Article(id=1228805182994186247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687104000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-19, revisedDate=1694620800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899585721, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899585721, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899585721, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899585721, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=816, endPage=826, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805183271010322, articleId=1228805182994186247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Research on seismic performance of partially isolated airport terminal frame structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of partially isolation on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance,taking a dominate large terminal airport as a research object,a 3 dimensional finite element model using ABAQUS software is established. Based on this model,the structural vertical vibration modes,the effective mode mass,the vertical vibration acceleration,vertical deformation,component ductility,plastic damage and residual deformation are analyzed to reveal the influence of partially isolation on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance. It’s demonstrated that partial isolation changes the vibration modes,increases the effective mode mass and magnify the vertical seismic load of the terminal building. At the same time,partial isolation filters the high frequency vibration,enlarges the low frequency vibration near the isolation frequency and increases the vertical acceleration and deformation. The plastic damage and residual deformation has been concentrated on the middle and end sections of innerspan beams.

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为研究局部隔振对机场航站楼框架结构动力学特性和抗震性能的影响规律,以国内某大型国际机场航站楼为研究对象,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立三维空间有限元模型,分析结构的竖向振动模态及其有效振型质量,在三向地震作用下分析结构的竖向加速度响应、竖向变形、构件延性、塑性损伤以及残余变形等,揭示局部隔振对机场航站楼框架结构动力学特性和抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明,局部隔振将楼板竖向振动转变为弹簧参与竖向变形的局部区域竖向振动,提高了竖向振动模态的有效振型质量,增强了航站楼框架结构的竖向地震作用。同时,局部隔振过滤了隔振频率以上的高频振动,放大了隔振频率附近的低频振动,增大了隔振区域内竖向振动加速度和位移,并将结构塑性损伤和残余变形集中在隔振区域内跨梁的跨中截面和梁端截面。

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王玉娟(1981—),女,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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方明(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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方明(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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Keyword(id=1229121416747077900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=三向地震作用), Keyword(id=1229121416847741206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=竖向抗震性能)], refs=[Reference(id=1229121422375834252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=46, issue=17, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=束伟农, 朱忠义, 祁跃, journalName=建筑结构, refType=null, unstructuredReference=束伟农,朱忠义,祁跃,等.北京新机场航站楼结构设计研究[J].建筑结构2016,46(17):1-7., articleTitle=北京新机场航站楼结构设计研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1229121422480691860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=46, issue=17, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1229121421868323419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The most unfavorable ground motion records

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震台站震级/Mw震中距/km卓越周期/s
纵向横向竖向
Loma PrietaANASH6.9390.770.510.650.42
SIA6.9379.130.310.310.29
Chi-Chi TaiwanCHY0807.6231.650.850.850.44
TCU1296.9014.160.200.250.53
NorthridgePD6.9020.360.390.410.47
), ArticleFig(id=1229121421981569637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805182994186247, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

最不利地震动记录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震台站震级/Mw震中距/km卓越周期/s
纵向横向竖向
Loma PrietaANASH6.9390.770.510.650.42
SIA6.9379.130.310.310.29
Chi-Chi TaiwanCHY0807.6231.650.850.850.44
TCU1296.9014.160.200.250.53
NorthridgePD6.9020.360.390.410.47
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局部隔振对航站楼框架结构抗震性能的影响研究
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方明 1 , 王建 2 , 王玉娟 1 , 魏然 1 , 于志超 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 816-826
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 816-826
局部隔振对航站楼框架结构抗震性能的影响研究
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方明1 , 王建2, 王玉娟1 , 魏然1, 于志超1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 方明(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王玉娟(1981—),女,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Research on seismic performance of partially isolated airport terminal frame structure
Ming FANG1 , Jian WANG2, Yujuan WANG1 , Ran WEI1, Zhichao YU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.017
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为研究局部隔振对机场航站楼框架结构动力学特性和抗震性能的影响规律,以国内某大型国际机场航站楼为研究对象,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立三维空间有限元模型,分析结构的竖向振动模态及其有效振型质量,在三向地震作用下分析结构的竖向加速度响应、竖向变形、构件延性、塑性损伤以及残余变形等,揭示局部隔振对机场航站楼框架结构动力学特性和抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明,局部隔振将楼板竖向振动转变为弹簧参与竖向变形的局部区域竖向振动,提高了竖向振动模态的有效振型质量,增强了航站楼框架结构的竖向地震作用。同时,局部隔振过滤了隔振频率以上的高频振动,放大了隔振频率附近的低频振动,增大了隔振区域内竖向振动加速度和位移,并将结构塑性损伤和残余变形集中在隔振区域内跨梁的跨中截面和梁端截面。

局部隔振  /  机场航站楼  /  大型交通枢纽  /  三向地震作用  /  竖向抗震性能

In order to study the influence of partially isolation on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance,taking a dominate large terminal airport as a research object,a 3 dimensional finite element model using ABAQUS software is established. Based on this model,the structural vertical vibration modes,the effective mode mass,the vertical vibration acceleration,vertical deformation,component ductility,plastic damage and residual deformation are analyzed to reveal the influence of partially isolation on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance. It’s demonstrated that partial isolation changes the vibration modes,increases the effective mode mass and magnify the vertical seismic load of the terminal building. At the same time,partial isolation filters the high frequency vibration,enlarges the low frequency vibration near the isolation frequency and increases the vertical acceleration and deformation. The plastic damage and residual deformation has been concentrated on the middle and end sections of innerspan beams.

partially isolated  /  airport terminal  /  large transport hub  /  three-directional seismic action  /  vertical seismic performance
方明, 王建, 王玉娟, 魏然, 于志超. 局部隔振对航站楼框架结构抗震性能的影响研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 816 -826 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.017
Ming FANG, Jian WANG, Yujuan WANG, Ran WEI, Zhichao YU. Research on seismic performance of partially isolated airport terminal frame structure[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 816 -826 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.017
随着旅客吞吐能力和换乘效率需求的快速提升,中国新建机场航站楼已经发展成为集成地铁、高铁等轨道交通方式的大型综合交通枢纽,例如,北京大兴国际机场[1]、成都天府国际机场[2]以及青岛胶东国际机场[3]。高速列车过站引起的结构振动会对仪器设备运行和人员工作休息产生危害,需要针对航站楼结构采取必要的隔振保护措施。航站楼结构隔振通常会改变结构动力学特性,进而影响结构抗震性能,如何兼顾轨道交通振动控制和工程结构抗震安全,成为新建机场航站楼结构设计分析面临的难题。
针对轨道交通引起的机场航站楼振动,需要采用结构基础隔振保护措施,弹簧隔振支座是目前最有效的基础隔振设施。在靠近振源的基础位置安装竖向弹簧隔振支座,形成局部隔振的机场航站楼框架结构体系。成都天府国际机场航站楼下方穿过时速350 km/h的过站高速列车,在高铁拱形顶板上方局部位置安装限位基础和弹簧隔振器,用以减小高速列车穿过时振动对航站楼的影响[4]。现场测试结果表明,钢弹簧隔振支座可以起到很好的减振降噪作用[5]。青岛胶东国际机场航站楼下方穿过城市地铁和时速250 km/h的高速铁路,采用局部隔振方案在高铁区间的站厅顶板上方安装弹簧减振器[6],可将振动控制在规范允许范围内[7]。代丰等[8]通过研究发现,采用隔振器和减振轨道组合方案,可进一步解决轨道交通引起的航站楼结构低频振动超限问题。周健等[9]针对浦东国际机场卫星厅结构开展振动控制研究,发现分离式基础也可以有效缓解轨道交通产生的机场建筑结构振动。
机场航站楼大跨度空间结构的抗震设计,通常采用基础隔震、跨层隔震和层间隔震等方案提高航站楼的整体抗震性能。与上述“隔振”不同,此处“隔震”的目的是通过延长结构振动周期以降低水平地震作用,同时会产生附加的振动控制效果。北京大兴国际机场采用主体框架结构与屋盖钢结构的组合,平面跨度达到1000 m,通过1118个隔震支座形成层间隔震,使得结构抗震设防烈度降低了1度[10],同时减小了轨道交通引起的航站楼结构竖向振动[11]。张爱林等[12-13]针对北京新机场航站楼结构开展了多维地震响应分析和缩比模型振动台试验,验证了屋盖大跨度钢结构的抗震性能。昆明国际机场采用钢筋混凝土框架和屋盖钢结构的组合,地处地震带附近,平面跨度达到1135 m,使用约1800个大直径橡胶支座进行基础隔震[14],使得结构抗震性能评价结果满足要求[15-16]。束伟农等[17]、陆伟东等[18]针对昆明国际机场结构开展了多维多点地震响应分析和振动台试验,验证了基础隔震的设计效果。李文祥等[19]针对武汉天河机场航站楼进行隔震设计,兼顾了地震和轨道列车的作用。王瑞峰等[20]针对乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场进行基础隔震,使得上部结构可以按降低抗震设防烈度1度设计。
上述新建机场航站楼的研究成果中,包含单方面的轨道交通振动控制研究,以及单方面的大跨空间结构抗震研究。由于集成地铁、高铁等轨道交通设施的大型机场航站楼在近几年才逐渐兴起,缺少典型工程案例,关于综合考虑振动控制和抗震性能问题的研究尚存在不足。轨道交通引起结构振动的峰值频率范围为50~80 Hz,为了减轻结构振动,局部隔振频率范围一般为2~5 Hz,这与竖向地震卓越频率存在重叠可能性,因此,有必要研究局部隔振对机场航站楼动力学特性和抗震性能的影响及其规律。鉴于此,本文建立国内某大型机场航站楼的三维空间有限元模型,分析局部隔振对其有效振型质量、竖向振动加速度和位移、隔振区域构件延性特性的影响规律,研究局部隔振机场航站楼框架结构的竖向抗震性能。
大型综合交通枢纽集合了多种交通方式,包括机场、高速铁路、城市地铁等,尽管提升了旅客吞吐能力,却给交通枢纽建设带来了诸多问题,首要是机场航站楼与高速铁路的接驳问题。图1为高铁穿越机场平面示意图。
高速列车的过站车速可达到250~350 km/h,引起的振动和噪声会对机场航站楼内的仪器设备和人员舒适度产生很大影响。在优先采用轨道振源的减振措施后,仍然无法满足其振动控制需求,并且机场航站楼与高铁站房之间的振动传播路径较短,传播路径的隔振措施较难实现。因此需要针对航站楼框架结构基础采取必要的隔振措施。
新建机场航站楼的平面尺寸较大,可达到1000 m,并且具有柱网分布不均匀的特点。高速铁路为满足列车停靠和高速过站需求,通常至少为2站4线,虽然跨度较大,但其平面尺寸远小于机场航站楼平面。这使得航站楼柱网不宜直接跨越高铁站房,而是要求局部区域的结构基础与高铁站房顶板直接相连。图2为高铁穿越机场立面示意图。采用基础隔振措施,在振动要求较高的局部区域安装竖向弹簧隔振支座,形成三维空间局部隔振的机场航站楼框架结构体系。
机场航站楼通常采用钢筋混凝土框架结构体系,根据结构设计和使用功能要求,各层楼板分布不均,梁、柱构件的空间布置错综复杂,需要针对实际机场航站楼进行有限元建模,分析局部隔振对其抗震性能的影响。本文采用纤维梁单元模拟框架梁、柱构件,将隔振支座简化为弹簧单元,建立局部隔振的机场航站楼三维空间有限元模型,在三向地震作用下进行结构抗震性能数值计算和分析。
机场航站楼框架结构的梁、柱截面尺寸较大,楼板对梁、柱构件变形的约束作用较弱,将有限元模型的楼板定义为线弹性构件,框架梁和柱定义为弹塑性构件。
混凝土纤维的单轴应力-应变骨架曲线和加卸载规则如图3所示。图3中,σt0为峰值压应力,dc为受拉损伤参数。
对于单轴受压的混凝土,初始刚度E0为骨架曲线上升段在原点处切线的斜率,E0=2σc0/εc0,其中σc0为混凝土轴心抗压强度。在达到峰值压应变εc0前,应力-应变关系满足抛物线形式:
式中,σc0的取值为混凝土轴芯抗压强度标准值fckfck的表达式如下:
式中,fcu为混凝土立方体抗压强度。
当混凝土超过峰值压应变εc0后,受压骨架曲线的软化段为双线型:
式中,σcu为极限压应变εcu对应的混凝土强度,σcu=0.85σc0~σc0
对于骨架曲线的受拉段,εt0为峰值拉应变,εtu为极限拉应变,γs为下降段刚度折减系数。
对于钢筋混凝土中的约束混凝土,受压应力-应变关系曲线中的参数通过KENT等[21]的约束混凝土本构关系模型计算得到,需要使用箍筋强度、箍筋间距和体积配箍率等参数。
混凝土的加/卸载规则曲线通过R点控制,R点的位置由受压损伤参数dc决定,dc的取值范围为σcu/(εcu E0)≤dc < 1。R点对应的应变为:
对应的应力为E0εR
受压骨架曲线的加/卸载规则为:
(1)卸载点和R点之间的连线与横轴的交点作为残余应变εre,卸载刚度为dc E0
(2)卸载时,首先按照初始刚度E0卸载,卸载至经过残余应变点并且刚度为0.5dc E0的直线时,按照0.5dc E0的卸载刚度继续卸载。
(3)卸载中途再加载时,首先按照初始刚度E0加载,直到经过卸载点与R点连线时,按照损伤刚度dc E0继续加载。
上述混凝土单轴应力-应变关系曲线考虑了混凝土受压非线性骨架曲线、卸载/再加载刚度的退化,能够充分体现混凝土纤维在往复荷载作用下的损伤情况。
钢筋纤维的单轴应力-应变骨架曲线和滞回规则如图4所示。图4中,Es为弹性模量,α1α2α3为变化参数,σyσu为屈服强度,εyεu为屈服极限。钢筋的单轴本构关系的骨架曲线采用三线性模型,当应变超过屈服应变后,骨架曲线以α1 ES的刚度继续上升。当应变超过峰值应力对应的应变值后,骨架曲线以α2 ES的刚度下降,直到丧失全部强度。钢筋的滞回模型采用CLOUGH等[22]提出的带有再加载刚度退化的双线型滞回模型,该模型在反向再加载时指向加载历史上的最大应变点,如果该方向尚未屈服,则指向屈服点。
钢筋的强度退化模型采用考虑累积损伤引起的承载力退化模型,表达式如下:
式中,fyi表示第i个加载循环的屈服强度;Eeffi为加载至第i个循环时的有效累积滞回耗能;Ei为第i个循环的滞回耗能;εi为第i个循环所达到的最大应变;εf为钢筋混凝土构件在单调加载下达到破坏时的受拉钢筋应变。曲哲等[23]建议εf取值为0.15λv/λN,其中,λv=ρv fyv/fckρv为体积配箍率,fyv为箍筋的屈服强度;λN=N/(fck A)为构件轴压比,N为构件承受的轴压力,A为构件截面积。
KAWASHIMA等[24]针对一组钢筋混凝土柱进行了往复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验,本文选取其中承受单向往复水平荷载的桥墩进行模拟,如图5(a)所示。柱截面尺寸为400 mm×400 mm,布置16根等间距纵向钢筋。加载方案为:首先施加轴力,然后分级施加水平往复荷载,每一级荷载重复三次。图5(b)对比结果显示,本文采用的混凝土和钢筋纤维梁单元本构关系模型能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土柱的强度退化、刚度退化以及滞回捏拢行为。
中国建筑学会建筑结构防倒塌专业委员会在清华大学针对钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了拟静力倒塌试验[25],并在全国范围邀请科研人员参与预测框架的基底剪力-顶点位移的滞回关系。本文参考试验模型参数以及加载工况进行了数值模拟,如图6所示。试验结构为6层三跨框架,层高3.3 m,跨度为6 m,柱截面尺寸为400 mm×400 mm,梁截面尺寸为250 mm×500 mm,梁、柱混凝土强度等级C30。试验模型为1∶2缩尺模型,选取底部三层进行拟静力试验。图6(b)对比结果显示,本文采用的纤维梁单元建模方法可以较好地模拟框架结构的整体力学行为和滞回性能。由于本文未考虑节点区域的非线性力学行为和破坏过程,整体结构的屈服强化和刚度退回模拟结果存在一定误差。鉴于航站楼框架结构跨度较大,梁、柱构件易发生弯曲破坏,节点剪切破坏的可能性较小,因此这样的模拟误差不会影响后续有限元分析结果。
机场航站楼框架结构的隔振支座采用弹簧单元建模。弹簧隔振支座能够产生竖向变形和水平变形,转动变形相对较小,力学模型参数主要包括竖向刚度和水平刚度。以竖向隔振频率为目标对弹簧隔振参数进行设计,通过设计弹簧隔振支座的竖向刚度来调整结构的竖向振动频率,以满足振动控制要求。
式中,P为柱轴力;g为重力加速度;fv为结构竖向振动频率。
弹簧隔振支座的水平刚度取决于竖向刚度、竖向荷载和边界条件。采用德国标准DIN 2089[26]中建议的简化计算公式,如下式所示:
式中,,其中,D为支座线圈直径,L0为支座初始长度;EG分别为材料的弹性模量和剪切模量;ξs为弹簧压缩量与初始长度的比值;λs为初始长度与线圈直径的比值。
机场航站楼的局部隔振频率一般为2~5 Hz,局部隔振频率与竖向地震卓越频率重叠,使得机场航站楼在三向地震作用下对竖向地震的低频成分很敏感。为了选取航站楼框架结构的最不利地震记录,以局部隔振频率作为竖向地震的卓越频率,选取地震动记录,频率范围为1.89~3.45 Hz,研究航站楼框架结构在三向地震作用下的抗震性能,尤其是竖向抗震性能。
最不利地震动记录的基本信息如表1所示,竖向地震记录的卓越周期变化范围为0.29~0.53 s,阻尼比为5%的地震动加速度谱如图7所示。针对局部隔振航站楼框架结构的有限元模型,按照罕遇地震确定结构纵向输入加速度峰值,纵向、横向、竖向加速度峰值比调整为1∶0.85∶0.65。
本文以某新建大型国际机场作为研究对象,该机场航站楼采用海星型平面布局,航站楼框架结构分为F区大厅和向心布置的五个指廊,抗震设防烈度为7度。高铁专线在地下穿越F区大厅,如图8所示。F区大厅为钢筋混凝土框架结构,平面尺寸为315 m×339 m(最窄处)~500 m×339 m(最宽处),地下1层,地上4层,屋顶最大标高为43 m。为了缓解温度作用对平面超大跨度结构变形的影响,F区大厅设置一道横向贯通的结构缝,分为F1和F2两个结构区域,F1区的主要功能为旅客接驳,F2区的主要功能为行李提取,本文选取F1结构区域作为研究对象。
通过ABAQUS软件建立航站楼框架结构三维空间有限元模型,如图9所示。采用纤维梁单元模拟框架梁、柱,单元类型为B31;采用壳单元模拟楼板,单元类型为S4;采用弹簧单元模拟隔振区域的弹簧隔振支座,单元类型为SPRING。框架梁、柱和楼板的网格单元尺寸均为2 m,整体模型自由度数约为3.5×105。结构阻尼比为5%,使用Rayleigh阻尼。
局部隔振改变了航站楼框架结构在隔振区域的柱网基础,将使竖向振动模态产生明显改变,图10对比了固定基础和局部隔振情况下的竖向振动模态。固定基础结构的竖向振动频率为2.3~2.6 Hz,分别对应第14阶、18阶和48阶模态,均为楼板竖向振动,振型分布较为稀疏。局部隔振结构的竖向振动频率约为2.0 Hz,即竖向隔振频率,分别对应第6、7和8阶,均为竖向弹簧参与变形的隔振区域整体竖向振动,振型分布较为密集。
局部隔振不仅改变竖向振动模态,也使得竖向振动模态产生更大的有效振型质量,有必要进一步分析。图11对比了固定基础和局部隔振情况下的有效振型质量。结果显示,航站楼框架结构水平振动和扭转振动的有效振型质量未受影响,竖向振动的有效振型质量影响显著。固定基础结构的第14阶模态有效振型质量最大,约为隔振区域总质量的5%。局部隔振结构的第7阶模态有效振型质量最大,约为隔振区域总质量的50%,相对固定基础情况提高了约10倍。
由此可见,局部隔振增大了航站楼框架结构竖向振动模态的有效振型质量,还会增强航站楼框架结构在隔振区域的竖向地震作用。
图12给出了三向地震作用下结构各楼层的峰值加速度对比结果。灰色实线和灰色虚线分别表示每条地震波输入下固定基础和局部隔振的计算结果,蓝色实线和红色虚线分别表示所有地震波输入下固定基础和局部隔振的平均结果。结果显示,水平两个方向的楼层峰值加速度曲线基本吻合,这说明局部隔振没有影响航站楼框架结构的水平振动。对于竖直方向的楼层峰值加速度,局部隔振引起明显的放大作用,第二、三和四楼层的峰值加速度分别提高了约24%、25%和35%。
由于旅客接驳的功能需求,航站楼结构的第三楼层具有完整楼板平面,其他三层均有大面积楼板镂空,因此选取第三层楼板竖向加速度进行分析。图13给出了隔振区域第三楼层的竖向加速度时程及频谱的对比结果。加速度时程结果显示,在局部隔振的影响下,加速度时程峰值提高了约1.86倍。加速度频谱结果显示,竖向振动由楼板振动频率范围降低到约2 Hz的竖向隔振频率。由于弹簧隔振支座对高频振动的过滤作用,楼板振动的高频成分减弱,并且产生以隔振频率2 Hz为中心频率的较窄带宽的竖向振动。
综上所述,局部隔振过滤了高频竖向振动,放大了以隔振频率为中心的低频振动,总体提高了加速度峰值响应。
图14给出了层间位移角响应的对比结果,其中灰色实线和灰色虚线分别表示每条地震波输入下固定基础和局部隔振的计算结果,蓝色实线和红色虚线分别表示所有地震波输入下固定基础和局部隔振的平均结果。结果显示,固定基础和局部隔振结构的层间位移角曲线基本吻合,这说明局部隔振没有影响航站楼框架结构的水平抗震性能。原因在于,局部隔振区域仅占航站楼结构总平面的约1/9,如图9所示。尽管隔振支座可以降低单根柱的水平刚度,但是不会明显降低整体结构的水平刚度,对水平抗震性能没有产生影响。
图15为ANASH地震波作用下局部隔振结构与固定基础结构的对比结果。图中比值等于1表明两者的竖向变形相等,符号①~④表示弹簧隔振支座的安装位置。结果显示,隔振区域外楼板竖向变形的放大比例均不超过5%,隔振区域内楼板竖向变形的放大效果明显,以梁跨中位置放大作用最显著。其中,边跨梁的跨中位置竖向变形的放大比例不超过10%,内跨梁的跨中位置竖向变形的放大比例达到约30%。
选择图15中楼板平面A点作为输出节点,对比固定基础和局部隔振下A点的竖向位移时程,如图16所示。结果显示,参考点的竖向变形放大比例约为25%。固定基础结构在水平地震分量作用下,第三层的层间位移角达到约1%,梁端截面已经产生塑性破坏,在此基础之上,竖向地震分量作用加重了梁端截面的塑性破坏程度,并导致梁跨中A点位置出现明显的竖向残余变形。
航站楼框架结构的梁构件分布错综复杂,且各层楼板区域不一致,为了分析局部隔振对梁变形的影响,并体现竖向振动模态与塑性铰分布的对应关系,对各楼层的梁截面塑性铰分布图进行对比分析。图17给出了航站楼框架结构在隔振区域第一~四层框架梁的塑性铰分布情况。图示结果为ANASH地震波作用下固定基础与局部隔振得到的梁截面曲率延性系数μ=θ/θy,其中,θ为梁截面曲率,θy为梁截面屈服曲率。符号①~④表示弹簧隔振支座的布置位置。隔振区域塑性铰的分布规律如下:
(1)固定基础情况下,水平地震控制了第一、二层框架梁的塑性损伤,损伤集中在梁端截面,延性系数在1~3之间;竖向地震主要影响了第三、四层框架梁的塑性损伤,跨中截面的损伤明显,延性系数达到3~5。在局部隔振影响下,竖向地震对各个楼层梁的塑性损伤均有提高,第一层中下区域框架梁的损伤程度明显增加,第三、四层中上区域框架梁的损伤程度明显增加,这些区域对应局部隔振结构第6、7阶的竖向振动模态。
(2)固定基础情况下,隔振区域纵向、横向框架梁均产生了不同程度的损伤,由于纵向地震输入的加速度峰值较大、框架梁的塑性损伤更严重。在局部隔振影响下,纵向框架梁的损伤程度被明显放大,第三层中上部区域纵向框架梁最明显,许多跨中和梁端截面的延性系数范围由1~2增大到2~3。原因在于,航站楼框架结构在纵向平面形成局部隔振框架结构,在横向平面未受影响。
(3)固定基础情况下,隔震区域内跨梁、边跨梁均产生了不同程度的损伤,由于框架柱底约束条件相同,两者的损伤程度比较接近。在局部隔振影响下,内跨梁的损伤程度被明显放大,以第三层中上部区域内跨梁所受影响最明显,许多内跨梁截面的延性系数范围由1~2增大到2~3。原因在于,局部隔振增大了结构隔振区域内跨梁的弯曲变形,而对边跨梁的影响较小。
综上所述,局部隔振航站楼框架结构在隔振区域的梁截面损伤放大作用体现在竖向振型梁截面位置、纵向梁截面位置和内跨梁截面位置。
图18给出了某段梁的跨中和梁端截面的弯矩-曲率曲线,用以对比固定基础和局部隔振的梁截面的滞回性能。结果显示,梁端截面在负弯矩作用下的塑性变形被放大,延性系数从约2.4增大到约4.0,并且产生了更大的构件残余变形;同时,跨中截面在正弯矩作用下的塑性变形被放大,延性系数从约1.2增大到约2.8,产生了更大的构件残余变形。由此可见,在局部隔振影响下,隔振区域的框架梁产生了更加严重的塑性破坏和残余变形。
图19给出了航站楼框架结构在隔振区域首层柱的塑性铰分布情况。图示结果为ANASH地震波作用下固定基础与局部隔振得到的柱截面延性系数的对比结果,符号①~④表示弹簧隔振支座的布置位置。结果显示,隔振区域内柱塑性铰的延性系数范围为1~2,部分内柱的柱底截面由固定基础情况下的塑性铰成为局部隔振情况下的线弹性截面,体现了弹簧隔振支座对柱底约束的减弱作用;隔振区域边柱塑性铰的延性系数为1~3,部分边柱的柱底截面由固定基础情况下的线弹性截面成为局部隔振情况下的塑性铰截面,这说明局部隔振影响下隔振区域边柱的侧向变形增大。
图20给出了延性系数范围为2~3的柱底截面的弯矩-曲率曲线对比结果,用以对比固定基础和局部隔振柱截面的滞回性能。结果显示,柱底截面在纵向、横向受弯条件下的抗弯承载力需求、塑性破坏过程以及残余变形均无明显差别。
综上所述,尽管局部隔振使得隔振区域首层边柱的侧向变形有所增加,局部隔振的影响主要体现在对竖向地震的放大作用,没有改变水平地震作用,于是结构水平方向的抗震性能没有受到影响。
本文通过数值计算方法,分析了局部隔振对于机场航站楼框架结构竖向抗震性能的影响及其规律,主要得到以下结论:
(1)局部隔振改变了航站楼框架结构的竖向振动模态,由楼板竖向振动转变为伴随弹簧竖向变形的局部区域竖向振动。局部隔振情况下的竖向振动模态产生更大的有效振型质量,结合某大型机场航站楼数值模型,局部隔振的有效振型质量相对于固定基础情况提高了约10倍,显著地增强了隔振区域的竖向地震作用。
(2)航站楼框架结构在隔振区域的竖向振动加速度幅值增大,局部隔振过滤了超过竖向隔振频率的高频成分,放大了竖向隔振频率附近的低频成分。隔振区域内楼板竖向变形增大,其中内跨梁的跨中位置竖向变形影响最大,同时构件延性影响最大位置出现在内跨梁的跨中截面和梁端截面,产生更加严重的塑性损伤和残余变形。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108450)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.017
  • 接收时间:2023-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19
  • 修回日期:2023-09-14
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108450)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
    2.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001

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王玉娟(1981—),女,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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