Article(id=1228805176987939065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688918400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-10, revisedDate=1694707200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899584290, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899584290, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899584290, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899584290, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=715, endPage=721, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805177231208700, articleId=1228805176987939065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Dynamic analysis of Duffing-van der Pol oscillators with fractional-order derivative and parametric excitation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The dynamic behavior of the Duffing-van der Pol oscillator with fractional-order derivative and parametric excitation is studied in this paper. The effects of various parameters on the amplitude-frequency curves of the system under the combined action of viscous inertia(1≤p≤2)and parametric excitation are analyzed. The system is analyzed by the averaging method,and the fractional-order derivative is treated by the concepts of equivalent linear damping and equivalent mass. The approximate analytical solution of the system is obtained and compared with the numerical solution. The curves of the two solutions agree well with each other to a large extent,which proves the correctness of the analytical solution. The influences of system parameters on the amplitude-frequency curve are analyzed. It is found that the resonance peak value,resonance frequency,resonance region,the range and the number of multivalued solutions are all affected by the system parameters. Through analysis,it is found that the external excitation amplitude and the coefficient of fractional-order derivative can suppress the effect of parametric excitation to some extent.

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对含有分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学行为进行了研究,分析了在黏惯性(1≤p≤2)和参数激励共同作用下系统的各项参数对系统幅频曲线的影响。采用平均法分析此系统,用等效线性阻尼和等效质量的概念处理分数阶微分项,得到系统的近似解析解。将所得近似解析解与数值解进行比较,二者具有较高的吻合度,证明了解析解的正确性。分析了系统参数对幅频响应曲线的影响,发现共振峰值、共振频率、共振区域、多值解的范围和解的数量都会受到系统参数的影响。经过分析发现,外激励幅值和分数阶微分项系数在一定程度上会抑制参数激励的效果。

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申永军(1973—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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崔腾达(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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崔腾达(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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含分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学分析
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崔腾达 1 , 申永军 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 715-721
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 715-721
含分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学分析
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崔腾达1 , 申永军1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北 石家庄 050043
  • 2.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043
  • 崔腾达(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

申永军(1973—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Dynamic analysis of Duffing-van der Pol oscillators with fractional-order derivative and parametric excitation
Tengda CUI1 , Yongjun SHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006
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对含有分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学行为进行了研究,分析了在黏惯性(1≤p≤2)和参数激励共同作用下系统的各项参数对系统幅频曲线的影响。采用平均法分析此系统,用等效线性阻尼和等效质量的概念处理分数阶微分项,得到系统的近似解析解。将所得近似解析解与数值解进行比较,二者具有较高的吻合度,证明了解析解的正确性。分析了系统参数对幅频响应曲线的影响,发现共振峰值、共振频率、共振区域、多值解的范围和解的数量都会受到系统参数的影响。经过分析发现,外激励幅值和分数阶微分项系数在一定程度上会抑制参数激励的效果。

非线性振动  /  分数阶微分项  /  黏惯性  /  参数激励  /  平均法

The dynamic behavior of the Duffing-van der Pol oscillator with fractional-order derivative and parametric excitation is studied in this paper. The effects of various parameters on the amplitude-frequency curves of the system under the combined action of viscous inertia(1≤p≤2)and parametric excitation are analyzed. The system is analyzed by the averaging method,and the fractional-order derivative is treated by the concepts of equivalent linear damping and equivalent mass. The approximate analytical solution of the system is obtained and compared with the numerical solution. The curves of the two solutions agree well with each other to a large extent,which proves the correctness of the analytical solution. The influences of system parameters on the amplitude-frequency curve are analyzed. It is found that the resonance peak value,resonance frequency,resonance region,the range and the number of multivalued solutions are all affected by the system parameters. Through analysis,it is found that the external excitation amplitude and the coefficient of fractional-order derivative can suppress the effect of parametric excitation to some extent.

nonlinear vibration  /  fractional-order derivative  /  viscous inertia  /  parametric excitation  /  averaging method
崔腾达, 申永军. 含分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 715 -721 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006
Tengda CUI, Yongjun SHEN. Dynamic analysis of Duffing-van der Pol oscillators with fractional-order derivative and parametric excitation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 715 -721 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006
许多学者研究了各类含有参数激励的非线性系统,分析得到不同非线性系统的振动特性和运动分岔情况[1-6]。含有参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol系统一直以来都是学者们所关注的问题之一,其可以描述许多含有参数激励的工程结构的振动过程,如:Euler动弯曲[7],受纵向干扰力平薄板的横向振动[8],塔架在风力下的振动[9]等问题,都是可以用含有参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol系统来描述振动的典型例子。
陈予恕等[10]对van der Pol-Duffing-Mathieu方程的主参数共振分岔解进行了研究,得到该系统依赖于参数变化的振动模式。 AGHAMOHAMMADI等[11]对参数激励和外激励联合作用下的Duffing振子进行了动力学分析,采用变幅法(MVA)预测系统在宽频和系统参数范围内的响应。BELHAQ等[12]、PANDEY等[13]分析了1:1和2:1锁频下van der Pol-Duffing-Mathieu系统的准周期运动响应。 FAN等[14]通过双摄动法对van der Pol-Mathieu系统进行研究,得到了在有/无外激励两种情况下的周期和拟周期运动近似解的包络线。李欣业等[15]对含参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子进行了动力学分析以及反馈控制,研究了其稳定性和分岔。上述研究对象都是用整数阶导数来描述的。
随着分数阶导数的发展,学者们发现用分数阶导数来描述具有记忆特性的材料或器件更加准确,从而开始研究分数阶导数在工程中的应用,如:黏弹性复合板的动力响应[16],建筑结构中含有分数阶器件的振动控制[17],具有鲁棒性分数阶PIλDμ控制器[18]等。随着分数阶导数的定义和计算方法逐渐完善,学者们逐渐开始研究含有分数阶导数和参数激励的系统。郭建斌等[19]研究了分数阶拟周期Mathieu方程,发现了方程稳定区域大小和过渡曲线位置会随分数阶微分项参数改变而产生不同程度的变化。WEN等[20]研究了分数阶时滞反馈下Mathieu-Duffing振子的动态响应,发现分数阶时滞反馈不仅可以延迟速度反馈,还可以延迟位移反馈。葛志新等[21]运用多尺度法研究了含分数阶导数阻尼的Mathieu振动方程,分析了分数阶阶次对解的影响。在现有研究中,黏弹性用分数阶描述已经比较完善,但是用分数阶导数描述黏惯性的文献较少。黏惯性是工程中的重点关注问题,如:板在黏性牛顿流体的运动[22],楔形梁在黏性流体中的强迫振动[23],轴向运动板在黏性流体中的左右两侧压力差[24]等。DUAN等[25]为了更好地区分黏弹性和黏惯性的系统,提到了等效线性阻尼和等效质量的概念。
目前关于含有分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子研究较少,尤其是分数阶次(1≤p≤2)的黏惯性系统。本文针对含有分数阶微分项(1≤p≤2)和参数激励联合作用下Duffing-van der Pol振子的动力学响应进行研究,主要分析了黏惯性和参数激励以及其他参数对系统幅频响应造成的影响。
含分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子模型为:
式中,mk分别为系统质量和线性刚度;B为参数激励系数;α1为非线性刚度系数;α2为非线性阻尼系数;K为分数阶微分项系数;p为分数阶微分项阶次(1≤p≤2);F为外激励幅值;ω为外激励频率。
这里使用Caputo型分数阶导数定义:
式中,u为中间变量;Γ(z)为Gamma函数,满足Γ(z+1)=zΓ(z)。
为方便计算,引入以下参数变换:
式(1)可变为:
为研究主共振的情况,即,其中ε为小参数,σ为调谐因子。式(3)可变为:
假设式(4)的解有以下形式:
式中,a为振幅;ϕ=ωt+θ,其中θ为相位。
根据平均法可得:
其中:
对式(6)右端部分进行积分平均。如果被积函数为周期函数,则T=2π;如果为非周期函数,则T=∞。所以式(6)中周期部分的积分为:
为计算非周期部分积分,引入两个基本公式:
可得出分数阶微分项积分,如下式所示:
将式(8)和(10)联合,可得:
将原参数代入式(11)中可得:
为了更好地区分分数阶微分项的阻尼和惯性特征,将C (p)和M (p)定义为系统的等效线性阻尼和等效质量[25]
当分数阶微分项系数K增大或减小时,等效线性阻尼C (p)以及等效质量M (p)会随之增大或减小。分数阶微分项所表现的阻尼和惯性特征的强弱不止与系数K有关,分数阶微分项阶次p在其中也起到了决定性作用。与分数阶微分项(0≤p≤1)不同,此系统中的分数阶微分项表示黏惯性(1≤p≤2)。当分数阶微分项阶次p减小至p→1时,此时C (p)=-α2,分数阶微分项几乎等效为线性阻尼,不呈现惯性特征;而当分数阶微分项阶次p增大至p→2时,此时M (p)=m,分数阶微分项几乎等效为质量,不呈现阻尼特征。此系统中的分数阶微分项可以分解为惯性力和阻尼力,因此可以通过调节分数阶阶次使阻尼特征和惯性特征均达到令人满意的效果。
令式(12)中的得到关于稳态振幅ã和相位的方程:
化简可得式(1)的稳态解的幅频曲线方程和相频曲线方程:
其中:
为研究定常解的稳定性,令a=ãa,其中,Δa和Δθ为振幅扰动量,代入式(15)得到:
在稳态解处,由式(19)得到雅可比矩阵:
其中:
根据式(20),得到系统的特征方程:
式中,P=tr (J),Q=det (J)。
根据Lyapunov第一方法,系统定常解的稳定性条件为P < 0且Q > 0,因此系统定常解稳定需满足以下条件:
为验证所求近似解析解的正确性,取一组参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.1,α2=0.05,B=0.2,K=0.1,p=1.1和F=0.1,将式(1)中的分数阶微分项以等效质量和等效线性阻尼的形式表示,利用四阶龙格-库塔法,选取计算时间500 s,取稳态解的最大值作为响应幅值,所得数值结果在图1中由红色圆圈表示。由式(16)得到系统的解析解,在图1中由蓝色实线表示,其中虚线表示不稳定解。将解析解与数值解进行对比,图2图1的局部放大图。从图12中可以看出,解析解和数值解具有较高的吻合度,说明本文所得结果具有较高的精度。
图1可以看出系统最多有3个稳定解。为更直观地解释此系统响应的复杂性,取ω=1.2,将不同取值的(aθ)代入式(12)中进行计算,得到ω=1.2时的吸引域图,如图3所示,其中P1P2P3为稳定解,P4P5为不稳定解。从图3中可以看出,从任意区域出发的点,最后都会被吸引到三个稳定解处,只有各个区域交界处的点才有可能被吸引到不稳定解处,但稍微一点扰动就又会被吸引到稳定解处。
对系统非线性刚度系数α1进行研究,分析其对幅频曲线的影响。选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α2=0.05,B=0.2,K=0.1,p=1.1和F=0.1,分别取α1为0.10、0.15、0.20和0.25时,幅频曲线变化如图4所示。从图4中可见,随着α1的逐渐增大,系统振幅的最大值逐渐减小,整体曲线逐渐向右偏移,因此系统共振频率逐渐增大,多解区域逐渐增大。由此可知非线性刚度系数α1的变化会影响系统的共振幅值和共振频率。
为研究非线性阻尼系数α2对幅频曲线的影响,选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.03,B=0.1,K=0.01,p=1.5和F=0.1。取α2分别为0.10、0.15、0.20和0.25时,幅频曲线变化如图5所示。从图5中可以看出,随着非线性阻尼系数α2的逐渐增大,幅频曲线的最大幅值逐渐减小,并且增大到一定程度后,下方两侧曲线开始向内凹陷,逐渐形成闭合曲线,内圆部分逐渐减小,曲线特征由内圆结构向外圆结构转变。
为研究外激励幅值F对幅频响应的影响,选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.1,α2=0.05,B=0.2,K=0.1和p=1.1。 F分别取0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4时,幅频曲线变化如图6所示。从图6中可以发现,随着外激励幅值F的逐渐增大,系统振动幅值逐渐增大,曲线的内圆结构随着F的增大逐渐消失,多值解的范围逐渐减小,解的数量减少。因此在该系统中,外激励幅值F对参激振动有一定的抑制作用。
研究系统参激系数B对系统幅频曲线的影响。选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.1,α2=0.05,K=0.1,p=1.1和F=0.1,分别取系统参激系数B为0.15、0.20、0.25和0.30时,所得结果如图7所示。从图7中可以看出,随着参激系数B的增大,幅频曲线的幅值也在逐渐增大,整个曲线表现出整体放大的特点,即不仅外围轮廓增大,内圆也随之增大。因此参激系数B既可以改变系统振幅的大小,还可以改变系统共振频带的宽窄。
为研究分数阶微分项系数K对幅频曲线的影响,选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.1,α2=0.05,B=0.2,K=0.1,p=1.1和F=0.1。分数阶微分项系数K分别取0.10、0.14、0.17和0.20时,系统幅频曲线的变化如图8所示。由图8可见,随着分数阶微分项系数K的增大,等效质量增大,幅频曲线向左偏移,系统共振区域减小,共振频率逐渐减小;并且等效线性阻尼也增大,系统振动幅值逐渐减小。由图8还可以看出,内圆逐渐减小并最终消失,解的数量减少,由最多三个稳定解减少到最多两个稳定解,并且由变化趋势预测最后会减少到一个稳定解;多值解的范围逐渐减小,单值解的范围逐渐增大,并且不稳定区域逐渐减小,说明分数阶微分项系数K在一定程度上可以抑制参数激励的效果,而且可以影响系统的多解性以及多解的范围。
为研究分数阶微分项阶次p对幅频曲线的影响,选取一组基本参数m=1,k=1,α1=0.1,α2=0.05,B=0.2,K=0.1和F=0.1。分数阶微分项阶次p分别取1.1、1.3、1.5和1.7时,系统幅频曲线的变化如图9所示。从图9中可以看出,随着分数阶微分项阶次p的增大,系统的等效质量增大,幅频曲线向左偏移,系统的共振区域变大,并且共振频率逐渐减小;同时系统的等效线性阻尼减小,系统的振动幅值逐渐增大。进一步还可以观察到随着阶次p的增大,不稳定区域逐渐增大,多值解区域逐渐增大,系统的稳定解个数最多有三个,单值解区域逐渐减小,系统稳定解个数为两个的区域,两条曲线逐渐重叠,使得解的个数不能明显地观察出来。这说明分数阶微分项阶次p不仅可以抑制此系统的振动幅值,还可以改变系统的共振频率、共振区域、不稳定区域以及多值解区域。
本文研究了含分数阶微分项和参数激励的Duffing-van der Pol振子的主共振响应,利用平均法求得系统的近似解析解,将解析解与数值解进行对比,两者基本吻合,验证了解析解的正确性,并通过吸引域图分析了系统解的复杂性。分析了黏惯性(1≤p≤2)和参数激励联合作用下不同参数对幅频曲线的影响,以及系统其他参数对系统幅频曲线的影响,发现分数阶微分项系数K和阶次p可以在一定程度上对不稳定区域、解的个数、共振区域、共振频率和共振幅值造成影响,并且分数阶微分项系数K可以抑制参数激励的效果。其他参数,如非线性刚度系数主要对系统共振频率产生影响、非线性阻尼系数和外激励幅值主要对系统幅值产生影响、参数激励系数主要对系统共振区域产生影响。这些结论对此类振子的设计及应用有一定的借鉴意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272242)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006
  • 接收时间:2023-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10
  • 修回日期:2023-09-15
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272242)
作者信息
    1.石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北 石家庄 050043
    2.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043

通讯作者:

申永军(1973—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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