Article(id=1228805182524425198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1690041600000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-23, revisedDate=1696780800000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899585609, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899585609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899585609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899585609, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=677, endPage=686, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805182776083450, articleId=1228805182524425198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Recursive dynamic mode decomposition method for output-only identification of time-varying modal parameters, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Time-varying modal identification is important to obtain the dynamic characteristics of time-varying engineering structures and realize real-time vibration control and online health monitoring of structural systems. Aiming at the problems of measuring the excitation of engineering structures and low efficiency of time-varying modal identification,an output-only recursive identification method based on dynamic mode decomposition(DMD)is proposed in this paper. To extend the theory of the existing DMD method,this paper draws on the projection approximation subspace tracking algorithm and the sliding-window idea,and proposes a recursive format of the DMD method,which can update the system matrix and the proper orthogonal decomposition basis recursively,and can be further used for the output-only recursive modal identification of time-varying systems. A numerical example of a three-degree-of-freedom structural system with time-varying mass and an experimental setup of a liquid-filled cylindrical structural system with variable mass are respectively designed and built to validate the proposed method numerically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that the proposed recursive DMD method is able to accurately identify the modal parameters of the time-varying structures by only using the measured vibration response data,and has good output-only recursive identification capability.

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针对工程结构的激励难以测量、时变模态辨识计算效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于动态模式分解(DMD)的时变模态仅输出递推辨识方法。借鉴投影近似子空间跟踪算法和滑动窗思想对现有DMD方法进行理论拓展,提出DMD方法的递推格式,能够对系统矩阵和本征正交分解基进行递推更新,可用于时变模态的仅输出递推辨识。设计时变质量三自由度结构系统数值算例,搭建变质量充液筒结构系统实验平台,分别对所提递推DMD方法进行数值和实验验证。结果表明,所提递推DMD方法能够仅基于结构系统的振动响应数据准确辨识得到其时变模态,具备良好的仅输出递推辨识能力。

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马志赛(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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范霆威(2000—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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范霆威(2000—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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Comparison of the MAE for estimated natural frequencies with different sliding window lengths

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滑动窗长度/s一阶频率/Hz二阶频率/Hz三阶频率/Hz
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0.20.0290.0510.072
1.00.1010.1780.158
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不同滑动窗长度下固有频率辨识结果的MAE指标对比

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1.00.1010.1780.158
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Comparison of the MAE for estimated natural frequencies with different sliding window lengths by considering the noise effects

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滑动窗长度/s一阶频率/Hz二阶频率/Hz三阶频率/Hz
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考虑噪声影响的不同滑动窗长度下固有频率辨识结果的MAE指标对比

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1.00.1450.2210.548
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面向时变模态仅输出辨识的递推动态模式分解方法研究
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范霆威 1, 2 , 马志赛 1, 2 , 丁千 1, 2 , 祁峰 3 , 王檑 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 677-686
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 677-686
面向时变模态仅输出辨识的递推动态模式分解方法研究
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范霆威1, 2 , 马志赛1, 2 , 丁千1, 2, 祁峰3, 王檑3
作者信息
  • 1.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350
  • 2.天津市非线性动力学与控制重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 3.北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京 100076
  • 范霆威(2000—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

马志赛(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Recursive dynamic mode decomposition method for output-only identification of time-varying modal parameters
Tingwei FAN1, 2 , Zhisai MA1, 2 , Qian DING1, 2, Feng QI3, Lei WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China
  • 2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control,Tianjin 300350,China
  • 3.Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering,Beijing 100076,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.002
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针对工程结构的激励难以测量、时变模态辨识计算效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于动态模式分解(DMD)的时变模态仅输出递推辨识方法。借鉴投影近似子空间跟踪算法和滑动窗思想对现有DMD方法进行理论拓展,提出DMD方法的递推格式,能够对系统矩阵和本征正交分解基进行递推更新,可用于时变模态的仅输出递推辨识。设计时变质量三自由度结构系统数值算例,搭建变质量充液筒结构系统实验平台,分别对所提递推DMD方法进行数值和实验验证。结果表明,所提递推DMD方法能够仅基于结构系统的振动响应数据准确辨识得到其时变模态,具备良好的仅输出递推辨识能力。

时变系统  /  模态辨识  /  动态模式分解  /  仅输出递推辨识

Time-varying modal identification is important to obtain the dynamic characteristics of time-varying engineering structures and realize real-time vibration control and online health monitoring of structural systems. Aiming at the problems of measuring the excitation of engineering structures and low efficiency of time-varying modal identification,an output-only recursive identification method based on dynamic mode decomposition(DMD)is proposed in this paper. To extend the theory of the existing DMD method,this paper draws on the projection approximation subspace tracking algorithm and the sliding-window idea,and proposes a recursive format of the DMD method,which can update the system matrix and the proper orthogonal decomposition basis recursively,and can be further used for the output-only recursive modal identification of time-varying systems. A numerical example of a three-degree-of-freedom structural system with time-varying mass and an experimental setup of a liquid-filled cylindrical structural system with variable mass are respectively designed and built to validate the proposed method numerically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that the proposed recursive DMD method is able to accurately identify the modal parameters of the time-varying structures by only using the measured vibration response data,and has good output-only recursive identification capability.

time-varying system  /  modal identification  /  dynamic mode decomposition  /  output-only recursive identification
范霆威, 马志赛, 丁千, 祁峰, 王檑. 面向时变模态仅输出辨识的递推动态模式分解方法研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 677 -686 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.002
Tingwei FAN, Zhisai MA, Qian DING, Feng QI, Lei WANG. Recursive dynamic mode decomposition method for output-only identification of time-varying modal parameters[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 677 -686 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.002
在土木、机械、航空航天、加工制造等工程领域,许多结构系统都具有显著的时变特征,例如车-桥耦合系统[1]、燃料不断消耗的运载火箭系统[2]等,准确快速获取结构系统的时变模态参数是开展实时振动控制和在线健康监测的重要保证[3-4]。除此以外,部分结构系统还具有显著的非线性特征[5-6],但目前同时考虑系统时变与非线性特征的辨识理论尚不成熟,因此本文重点关注线性时变结构系统的辨识问题。对于工作状态下的时变结构系统,受限于自身规模、特征和操作环境等因素,施加人工激励往往较为困难且费用昂贵,自然激励又难以有效测量[7-8],因此在激励未知的情况下开展时变结构模态参数的仅输出辨识方法研究至关重要。同时,为更好地满足模态参数的实时在线跟踪需求,要求辨识方法的计算复杂度不随时间的推移而增加,因此,还需进一步发展仅输出辨识方法的递推格式。
面向时变结构的模态参数辨识方法,根据是否对系统进行建模可分为非参数化和参数化两类方法[4]。非参数化方法将响应信号表示为时间和频率的联合函数,通过数据处理手段从响应信号中提取模态参数,主要包括时频分析[9]、Hilbert-Huang变换[10-11]、小波变换[12]等时频域方法。非参数化方法易于使用,但受限于时间和频率分辨率无法兼顾,有时难以准确跟踪系统的快变特性,且由于没有建立辨识模型,无法完整地获取待辨识系统的所有特性。参数化方法多为时域辨识方法,需要建立系统的辨识模型,例如状态空间模型、时间序列模型等。基于上述两类模型所发展出的辨识方法分别称为子空间方法[13-15]和时间序列方法[216-17]。但需要说明的是,子空间方法的计算量偏大,且对噪声较为敏感[4];时间序列方法具有较强的抗噪声能力,但确定辨识模型阶数较为困难,且有时难以有效剔除虚假模态[18-19]
近年来,动态模式分解(dynamic mode decomposition,DMD)方法作为一种新的数据驱动计算方法,受到了众多学者的关注与青睐。DMD方法起源于Koopman分析,MEZIĆ[20]基于Koopman分析研究了动力学系统的谱分解问题。SCHMID[21]在该研究工作的基础上,正式提出了DMD方法,该方法能够直接从系统的输出数据中提取系统固有动态特性,具有数学描述形式简单、计算量小以及仅使用输出数据等优点。TU等[22]扩充了DMD方法的定义,解释了原始DMD方法不适用于具有共轭复根的系统的原因,并提出通过构造时移矩阵解决该问题。 HEMATI等[23]进一步改进了DMD方法的计算格式,降低了DMD方法对噪声的敏感程度。BAI等[24]引入压缩感知算法,对观测数据进行压缩,降低了DMD方法的计算量。ALASSAF等[25]提出了针对DMD的随机化技术,提高了DMD方法的计算效率和精度。近年来,DMD方法已逐渐在流场分析[26-28]、电力系统分析[29-30]、交通流量预测[31]、结构动力学分析[32-33]等多个领域得以应用,表现出了广阔的应用前景。
本文旨在发展DMD方法的递推格式,使其适用于时变结构模态参数的仅输出递推辨识。受到DMD方法与投影近似子空间跟踪(projection approximation subspace tracking,PAST)算法[34-35]结构形式相似的启发,本文基于滑动窗思想,提出一种递推DMD方法,通过对现有DMD方法中的系统矩阵和本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)基[21]进行递推更新,以实现时变结构模态参数的仅输出递推辨识。需要指出的是,利用PAST算法进行模态辨识时需要用到系统的输入数据,而本文提出的递推DMD方法能够在仅测量系统输出数据的情况下进行模态辨识,适用于工程时变结构的工作模态分析。
对于一个离散的时间序列xk而言,首先假设有如下线性映射:
式中,A为系统矩阵,表征了系统相邻时刻的映射关系,该映射在整个采样时间内应大致相同。
如果xk为结构动力学系统的响应数据,则系统矩阵A中包含了该系统的固有特性。设A有特征值分解A=ΦΛΦ-1Φ为特征向量组成的矩阵,Λ为特征值组成的对角矩阵。将其代入式(1)可得:
进一步可得:
式中,mxk的维度;λiφi分别为A的第i阶特征值和特征向量;η=Φ-1 x0为坐标向量,其第i个分量为ηi
式(3)表明,xk位于A的特征向量所张成的空间中,与其位于模态空间中的情况类似。可以证明,对于线性系统而言,模态展开式和Koopman算子的特征函数展开式是相同的,因此,如将系统矩阵A视为Koopman算子的有限维线性近似,可从A中提取系统的模态信息[36]
对于一个复模态结构动力学系统,其位移解具有如下形式:
式中,si为系统极点。
离散时间序列的采样间隔为Δt,则有xk=x(kΔt),对比式(3)和式(4)可得:
由振动力学理论可知,对于欠阻尼系统,系统极点si与固有圆频率ωi以及阻尼比ξi有如下关系:
式中,si的共轭,则系统的固有频率fi和阻尼比ξi可由下式求出:
式中,Re(·)表示取复数的实部。
显然,通过求解系统矩阵A及其特征值和特征向量,即可得到结构动力学系统的模态信息。
为求得系统矩阵A,利用系统的时间序列数据构建如下两个矩阵:
式中,N为数据长度。根据式(1)可得AX=Y,则A的最小二乘解为:
式中,(·)表示矩阵的伪逆。在实际应用过程中,观测信号xk的维度较大,导致A的维度也较大,此时对A进行特征值分解较为困难,可通过本征正交分解(POD)方法进行降阶。
X的奇异值分解为:
式中,U为左奇异矩阵;Σ为奇异值矩阵;V为右奇异矩阵;(·)H表示矩阵的Hermitian转置。通过观察奇异值的大小,选取U的前r列组成POD基Ur[21],并构建如下投影矩阵Ã
式中,Ã相当于AUr上的投影,二者具有相似关系,因此具有相同的特征值,对Ã进行特征值分解,即可得到系统的特征值,具体如下:
式中,为由特征值构成的对角矩阵;ψÃ的特征向量构成。由相似关系可知Φ=Urψ,因此,可将A的特征值分解问题转化为一个低维度矩阵Ã的特征值分解问题。
当观测信号维度较低时,DMD方法会因为A的维度小于真实系统的阶数而无法有效提取模态信息。针对此问题,TU等[22]提出将式(8)中XY堆叠为时移矩阵来增加自身的秩,进而增加A的维度,具体的堆叠形式如下:
式中,M为堆叠数量。
用式(13)代替式(8)中的XY矩阵,并执行上述过程,可得到系统的固有频率,通过取Φ的第一块行(其列数为结构系统自由度数)可得到系统的模态振型。一般地,堆叠数量M的取值需要使A的秩大于或等于真实系统的阶数,具体表现为继续堆叠只会产生低于截断阈值的新奇异值。
为获得时变结构的模态参数,引入“时间冻结”假设,即认为系统在短时间内是时不变的。为降低计算量,提高辨识方法对时变模态的实时跟踪能力,本节提出一种基于滑动窗的递推DMD方法,其主要思想是,每一时刻增加一个新数据的同时删除一个最旧的数据,基于增加和删除的数据修改上一时刻估计出的模型参数,进而保证每一时刻的参数估计值仅依赖于滑动窗内的最新数据[37]
X行满秩时,有X=XH(XXH)-1,根据式(9)可知:
在得到第k+1时刻的观测数据xk+1yk+1(即xk+2)后,根据时移矩阵的结构特点,构建第k+1时刻对应的数据列如下:
则式(13)中的时移矩阵可以认为是由N个连续时刻数据列组成,取L个数据列构建时移矩阵,其中上下标分别为最新数据列和最旧数据列所对应的时刻,表征了该矩阵对应的时间段。增加第k+1时刻的数据列后,时移矩阵可通过如下更新方式得到:
同理,删除最旧时刻数据列时,则移除时移矩阵的第一列。在每一时刻,添加一个新数据列的同时,删除一个旧数据列,以保证时移矩阵中的数据列总量保持不变,所使用的数据列总量记为滑动窗长度L。结合式(14)和(16)可得:
式中,(·)T表示矩阵的转置;为基于滑动窗内数据求得的系统矩阵。
在添加一个新数据列后,基于式(17)和矩阵求逆公式,可得系统矩阵A及其对应的协方差矩阵P的更新公式如下:
同理,移除旧数据列后,对应的更新公式如下:
在初始值的选取方面,可在初始时刻采用1.2节中的方法计算一次A的初值,P的初值一般取初始时刻的(XXH)-1。一般地,初始时刻可选取k=M+L,此时刚好可以构造时移矩阵。至此,完成对系统矩阵A的递推更新。需要说明的是,由于更新过程需要保证X行满秩,所以滑动窗长度L的取值不能过小,并且过小的滑动窗长度会导致辨识结果方差增大。
在完成系统矩阵A的递推更新基础上,本节旨在对POD基Ur进行递推更新。这里采用经典PAST算法[34]Ur进行更新,PAST算法将子空间跟踪问题转化为如下的无约束优化问题:
式中,WX分别为任意满足可乘条件的列满秩矩阵和行满秩矩阵。
Rx=XXT的特征值分解为:
可以证明,当且仅当W=UT时,该函数取得全局最小值,其中,U包含Rx的前n个主特征向量;T为任意酉矩阵[34]。即当X为2.1节中的时移矩阵时,对应的W即为POD基Ur。考虑投影估计:
则目标函数可改写为:
进一步地,Wk时刻的最小二乘解为:
由式(16)、(22)和(24)可得:
式中,。在得到新数据列后,基于式(25)和矩阵求逆公式,可得到子空间估计W及其对应的协方差矩阵Q的更新公式如下:
同理,移除旧数据列对应的更新公式如下:
与2.1节相似,W的初值为初始时刻得到的UrQ的初值取初始时刻的(ZZH)-1。需要指出的是,PAST算法与2.1节中的更新思路具有相似性,其原因在于二者具有相同的最小二乘估计格式。
结合第2节的叙述,图1给出了该方法的流程框图。主要步骤可总结如下:首先,在获得足够观测数据后,通过式(13)构建时移矩阵XY,再根据式(9)计算系统矩阵A的初值,并根据式(10)计算POD基Ur的初值;其次,在获得新的观测数据后,通过式(18)和(19)递推计算A,再通过式(26)和(27)递推计算Ur;最后,通过式(11)和(12)计算投影矩阵Ã及其特征值分解,并根据式(5)~(7)计算当前时刻的模态参数。
为验证上述所提递推DMD方法的有效性,本节考虑一个具有时变质量的三自由度(degree of freedom,DOF)结构系统数值算例,如图2所示。
该结构系统的动力学方程具有如下形式:
式中,x(t)为位移响应;F(t)为外激励。质量矩阵M(t)、阻尼矩阵C、刚度矩阵K分别为:
式中,阻尼系数分别为c1=c2=c3=0.3 N/(m·s-1),刚度系数分别为k1=k2=k3=30000 N/m;m1m2m3(单位为kg)分别有如下形式:
在三个自由度上均施加白噪声激励,使用龙格-库塔法进行数值求解,从系统静止状态开始计算,共计算40 s。为消除初始瞬态振动的影响,只选用后20 s的响应数据进行分析,三个自由度上的位移响应如图3所示。
对上述位移响应进行1000 Hz重采样,将重采样后的位移响应数据用于递推DMD方法的辨识流程。定义滑动窗时间长度WL=L/fs,其中,fs为采样频率,WL表征滑动窗内最新和最旧数据所对应的时间差,可直观地反映辨识结果与真实值的偏离程度,不受采样频率的影响。图4给出了WL=0.2 s时递推DMD方法对固有频率的辨识结果,其中红色点线为固有频率的辨识结果,蓝色虚线为“时间冻结”固有频率的真实值。显然,该方法可以准确辨识出时变质量三自由度结构系统的固有频率。
为探究滑动窗长度选取对辨识结果的影响规律,图56分别给出了WL=0.1 s和WL=1 s时的固有频率辨识结果。与图4进行对比发现,较小的滑动窗长度可以较好地跟踪时变质量三自由度结构系统的固有频率,但辨识结果方差较大;较大的滑动窗长度可以降低辨识结果的方差,但对固有频率的跟踪能力减弱,与真实值出现了明显的跟踪偏差。
为定量描述辨识精度,定义均值绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)指标,具体如下:
式中,n为待辨识数据总量;为第k时刻选定模态的固有频率辨识值;fk为相对应的固有频率理论值。
表1给出了不同滑动窗长度下固有频率辨识结果的MAE指标对比,可以发现,随滑动窗长度的增加,MAE呈现先减小后增大的趋势,这是由于辨识精度同时取决于跟踪偏差和方差,二者需要兼顾才能达到较好的辨识效果。
为探究递推DMD方法对噪声的敏感性,对位移响应添加20 dB白噪声后再执行上述辨识流程,分别取滑动窗长度WL=0.2 s和WL=1 s,相应的辨识结果如图78所示。将图78分别与图46进行对比可知,当观测数据被噪声污染后,递推DMD方法仍能对固有频率进行有效跟踪,但辨识精度有所下降。对比图78可知,在考虑观测数据的噪声影响时,相对较大的滑动窗更有利于抑制辨识结果的方差,提高辨识精度。
表2给出了考虑观测数据噪声影响时,不同滑动窗长度下固有频率辨识结果的MAE指标对比。对比表12可知,一方面,在相同滑动窗长度下,当考虑噪声影响时,固有频率辨识结果的MAE会明显增大;另一方面,随着滑动窗长度从0.2 s增加至1 s,频率辨识结果的MAE有所下降,表明较大的滑动窗长度有助于降低辨识方法对噪声的敏感性。
综上可知,对于递推DMD方法而言,较小的滑动窗可提高其对时变系统的跟踪能力,但会增大辨识结果的方差;较大的滑动窗可降低辨识结果的方差,但时变跟踪能力较弱,会出现局部跟踪偏差。因此,滑动窗长度的选取需要在辨识精度与时变跟踪能力之间折中,可参考固有频率辨识结果的MAE指标进行滑动窗长度的选取。此外,当观测数据受到噪声污染时,建议选取相对较大的滑动窗长度,以有效降低辨识结果的方差,改善辨识效果。需要指出的是,该方法滑动窗长度固定,适用于变化速率相对稳定的系统。对于变化速率在采样时间内时慢时快的系统,则需要对滑动窗长度进行自适应优化处理[38]
本节旨在对递推DMD方法进行实验验证。搭建如图9所示变质量充液筒结构系统[39],其目的在于模拟大长细比的圆柱形航空航天结构的时变质量特征,例如燃料消耗。变质量充液筒结构的高度为4 m,外径为0.11 m,厚度为0.032 m,其上端由弹性绳索悬挂,可视为自由边界。通过开启变质量充液筒结构底部阀门可排出其内部液体,液位变化规律可由位于底部的液位传感器测量得到。显然,随着内部液体质量的不断减少,该系统会表现出显著的时变特性。如图9所示,实验系统由变质量充液筒结构、激振器及其功率放大器、加速度传感器(8个)、液位传感器、数据采集与监控系统、计算机等组成。
开展变质量充液筒结构系统的时变动力学实验,实验过程中,在变质量充液筒结构的2号测点位置施加白噪声激励,沿其轴向均匀布置8个加速度传感器拾取振动响应,如图9所示。在327.68 s内,液位从3.5 m下降到0.1 m,液位随时间的变化如图10所示。加速度传感器在液位降至3.5 m时开始测量结构的振动响应,采样频率设为200 Hz,共产生65536个加速度响应数据。此外,通过设置35组不同液面高度的时不变“时间冻结”实验,参考液位变化规律即可得到时变实验对应时刻的模态参数参考值[39]
基于上述时变动力学实验中的实测加速度响应数据,图1112分别给出了WL=10 s和WL=3 s时的固有频率辨识结果,图中红色点线为固有频率辨识结果,蓝色虚线为“时间冻结”实验得到的固有频率参考值[39],其中第一阶为悬挂刚体模态,后五阶为弹性模态。对比图1112可知,较大的滑动窗长度可有效降低辨识结果的方差,虚假模态更少,但对固有频率的跟踪能力较弱,会出现局部的跟踪偏差,上述规律与数值算例所得结论基本相同。
在变质量充液筒结构的时变动力学实验中,由于激励点靠近第一阶弹性模态的振型节点,导致第一阶弹性模态未被有效激发,因此辨识结果较差[39]。为进一步获取第一阶弹性模态,可对加速度响应数据进行40 Hz重采样,再执行上述辨识流程。图13给出了WL=10 s时的第一阶固有频率辨识结果,结果表明,当观测数据中第一阶弹性模态的占比较大时,递推DMD方法依旧可以对其进行高精度的辨识。
上述辨识结果表明,递推DMD方法能够基于实测加速度响应数据对变质量充液筒结构系统的时变模态进行仅输出辨识,准确获取其固有频率随时间的变化规律。总体而言,递推DMD方法辨识精度较高,具备仅输出递推辨识能力,且对噪声的敏感性较低,未来有望进一步应用于大型工程结构的工作模态分析。
面向工程时变结构的工作模态分析需求,本文提出了基于DMD的时变模态仅输出递推辨识方法。一方面,借鉴投影近似子空间跟踪算法和滑动窗思想对现有DMD方法进行理论拓展,提出了DMD方法的递推格式,实现了时变模态仅输出递推辨识。另一方面,分别基于时变质量三自由度结构系统数值算例和变质量充液筒结构系统实验平台对所提递推DMD方法的有效性进行验证,结果表明,所提递推DMD方法能够仅基于结构系统的振动响应数据准确辨识得到其时变模态,具备良好的仅输出递推辨识能力,为工程时变结构的工作模态分析提供了有效途径。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272258)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11802201)
  • 战略火箭创新基金资助项目(ZH2022001)
  • 天津市青年人才托举工程(TJSQNTJ-2020-01)
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2025年第38卷第4期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.002
  • 接收时间:2023-07-23
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-23
  • 修回日期:2023-10-09
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272258)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(11802201)
战略火箭创新基金资助项目(ZH2022001)
天津市青年人才托举工程(TJSQNTJ-2020-01)
作者信息
    1.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350
    2.天津市非线性动力学与控制重点实验室,天津 300350
    3.北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京 100076

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马志赛(1988—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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