Article(id=1228654095460922058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680019200000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-29, revisedDate=1687622400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770863563646, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770863563646, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770863563646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863563646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228654089437901468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='12', pageStart='1993', pageEnd='2167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770863562211, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863940325, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228655675413299456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228655675413299457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2078, endPage=2085, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228654096912151270, articleId=1228654095460922058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Aerodynamic synchronization and barrel vibration control of paired inclined nozzles, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A vibration-controlled device with paired inclined nozzles is designed to reduce the barrel vibration and minimize the impact on the aircraft during continuous firing. The newly designed paired inclined nozzles generate only dynamic moment and recoil force,without producing transverse force. An interior ballistics model of the barrel with lateral channels is established,and the TVD-MacCormack difference scheme is utilized to numerically calculate the flow field in the barrel and the time-dependent aerodynamic force of the nozzles. Dynamic simulations of the continuous firing process of the aircraft gun are conducted to evaluate the effect of the paired inclined nozzles on the muzzle vibration. Results show that the time difference of the maximum aerodynamic force of the two nozzles is 0.07 ms,with a relative difference of the maximum aerodynamic force of only 0.5%. This indicates that the two nozzles are well synchronized. The paired oblique nozzles can greatly reduce the muzzle vibration without compromising the initial velocity of the projectile. The linear displacement and velocity of the lateral vibration decrease by 26.9% and 44.3%,respectively. The recoil momentum also decreases by 17.93%,without generating transverse force on the aircraft. As a result,the impact on the aircraft is significantly reduced. The achievements of this research will support the design of aircraft gun barrels with paired inclined nozzles.

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为降低某30 mm航炮连续射击时的身管振动和对飞行器的冲击,提出对武器身管产生动力偶和反后坐力、不产生横向力的成对斜喷管振动控制方案。基于两相流理论,建立考虑身管侧向导气的武器内弹道模型,运用TVD⁃MacCormack差分格式进行了数值求解,获得了武器膛内流场和两喷管气动力随时间的变化曲线。进一步对航炮连续射击过程进行动力学仿真,分析了成对斜喷管对炮口振动的影响。结果表明,两斜喷管气动力峰值发生时间相差0.07 ms,且瞬态最大气动力差0.5%,具有较好的同步性;控制装置能在弹丸初速度基本不降低的情况下,使炮口的横向振动线位移和线速度分别减小26.9%和44.3%,炮口振动响应降低较为明显;同时武器后坐冲量减小17.93%,且不对飞行器产生横向力作用,武器对机身的冲击明显降低。该研究可为航炮成对斜喷管身管振动控制装置的设计提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郭飞(1991—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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邱明(1976—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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邱明(1976—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology201832(1):29-36., articleTitle=The self-excited vibrations of an axially retracting cantilever beam using the Galerkin method with fitted polynomial basis functions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228654123810222804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, awardId=12072161, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12072161), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228654123898303190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, awardId=52475108, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52475108), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228654123965412058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, awardId=12302473, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12302473), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228654124057686752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, awardId=3092311020, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3092311020), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228654124128989924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, awardId=309231A8802, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(309231A8802), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228654116403081683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228654116407275987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, companyId=1228654116403081683, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228654116415664596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, companyId=1228654116403081683, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228654120509305448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Aerial gun equipped with vibration control device and its working principle, figureFileSmall=DEE8ShnI+k4pN/lxlOjyPA==, figureFileBig=tvxHpZoK0aa28cJMBVa3Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228654120593191532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=CN, label=图1, caption=配置振动控制装置的航炮及其工作原理

1.下斜喷管;2. 固定器;3.导气管;4.活塞;5.弹簧;6.上斜喷管;7. 压紧盖;8.弹丸;9.身管;10.导气孔;11.机框;12. 机头;13.机心;14.机心架;15.摇架;16.节套;17. 缓冲器;18.缓冲簧

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Structure and charging parameters of the aircraft gun

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称数值参数名称数值
口径30身管长度L/m1.26
火药密度ρp/(1600装药量0.049
弹丸质量0.236火药力/9×105
比热比k1.25余容α/0.001
固相比内能/(3.6×106火药厚度0.00055
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航炮的结构参数和装药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称数值参数名称数值
口径30身管长度L/m1.26
火药密度ρp/(1600装药量0.049
弹丸质量0.236火药力/9×105
比热比k1.25余容α/0.001
固相比内能/(3.6×106火药厚度0.00055
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Parameters of the vibration⁃controlled device

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参数名称数值
弹簧刚度/(N·mm-1)9×106
导气管截面积/mm2804.25
导气孔截面积/mm2804.25
喷管张角/(°)5
导气孔位置/mm800
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振动控制装置参数

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参数名称数值
弹簧刚度/(N·mm-1)9×106
导气管截面积/mm2804.25
导气孔截面积/mm2804.25
喷管张角/(°)5
导气孔位置/mm800
), ArticleFig(id=1228654123424346818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Vibration characteristics of ordinary aircraft gun and 90° nozzles aircraft guns with different moments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
力矩/(N·mm)线位移/mm线速度/(103mm·s-1)角位移/mrad角速度/(rad·s-1)
普通(-6.7,5.6)(-1.1,1.0)(-1.2,1.2)(-0.6,0.5)
100(-5.9,5.0)(-0.6,0.7)(-1.2,1.1)(-0.6,0.5)
200(-5.7,5.0)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.6,0.5)
400(-6.7,5.2)(-0.7,0.7)(-1.3,1.2)(-0.6,0.5)
600(-9.5,5.6)(-0.8,0.7)(-1.4,1.3)(-0.5,0.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1228654123508232903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

普通航炮与不同力矩下的90°喷管航炮的振动特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
力矩/(N·mm)线位移/mm线速度/(103mm·s-1)角位移/mrad角速度/(rad·s-1)
普通(-6.7,5.6)(-1.1,1.0)(-1.2,1.2)(-0.6,0.5)
100(-5.9,5.0)(-0.6,0.7)(-1.2,1.1)(-0.6,0.5)
200(-5.7,5.0)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.6,0.5)
400(-6.7,5.2)(-0.7,0.7)(-1.3,1.2)(-0.6,0.5)
600(-9.5,5.6)(-0.8,0.7)(-1.4,1.3)(-0.5,0.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1228654123621479118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Vibration characteristics of aircraft guns with different nozzle angles and ordinary aircraft gun

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
喷管角度/(°)线位移/mm线速度/(103mm·s-1)角位移/mrad角速度/(rad·s-1)
0(-5.6,5.1)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
10(-4.7,4.5)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.0,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
30(-4.6,4.3)(-0.5,0.6)(-0.8,0.9)(-0.4,0.4)
50(-5.2,4.7)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
70(-5.3,4.8)(-0.6,0.7)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1228654123705365199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654095460922058, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同喷管角度航炮与普通航炮的振动特性

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喷管角度/(°)线位移/mm线速度/(103mm·s-1)角位移/mrad角速度/(rad·s-1)
0(-5.6,5.1)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
10(-4.7,4.5)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.0,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
30(-4.6,4.3)(-0.5,0.6)(-0.8,0.9)(-0.4,0.4)
50(-5.2,4.7)(-0.6,0.6)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
70(-5.3,4.8)(-0.6,0.7)(-1.1,1.1)(-0.5,0.4)
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成对斜喷管气动力同步性与身管振动控制研究
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邱明 , 郭飞 , 杨亮 , 宋杰 , 徐江海 , 陶宇翔
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(12): 2078-2085
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(12): 2078-2085
成对斜喷管气动力同步性与身管振动控制研究
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邱明 , 郭飞 , 杨亮, 宋杰, 徐江海, 陶宇翔
作者信息
  • 南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094
  • 邱明(1976—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭飞(1991—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Aerodynamic synchronization and barrel vibration control of paired inclined nozzles
Ming QIU , Fei GUO , Liang YANG, Jie SONG, Jiang-hai XU, Yu-xiang TAO
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.009
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为降低某30 mm航炮连续射击时的身管振动和对飞行器的冲击,提出对武器身管产生动力偶和反后坐力、不产生横向力的成对斜喷管振动控制方案。基于两相流理论,建立考虑身管侧向导气的武器内弹道模型,运用TVD⁃MacCormack差分格式进行了数值求解,获得了武器膛内流场和两喷管气动力随时间的变化曲线。进一步对航炮连续射击过程进行动力学仿真,分析了成对斜喷管对炮口振动的影响。结果表明,两斜喷管气动力峰值发生时间相差0.07 ms,且瞬态最大气动力差0.5%,具有较好的同步性;控制装置能在弹丸初速度基本不降低的情况下,使炮口的横向振动线位移和线速度分别减小26.9%和44.3%,炮口振动响应降低较为明显;同时武器后坐冲量减小17.93%,且不对飞行器产生横向力作用,武器对机身的冲击明显降低。该研究可为航炮成对斜喷管身管振动控制装置的设计提供理论依据。

振动控制  /  身管振动  /  成对斜喷管  /  两相流  /  动力学仿真

A vibration-controlled device with paired inclined nozzles is designed to reduce the barrel vibration and minimize the impact on the aircraft during continuous firing. The newly designed paired inclined nozzles generate only dynamic moment and recoil force,without producing transverse force. An interior ballistics model of the barrel with lateral channels is established,and the TVD-MacCormack difference scheme is utilized to numerically calculate the flow field in the barrel and the time-dependent aerodynamic force of the nozzles. Dynamic simulations of the continuous firing process of the aircraft gun are conducted to evaluate the effect of the paired inclined nozzles on the muzzle vibration. Results show that the time difference of the maximum aerodynamic force of the two nozzles is 0.07 ms,with a relative difference of the maximum aerodynamic force of only 0.5%. This indicates that the two nozzles are well synchronized. The paired oblique nozzles can greatly reduce the muzzle vibration without compromising the initial velocity of the projectile. The linear displacement and velocity of the lateral vibration decrease by 26.9% and 44.3%,respectively. The recoil momentum also decreases by 17.93%,without generating transverse force on the aircraft. As a result,the impact on the aircraft is significantly reduced. The achievements of this research will support the design of aircraft gun barrels with paired inclined nozzles.

vibration control  /  barrel vibration  /  paired inclined nozzles  /  two-phase flow  /  dynamics simulation
邱明, 郭飞, 杨亮, 宋杰, 徐江海, 陶宇翔. 成对斜喷管气动力同步性与身管振动控制研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (12) : 2078 -2085 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.009
Ming QIU, Fei GUO, Liang YANG, Jie SONG, Jiang-hai XU, Yu-xiang TAO. Aerodynamic synchronization and barrel vibration control of paired inclined nozzles[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (12) : 2078 -2085 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.009
航炮搭载于直升机或飞机,凭借射速高、威力大、火力强和机动性好等优点,在近距离作战、摧毁地面目标及空中支援等方面发挥着重要作用1。航炮连续射击时,身管因膛内高压火药燃气冲击而剧烈振动,严重影响弹丸在出炮口时的射击方向,导致射击精度大幅下降26;并可能对机身造成冲击,影响飞行稳定性。因此抑制身管振动且减少武器对机身冲击对提高航炮作战效能具有重要意义。
目前,在武器身管上配置喷管,利用膛内火药燃气喷出的反作用力抑制身管振动,从而提高武器射击精度的喷管反推技术已获得成功应用479。文献[1012]提出了改善机枪射击精度的喷管气动力控制方案,但同时会对武器支撑架座产生附加横向力作用,加剧了对架座的冲击。李佳圣等13在转管武器身管上安装了两个反向的喷管,利用两个方向相反的喷管反推力形成动力偶进行稳定射击控制,但由于两喷管火药燃气喷出并不同步,很难产生纯动力偶,无法完全消除对架座的附加横向冲击力。在上述研究中,都未采用两相流内弹道理论,因此不能准确模拟火药燃气在身管不同位置的流动情况,无法准确分析两喷管气动力的瞬态同步性,从而获得既能实现力偶振动控制,又能避免对武器支撑架座产生附加力作用的效果。
考虑到航炮发射时的后坐力也会对飞行器产生冲击作用,本文提出一种成对斜喷管同步气动力振动控制方案,通过倾斜于身管轴线、位置不同但倾角相等的两个斜喷管与中心孔延时活塞共同作用,两喷管气动力在射击过程中瞬态同步,对身管只产生沿身管向前方向的瞬态合力与横向动力偶作用,从而能够在抑制武器膛口振动的同时减小对机身的冲击。基于两相流理论,建立考虑斜喷管航炮的发射过程数学模型,通过TVD⁃MacCormack差分格式进行数值求解,获得武器膛内流场和两喷管气动力随时间变化的曲线。通过Adams动力学仿真,得到装有斜喷管航炮和普通航炮的炮口振动曲线,验证了成对斜喷管装置减振的可行性。
配置振动控制装置的航炮及其工作原理如图1所示,初始状态时,活塞在预压弹簧作用下使导气管闭合(图1(b));当弹丸在高温高压火药燃气作用下运动通过导气孔后,火药燃气进入导气孔并推动活塞运动使导气管导通(图1(c)),火药燃气经过导气管后从上斜喷管和下斜喷管喷出,产生两个倾斜于身管轴线的瞬态气动力。由于导气孔、活塞等上/下对称布置,上/下喷管反推力产生及变化过程保持同步。
在任意时刻,两喷管瞬态反推力大小相等且与身管轴线夹角相等,可达到以下三个目标:(1)垂直于身管轴线方向合力为零,不对武器产生附加作用力;(2)平行于身管轴线方向的瞬态合力指向身管前方,可降低武器后坐力;(3)两垂直于身管轴线方向的分力产生力偶,可抑制武器膛口振动。
火药燃气从武器身管分流而出到从斜喷管喷出的过程,存在膛内压力波、气固两相作用、火药颗粒间相互作用等复杂现象。基于两相流内弹道理论,建立包含成对斜喷管振动控制装置内气体瞬态流动下的身管内部两相流模型。
成对斜喷管低后坐振动控制装置利用了射击过程中部分膛内火药燃气能量,因此,加装此装置的武器内弹道参数必然会发生变化。本文在建模过程中做出了如下假设:
(1) 将火药颗粒群作拟流体处理,即视火药颗粒具有连续介质特性;
(2) 导气管内和膛内的火药燃气流动均视为一维非定常流动,且导气管内仅考虑火药气体单相流动;
(3) 气体状态变化遵循Nobel⁃Abel状态方程;
(4) 忽略气体黏性耗散及膛壁热损失;
(5) 将火药的物质密度视为常数,即火药颗粒不可压缩。
以上假设已在大量武器的内弹道理论研究与数值计算中得到实践应用61415,且试验证明,该假设在计算中会产生误差,但误差在较为合理的范围。
在弹丸经过导气孔前后,膛内火药燃气流动变化,根据气⁃固两相质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程建立如下内弹道两相流数学模型:
式中  为武器身管横截面积;为空隙率;ρgρp分别为膛内气相和固相密度;为膛内气相速度;为膛内固相速度;分别为膛内气相比和固相比内能;为武器膛内压力;为膛内火药颗粒间应力;分别为单位体积内发射药和点火药燃气生成速率;为点火药燃气在膛内的流动速度;为气⁃固两相间阻力;为火药燃气在膛内的滞止焓;为气⁃固两相间热传导;为膛内从导气孔流出的气相单位体积质量流量;为导气孔处的气相速度;为导气孔处气相比内能;为导气孔处压力;ρgb为导气孔处气相密度;J为膛内与导气管内火药两相流燃气质量、动量、动能的交换量,J只在导气孔对应的膛内计算域才起作用。
膛内的火药燃气流动在导气孔内存在着正向流动和反向流动两种状态,并且这两种状态都可能出现临界流动和亚临界流动情况。因此,通过导气孔进入导气管内的气体流量可以按照下面四种状态确定9
式中  为导气孔处流量系数,取为0.6~0.8;为导气孔的导通面积;为火药燃气比热比;分别为导气管内火药气体的密度和压力;为临界压力比;为与临界压力比有关的系数,可表示为:
式中  表示火药气体比热比。
因此,可得到火药燃气通过武器身管进入导气管内的流量方程:
式中  为武器身管进入导气管的气体流量;为导气孔处所对应的膛内网格计算数目;为膛内网格计算长度。
由于导气孔位置距离膛底较远,当弹丸运动到此处时,膛内火药颗粒已经基本完全燃烧,因此身管导气管内只考虑气相流动。建立的导气管内火药气相燃气质量、动量和能量守恒方程组如下:
式中  为导气管内气相密度;为导气管内气相速度;为导气管截面积;为导气管内单位体积内燃气生成速率;为导气管内气相比内能;为导气管内固相比内能;为导气管内压力。
以某30 mm航炮作为研究对象进行数值模拟计算,该炮的基本结构参数和装药参数如表1所示。对两相流内弹道模型采用TVD⁃MacCormack差分格式11进行计算求解,由于后喷控制阀门孔深度比喷管长度短很多,因此侧向喷管入口边界条件可作为一个拉瓦尔喷管处理。通过面积比和总压与反压的关系,划分控制阀门孔火药燃气流动状态,从而求出控制阀门孔的出口气流参数,并采用CFL条件来控制时长。求解方法流程如图2所示。
通过研究导气孔直径和导气孔位置对弹丸初速的影响,找到使身管振动较小且对弹丸初速度影响相对较小的控制装置设计参数。导气孔直径和导气孔位置对弹丸初速度的影响如图3所示。
图3可知,导气孔位置对弹丸初速度的影响更大,通过大量仿真分析,以弹丸初速度损失最小为目标函数,确定该振动控制装置的具体参数,如表2所示。
图4(a)和(b)分别为成对斜喷管低后坐航炮和普通航炮的膛底压力、弹底压力时程曲线,当弹丸经过导气孔后,部分火药燃气通过导气孔进入活塞腔,进而推动活塞运动。在弹丸到达导气孔位置前(3.85 ms前),普通航炮与成对斜喷管低后坐航炮的膛底压力曲线一致,且在2.16 ms时达到峰值,膛底压力峰值为311 MPa,弹底压力峰值为245 MPa;在3.85 ms时,弹丸到达导气孔处,导气管逐渐连通,火药燃气进入导气管,并从上下斜喷管喷出,膛底压力和弹底压力略微减小,直到弹丸运动到膛口变为零。
图5为两种航炮后坐冲量时程曲线,在3.85 ms时导气管连通,火药燃气从喷管喷出形成喷管反推力,从而减小武器后坐力,使得后坐力冲量减小。整个发射过程中,普通航炮后坐冲量为310.93 N·s,而成对斜喷管低后坐航炮后坐冲量为257.78 N·s,采用该控制装置后,后坐冲量降低17.93%。
图6为前后喷管反推力时程曲线,由于火药燃气自身存在重力,导致前后喷管反推力并不是同时产生的,且火药燃气流量也存在细微的差异,前喷管反推力在4.38 ms达到最大值18830.01 N;而后喷管反推力在4.47 ms达到峰值18736.33 N。由此可以得到前后喷管反推力达到峰值的时间差值为0.07 ms,说明该装置的设计满足喷管反推力同步性,且前后喷管的反推力差值仅为0.5%,基本满足两个喷管气动力瞬态同步要求。
本节针对图1(a)所示的航炮结构,开展不含有振动控制装置航炮的动力学仿真分析,该航炮仅采用原缓冲簧进行缓冲,仿真过程中对身管、试验架和缓冲座进行柔性化处理。
采用航炮原射频600 r/min,并设定仿真时间为1 s,即航炮连续射击10次的时间,得到武器系统10连发情况下的炮口横向振动特性曲线,如图7所示。
通过多次仿真发现,喷管反推力会随着导气管长度的增加而形成更大的力偶,而较大的力偶会增加身管的振幅,且喷管角度也会影响喷管力偶和喷管瞬态力的大小。表3为普通航炮与不同力矩下的90°喷管航炮振动特性仿真结果,表4为200 N·mm力矩下不同喷管角度航炮与普通航炮振动特性的仿真结果。当导气管长度为100 mm,斜喷管与身管夹角为30°时的减振效果较好,炮口振动特性曲线如图8所示。
通过对比图78的振动特性曲线可知,安装振动控制装置后,其炮口横向振动线位移由原先的(-6.66 mm,5.64 mm)减小到(-4.64 mm,4.35 mm),振幅减小26.9%;炮口线速度由(-1.08×103 mm·s-1,0.99×103 mm·s-1)减小到(-0.54×103 mm·s-1,0.61×103 mm·s-1),降低了44.3%;炮口角位移由原炮的(-1.20 mrad,1.16 mrad)区间下降至(-0.85 mrad,0.89 mrad),下降了26.5%;炮口角速度同时也由原炮的(-0.62 rad·s-1,0.50 rad·s-1)减小到(-0.45 rad·s-1,0.36 rad·s-1),下降了27.5%。说明成对斜喷管低后坐振动控制装置可以减小膛口翻转,降低身管振动,提高武器射击精度。
(1) 针对某30 mm航炮提出了一种成对斜喷管身管振动控制方案,对考虑身管侧向开孔的两相流内弹道模型进行了数值求解。结果表明,两斜喷管气动力峰值发生时间差为0.07 ms,瞬态最大气动力相差0.5%,具有较好的同步性,能对身管产生动力偶作用而基本不产生横向力。
(2) 对航炮连续射击过程进行动力学仿真的结果表明相对于原始航炮,成对斜喷管控制装置能在弹丸初速基本不降低的情况下,使炮口横向位移振幅和线速度振幅分别减小26.9%和44.3%,对炮口振动控制效果明显。
(3) 成对斜喷管能使武器后坐冲量减小17.93%,且对身管基本不产生横向作用力,因此能明显降低航炮对飞行器的冲击。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12072161)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52475108)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12302473)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3092311020)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(309231A8802)
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2024年第37卷第12期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.009
  • 接收时间:2023-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29
  • 修回日期:2023-06-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12072161)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52475108)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12302473)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3092311020)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(309231A8802)
作者信息
    南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094

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郭飞(1991—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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