Article(id=1228805176291689313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683475200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-08, revisedDate=1690646400000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899584124, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899584124, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899584124, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899584124, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=722, endPage=730, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805176526570339, articleId=1228805176291689313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Nonlinear dynamics of NW wind power transmission system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to accurately study the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of NW(internal and external meshing planetary gear train)wind power transmission system,this paper considers factors such as random wind speed,time-varying support stiffness,ring gear flexibility,time-varying meshing stiffness,transmission error,tooth flank clearance,and bearing clearance. A nonlinear dynamic model of the NW planetary gear-bearing system is established. Time history,FFT spectrum,Phase diagram,and Poincaré maps are used to describe the nonlinear characteristics of the system,and bifurcation diagrams and the maximum Lyapunov exponent are used to describe the influence of excitation frequency and meshing stiffness on the nonlinear behavior of the system in more detail. The results show that the NW planetary gear-bearing system has rich nonlinear characteristics. In a specific range of excitation frequencies,the system can enter a chaotic motion state,leading to instability. However,within a certain range of meshing stiffness,the system can operate stably.

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为了更加精确地求解NW(内外啮合行星轮系)风电传动系统的非线性动力学特性,考虑了随机风速、时变支撑刚度、齿圈柔性、时变啮合刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙、轴承游隙等因素,建立了NW行星齿轮-轴承系统的非线性动力学模型。利用时域图、频谱、相轨迹图、庞加莱截面图来描述系统的非线性特性,并用分岔图以及最大李雅普诺夫指数图描述激励频率与啮合刚度对系统非线性行为的影响。结果表明:NW行星齿轮-轴承系统具有丰富的非线性特征,激励频率在一定的范围内会导致系统进入混沌运动状态,发生失稳;啮合刚度在一定范围内可以保证系统平稳运行。

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莫帅(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805176291689313, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

NW wind power transmission system gear parameter[14]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
齿轮类别Zmn/mmα/(°)β/(°)B/mmM/kg
r9128204.05605690
p12228204.0560950
p28316207.24102320
s4016207.2410440
h1131101532.03655369
h220101532.0365125
), ArticleFig(id=1229121423722205942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805176291689313, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

NW风电传动系统齿轮参数[14]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
齿轮类别Zmn/mmα/(°)β/(°)B/mmM/kg
r9128204.05605690
p12228204.0560950
p28316207.24102320
s4016207.2410440
h1131101532.03655369
h220101532.0365125
), ArticleFig(id=1229121423843840767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805176291689313, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Basic parameters of the bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轴承类别Zbrbi/mmrbo/mmMb/kgcb/µm
pb11616024047180
pb211300365121160
sb121001805055
1b13350465295305
21b1240702.250
22b1340702.250
), ArticleFig(id=1229121423919338243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805176291689313, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

轴承参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轴承类别Zbrbi/mmrbo/mmMb/kgcb/µm
pb11616024047180
pb211300365121160
sb121001805055
1b13350465295305
21b1240702.250
22b1340702.250
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NW风电传动系统非线性动力学
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莫帅 1, 2, 3 , 刘翊恒 1, 2 , 黄轩 1, 2 , 张伟 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 722-730
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 722-730
NW风电传动系统非线性动力学
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莫帅1, 2, 3 , 刘翊恒1, 2, 黄轩1, 2, 张伟1
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
  • 2.广西大学机械工程学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 3.华中科技大学智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074

通讯作者:

莫帅(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Nonlinear dynamics of NW wind power transmission system
Shuai MO1, 2, 3 , Yiheng LIU1, 2, Xuan HUANG1, 2, Wei ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
  • 2.School of Mechanical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.007
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为了更加精确地求解NW(内外啮合行星轮系)风电传动系统的非线性动力学特性,考虑了随机风速、时变支撑刚度、齿圈柔性、时变啮合刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙、轴承游隙等因素,建立了NW行星齿轮-轴承系统的非线性动力学模型。利用时域图、频谱、相轨迹图、庞加莱截面图来描述系统的非线性特性,并用分岔图以及最大李雅普诺夫指数图描述激励频率与啮合刚度对系统非线性行为的影响。结果表明:NW行星齿轮-轴承系统具有丰富的非线性特征,激励频率在一定的范围内会导致系统进入混沌运动状态,发生失稳;啮合刚度在一定范围内可以保证系统平稳运行。

非线性动力学  /  NW行星齿轮  /  随机风速  /  时变支撑刚度  /  齿圈柔性

In order to accurately study the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of NW(internal and external meshing planetary gear train)wind power transmission system,this paper considers factors such as random wind speed,time-varying support stiffness,ring gear flexibility,time-varying meshing stiffness,transmission error,tooth flank clearance,and bearing clearance. A nonlinear dynamic model of the NW planetary gear-bearing system is established. Time history,FFT spectrum,Phase diagram,and Poincaré maps are used to describe the nonlinear characteristics of the system,and bifurcation diagrams and the maximum Lyapunov exponent are used to describe the influence of excitation frequency and meshing stiffness on the nonlinear behavior of the system in more detail. The results show that the NW planetary gear-bearing system has rich nonlinear characteristics. In a specific range of excitation frequencies,the system can enter a chaotic motion state,leading to instability. However,within a certain range of meshing stiffness,the system can operate stably.

nonlinear dynamics  /  NW planetary gears  /  random wind speed  /  time-varying support stiffness  /  ring gear flexibility
莫帅, 刘翊恒, 黄轩, 张伟. NW风电传动系统非线性动力学. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 722 -730 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.007
Shuai MO, Yiheng LIU, Xuan HUANG, Wei ZHANG. Nonlinear dynamics of NW wind power transmission system[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 722 -730 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.007
随着科技的不断发展,环境问题越来越被重视,可再生的绿色能源将逐步取代传统的石化能源,而风能正在渐渐成为最受欢迎的可再生绿色能源[1-2]。NW型风力发电机由于其结构紧凑、传输扭矩大等特点,在大功率发电机之中的应用愈发广泛。而风电齿轮箱是风力发电机组的重要组成部分,其工作稳定性决定整个风电机组的运动平稳性,因此十分有必要对其传动系统进行非线性动力学的研究。
许多学者针对齿面摩擦、时变啮合刚度等非线性因素对齿轮系统动力学进行了深入的研究[3-4]。HU等[5]、ZHANG等[6]研究了摩擦引起的温升、齿轮热变形等因素影响下的系统非线性动力学;LI等[7]改进了考虑时变齿侧间隙、多状态啮合、重合度等时变参数的齿轮副非线性动力学模型,对系统进行多状态啮合识别;MO等[8-10]研究了非正交面齿轮轴承系统的非线性全局行为演化过程,采用多尺度法、胞映射法描述系统全局行为的演化过程,并对机器人关节裂纹传动系统进行了研究分析;ZHANG等[11]考虑行星齿轮内外齿啮合的不同以及弹流润滑和边界润滑的混合作用,分析了风力机复合齿轮传动系统的分岔和混沌行为;张林等[12]考虑齿轮油膜刚度、时变支撑刚度等参数,建立了齿轮动力学模型;熊杨寿等[13]建立了考虑时变摩擦系数的离散化微线段齿轮动力学模型。
目前鲜见对含轴承的NW风电行星齿轮传动系统多参数耦合的非线性动力学的研究。本文将时变支撑刚度与齿圈柔性耦合进NW风电行星齿轮传动系统之中,研究其非线性动力学特性。
NW风电行星齿轮传动系统机构运动简图如图1所示。
图1中,r、p、s和h分别表示内齿圈、行星轮、太阳轮和人字齿轮。该系统由一级NW行星齿轮与一级平行轴人字齿轮组成,自然风带动叶片所产生的动力通过内齿圈r输入,由人字齿轮h2输出;TinTout分别为输入和输出转矩。
NW风电传动系统的动力来源于环境中的自然风,而自然风由于其随机性对系统的非线性动力学有着显著的影响,所以,在建立动力学模型时,不可忽略随机风速的影响。在本文中,采用双参数的Weibull模型对随机风速进行预测。由于风力发电机的叶片体积巨大,风速变化对NW风电传动系统的影响具有滞后性,在实际计算中,对风速的变化进行多项式拟合作为输入激励,拟合后的曲线如图2中红色曲线所示。
采取一阶傅里叶级数来近似表示齿轮副的啮合刚度:
式中,表示平均啮合刚度;表示啮合刚度的变化幅值;表示啮合频率;表示相位角,其中k=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ分别表示三级齿轮副。
以圆柱滚子轴承为例,推算轴承力。图3为圆柱滚子轴承模型,圆柱滚子轴承的内圈与旋转轴刚性连接,外圈与轴承座刚性连接,即轴承外圈的转速为0。轴承坐标系的中心与轴承内圈的圆心重合,轴线Oy与内齿圈轴线Oy重合。
图3所示,Zb为滚动体数目;ωbiωbn、ωbo分别为内圈、滚动体、外圈的旋转角速度;θi为第i个滚动体与x轴的夹角;rbirbo分别为内、外圈半径。
轴承受力后,内、外圈滚道曲率中心的中心距由l变为l′;滚动体与内、外圈滚道的接触角、接触力相等,未变形时初始接触角为γi,变形后接触角为δθ为滚动体的角度变形。受力后内、外圈曲率中心的中心距可由下式表示:
式中,xyz为沿坐标轴方向的振动位移。
滚动体的变形量表示为:
式中,c为滚动轴承游隙。
θi处滚动体受力变形后的接触角表示为:
则齿轮受轴承力轴向分量Fab和径向分量Frb分别为:
式中,Kb为轴承支撑刚度;Hδ)为Heaviside函数。当所求轴承为球轴承时n取为3/2,当所求轴承为滚子轴承时n取为10/9。
轴承力在轴承坐标系上的分量分别表示为:
NW风电行星齿轮传动系统的内齿圈直径巨大,且承受着较大的载荷,因此可以将内齿圈看成一个薄壁圆环,故内齿圈的柔性就不可忽视。如图4所示,本文采用离散的思想,将内齿圈分割成WW≥100)段,将内齿圈视为W块刚体与W块长度为0、等效刚度为Ke的弹簧所组成。图4中,Cm为啮合阻尼,Km为啮合刚度,et为综合传递误差。
图5所示,将齿圈微段间的等效弹簧分别沿着xy方向投影,相邻齿圈微段质心位置由Cr(i-1)、Cri、Cr(i+1)变为,根据位置关系,可以得到相邻齿圈微段间等效弹簧的相对位移沿各自xy方向的分量为:
式中,a= 2rcsin(φ/2)为齿圈微段质心Ci到连接弹簧处的距离,其中,rc为齿圈微段质心到齿圈圆心的距离,φ=π / Wζ=(π-φ)/ 2;φri为齿轮微段i的相位角,φri=ωr t+2π (i-1)/ Wuri为齿圈微段的扭转自由度;下标“ri”表示内齿圈第i段微段。
将所有齿轮的振动位移沿各自的啮合线投影,考虑传动误差,三级齿轮副啮合位移如下所示:
齿圈啮合微段与行星轮的相对啮合位移xn1为:
式中,为齿圈微段与行星轮j的相位角,其中为行星轮j的相位角,N=3为行星轮个数。
若啮合力作用点位于CiBi上,即满足π/W-[φri-2π(j-1)/N+arccos (rbr/rc)-αt]≤π/W,其中rbr为内齿圈基圆半径,则式(4)中的“±”取“-”;反之,则取“+”。
太阳轮与第j个行星轮的相对啮合位移xn2为:
式中,为太阳轮与第j个行星轮的相位角。
高速级人字齿轮副的相对啮合位移xn3为:
式中,为人字齿轮端面压力角;ek(t)(k=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)为齿轮副静态传递误差,,其中,为误差常量,为误差波动幅值,φ0为相位角,一般取φ0=0,ωm为齿轮副的啮合角频率,其值为输入轴转速频率ωs与齿轮齿数Z之积;βb为基圆螺旋角;下标“pj”“s”“1”和“2”分别表示第j个行星轮、太阳轮、人字齿轮1和人字齿轮2。
故三级齿轮副的啮合力分别为:
式中,f (xb)为齿侧间隙函数;b为齿侧间隙的一半。
在振动模型之中,齿轮与轴承分别视为集中质量且位于各自支撑中心,在斜齿轮副与人字齿轮副传动过程中,啮合力在齿轮坐标系下可以分解为xyz三个方向的分力。将内齿圈微段的坐标系建立在以其微段质心为中心的与内齿圈同步旋转的动坐标系之中,整个系统的自由度如下:
式中,uxyz分别表示扭转、x轴方向、y轴方向和z轴方向的自由度;下标“pb”“sb”“1b”和“2b”分别表示行星轮轴承、太阳轮轴承、人字齿轮1轴承和人字齿轮2轴承;上标“1”“2”分别表示内、外啮合行星轮。
由于振动微分方程中包含各种物理参数,且数量级相差巨大,为了避免计算时间过长,计算失败等情况,对系统微分方程组进行无量纲化处理。选用系统中间级齿轮副的固有频率ωn为时间尺度,中间级齿轮副齿侧间隙的一半b为位移尺度。
内齿圈啮合微段:
内齿圈不啮合微段:
行星轮轴承1:
内啮合行星轮:
行星轮轴承2:
外啮合行星轮:
太阳轮轴承1:
太阳轮:
人字齿轮1:
人字齿轮轴承1:
人字齿轮2:
人字齿轮轴承21:
人字齿轮轴承22:
式中,λi=ξ+φri+uriηi=ξ-φr( i-1)-uriq=r,pj,s,1,2,pb1,pb2,sb,1b,21b,22b;h=xyzk=xyzk=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ;u=in,out),其中,m为质量,Iri为内齿圈微段的转动惯量,Kk分别为刚度与无量纲化刚度,Cζ分别为阻尼与无量纲化阻尼,rb为齿轮基圆半径,fb为无量纲化轴承力,上、下标用以指代具体齿轮、轴承,g为重力加速度。
齿轮和轴承的具体参数分别如表12所示。
利用四阶Runge-Kutta法对第2节方程组(7)~(19)联立求解,设置系统的初始位移、初始速度均为0,得到NW风电传动系统的振动位移响应;利用Poincaré截面法对系统分岔图进行求解,遍历激励频率或者啮合刚度,记录系统在稳定状态下的振动位移,通过绘制振动位移与参数之间的关系图,得到相应分岔图;通过分析相邻轨道之间的距离随时间的变化,得到最大李雅普诺夫指数图。
本部分研究激励频率对系统响应的影响。激励频率ωe=0.238时,三级齿轮副等效位移的时域图、频率图、相图、庞加莱截面如图6所示。低速级齿轮副等效位移的庞加莱截面上为杂乱的点集,表明系统处于混沌运动状态;中间级齿轮副等效位移的庞加莱截面上含有两个吸引子,表明系统处于倍周期运动;高速级齿轮副等效位移的庞加莱截面上含有一个吸引子,表明系统处于周期运动。
为了进一步研究激励频率对系统响应的影响,绘制了分岔图和最大李雅普诺夫指数图分别如图78所示。当激励频率ωe<0.196时,低速级齿轮副处于稳定的周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.196,0.204)时,系统处于倍周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.204,0.210)时,系统处于混沌运动状态;在ωe∈(0.210,0.221)时,系统跳出混沌,进入倍周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.221,0.244)时,系统再次进入混沌,进而在ωe达到0.244时,系统做准周期运动。
中间级齿轮副的动态特性如图910所示。当ωe∈(0.170,0.183) ∪ (0.246,0.300)时,系统处于稳定的周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.183,0.188)∪ (0.235,0.246)时,系统处于倍周期运动;当ωe∈(0.188,0.235)时,系统处于混沌状态。
高速级齿轮副的动态特性如图1112所示。当ωe∈(0.170,0.173)时,系统处于混沌状态;当ωe∈(0.173,0.180)时,系统跳出混沌,进入倍周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.180,0.196)时,系统进入周期运动状态;当ωe∈(0.196,0.210)时,系统进入倍周期运动状态;当ωe>0.210时,系统进入周期运动状态。
本部分研究啮合刚度对系统响应的影响,三级齿轮副啮合刚度分别为Km1=1.000×109 N/m、Km2=5.900×109 N/m和Km3=1.100×1010 N/m时,三级齿轮副等效位移的时域图、频率图、相图、庞加莱截面如图13所示。低速级齿轮副庞加莱截面上为杂乱的点集,表明系统处于混沌运动状态;中间级齿轮副庞加莱截面上含有两个吸引子,表明系统处于2T周期运动状态;高速级齿轮副庞加莱截面上含有三个吸引子,表明系统处于3T周期运动状态。
为了进一步研究啮合刚度对系统响应的影响,绘制了分岔图和最大李雅普诺夫指数图,如图1415所示。当啮合刚度Km1∈(0.800,0.900)×109 N/m时,系统开始出现分岔,进入倍周期运动状态;当Km1∈(0.900,1.015)×109 N/m时,系统进入混沌运动状态;当Km1∈(1.015,1.110)×109 N/m时,系统跳出混沌进入准周期运动状态;当Km1∈(1.110,1.270)×109 N/m时,系统再次进入混沌运动状态;最后,当Km1 > 1.270×109 N/m时,系统回到准周期运动状态。
图1617分别为中间级齿轮副啮合位移的分岔图和最大李雅普诺夫指数图。当啮合刚度Km2 >2.750×109 N/m时,中间级齿轮副进入倍周期运动状态;当Km2 ∈ (4.000,5.810)×109 N/m时,中间级齿轮副进入混沌运动状态;当Km2∈(5.810,6.500)×109 N/m时,中间级齿轮副跳出混沌进入倍周期运动状态,直到Km2 > 6.500×109 N/m时,中间级齿轮副再次进入倍周期运动状态。
图1819分别为高速级齿轮副啮合位移的分岔图和最大李雅普诺夫指数图。当啮合刚度Km3∈(1.030,1.280)×1010 N/m时,系统开始进入倍周期运动状态;当Km3∈(1.280,1.430)×1010 N/m时,系统进入周期运动状态;当Km3∈(1.430,1.580)×1010 N/m时,系统再次进入倍周期运动状态;当Km3∈(1.580,2.600)×1010 N/m时,系统进入混沌运动状态;当Km3 ∈(2.600,4.510)×1010 N/m时,系统再次进入倍周期运动状态;最后,当Km3 >4.510×1010 N/m时,系统进入混沌运动状态。
本文考虑随机风速输入、时变啮合刚度、时变支撑刚度、传动误差、齿圈柔性等因素,建立了NW风电传动系统的动力学模型,随后,利用时间历程曲线、频谱、庞加莱映射、相轨迹、分岔图以及最大李雅普诺夫指数图研究了在激励频率和啮合刚度影响下的系统动力学特性,主要结论可归纳如下:
(1)NW风电传动系统具有丰富的非线性特征,随着激励频率与啮合刚度的变化,NW风电传动系统会经历周期运动、倍周期运动以及混沌运动。
(2)激励频率在一定范围内会造成NW风电传动系统进入混沌运动状态,造成运动的不可预知,这为NW风电传动系统的故障预防、故障诊断提供了理论基础。
(3)啮合刚度在一定范围内会造成NW风电传动系统进入混沌运动状态,造成运动的不可预知,这为NW风电传动系统的设计、润滑条件的选择提供了参考依据。
  • 广西杰出青年科学基金资助项目(2025GXNSFFA069016)
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA24263074)
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23073019)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52265004)
  • 中国航发科技创新平台项目(CXPT-2023-044)
  • 智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室开放课题(IMETKF2025021)
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2025年第38卷第4期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.007
  • 接收时间:2023-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-08
  • 修回日期:2023-07-30
基金
广西杰出青年科学基金资助项目(2025GXNSFFA069016)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA24263074)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23073019)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52265004)
中国航发科技创新平台项目(CXPT-2023-044)
智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室开放课题(IMETKF2025021)
作者信息
    1.广西大学省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
    2.广西大学机械工程学院,广西 南宁 530004
    3.华中科技大学智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074

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莫帅(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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