Article(id=1228805177965211906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688659200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-07, revisedDate=1695744000000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899584522, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899584522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899584522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899584522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=827, endPage=837, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805178221064456, articleId=1228805177965211906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Seismic strengthening of RC frame structure with web-type plate, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the whole seismic performance of the frame structure,especially the beam-column joint,a new seismic reinforcement method is proposed for reinforced concrete frame structure with adding a web-type plate. The internal force optimum can be achieved by setting the web-type plate at a certain region between frame beams,and the bending moment of the beam-column joint will decrease. A multiple seismic defense lines frame structure can be formed with the web-type plate. A typical frame structure of 10 stories is designed as a case study. The effects of the layout,linear stiffness ratio,and reinforcement of the web-type plate on the structural performance are analyzed. The reinforcement ratio of the web-type plate to the column and beam is proposed. The seismic analysis shows that the lateral stiffness of the structure is improved,meanwhile the bending moment of the beam-column joint is reduced. The optimum layout position of the web-type plate is 0.3 and 0.7 of the beam span,and the suggested linear stiffness ratio of the web-type plate to column and beam are 0.7~1.5 and 3.5~7,respectively. Further,a suggested reinforcement ratio of the web-type plate is given by nonlinear parametric analysis to ensure that the plate yields first as designed. The nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis of an actual engineering project that seismic upgrading with the web-type plate is undertaken. The analysis results show that the lateral displacement,and the inter-story drift ratio of the structure with web-type plate are reduced. Compared with the structure before upgrading,the plastic hinges are reduced. The seismic performance of the frame structure reinforced with the web-type plate is improved. The analysis verify that the proposed strengthening method with web-type plate was reasonable and feasible.

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针对目前框架结构整体抗震性能提升时节点加固困难等问题,提出了一种附加腹板的框架结构抗震加固方法,通过布置腹板,使梁上出现多个弯矩峰值点,从而优化内力分布,减小框架梁、柱节点内力,形成具有多道抗震防线的框架结构。以10层框架结构为研究对象,分析腹板布置位置和刚度对结构内力的影响规律,研究了腹板配筋对结构抗震性能的影响,提出腹板配筋系数以表征腹板与框架梁配筋比值关系。结果表明,附加腹板后结构刚度提高,框架梁、柱节点内力减小。当腹板布置在梁跨的0.3l和0.7l处,腹板与框架柱和框架梁的线刚度比在0.7~1.5和3.5~7之间时,内力调节作用较好。通过非线性损伤分析,给出了腹板配筋系数设计建议值,从而实现预设的腹板先屈服的破坏机制。以某实际工程为算例,对原结构和附加腹板加固结构进行了非线性动力时程分析。结果表明,附加腹板后结构总体侧移和层间位移角减小,出铰率小于原结构,附加腹板后的框架结构抗震性能提高,说明所提附加腹板的设计方法合理可行。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李书蓉(1988—),女,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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岳庆霞(1979—),女,博士,教授。E-mail:

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Linear stiffness ratios of web-type plate to frame beam and frame column

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腹板/mm2αβ
200×6000.331.52
200×8000.793.63
200×10001.547.07
200×14004.2319.41
), ArticleFig(id=1229121411768447676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

腹板与框架梁、柱的线刚度比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腹板/mm2αβ
200×6000.331.52
200×8000.793.63
200×10001.547.07
200×14004.2319.41
), ArticleFig(id=1229121411969774288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison analysis of structural modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态M0M-600M-800M-1000M-1400
周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型
11.075Y1.070X1.073X1.076X1.081X
21.063X0.967Y0.914Y0.887Y0.851Y
30.964T0.918T0.884T0.866T0.841T
周期比0.900.860.820.810.78
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412045271763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结构模态对比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态M0M-600M-800M-1000M-1400
周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型周期/s振型
11.075Y1.070X1.073X1.076X1.081X
21.063X0.967Y0.914Y0.887Y0.851Y
30.964T0.918T0.884T0.866T0.841T
周期比0.900.860.820.810.78
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412141740761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Dimensions of structural members

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要构件截面尺寸/mm2
框架柱900×900~600×600
框架梁、连梁800×450、750×450、750×400、750×350、
700×300、600×300、500×250、500×200、
400×200
腹板250×850、250×1000
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412280152805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

构件尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要构件截面尺寸/mm2
框架柱900×900~600×600
框架梁、连梁800×450、750×450、750×400、750×350、
700×300、600×300、500×250、500×200、
400×200
腹板250×850、250×1000
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412481479408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Concrete strength grades of main structural members

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层混凝土强度等级
腹板
1~5层C55C30C30
6~10层C50C30C30
11~16层C45C30C30
17~21层C40C30C30
22~24层C35C30C30
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412615697144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

结构主要构件的混凝土强度等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层混凝土强度等级
腹板
1~5层C55C30C30
6~10层C50C30C30
11~16层C45C30C30
17~21层C40C30C30
22~24层C35C30C30
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412724749057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Details of ground motions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地震地点时间PGA
TRB1Chi-Chi-Taiwan_No_1202中国台湾19990.26g
TRB2Kobe-Japan_No_1116日本大阪19950.25g
TRB3Chi-Chi-Taiwan-06_No_3275中国台湾19990.20g
TRB4Imperial Valley-06_No_185美国加利福尼亚洲19790.26g
TRB5Chi-Chi-Taiwan-04_No_2708中国台湾19990.11g
), ArticleFig(id=1229121412842189576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805177965211906, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

地震动参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地震地点时间PGA
TRB1Chi-Chi-Taiwan_No_1202中国台湾19990.26g
TRB2Kobe-Japan_No_1116日本大阪19950.25g
TRB3Chi-Chi-Taiwan-06_No_3275中国台湾19990.20g
TRB4Imperial Valley-06_No_185美国加利福尼亚洲19790.26g
TRB5Chi-Chi-Taiwan-04_No_2708中国台湾19990.11g
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附加腹板的混凝土框架结构抗震加固研究
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岳庆霞 1, 2 , 于一浦 1 , 李书蓉 1, 2 , 张鑫 1, 2 , 王妍 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 827-837
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 827-837
附加腹板的混凝土框架结构抗震加固研究
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岳庆霞1, 2 , 于一浦1, 李书蓉1, 2 , 张鑫1, 2, 王妍3
作者信息
  • 1.山东建筑大学土木工程学院,山东 济南 250101
  • 2.山东建筑大学建筑结构加固改造与地下空间工程教育部重点实验室,山东 济南 250101
  • 3.山东建固特种专业工程有限公司,山东 济南 250101
  • 岳庆霞(1979—),女,博士,教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李书蓉(1988—),女,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Seismic strengthening of RC frame structure with web-type plate
Qingxia YUE1, 2 , Yipu YU1, Shurong LI1, 2 , Xin ZHANG1, 2, Yan WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Building Structural Retrofitting and Underground Space Engineering,Ministry of Education,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China
  • 3.Shandong Jiangu Special Professional Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250101,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.018
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针对目前框架结构整体抗震性能提升时节点加固困难等问题,提出了一种附加腹板的框架结构抗震加固方法,通过布置腹板,使梁上出现多个弯矩峰值点,从而优化内力分布,减小框架梁、柱节点内力,形成具有多道抗震防线的框架结构。以10层框架结构为研究对象,分析腹板布置位置和刚度对结构内力的影响规律,研究了腹板配筋对结构抗震性能的影响,提出腹板配筋系数以表征腹板与框架梁配筋比值关系。结果表明,附加腹板后结构刚度提高,框架梁、柱节点内力减小。当腹板布置在梁跨的0.3l和0.7l处,腹板与框架柱和框架梁的线刚度比在0.7~1.5和3.5~7之间时,内力调节作用较好。通过非线性损伤分析,给出了腹板配筋系数设计建议值,从而实现预设的腹板先屈服的破坏机制。以某实际工程为算例,对原结构和附加腹板加固结构进行了非线性动力时程分析。结果表明,附加腹板后结构总体侧移和层间位移角减小,出铰率小于原结构,附加腹板后的框架结构抗震性能提高,说明所提附加腹板的设计方法合理可行。

抗震加固  /  框架结构  /  附加腹板  /  时程分析

To improve the whole seismic performance of the frame structure,especially the beam-column joint,a new seismic reinforcement method is proposed for reinforced concrete frame structure with adding a web-type plate. The internal force optimum can be achieved by setting the web-type plate at a certain region between frame beams,and the bending moment of the beam-column joint will decrease. A multiple seismic defense lines frame structure can be formed with the web-type plate. A typical frame structure of 10 stories is designed as a case study. The effects of the layout,linear stiffness ratio,and reinforcement of the web-type plate on the structural performance are analyzed. The reinforcement ratio of the web-type plate to the column and beam is proposed. The seismic analysis shows that the lateral stiffness of the structure is improved,meanwhile the bending moment of the beam-column joint is reduced. The optimum layout position of the web-type plate is 0.3 and 0.7 of the beam span,and the suggested linear stiffness ratio of the web-type plate to column and beam are 0.7~1.5 and 3.5~7,respectively. Further,a suggested reinforcement ratio of the web-type plate is given by nonlinear parametric analysis to ensure that the plate yields first as designed. The nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis of an actual engineering project that seismic upgrading with the web-type plate is undertaken. The analysis results show that the lateral displacement,and the inter-story drift ratio of the structure with web-type plate are reduced. Compared with the structure before upgrading,the plastic hinges are reduced. The seismic performance of the frame structure reinforced with the web-type plate is improved. The analysis verify that the proposed strengthening method with web-type plate was reasonable and feasible.

seismic strengthening  /  frame structure  /  additional web-type plate  /  time-history analysis
岳庆霞, 于一浦, 李书蓉, 张鑫, 王妍. 附加腹板的混凝土框架结构抗震加固研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 827 -837 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.018
Qingxia YUE, Yipu YU, Shurong LI, Xin ZHANG, Yan WANG. Seismic strengthening of RC frame structure with web-type plate[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 827 -837 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.018
中国是一个地震多发的国家,绝大多数省份均发生过6.0级以上的地震,经统计,发现的地震灾害主要来自建筑结构的破坏或倒塌[1]。中国颁布的第五代《中国地震动参数区划图》(GB 18306—2015)[2],部分地区的抗震设防烈度提高,对新建建筑物可依据新的抗震设防要求进行设计,以满足抗震设防的要求。但对既有结构来说,由于抗震设防要求的提高,抗震能力往往不能满足要求,抗震加固是提高其抗震性的一种有效途径[3]
《建筑抗震加固技术规程》(JGJ 116—2009)[4]中指明,加固方案应“加强整体性,改善构件的受力状况,提高综合抗震能力”。因此,抗震加固应以考虑整体抗震性能提升为基本出发点[5]。然而,目前既有结构的抗震加固以构件加固为主,对承载能力或变形能力不足以及抗震构造措施不满足现行规范要求的构件或节点进行加固,这种以构件加固为主的方式加固量大,对既有结构的使用及装修影响大,并且还可能导致结构薄弱部位转移、破坏机制发生变化,《建筑抗震加固技术规程》(JGJ 116—2009)[4]中明确指出,“加固或新增构件的布置,应消除或减少不利因素,防止局部加强导致结构刚度或强度突变”。
对于建筑结构来说,提高其抗侧能力是改善其抗震性能的关键。尤其对于高层框架结构来说,若能在尽量减小对结构影响的前提下,提高结构的抗侧刚度,从而达到提高整体性能的目的,将为量大面广的既有建筑的加固提供一条良好的思路[6-7]。为此,从建筑结构整体抗震性能的角度出发,提出在框架结构中布置一定数量的腹板,使其在地震作用下为结构提供抗侧力的同时又可以耗散地震输入的能量,起到一定分灾作用的加固方法。腹板的概念可以追溯至赵玉星等[8-9]提出的一种在两层(或多层)梁间加设带有一定刚度的剪弯杆,调整结构弯矩峰值的分布,从而优化内力分布,使得梁上的弯矩趋于均衡,附加腹板后框架结构弯矩示意图如图1所示,腹板在结构受力中以剪力和弯矩为主。张鑫等[10-11]和李安起等[12]通过试验研究及有限元分析得出:附加腹板转换结构是一种性能良好的结构形式,能更好地利用建筑空间,并应用于山东大学电力实验楼增层工程中。李安起等[13]通过在既有钢筋混凝土框架梁上增设腹板,进而改变抽柱托换后框架梁的弯矩分布,实现在保证净空的前提下对既有框架结构进行抽柱托换。
已有研究表明,腹板对框架结构内力的调节作用显著,不仅能降低峰值弯矩,使结构弯矩分布合理,而且可以充分发挥构件的性能。另外,前期的研究主要集中在附加腹板的框架结构在竖向荷载下结构弯矩的优化方面,针对附加腹板的框架结构的抗震性能还未见详细系统的研究。基于此,本文提出附加腹板加固框架结构的方法,通过附加腹板调节框架内力分布,同时腹板作为第一道抗震防线。基于一典型高层框架结构,分析附加腹板后框架结构的受力变化、屈服顺序以及破坏机制等,揭示腹板的布置位置和刚度对框架结构内力分布的影响规律,研究腹板配筋对框架结构抗震性能的影响,提出附加腹板的框架结构抗震加固初步设计方法,最后以某实际工程为算例验证附加腹板的加固效果。
参照《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ 3—2002)[14]和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 0011—2001)[15]设计了一典型的10层钢筋混凝土框架结构。结构总高度为33 m,层高为3.3 m。框架柱截面尺寸为600 mm×600 mm,框架梁截面尺寸为250 mm×600 mm,板厚为100 mm。纵筋和箍筋分别采用HRB400级钢筋和HPB300级钢筋,底层框架柱混凝土强度等级为C40,其他层框架柱和框架梁采用C35级混凝土。楼面恒荷载为5 kN/m2,活荷载为2 kN/m2;屋面恒荷载为6 kN/m2,活荷载为2.5 kN/m2;场地类别为Ⅲ类,设计地震分组为第一组。现设防烈度由7度(0.1g)提高至8度(0.2g),结构弹性阶段层间位移角不满足规范要求,需对原结构进行抗震加固。采用在原结构中增设腹板的加固方法。考虑结构的抗震性能目标、工程经济和建筑物使用功能的要求等,在轴线2和5上布置腹板,如图2所示。腹板作为后加结构构件,与原结构的连接采用化学植筋的方式,如图3所示。
采用ETABS软件建立有限元模型,框架梁、框架柱及腹板采用空间杆单元,中间为弹性段,两端为塑性区,塑性区长度分别为梁高和柱高的一半。框架梁两端采用弯矩-转角模型,框架柱和腹板塑性区选用纤维截面模拟。混凝土滞回模型采用Takeda模型,考虑箍筋对混凝土的约束作用;钢筋滞回模型采用Kinematic模型,初始弹性模量为ES,屈服后的强化模量取为0.01ES。楼板采用膜单元[16]
腹板的布置位置一般以竖向荷载下梁上弯矩峰值相等为基本布置原则,一般应布置在竖向荷载下杆端转角较大的位置处[17-18]。腹板的布置位置分别为0.2l、0.8l处和0.3l、0.7l处,分别记为M-0.2l和M-0.3l,其中l为框架梁的跨度,腹板尺寸均为200 mm×800 mm,未加固原结构记为M0。选取典型构件说明附加腹板对结构内力的影响,为方便描述,选取的构件及其命名如图4所示。图4中,L1和L2表示框架梁,Z1、Z2和Z3表示框架柱。
为了对比结构内力在地震作用下的分布情况,对结构运用振型分解反应谱法进行分析。选取其中具有代表性的一层进行内力分析,图5为第六层框架梁L2的弯矩和剪力。可以看出,附加腹板后框架梁L2上出现多个弯矩峰值,梁中弯矩最大值在腹板-框架梁、节点处,框架梁、柱节点处的弯矩显著减小。模型M-0.3l框架梁上弯矩峰值之间较模型M-0.2l更均衡。
图67分别为水平地震荷载下第一层、第三层、第六层框架梁L1和L2的弯矩、剪力峰值变化图。由图可知,与原结构相比,不布置腹板轴线上的框架梁L1的弯矩、剪力显著减小,且模型M-0.3l的调幅效果优于M-0.2l。而布置腹板轴线上的梁L2,由于该轴线侧向刚度增大,附加腹板后轴线2的梁弯矩和剪力均有所增大。比较模型M-0.2l和M-0.3l,两者中的弯矩峰值分别增大18.2%和2.56%,则M-0.3l模型更优。
腹板位置对框架柱弯矩和剪力的影响规律相同,为节省篇幅,以弯矩为例,图8为水平地震荷载下框架柱的弯矩峰值变化图。由图8可知,附加腹板后,对柱的内力影响不大,另外,随着腹板布置位置与边柱距离的增加,框架柱Z1的弯矩减小,而框架柱Z2的弯矩略有增大,但附加腹板后框架柱的弯矩均小于原结构。
综上分析结果,腹板布置在0.3l和0.7l处时,对框架梁、柱的调节效果优于腹板布置在0.2l和0.8l处。后续将腹板布置在0.3l和0.7l位置处进行腹板尺寸的对比分析。
设计了4种不同的腹板尺寸,分别为200 mm×600 mm、200 mm×800 mm、200 mm×1000 mm、200 mm×1400 mm,其与原框架梁、柱的线刚度比如表1所示。根据前文分析结果,腹板的位置选用0.3l和0.7l处。附加不同腹板尺寸的结构分别命名为M-600、M-800、M-1000、M-1400。
表2为原结构及不同尺寸腹板加固后的前3阶模态对比。在Y方向增设腹板后,结构Y方向的刚度增大,周期减小,1阶振型由原结构的Y方向平动变为X方向平动,随着腹板刚度的增大,结构的周期比减小,有效降低了结构的扭转效应。
图9为原结构及附加腹板结构在Y方向的层间位移角。由图9可知,原结构的最大层间位移角为1/535,超出规范[15]规定的1/550限值。附加腹板之后,M-600结构的最大层间位移角为1/628,较M0结构减小14.7%。说明附加腹板后层间位移角得到有效控制。腹板刚度越大,结构层间位移角的改善效果越显著。
(1)框架梁内力
图1011分别为水平地震荷载下梁L1和L2的弯矩、剪力峰值随腹板与框架梁、柱线刚度比的变化图。由图可知,框架梁L1的弯矩和剪力随腹板刚度的增加而减小,当β>7时,腹板对框架梁内力的调节效果不再明显。框架梁L2的弯矩和剪力随腹板刚度的增加而增加,因此,腹板刚度不宜过大,以避免轴线2框架梁剪压比超限。另外,分析发现,随着腹板尺寸的增大,L2的弯矩峰值位置由梁、柱节点处变为框架梁-腹板节点处,即随腹板刚度的增加,弯矩不利位置发生了转移。
(2)框架柱内力
框架柱弯矩和剪力随腹板尺寸的增加而减小,但当β>7(腹板尺寸为250 mm×1000 mm)时,继续增大腹板刚度,腹板对框架柱内力的调节作用不再明显,框架柱的弯矩峰值变化如图12所示。
综上分析结果,当腹板与框架柱线刚度比α介于0.7~1.5之间,腹板与框架梁线刚度比β介于3.5~7之间时,腹板既可以对框架梁、柱进行很好地调幅,又能为结构提供一定的抗侧刚度。
结构在大震下进入弹塑性变形阶段,进入该阶段后,结构的屈服顺序将是关注的重点,而结构构件配筋将会影响结构的屈服顺序。若腹板配筋较大,腹板屈服较晚或不屈服,框架梁或框架柱先于腹板破坏;若腹板配筋率过小,较早发生屈服,无法起到分担剪力及弯矩的作用,同样会增大同层构件的损伤。故腹板的配筋会影响附加腹板框架结构的屈服机制和抗震性能。因此,提出配筋系数γ来表示腹板与框架梁的配筋关系:
式中,η1表示腹板实配抗弯承载力与弯矩设计值之比;η2表示与腹板相连框架梁的实配抗弯承载力与弯矩设计值之比。
腹板位于0.3l和0.7l处,腹板截面尺寸为200 mm×800 mm,改变腹板配筋,设计了3个附加腹板框架结构模型,配筋系数γ分别为0.7、1.0和1.3,模型记为M-0.7、M-1.0和M-1.3。对3个附加腹板的框架结构和传统框架结构进行了多遇地震、设防地震、罕遇地震作用下的动力时程分析,对比分析腹板框架结构的抗震性能。
根据场地类别和设计地震分组,选取了2条地震动记录和1条人工波。地震波加速度时程如图13所示,地震波反应谱与规范谱对比如图14所示。由于在结构Y方向布置腹板,分析时地震波采用Y方向输入。结构阻尼比取为0.05。多遇地震、设防地震和罕遇地震的峰值加速度分别为70、200和400 gal。
图15为结构在多遇地震、设防地震和罕遇地震作用下Y方向层间位移角的包络值,附加腹板结构的层间位移角在地震作用下显著减小。在多遇地震和设防地震不同腹板配筋下,结构层间位移角相差不大。罕遇地震作用下三种模型中M-0.7的层间位移角最大,说明配筋系数γ较小时,腹板过早发生屈服,层间位移角增大;M-1.0的层间位移角最小。
根据标准ASCE/SEI 41—2023[16],结构的性能水平分为立即使用(IO)、生命安全(LS)和预防倒塌(CP),并规定了各性能指标在不同性能水平下的限值。此处采用梁、柱构件的塑性转角为性能指标,用DS来表示,评价结构的损伤情况。
多遇地震作用下原结构和附加腹板结构损伤都很小,所有构件都处于“立即使用”阶段,即震后结构基本保持震前的刚度和强度,结构不需要进行加固处理,可以直接使用。
图1617分别为设防地震和罕遇地震作用下的结构损伤图。从图中可以看出,设防地震作用下,结构进入非线性,M0的1~4层框架梁和底层柱进入LS阶段。附加腹板后,轴线1的框架梁损伤显著减小,只有1~2层部分框架梁进入LS阶段,且M-1.0的框架梁损伤最小,所有的框架柱都处于IO阶段。随着腹板配筋增大(γ增大),附加腹板框架结构的屈服顺序由腹板先屈服变为与腹板相连的框架梁先屈服,但是梁、柱节点的损伤显著减小。罕遇地震作用下,与传统框架结构M0相比,附加腹板框架结构轴线1的框架梁和底层框架柱损伤显著减小,且M-1.0的损伤最小。传统结构轴线2的底层框架柱都进入CP阶段,而附加腹板结构的框架柱损伤减小,只有一个角柱进入CP阶段。腹板配筋较小时,腹板损伤严重,M-0.7中部分腹板超过CP临界点,达到“倒塌”状态。当腹板配筋较多(M-1.3)时,腹板除底层外,其余都处于IO阶段,与腹板相连的框架梁损伤严重且损伤向上发展。
图18为罕遇地震作用下各类构件的非线性耗能占比。从图18中可以看出,附加腹板后框架梁和框架柱的非线性耗能均减小,且腹板的耗能随着配筋的增大而减小。以TRB1地震波为例,与模型M0相比,模型M-0.7、M-1.0和M-1.3框架梁的耗能分别减小了13%、9%和3%;框架柱的耗能分别减小了4%、5%和5%。 M-1.3模型框架梁的耗能与原结构相近,这主要是因为附加腹板后,当腹板配筋过大(γ=1.3)时,腹板为弹性或较晚进入屈服阶段,框架梁-腹板节点处框架梁的内力增大,框架梁先于腹板屈服,框架梁的耗能增加。
综合结构损伤和能量耗散分析结果,配筋系数γ的值建议取为1。
腹板的设计包括布置位置、尺寸及配筋。具体方法如下:(1)确定腹板的位置,腹板的布置应尽量减少地震的扭转效应,宜布置在不满足规范[14-15]要求的构件附近以对其进行内力调幅,腹板宜布置在梁0.3l和0.7l处;(2)腹板的截面尺寸宜满足其与相连框架梁的线刚度比介于3.5~7之间,与相邻框架柱的线刚度比介于0.7~1.5之间;(3)腹板的配筋根据配筋系数γ确定,建议取为1。
山东省济宁市某医院总高91.8 m,主体结构为24层框架-剪力墙结构,设计使用年限为50年。建筑结构安全等级为二级,结构重要性系数为1.0,场地类别为Ⅲ类,设计地震分组为三组,场地特征周期为0.65 s,框架抗震等级为三级。框架柱、框架梁等主要构件的截面尺寸如表3所示。框架柱混凝土采用C35~C55,框架梁及附加腹板的混凝土采用C30,具体如表4所示。钢筋采用HRB400级钢筋。
由于使用功能的改变和新一代地震区划的提出,结构设防烈度由6度提高为7度,设防类别由丙类提高为乙类。通过计算发现存在部分框架梁或者连梁抗剪承载力不足的问题。
根据所提腹板设计方法,腹板的布置如图19所示,腹板布置于梁0.3l和0.7l处。腹板尺寸分别为250 mm×850 mm、250 mm×1000 mm。布置腹板后,原超限构件剪压比已满足规范要求。
选取7条地震波,其中5条天然波、2条人工波,5条天然波的地震动参数如表5所示,其中,PGA表示地震动峰值加速度。
多遇地震、设防地震和罕遇地震作用下原结构与附加腹板结构Y方向层间位移角最大值的平均值如图20所示。从图20中可以看出,腹板有效控制了结构的层间位移角,与原结构相比,附加腹板后结构Y方向楼层层间位移角分别减小了28.1%、29.4%和18.7%。
为了详细说明结构损伤情况,选用梁、柱构件塑性转角需求与能力比率(DS/C)表示构件所处性能状态。选取两榀典型框架,分别命名为K1和K2,位置如图21所示。经计算,结构损伤相对较小,罕遇地震作用下,未加固结构的构件均处于IO和LS阶段,加固后的结构损伤都处于IO阶段,为方便结果对比,C选取各构件性能水准IO的限值。罕遇地震作用下结构的需求与能力比如图22所示。
图22得出,附加腹板后框架的损伤明显减小,原结构中部分底层框架梁DS/C值超过1.0,而附加腹板后结构的最大DS/C值为0.7,所有构件都处于“立即入住”阶段。梁、柱节点处梁的最大DS/C值由1.0降为0.5,说明框架梁、柱节点的损伤显著减小,附加腹板后有效保护了框架节点。
基于腹板的作用机理,提出一种附加腹板的框架结构抗震加固方法。以10层框架结构为研究对象,揭示腹板位置、刚度对内力的影响规律,研究腹板配筋对加固后框架结构抗震性能的影响,提出附加腹板的初步设计方法。以某实际工程为算例,对腹板加固前、后结构的抗震性能进行对比。具体得到如下结论:
(1)附加腹板后,除与附加腹板相连框架梁剪力有所增加外,其余框架梁、柱弯矩、剪力均降低,且梁、柱节点处的弯矩减小。当腹板布置在梁0.3l和0.7l处,腹板与框架柱线刚度比α介于0.7~1.5之间,腹板与框架梁线刚度比β介于3.5~7之间时,内力调节作用较好。
(2)附加腹板后框架结构的刚度提高,层间位移角显著减小。腹板作为抗侧力构件参与耗能,与原结构相比,梁、柱节点损伤明显减小,框架梁、柱耗能降低。当结构形成腹板-框架梁-框架柱的屈服机制时,附加腹板的框架结构的抗震性能较好,腹板配筋系数值建议取为1。
(3)以某实际工程为算例,加固前后的非线性动力时程分析结果表明,与原结构相比,附加腹板后的框架结构层间位移角在多遇地震、设防地震和罕遇地震作用下分别减小了28.1%、29.4%和18.7%。框架的损伤,尤其是梁、柱节点处损伤显著减小。腹板加固后的框架结构抗震性能提高,说明所提腹板初步设计方法合理可行。
(4)本文提出了附加腹板加固框架结构的方法,并进行了初步分析。后续将进一步分析底层不布置腹板柱、其他层布置腹板加固框架结构的性能和相关构造,并结合耗能阻尼器,将腹板与减震技术相结合,提高结构韧性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52038006)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52208486)
  • 2019年度山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划项目
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2025年第38卷第4期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.018
  • 接收时间:2023-07-07
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-07
  • 修回日期:2023-09-27
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52038006)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52208486)
2019年度山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划项目
作者信息
    1.山东建筑大学土木工程学院,山东 济南 250101
    2.山东建筑大学建筑结构加固改造与地下空间工程教育部重点实验室,山东 济南 250101
    3.山东建固特种专业工程有限公司,山东 济南 250101

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李书蓉(1988—),女,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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