Article(id=1228654093565096610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693756800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-04, revisedDate=1701878400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770863563194, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770863563194, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770863563194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863563194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228654089437901468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='12', pageStart='1993', pageEnd='2167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770863562211, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863940325, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228655675413299456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228655675413299457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228654089437901468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2034, endPage=2044, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228654093791589031, articleId=1228654093565096610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Practical analysis method for seismic reduction performance of multiple-degree-of-freedom structure with inerter, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A practical analysis method for inertia damper energy dissipation systems composed of building structures with inertia dampers is proposed,including of concise closed-form solutions for the random seismic response and a practical setting strategy for inertia dampers. Based on the mechanical structure diagram of the series inertial damper and installation method in buildings,the coupled seismic motion equation of the energy dissipation system is established. In response to the difficulty in solving the damping and stiffness parameters in the actual dynamic equations of structures,an equivalent form of the uncontrolled structure represented by real modal vibration parameters is obtained based on finite element technology and dynamic principles,and the dynamic equation of the inertia damper energy dissipation system is reconstructed. Based on the quadratic decomposition method of the power spectral density function,closed-form solutions of the spectral moments of the building structure relative to ground displacement,interlayer displacement,and inertial damping force are derived. The correctness of the proposed concise closed form solution is verified through numerical examples,and the influence of real mode number on the 0~2 spectral moment of series response and the influence of floor position of inertia dampers on the seismic reduction effect of structures are studied. Results show that,using the number of actual vibration modes corresponding to the cumulative participation coefficient of 100% in the free vibration analysis of uncontrolled structures can achieve stable analysis accuracy and computational efficiency for the response analysis of multi-degree of-freedom energy dissipating structures,and to use reducing interlayer displacement of uncontrolled structures as the placement strategy for installation of inertial dampers is simple and feasible. This paper can provide a reference for the analysis of random ground motion response of complex building structure with series inertia capacity system.

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本文推导了由设置惯容系统的高层建筑结构组成的耗能体系随机地震动响应的简明封闭解,并探究了惯容系统在建筑结构中的设置方案,提出了惯容系统耗能体系实用分析法。根据串联型惯容系统的力学构造图及在建筑结构中的设置方案,建立了耗能体系耦合地震动方程。针对实际结构动力方程中阻尼和刚度参数不易求解的问题,利用有限元技术和动力学原理获得了以实模态振动参数表示的无控结构动力方程的等效形式,并重构了串联型惯容系统耗能体系的地震动方程。基于功率谱密度函数的二次式分解法推导出建筑结构相对于地面位移、层间位移及惯容阻尼力等系列响应谱矩的简明封闭解。通过算例验证了所提简明封闭解的正确性;并研究了实模态振型数对于系列响应0~2阶谱矩的影响和惯容系统设置楼层位置对高层建筑结构减震效果的影响。研究表明,在对多自由度耗能结构进行响应分析时,采用无控结构自由振动分析时振型参与质量比累计达到100%所对应的实振型个数可获得稳定的分析精度和计算效率;以减少无控结构层间位移作为串联型惯容系统在建筑结构中的布置策略是可行的。本文可为复杂建筑结构设置串联型惯容系统的随机地震动响应分析提供参考。

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李祚华(1978―),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
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邓林(1980—),男,硕士,副教授。 E-mail:

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caption=Interlayer displacement for three kinds of setting modes of SIDs, figureFileSmall=YbT6yCv801GnjaEUVwooyQ==, figureFileBig=xD36uoGVqKc179KAoia/iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228654138360262724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654093565096610, language=CN, label=图15, caption=3种串联型惯容系统设置方式下的层间位移, figureFileSmall=YbT6yCv801GnjaEUVwooyQ==, figureFileBig=xD36uoGVqKc179KAoia/iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228654138444148805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654093565096610, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

First 13-order natural vibration circular frequency of uncontrolled structure

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振型阶数圆频率/(rad·s-1振型阶数圆频率/(rad·s-1
13.196850.013
28.973951.180
315.0611055.338
422.1061158.580
528.7381277.658
635.27913100.163
742.869
), ArticleFig(id=1228654139811491910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654093565096610, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

无控结构前13阶自振圆频率

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振型阶数圆频率/(rad·s-1振型阶数圆频率/(rad·s-1
13.196850.013
28.973951.180
315.0611055.338
422.1061158.580
528.7381277.658
635.27913100.163
742.869
), ArticleFig(id=1228654139882795079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654093565096610, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Relationship between mass ratio of real modal shape participation and the number of modal shape

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
振型阶数占比/%累计/%振型阶数占比/%累计/%
176.5876.5880.3099.01
213.9790.5590.0499.06
33.7594.30100.3999.45
41.8296.12110.1399.58
51.5097.62120.3499.92
60.7498.36130.08100.00
70.3698.71
), ArticleFig(id=1228654139949903944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228654093565096610, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实模态振型参与质量比与振型数的关系

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振型阶数占比/%累计/%振型阶数占比/%累计/%
176.5876.5880.3099.01
213.9790.5590.0499.06
33.7594.30100.3999.45
41.8296.12110.1399.58
51.5097.62120.3499.92
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多自由度惯容系统耗能体系减震性能的实用分析方法
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邓林 1, 3 , 葛新广 2 , 李祚华 4
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(12): 2034-2044
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(12): 2034-2044
多自由度惯容系统耗能体系减震性能的实用分析方法
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邓林1, 3 , 葛新广2, 李祚华4
作者信息
  • 1黄山学院建筑工程学院,安徽 黄山 245041
  • 2柳州工学院土木建筑工程学院,广西 柳州 545616
  • 3装配式建筑黄山市技术创新中心,安徽 黄山 245041
  • 4哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) 土木与环境工程学院,广东 深圳 518055
  • 邓林(1980—),男,硕士,副教授。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

李祚华(1978―),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
Practical analysis method for seismic reduction performance of multiple-degree-of-freedom structure with inerter
Lin DENG1, 3 , Xin-guang GE2, Zuo-hua LI4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Huangshan University,Huangshan 245041,China
  • 2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Liuzhou Institute of Technology,Liuzhou 545616,China
  • 3Prefabricated Building Technology Innovation Center of Huangshan City,Huangshan 245041,China
  • 4School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.005
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本文推导了由设置惯容系统的高层建筑结构组成的耗能体系随机地震动响应的简明封闭解,并探究了惯容系统在建筑结构中的设置方案,提出了惯容系统耗能体系实用分析法。根据串联型惯容系统的力学构造图及在建筑结构中的设置方案,建立了耗能体系耦合地震动方程。针对实际结构动力方程中阻尼和刚度参数不易求解的问题,利用有限元技术和动力学原理获得了以实模态振动参数表示的无控结构动力方程的等效形式,并重构了串联型惯容系统耗能体系的地震动方程。基于功率谱密度函数的二次式分解法推导出建筑结构相对于地面位移、层间位移及惯容阻尼力等系列响应谱矩的简明封闭解。通过算例验证了所提简明封闭解的正确性;并研究了实模态振型数对于系列响应0~2阶谱矩的影响和惯容系统设置楼层位置对高层建筑结构减震效果的影响。研究表明,在对多自由度耗能结构进行响应分析时,采用无控结构自由振动分析时振型参与质量比累计达到100%所对应的实振型个数可获得稳定的分析精度和计算效率;以减少无控结构层间位移作为串联型惯容系统在建筑结构中的布置策略是可行的。本文可为复杂建筑结构设置串联型惯容系统的随机地震动响应分析提供参考。

串联型惯容系统  /  二次式分解法  /  谱矩  /  封闭解  /  实用分析法

A practical analysis method for inertia damper energy dissipation systems composed of building structures with inertia dampers is proposed,including of concise closed-form solutions for the random seismic response and a practical setting strategy for inertia dampers. Based on the mechanical structure diagram of the series inertial damper and installation method in buildings,the coupled seismic motion equation of the energy dissipation system is established. In response to the difficulty in solving the damping and stiffness parameters in the actual dynamic equations of structures,an equivalent form of the uncontrolled structure represented by real modal vibration parameters is obtained based on finite element technology and dynamic principles,and the dynamic equation of the inertia damper energy dissipation system is reconstructed. Based on the quadratic decomposition method of the power spectral density function,closed-form solutions of the spectral moments of the building structure relative to ground displacement,interlayer displacement,and inertial damping force are derived. The correctness of the proposed concise closed form solution is verified through numerical examples,and the influence of real mode number on the 0~2 spectral moment of series response and the influence of floor position of inertia dampers on the seismic reduction effect of structures are studied. Results show that,using the number of actual vibration modes corresponding to the cumulative participation coefficient of 100% in the free vibration analysis of uncontrolled structures can achieve stable analysis accuracy and computational efficiency for the response analysis of multi-degree of-freedom energy dissipating structures,and to use reducing interlayer displacement of uncontrolled structures as the placement strategy for installation of inertial dampers is simple and feasible. This paper can provide a reference for the analysis of random ground motion response of complex building structure with series inertia capacity system.

series inertia damper(SID)  /  quadratic decomposition method  /  spectral moments  /  closed-form solution  /  practical analysis method
邓林, 葛新广, 李祚华. 多自由度惯容系统耗能体系减震性能的实用分析方法. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (12) : 2034 -2044 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.005
Lin DENG, Xin-guang GE, Zuo-hua LI. Practical analysis method for seismic reduction performance of multiple-degree-of-freedom structure with inerter[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (12) : 2034 -2044 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.005
大量的地震灾害表明,强烈的地震动会导致土木工程结构损坏,并伴随着大量的人员伤亡和财产损失,探寻经济有效的减震技术一直是工程界的研究热点1-3。被动控制技术是目前工程上应用较为广泛的一类减震技术,通过在结构中设置阻尼器、减震器等装置以降低地震动对结构的影响,具有性能可靠、成本低、维护和管理简单的特点4-7。惯容系统8是一种新型被动控制装置,通过惯性作用和阻尼作用实现结构减震效果9-10,具有良好的应用前景11
KAWAMATA等12通过试验研究了加速度液体质量块对建筑结构地震动响应的抑制作用,该研究是最早研究惯容系统对建筑结构减震性能的成果。惯容系统的显著优点是通过特定机械原理31013,在不改变阻尼器物理质量的情况下数倍提高阻尼器的惯性,从而达到减震的效果。IKAGO等3和SAITO等14基于滚珠螺杆式惯容实现机制,研发了一种平动向转动转化的机制,将较小物理质量放大至数千倍惯性质量,能够获得较显著的减震效果。罗浩等15将黏滞单元与质量单元串联起来,基于位移增效机制提出了一种惯容阻尼器,研究表明该惯容阻尼器具有良好的减震特性。目前惯容系统被广泛应用于各类结构的减震(振),如建筑结构的抗震16和抗风17、桥梁缆索振动控制18、车辆减振19等。
利用惯容系统进行建筑结构的减震耗能研究方面也已取得了一定的成果。HU等20基于固定点理论研究了惯容系统与隔震结构组成的耗能体系的最优阻尼器参数的计算方法;参数优化分析是基于耗能体系频域响应函数开展的,而实际上结构随机地震动响应值的计算是频响函数在频域上的积分值,两者势必会存在偏差。ZHANG等21给出了单自由度结构设置惯容系统组成的耗能体系在白噪声谱激励下响应方差的解析表达式,但白噪声谱是一种理想的地震动激励模型,所得结果应用范围有限。LAZAR等22基于固定点理论对比研究了TMD系统与惯容系统的最优惯容名义频率计算方法,并探究了设置惯容系统的多自由度结构在时程激励下的减震特性。以上地震动激励研究采用时程形式或者理想白噪声谱激励形式,而实际地震动具有显著的随机性23,因其复杂性常采用表达式复杂的随机激励形式24-25。双过滤白噪声激励模型26是工程界最常用的平稳地震动随机模型,可较准确地描述场地土特性对地震动的影响。GE等27-28综合利用复模态法、虚拟激励法和有理式分解法提出了功率谱密度函数的二次式分解法,推导出了建筑结构在过滤白噪声激励27及李鸿晶谱激励下28的随机地震动响应0面位移、层间位移及惯容系统出力等系列响应0~2阶谱矩的封闭解,具有较好的分析效率。
本文利用二次式分解法27-28,对设置串联型惯容系统(series inertia damper,SID)的高层建筑结构在双过滤白噪声随机地震激励下的结构位移及串联型惯容系统出力等响应的简明封闭解进行研究,并探究惯容系统设置位置对建筑结构减震性能的影响。首先,根据串联型惯容系统的力学构造图及在建筑中的设置方式,建立耗能体系耦合地震动方程。其次,针对实际结构动力方程中阻尼和刚度参数不易求解的问题,基于有限元技术和动力学原理获得以实模态振动参数表示的无控结构的动力方程等效形式,并重构惯容系统耗能体系的地震动方程。然后,基于功率谱密度函数的二次式分解法推导出建筑结构相对于地面位移、层间位移及惯容系统出力等系列响应0~2阶谱矩的封闭解,给出串联型惯容系统在工程结构中应用的实用分析方法。
在建筑结构部分楼层中设置串联型惯容系统以形成耗能体系,如图1所示。地震激励下耗能体系的运动方程为:
式中  分别为建筑结构各集中质量相对于地面的位移、速度和加速度向量,均为含有n个元素的列向量,n为建筑结构集中质量个数;MCK分别为建筑结构的质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,均为n阶方阵;I为元素为1的n×1阶向量;为惯容系统楼层位置矩阵,为n×L阶矩阵,L为设置惯容阻尼器的总质量点数,该矩阵非零元素的特点为:当在建筑结构编号为sp的两个集中质量间设置编号为k的串联型惯容系统时,Hs,k)=1,Hpk)=-1;为串联型惯容系统出力的向量,为L×1阶矩阵,可显式表示为,其中,为第k个惯容系统出力,上标“T”表示矩阵转置;为场地土地面水平运动加速度。
在式(1)所示的建筑结构动力方程中,刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵的取值与所采用的材料力学性能和构件尺寸有关,结构力学方法不易获得。由于惯容系统的刚度部分相对于建筑结构(无控结构)来说非常小,工程上常忽略其对无控结构自振特性的影响。为此,本文提出通过有限元技术对无控结构进行动力学建模及分析,获得自振圆频率和实模态振型,并将其作为无控结构的刚度矩阵等效形式,利用瑞利阻尼假设求解主体结构的阻尼矩阵,从而避开建筑结构刚度和阻尼求解繁琐的问题。
根据实模态振型解耦法,建筑位移可表示为:
式中  为实模态广义坐标向量,为N×1阶矩阵,N为实模态个数;为无控结构的实模态振型,为n×N阶矩阵。
利用式(2)及实模态解耦法,则式(1)可重构为:
式中  分别为对时间t的一阶和二阶导数;N阶单位矩阵;,其中,“diag”表示对角阵运算,为无控结构第i阶自振圆频率;为无控结构阻尼比;
串联型惯容系统构造图11图2所示,当在结构集中质量节点sp处设置编号为k的串联型惯容系统时,存在如下关系式:
式中  分别为为惯容器的惯容系数、阻尼系数和刚度系数;分别为编号k的惯容系统的弹簧元件、阻尼元件和惯容元件两端的相对位移;分别为对时间t的一阶导数和二阶导数;分别为惯容系统与设置的建筑结构节点ps相对于地面的位移。
在进行动力分析时,结构位移、惯容系统出力及其构件两端的相对位移都是关于时间t的函数。可利用式(4a)获得串联型惯容系统各构件两端的相对位移的导数与惯容系统出力的关系式为:
式中  分别为对时间t的二阶导数;分别为对时间t的一阶和二阶导数。
同理,将式(4b)中惯容系统构件两端相对位移和建筑结构位移对时间t求导,得到:
式中  分别为对时间t的二阶导数。
把式(5)代入式(6),则建立串联型惯容系统出力与结构位移的关系式为:
至此,建立了惯容系统出力与建筑结构相对于地面位移的微分型关系式(7),结合式(2)可建立建筑结构中所有串联型惯容系统出力与结构位移的关系式为:
式中  分别为对时间t的一阶和二阶导数;
式(8)建立了惯容系统出力与建筑结构实模态广义坐标的关系式,其与式(3)联立可建立惯容系统-高层建筑结构耦合的动力方程为:
其中:
式中  分别为对时间t的一阶和二阶导数;均为0元素矩阵,其中N×L阶矩阵,L×1阶矩阵。
为获得串联型惯容系统-建筑结构耗能体系中的结构集中质量处位移、相邻两侧竖向构件的层间位移及串联型惯容系统出力等系列响应的封闭解,引入状态变量,对式(9)进行重构,得到:
式中  表示对时间t的一阶导数;均为0元素矩阵,其中N+L阶矩阵,N+L×1阶矩阵。
由复模态理论2329-30可知,存在对角阵P和左、右特征向量VU使方程(11)复模态解耦。引入复模态变换:
式中  z为复模态广义参数。
根据复模态理论2329-30,式(11)存在复模态解耦式:
式中  对时间t的一阶导数;,为含有s个元素的列向量,s=2×(N+L)。
式(13)的分量形式为:
式中  ziηipi分别为zηP的分量。
由虚拟激励法27-2831可知,式(14)的频域解为:
式中  表示圆频率自变量;的频域解;为地震动激励的功率谱密度函数;
由式(10)和(12)可知,惯容系统出力的频域解为:
式中  的频域解;为惯容系统出力的模态强度系数。
由式(2),(10),(12)及实模态解耦法可知,建筑结构集中质量处的位移和速度的频域解分别为:
式中  分别为的频域解;分别为结构集中质量处的位移和速度的模态强度系数,其中为结构实模态振型的第k行、第l列元素,为右特征向量矩阵U的第l行、第i列元素。
由式(17)及层间位移定义可知,竖向构件相邻两层集中质量的相对位移可表示为结构层间位移和层间位移变化率,两者的频域解分别为:
式中  分别为的频域解;分别为层间位移和层间位移变化率的模态强度系数。
由式(16)~(18)可知,串联型惯容系统出力、建筑结构集中质量处的位移及其变化率、层间位移及其变化率等响应量具有相同形式的表达式,故上述响应量的频域解可统一表示为:
式中  为响应量的第i个模态强度系数。
由虚拟激励法31可知,的功率谱为:
式中  的共轭项。
将式(15)代入式(20),运用功率谱二次式分解法27-2830,响应量Y的功率谱的二次式表示为:
当地震动激励采用双过滤白噪声激励模型时,其功率谱密度函数26为:
式中  为地震激励模型的常参数。
基于有理式分解法27可获得式(22)的二次分解式为:
式中  ,其中“conj”表示求参数的复共轭值。
把式(23)代入式(21),则系列响应的功率谱密度函数的二次分解式为:
其中:
结构响应的0~2阶谱矩及方差是描述响应量随机振动特性的重要参数,是基于Vanmarke动力可靠度分析的基础32-33。响应的0阶谱矩等于其方差,响应的2阶谱矩是其变化率的方差,为此可通过谱矩分析获得结构随机地震动响应的上述4种参数。由谱矩32定义可知,响应的q阶谱矩为:
式中  分别为响应量Y的方差和其变化率的方差。
将式(24)代入式(26a),利用二次式在[0,+∞)上积分有解析解,可获得响应量0~1阶谱矩的封闭解27-28为:
其中:
式中  ,其中下标a=g,f;下标w=mn
由式(26)同样获得了系列响应的二阶谱矩和方差。
为验证本文所提计算串联型惯容系统-高层结构组成的耗能体系随机地震动响应的0~2阶谱矩封闭解的正确性,研究无控原结构实模态振型数的取值对分析结构的影响及串联型惯容系统设置位置对结构减震效果的影响,通过数值算例逐一开展研究。
图3为12层钢筋混凝土建筑结构的一榀框架构件布置图,荷载从属宽度为6.6 m;结构柱尺寸为:1~5层为0.7 m×0.7 m,6~12层为0.5 m×0.5 m;结构梁尺寸为0.3 m×0.7 m,梁柱采用C30混凝土,弹性模量为3.0×104 MPa。结构竖向荷载由混凝土结构自重(重度为26 kN/m3)、铺装荷载(1.5 kN/m2)、楼板荷载(2.5 kN/m2)和竖向活荷载(2.0 kN/m2)组成,动力分析的质量矩阵按集中质量法确定,根据现行规范34集中质量由荷载组成,其恒载系数为1.0,活荷载系数为0.5。阻尼采用瑞利模型,阻尼比为5%。串联型惯容系统的参数取值为:=1.01×107 N/m,=7.5×106 N·s/m,=1.0×106 kg。
利用MIDAS Civil有限元软件对该结构进行建模,图4为结构的MIDAS模型,梁的惯性矩取实际尺寸截面计算的2.5倍;图中数字为节点编号,通过特征值分析后可获得结构实模态振型、自振圆频率及节点集中质量等动力分析所需要的参数。表1给出了无控结构前13阶自振圆频率。双过滤白噪声激励的参数为:ωg=8.67 rad/s,ξg=0.8,ωf=0.4ωgξf=0.8,S0=166.22×10-4 m2/s3
为验证所提耗能体系地震动响应简明封闭解的正确性,研究多自由度结构实模态振型数对响应分析精度的影响,在1~4层和9~12层设置惯容系统,具体位置如图5所示。
虚拟激励法由林家浩等31提出,是已被证明能有效分析随机激励下结构响应的方法,下面给出虚拟激励法下无控结构集中质量处位移和惯容系统出力的计算公式的推导。
利用虚拟激励法对式(3)进行改写,得到:
式中  分别为的傅里叶变换。
对式(8)进行傅里叶变换,得到:
由式(30)可知,可表示为:
将式(31)代入式(29),可获得建筑结构关于广义坐标的频域解为:
其中:
建筑结构集中质量处位移的响应功率谱密度函数为:
式中  为集中质量处位移功率谱列向量;“”表示向量点乘运算。
由式(32)及(33)可知,惯容阻尼器阻尼力的功率谱密度函数为:
式中  的功率谱密度函数列向量。
由虚拟激励法可知,结构集中质量处位移及串联型惯容系统出力的qq=0,1,2)阶谱矩可分别由功率谱积分获得:
由式(33)和(34)可知,结构集中质量处位移及惯容系统出力的功率谱密度函数为列向量,且为圆频率的高次多项式,故式(35)表示的积分只能采用梯形面积数值法求解。式(34)为关于圆频率的偶函数,且采用梯形面积法积分时,积分区间无法取为无穷大,只能取有限积分区间,式(35)的实际计算公式为:
式中  为数值积分区间上限;,其中,表示频域变量积分间距。
由式(36)可知,利用虚拟激励法计算结构系列响应0~2阶谱矩的计算精度和效率受积分上限和积分间距取值的影响。经试算,本文的=500 rad/s即可达到高精度。由数值积分原理可知,取值越小,计算越精确,为此,取值为4个工况,即,1.0,0.1和0.01 rad/s。图6~11给出了集中质量处位移及串联型惯容系统出力的0~2阶谱矩两种方法的对比图。
图6~11中可知,随着取值逐渐变小,虚拟激励法计算结果逐渐逼近本文方法,从而说明所提封闭解的正确性。由图6~8并结合图4中各楼层节点编号可以发现,同一楼层处建筑结构各节点处位移的0阶、1阶和2阶谱矩基本相同,验证了现行建筑抗震设计规范34对于建筑结构楼板平面内刚度无限大假设的合理性。由建筑结构1~5层和6~12层的构件截面相同以及图9~11可知,在构件尺寸和楼层高度相同的条件下,随着楼层的增高,串联型惯容系统响应谱矩数值降低;由惯容系统编号1 和2可知,在构件尺寸相同的条件下,楼层高度越高,谱矩数值越小。
从两种方法的分析效率来看,工况为0.1和0.01 rad/s的耗时分别为2.96和29.04 s,而本文方法耗时仅为1.27 s,本文方法具有较高的分析效率,且无需考虑积分上限和积分间距的影响。
实际工程中,应用实模态解耦法进行结构响应分析时,取结构振动的前若干阶振型即可满足工程精度的要求。MIDAS Civil有限元软件通过振型参与质量比来衡量各阶振型对结构振动的影响程度,表2列出了实模态振型参与质量比与振型数的关系,从表中可知前13阶振型参与质量比为100%(结构共48个实模态振型)。
设置惯容系统后,需要研究振型对惯容系统-建筑结构地震动计算精度的影响,在确保耗能体系减震分析精度的条件下,以较少的实模态振型数来提高分析效率。3.1.1节的研究表明,本算例中同一高度处的各节点谱矩值相同,即满足平截面假定,故研究实模态振型数对结构响应的影响可取结构一根柱子上各节点响应值(即节点号1~13)。根据表2,为探究实模态振型数对结构响应分析的影响,给出了3种工况下结构位移的0~2阶谱矩与全振型工况的对比图,如图12~14所示。
图12~14中可知,考虑前1阶振型时,结构位移的0~2阶谱矩与考虑全部振型时偏差非常大,且不同节点处的位移计算精度差别亦较大。考虑前5阶振型时,响应量的计算精度相对只考虑1阶振型时有较大提高。考虑前13阶振型时,结构位移的偏差极小,可作为响应谱矩计算的振型数。通过与表2对比发现,设置惯容装置后多自由度结构的地震动响应分析可按多自由度结构自由振动时振型参与质量比达到100%来选择实模态振型数,从而达到更好的分析精度。
从计算耗时来看(耗时包括振型的读取和响应量的计算耗时),考虑前13阶振型总耗时25.63 s;考虑全部振型(前48阶)总耗时92.58 s。耗时主要发生在实模态振型读取时,而谱矩的计算耗时分别为0.21和0.96 s。取参与质量比达到100%时对应的振型数进行工程分析,在确保分析精度的条件下可显著提高分析效率。
工程上利用惯容系统对结构减震是通过将惯容系统设置在建筑结构的两楼层间来实施的。在层间位移越大的楼层设置阻尼器,减震效果越好。为此,提出在无控结构层间位移较大的楼层作为惯容系统设置位置的优化策略,即首先获得无控结构层间位移方差,然后在层间位移较大的楼层处或相邻楼层设置惯容系统,以分析其减震效果。
图15给出了无控结构的层间位移及层间位移限值线,发现结构的1~11层的层间位移均超过规范限值34(限值为H/550,H为层高)。为此制定3种惯容阻尼器设置方案,方案1:在2层和6层设置;方案2:在超限楼层中隔层设置,即第2,4,6,8,10层设置,并在位移较大的6,8层设置2组阻尼器;方案3:在所有超限的楼层设置,即在第1~11层设置并在位移较大的6~8层设置2组阻尼器。图15给出了3种串联型惯容系统设置方式下的层间位移。
图15中可知,方案1可显著降低阻尼器所在楼层(2和6层)的层间位移,其他楼层的层间位移也会有所降低;方案2可有效降低所有惯容系统所在楼层的层间位移,但对于无控结构层间位移较大的7层和9层,未能低于限值;方案3为在层间位移超限的所有楼层处设置阻尼器,可显著降低所有楼层的层间位移并低于限值。
以上分析说明,惯容系统可有效降低所在楼层的层间位移,以降低层间位移为策略布置阻尼器,能够以最经济的阻尼器布置数量达到抗震的目的。
本文研究了设置串联型惯容系统的建筑结构在双过滤白噪声随机地震激励下的结构位移及惯容系统出力等响应的简明封闭解,提出了耗能系统实用分析法,结论如下:
(1)基于有限元技术对实际结构进行自由振动分析,获得以阻尼比和自由振动圆频率表示的建筑结构实模态等效动力方程,解决实际结构动力方程阻尼和刚度不易获得的问题。
(2)运用响应功率谱密度二次分解法,建立惯容-高层结构耗能建筑体系相对于地面的绝对位移、层间位移和惯容系统出力的随机地震动响应0~2阶谱矩的封闭解,所提方法可推广至线性结构基于其他复杂平稳随机激励的随机响应分析中。
(3)大型复杂结构按多自由度结构进行地震动响应分析时需要考虑多个振型的影响,建议选择自由振动分析时振型参与质量比累计为100%时对应的振型数,可获得稳定解,并具有较好的分析效率。
(4)以减少结构层间位移作为减震策略来进行高层结构串联型惯容系统布置,能够以最经济的阻尼器设置方案达到减震的目的。
  • 安徽省高校自然科学重点项目(2023AH051381)
  • 安徽省高校自然科学重点项目(2022AH051956)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978224)
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2024年第37卷第12期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.12.005
  • 接收时间:2023-09-04
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04
  • 修回日期:2023-12-07
基金
安徽省高校自然科学重点项目(2023AH051381)
安徽省高校自然科学重点项目(2022AH051956)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978224)
作者信息
    1黄山学院建筑工程学院,安徽 黄山 245041
    2柳州工学院土木建筑工程学院,广西 柳州 545616
    3装配式建筑黄山市技术创新中心,安徽 黄山 245041
    4哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) 土木与环境工程学院,广东 深圳 518055

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李祚华(1978―),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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