Article(id=1228653712462250646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1668355200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-14, revisedDate=1679760000000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770863472332, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770863472332, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770863472332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863472332, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228653708687377017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='11', pageStart='1803', pageEnd='1992', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770863471433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863902026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1925, endPage=1935, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228653713804427957, articleId=1228653712462250646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Dynamic response analysis of star shaped honeycomb sandwich panel with negative Poisson’s ratio under low velocity impact, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The star-shaped negative Poisson’s ratio structure is used as the core of sandwich panels. The dynamic model of a sandwich plate is established,and the equivalent elastic parameters of sandwich layer are derived. The equations of motion of sandwich plates are derived based on Hertz theory,first order shear deformation theory and Hamilton principle. Then,the equations of motion are solved by navier method. The contact force of the impact model is obtained through the spring-mass model with two degrees of freedom,and the lateral displacement of the sandwich plate after impact is calculated by Duhamel integral. The predicted results of plate contact force and lateral displacement are compared with the published papers to verify the accuracy. Meanwhile,the low-velocity impact response of star-shaped negative Poisson’s ratio sandwich panels is also compared with the negative Poisson’s ratio concave hexagonal honeycomb sandwich panels,and the influence of the parameters of sandwich panels is also discussed. When the impact velocity increases,the maximum contact force and the maximum lateral displacement of the sandwich plate also increase,while the duration of the impact response decreases. The greater the thickness ratio of the sandwich plate is,the better the impact performance of the sandwich plate will be. The smaller the side length ratio of cell is,the better the impact performance of sandwich plate will be. The increase of the cell concave angle enhances the impact performance of the sandwich panel. This study can provide some reference for the study of impact resistance of negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial structures and sandwich panels.

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将星型负泊松比结构作为夹层板的夹芯层,建立夹层板的动力学模型,推导出夹芯层的等效弹性参数。基于Hertz理论、一阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton原理推导出夹层板的运动方程,应用Navier法对其进行求解。通过两自由度弹簧-质量模型获得冲击接触力,运用Duhamel积分计算出夹层板受小球冲击后的横向位移。与已经发表的论文中对板接触力和横向位移的预测结果进行对比,验证理论分析模型的有效性。同时对比了星型负泊松比夹层板与负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击响应,探讨了星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的各项参数对冲击性能的影响。结果显示:随着冲击速度的增大,夹层板的最大接触力和最大横向位移增大,冲击响应持续时间缩短;夹层板的厚度比增大,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元的边长比减小,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元内凹角度增大,夹层板冲击性能提升。本文可为负泊松比超材料结构和夹层板的抗冲击性能研究提供理论参考。

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付 涛(1987―),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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李斌(1995—),男,硕士。E-mail:

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李斌(1995—),男,硕士。E-mail:

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Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions of the ASME198552(1): 6-12., articleTitle=Use of statical indentation laws in the impact analysis of laminated composite plates, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228653742162117393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, awardId=52205105, language=CN, fundingSource=国家基金青年基金资助项目(52205105), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228653742250197780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, awardId=202101AU070160, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省基础研究专项青年项目(202101AU070160), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228653733207278000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228653733215666609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, companyId=1228653733207278000, language=EN, 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figureFileBig=fRQY05i9A7yU4i380wOERg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653736835351095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蜂窝夹芯层结构在yoz面受剪力流图, figureFileSmall=2A0VpEvchnf2pSS3+aZzKQ==, figureFileBig=fRQY05i9A7yU4i380wOERg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653736948597310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of sandwich panel, figureFileSmall=nFHu79anlxhTrJS5I20zow==, figureFileBig=iQviXF8qm3v3/s4NIe439w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737019900483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图4, caption=夹层板示意图, figureFileSmall=nFHu79anlxhTrJS5I20zow==, figureFileBig=iQviXF8qm3v3/s4NIe439w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737099592262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Low velocity impact model of sandwich panel, figureFileSmall=+vJUHXjlLIw2dQ7VyLfEzA==, figureFileBig=/lOzlMo0ZscNhZikOrKoug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737196061259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图5, caption=夹层板低速冲击模型, figureFileSmall=+vJUHXjlLIw2dQ7VyLfEzA==, figureFileBig=/lOzlMo0ZscNhZikOrKoug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737292530259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic diagram of contact force and contact displacement of spherical impact ball under impact, figureFileSmall=4IyBp4ZzDA3Iqy7o+yPSQQ==, figureFileBig=DnxlUi8shf1xuSe47z68/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737388999255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图6, caption=球形冲头冲击下接触力和接触位移示意图, figureFileSmall=4IyBp4ZzDA3Iqy7o+yPSQQ==, figureFileBig=DnxlUi8shf1xuSe47z68/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737498051165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Schematic diagram of two degrees of freedom spring-mass model, figureFileSmall=IE4QR7iHPek2fIOGV43XRw==, figureFileBig=p44JO+tXXyFOCe5uNSpLFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737602908771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图7, caption=两自由度弹簧-质量模型示意图, figureFileSmall=IE4QR7iHPek2fIOGV43XRw==, figureFileBig=p44JO+tXXyFOCe5uNSpLFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653737690989158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison diagram of contact force time-history of 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figureFileBig=RsBHAZOTGg6edWP6PAb8Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653738395632266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图11, caption=负泊松比内凹六边形结构, figureFileSmall=PbSOf3SVof6Ni/9BCWpvCg==, figureFileBig=RsBHAZOTGg6edWP6PAb8Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653738492101265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Lateral displacement curves of different honeycomb structures with negative Poisson’s ratios, figureFileSmall=PlEXIF1JGCH0PXhNnJmLPg==, figureFileBig=lUp7c2Gv5DgsNJ+kBLvUDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653738559210134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同负泊松比蜂窝结构的横向位移曲线, figureFileSmall=PlEXIF1JGCH0PXhNnJmLPg==, figureFileBig=lUp7c2Gv5DgsNJ+kBLvUDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653738655679129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Lateral displacement curves of sandwich panel under different impact speeds, figureFileSmall=pwCvOYd94r/uUKzEtdTexA==, figureFileBig=R1poV3LFs+gSEu/4yj8CKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740031410846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同冲击速度下夹层板横向位移曲线, figureFileSmall=pwCvOYd94r/uUKzEtdTexA==, figureFileBig=R1poV3LFs+gSEu/4yj8CKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740157239972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Contact force curves of sandwich panel underdifferent impact speeds, figureFileSmall=Kk20X5y9OgUalPy7e4BgTQ==, figureFileBig=julbVfHEcvNV6OrZl2EjTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740241126057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同冲击速度下夹层板接触力曲线, figureFileSmall=Kk20X5y9OgUalPy7e4BgTQ==, figureFileBig=julbVfHEcvNV6OrZl2EjTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740341789360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Lateral displacement curves of sandwich panel with different thickness ratios, figureFileSmall=mNqv1SwR/iqhVpQNDHS6zg==, figureFileBig=yFmuL4xqwxQd7g8azUTVtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740413092529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同厚度比下夹层板横向位移曲线, figureFileSmall=mNqv1SwR/iqhVpQNDHS6zg==, figureFileBig=yFmuL4xqwxQd7g8azUTVtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740526338742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Contact force curves of sandwich panel with different thickness ratios, figureFileSmall=hmMSOrAUBpwiAU9ow1CwfQ==, figureFileBig=ZKtd5Nl0F1SJZOshpE+qFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740601836219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同厚度比下夹层板接触力曲线, figureFileSmall=hmMSOrAUBpwiAU9ow1CwfQ==, figureFileBig=ZKtd5Nl0F1SJZOshpE+qFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740694110911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Lateral displacement curves of sandwich panel with different cellular side length ratios, figureFileSmall=EKmGZ4PTo6u3xBmxVG8yTA==, figureFileBig=vgihpR0gmOnRNQrclJZf2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228653740757025473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653712462250646, language=CN, label=图17, 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Material and dimension parameters of spherical impact ball

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比半径/m冲击速度/(m∙s-1)
7971.82000.30.011
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球形冲头的材料和尺寸参数

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比半径/m冲击速度/(m∙s-1)
7971.82000.30.011
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Material and dimension parameters of panel

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比板长/mm板宽/mm板厚/mm
7971.82000.32002008
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板的材料和尺寸参数

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比板长/mm板宽/mm板厚/mm
7971.82000.32002008
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Dimension parameters of cellular with negative Poisson’s ratio and scondwich panel

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负泊松比胞元夹层板
lh/mmth/mmhh/mm-θh/(°)Lx/mmLy/mmhc/mmhf/mm
50.510-4010001000230.5
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负泊松比胞元和夹层板的尺寸参数

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负泊松比胞元夹层板
lh/mmth/mmhh/mm-θh/(°)Lx/mmLy/mmhc/mmhf/mm
50.510-4010001000230.5
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Material and dimension parameters of spherical impact ball

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比半径/mm冲击速度/(m∙s-1)
78002100.3103
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球形冲头的材料和尺寸参数

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比半径/mm冲击速度/(m∙s-1)
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Material parameters of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
4430113.80.342
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Ti-6Al-4V合金材料参数

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密度/(kg∙m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
4430113.80.342
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星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击动态响应分析
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李斌 , 付涛
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(11): 1925-1935
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(11): 1925-1935
星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击动态响应分析
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李斌 , 付涛
作者信息
  • 昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南 昆明 650500
  • 李斌(1995—),男,硕士。E-mail:

通讯作者:

付 涛(1987―),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Dynamic response analysis of star shaped honeycomb sandwich panel with negative Poisson’s ratio under low velocity impact
Bin LI , Tao FU
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.013
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将星型负泊松比结构作为夹层板的夹芯层,建立夹层板的动力学模型,推导出夹芯层的等效弹性参数。基于Hertz理论、一阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton原理推导出夹层板的运动方程,应用Navier法对其进行求解。通过两自由度弹簧-质量模型获得冲击接触力,运用Duhamel积分计算出夹层板受小球冲击后的横向位移。与已经发表的论文中对板接触力和横向位移的预测结果进行对比,验证理论分析模型的有效性。同时对比了星型负泊松比夹层板与负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击响应,探讨了星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的各项参数对冲击性能的影响。结果显示:随着冲击速度的增大,夹层板的最大接触力和最大横向位移增大,冲击响应持续时间缩短;夹层板的厚度比增大,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元的边长比减小,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元内凹角度增大,夹层板冲击性能提升。本文可为负泊松比超材料结构和夹层板的抗冲击性能研究提供理论参考。

星型负泊松比结构  /  低速冲击  /  弹簧-质量模型  /  动态响应

The star-shaped negative Poisson’s ratio structure is used as the core of sandwich panels. The dynamic model of a sandwich plate is established,and the equivalent elastic parameters of sandwich layer are derived. The equations of motion of sandwich plates are derived based on Hertz theory,first order shear deformation theory and Hamilton principle. Then,the equations of motion are solved by navier method. The contact force of the impact model is obtained through the spring-mass model with two degrees of freedom,and the lateral displacement of the sandwich plate after impact is calculated by Duhamel integral. The predicted results of plate contact force and lateral displacement are compared with the published papers to verify the accuracy. Meanwhile,the low-velocity impact response of star-shaped negative Poisson’s ratio sandwich panels is also compared with the negative Poisson’s ratio concave hexagonal honeycomb sandwich panels,and the influence of the parameters of sandwich panels is also discussed. When the impact velocity increases,the maximum contact force and the maximum lateral displacement of the sandwich plate also increase,while the duration of the impact response decreases. The greater the thickness ratio of the sandwich plate is,the better the impact performance of the sandwich plate will be. The smaller the side length ratio of cell is,the better the impact performance of sandwich plate will be. The increase of the cell concave angle enhances the impact performance of the sandwich panel. This study can provide some reference for the study of impact resistance of negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial structures and sandwich panels.

star shaped structure with negative Poisson’s ratio  /  low velocity impact  /  spring-mass model  /  dynamic response
李斌, 付涛. 星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击动态响应分析. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1925 -1935 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.013
Bin LI, Tao FU. Dynamic response analysis of star shaped honeycomb sandwich panel with negative Poisson’s ratio under low velocity impact[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1925 -1935 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.013
负泊松比超材料结构因其特有的力学性能,在航空航天、航海船舶、能源动力等领域具有广泛的应用前景,成为近年来的研究热点1。很多学者设计出了各种各样的负泊松比结构,其中以内凹结构最为常见,有学者研究了传统内凹六边形结构的变形机理2-3。之后,也有很多负泊松比内凹结构被设计出来,如内凹三角形结构4、内凹星型结构5。对于星型负泊松比结构的研究也是较为成熟的。ZHOU等6通过能量法在不考虑剪切应力影响的情况下推导出星型负泊松比结构的力学性能,为星型负泊松比结构的研究提供一些参考。在此基础上,AI等7在考虑剪切应力影响的情况下,应用卡氏第二定理建立三种星型结构的力学解析模型,以此获得三种星型结构的弹性模量、泊松比的解析式,并通过仿真对解析方程进行验证。但是对于星型结构的剪切模量解析解的推导还相对较少。
夹层板结构由上面板、中间夹芯层和下面板通过胶粘形成,其夹芯层通常可以采用泡沫、蜂窝、桁架等非实心结构8。蜂窝夹层板结构是应用最广泛的夹层板结构9,蜂窝夹层板领域的研究成果也较多。在夹层板的理论研究方面,袁文昊等10通过剪切变形理论和基尔霍夫经典层合板理论,利用Hamilton原理研究了不同边界条件下波纹夹层板的自由振动,结果表明,不同边界条件对板的自由振动有重要影响;关淮桐等11利用Von-Karman大变形理论和Hamilton原理得到仿蝴蝶形蜂窝结构夹层板的运动方程,并探讨了夹层板在简支状态下的振动特性;朱秀芳等12运用高阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton原理推导出负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的运动方程,利用Navier法求解,研究负泊松比蜂窝夹层板在四边简支条件下的模态,结果显示:负泊松比夹层板结构的振动特性优于普通蜂窝夹层板结构,并对各参数对振动频率的影响进行了讨论。在对夹层板的低速冲击的仿真和实验研究方面,付珊珊等13通过模拟仿真对功能梯度蜂窝夹层板的抗低速冲击性能进行了研究;ZHANG等14首先建立了夹层板的三维模型,通过仿真对夹层板的冲击性能和能量吸收性能进行研究,最后通过实验验证了仿真结果的有效性;杨晶晶等15用有限元仿真的方式研究了铝褶皱夹层板的抗低速冲击性能,并对夹芯层尺寸参数对夹层板冲击性能的影响进行了探讨。对夹层板动力学性能的理论研究,大多都是关于夹层板振动特性的研究。对夹层板低速冲击性能的研究,大多都是以实验和仿真为主。对夹层板结构冲击性能的理论研究较少。
基于上述背景,推导星型负泊松比结构的等效力学性能参数,基于一阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton原理得到夹层板结构的运动学方程。提出两自由度弹簧-质量模型用于分析夹层板的冲击过程,并用Navier法进行求解,获得夹层板结构受小球冲击过程中的接触力和横向位移的解析解。通过对比已发表论文16-18中对板接触力和横向位移的预测结果,验证了夹层板理论解析模型的正确性。在此基础上,对比了星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板与普通负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击响应,讨论了球形冲击器参数变化以及夹层板尺寸参数变化对夹层板冲击性能的影响。
图1所示为星型负泊松比胞元结构的模型图。星型胞元由等长的四角星型结构和四个连杆组成,定义四角星型结构边长为l1,连接杆的长度为l2,星型胞元边与坐标轴夹角(内凹角)为θ,胞元壁厚为D,胞元厚度为hc
根据图1中定义的参数,计算得到该胞元结构的相对密度、等效弹性模量、泊松比和等效剪切模量。其中,相对密度、等效弹性模量和泊松比值引用文献[7]中的结果,并与本文中定义的尺寸参数相适配。这里引入三个尺寸比例关系:
式中  k表示剪切修正系数,取值为5/6;ρsEs分别为基体材料的密度、杨氏模量和泊松比。
由于星型胞元结构具有对称性,故取胞元结构的四分之一模型进行分析,如图2所示。所取部分面外厚度为单位厚度。
将所取分析部分等效为s×d的单位厚度等效单元体,则等效单元体的剪切应力和体积分别为:
式中  τxy表示xoy面内剪切应力;V表示等效单元体的体积。FNsd图2中所示。
等效单元体的剪切应变能为:
式中  Vε*表示等效单元体受面内剪切后的应变能。
根据图2(b)所示的各胞壁的受力分析,其中,N表示水平力,F表示竖直方向力,M1M2M3分别表示三个胞壁端所受力矩。得到所取结构受剪切后的弯曲应变能Vε1和剪切应变能Vε2分别为:
式中  I表示惯性矩;A表示所取胞元结构的横截面面积。由于所选结构是单位厚度的结构,故A=DI=D3/12。
所取结构受剪切后的总应变能Vε为:
式中  efR为星型结构的尺寸比例关系,分别表示为:e=l1/Df=l2/DR=esinθ-d×cosθ2+e3sinθ+s×cosθ2
根据等效单元体的应变能Vε*与所取结构的应变能Vε相等,得到:
图3所示为星型负泊松比蜂窝夹芯层结构在yoz面受到的剪力流图。据图3可以得到所取单元体在剪切力下的总应变能:
式中  τyz表示yoz面内剪切应力;T为蜂窝壁板yoz面上的单位长度剪力;Gs为基体材料的剪切模量。
将所取结构等效为等体积均质且剪切模量相等的实心相当体,相当体所受的剪切应力为:
得到相当体的总应变能Vε*1为:
根据所取单元结构和等效实心相当体的总应变能相等以及胞元的对称性,得到:
将上述星型负泊松比蜂窝结构作为夹层板的夹芯层,如图4所示,夹层板由上面板、夹芯层、下面板三部分组成,其中上、下面板的厚度均为hf,夹芯层的厚度为hc。为了研究夹层板的抗低速冲击性能,建立了如图5所示的低速冲击模型,冲头是半径为Rs的球形冲头,冲头的初始冲击速度为Vs,夹层板结构xy方向的尺寸分别为LxLyz方向的总厚度为h
根据一阶剪切变形理论,得到夹层板结构的位移场,xyz方向的位移分别为:
式中  UVW分别表示夹层板结构在xyz方向的位移;uvw分别表示中性面在xyz方向的位移;φxφy分别表示中性面绕x轴和y轴的旋转;t表示时间。
假设夹层板结构的变形都是线性变形,夹层板结构上任意一点的应变可以根据下列应变场得到:
式中  εxεy表示正应变;γxy表示面内剪切应变;γxzγyz表示横向剪切应变。
根据胡克定律,可以得到夹层板结构的应力-应变关系:
式中 上标“i”=T,c,B,其中,T表示上面板,c表示负泊松比夹芯层,B表示下面板;Q表示转换刚度系数,可以用下列公式表示:
式中  E表示杨氏模量;μ表示泊松比;下标“x”和“y”表示坐标方向。
夹层板结构的法向力(NxNyNxy),剪切力(QxzQyz)和力矩(Mx MyMxy)可以分别用下列公式表示:
将式(17)代入式(18)中,可得如下本构关系:
式中  表示曲面曲率,系数可表示为:
其中,Qij由式(17)给出。
根据Hamilton原理,可以得到夹层板结构的运动方程:
式中  q表示冲击载荷;I0I1I2表示惯性矩,可以由下式求解:
式中  ρf表示上、下面板的密度;ρc表示夹芯层的相对密度。
将夹层板结构的运动方程在简支的边界条件下进行求解,其边界条件可以表达为:
运用Navier法对运动方程进行求解,为了满足边界条件,将位移方程以双三角级数的形式展开:
式中  α=mπ/Lxβ=mπ/LyUmnt),Vmnt),Wmnt),Xmnt)和Ymnt)表示位移振幅分量;mn表示模数。
将冲击载荷q表示为:
式中  Qmnt)为夹层板面板上任意一点(x0y0)施加的载荷系数,可以表示为:
式中  t表示冲击时间;Ft)表示冲击接触力。
由于面内惯量和旋转惯量对结果的影响较小,故本研究中将其忽略。将式(22)~(23)代入式(20)中,运用Galerkin方法,可以得到:
根据式(25)可以获得如下单线性二阶微分方程:
式中  Wmnt)表示夹层板在z方向的位移振幅分量;ωmn表示夹层板结构的固有频率。
将式(24)代入式(26)中,通过Duhamel积分,解得:
式中  m2表示夹层板质量;Fτ)为冲击接触力,是未知的。
图6所示为板结构受小球冲击后的接触力Ft)和接触位移δt)的示意图,其中接触位移是球形冲头位移和夹层板上面板位移之差。为了得到接触力Ft),本文用图7所示的弹簧-质量模型等效冲击过程。m1m2分别表示球形冲头和夹层板的质量,两个质量块用弹性系数为k1的等效赫兹弹簧连接,该弹簧的弹力和形变也代表了冲击过程中的接触力和位移特性。同时,夹层板的横向载荷和变形特性由弹性系数为k2的等效刚度弹簧表示。
根据图67可得冲击过程中接触位移δt)的公式:
式中  w1t)和w2t)分别表示冲击过程中两质量块t时刻的横向位移;δt)表示t时刻的接触位移。
冲击过程中非线性赫兹接触力Ft)可以表示为19
式中  λ表示弹性恢复常数,取为1.5;K1*为赫兹接触刚度,可表示为:
式中  EsμsE0μ0分别表示球形冲头和夹层板上面板的杨氏模量和泊松比。
非线性赫兹接触力具有较强的非线性,为了获得分析的结果,运用Gamma函数将接触刚度进行线性化处理。得到等效接触刚度K119
式中  Г(·)为Gamma函数;δm为最大接触变形,可以通过下式计算:
同时等效后的线性赫兹接触力为:
根据牛顿第二运动定律,图7中两自由度弹簧-质量系统的平衡方程为:
上述平衡方程在初始条件下有以下关系:
将式(34)~(35)代入式(28)和(33)中计算,得到冲击过程中接触力为:
式中  φ1φ2分别表示第一和第二振型;d1d2表示代替系数。
获得冲击过程的接触力后,将式(27)和(36)代入式(22)中,得到夹层板结构受冲击后的横向位移为:
通过式(37),可以得到夹层板上任意位置受冲击后的横向位移。
为了验证上述理论分析模型的有效性,将上述理论分析模型计算夹层板的接触力时间历程曲线结果和YANG等16以及WU等17的结果进行对比,如图8所示。球形冲头的材料和尺寸参数如表1所示,板的材料和尺寸参数如表2所示。
根据图8可以看出,本文分析方法得到的最大接触力略高于WU等17的分析结果,略低于YANG等16的分析结果,最大误差在8%左右。同时,接触力时间历程趋势和文献[16-17]中对板接触力的预测结果中的趋势是一样的。通过对比可以得出该理论分析模型的有效性。因此,可以使用该理论分析模型分析计算负泊松比夹层板的动力学行为。
为了进一步验证理论分析模型的有效性,本文以YANG等18研究中的内凹负泊松比蜂窝夹层板为算例,用上述理论模型计算了该算例的横向位移-冲击时间的曲线,并与YANG等18的结果进行对比。文献[18]中的负泊松比胞元结构如图9所示,图中lh为内凹臂长,hh为垂直臂长,th为臂厚,θh为内凹角度。算例中胞元和夹层板的尺寸参数如表3所示,球形冲头的材料和尺寸参数如表4所示,负泊松比蜂窝夹层板使用Ti-6Al-4V合金材料,其材料参数如表5所示。
运用本文理论对上述算例中内凹负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构进行计算,并与文献[18]中的结果进行对比,结果如图10所示。
根据图10可以看出,用本文理论计算文献[18]中的模型的结果与文献[18]中横向位移曲线的变化趋势一样,负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的最大横向位移与文献[18]中结果一致,文献[18]中横向位移的曲线比本文结果更早达到最大值,两者达到最大冲击横向位移的响应时间的误差约为8%,在可接受范围内。因此可以证实本文理论分析模型的有效性,该分析方法可以用于分析负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构的低速冲击动态响应。
基于上述理论分析模型,本文通过接触力时间历程、冲击持续时间和横向位移对夹层板的冲击性能进行讨论。球形冲头的材料和尺寸参数如表1所示,夹层板的总厚度h=10 mm,其中,上、下面板的厚度hf=2 mm,夹芯层厚度hc=6 mm,边长Lx=100 mm和Ly=100 mm;负泊松比胞元的尺寸数据:l1=8 mm,l2=7 mm,D=1 mm,θ=30°;夹层板的基体材料参数:弹性模量Es=69×109 Pa,泊松比μs=0.3,密度ρs=2700 kg/m3
本节对比星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构和负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板结构受球形冲头冲击后的横向位移。其中,负泊松比内凹六边形结构的尺寸参数如图11所示,图中ab分别为胞元的两个臂长,h为胞元厚度,θ1为内凹角度。为了对比参数一致的两种蜂窝结构,算例中负泊松比内凹六边形胞元结构尺寸为:a=2l1sinθ=13.8 mm,b=l1=8 mm,θ1=θ=30°,h=hc=6 mm。内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板其他尺寸参数设置和上述星型蜂窝夹层板算例中相同,冲击速度为3 m/s。得到夹层板的横向位移曲线如图12所示。
图12中的曲线对比表明,在相同的夹层板尺寸和冲击条件下,星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的最大横向位移小于普通内凹负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构,较负泊松比内凹蜂窝夹层板的最大横向位移减少57%。可见,本文研究的星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构与普通蜂窝结构相比具有更好的低速冲击性能。
本节对比了四种不同冲击速度(Vs=1,4,7,10 m/s)下夹层板的横向位移和接触力时间历程,如图1314所示。由图13可知,在所有的冲击速度下,夹层板的横向位移变化趋势都是先增大后减小,夹层板的最大横向位移随着冲击速度的增大而增大。图14对比了不同冲击速度下夹层板的接触力时间历程,可以看出,接触力时间历程在四种冲击速度下的趋势是一样的,最大接触力随着冲击速度的增大而增大。对比图1314都可以看出,随着冲击速度的增大,冲击持续时间会有所缩短。
本节对比了夹层板蜂窝夹芯层和上、下面板不同厚度比(ζ=hc/hf)对冲击性能的影响,对比了不同比值(ζ=3,4,5)下三种夹层板在冲击速度为10 m/s时的夹层板横向位移和接触力时间历程。如图15所示,夹层板横向位移随着ζ值的增大而减小。图16展示了三种不同厚度比下夹层板的接触力时间历程。根据图16可以得到,虽然三种厚度比值条件下最大接触力的变化不大,但是可以看出最大接触力随着ζ值的增大而有所增加。观察图1516可以看到,在冲击过程中,厚度比ζ的变化不会引起冲击持续时间的变化。据此,可以得到在相同的冲击速度下,随着夹层板厚度比的增大,星型负泊松比夹层板的抗低速冲击性能有所提升。
本节讨论了星型负泊松比胞元边长比(η=l1/l2)的变化对夹层板冲击性能的影响。在其他尺寸完全相同的情况下,对比了三种不同边长比(η=0.75,1,1.25)的夹层板结构在冲击速度为10 m/s的情况下的冲击响应。根据图17,三种不同边长比的夹层板结构受冲击后横向位移的变化是较为明显的。并且,随着边长比η的增大,最大横向位移也增大,三种边长比条件下横向位移的变化趋势是一样的。通过图18可以看出,在改变胞元边长比的情况下,最大接触力的变化不明显,但是随着胞元边长比η的增大,夹层板的最大接触力有所增大,三种不同边长比η的情况下,星型夹层板结构的接触力随时间的变化趋势是一样的。此外,从图1718中可以看出,冲击持续时间也随着胞元边长比η的改变而有所变化,具体为:随着边长比的增大,冲击持续时间减小。因此,胞元边长比η较小的夹层板具有更优的冲击性能,但是在该模型中要满足基本尺寸条件l2>l1sinθ,避免胞元间四角星型部分直接接触。
本节对比了星型负泊松比胞元内凹角度θ对夹层板冲击性能的影响。根据星型胞元的结构特点,当内凹角度θ为0°时,星型结构变为矩形蜂窝;当内凹角度等于45°时,星型胞元的两相邻胞壁会重合。故本小节取内凹角度θ=10°,20°,30°,40°,其他几何尺寸相同的星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板结构在10 m/s冲击速度下的冲击响应进行对比,结果如图1920所示。
根据图19可以看出:星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板受球形冲头冲击后,夹层板的最大横向位移随着内凹角度的增大而减小,且横向位移随内凹角度的变化较为明显。从图20中可以得到:夹层板受低速冲击后,接触力随胞元内凹角度的变化幅度较小,夹层板最大接触力随着胞元内凹角度的增大而增大。根据图1920可以看出:夹层板受冲击的持续时间随着胞元内凹角度的增大而略有增加。综合上述观察结果可以得出,星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的冲击性能随着胞元内凹角度的增大而有所提升。
基于Hertz理论、一阶剪切变形理论和弹簧-质量模型提出一种数值分析模型,可用于分析负泊松比夹层板结构在低速冲击下的动力学特性。根据该分析模型,可以得到冲击载荷下夹层板结构的接触力时间历程和横向位移时间历程的解析解。在此基础上,对比了星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板和负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的冲击响应,研究了冲击速度、夹层板厚度比、胞元边长比和胞元内凹角度对负泊松比蜂窝夹层板抗低速冲击性能的影响,结论如下:
(1)在相同的尺寸和冲击条件下,星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的最大横向位移较负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的最大横向位移减小57%。
(2)冲击速度对负泊松比夹层板的影响较为明显,随着冲击速度增大,夹层板最大接触力增大,最大横向位移增大,冲击响应持续时间缩短。
(3)夹层板的上、下面板与夹芯层的厚度比ζ对夹层板的冲击性能有影响,ζ值越小,夹层板的整体刚度和强度越大,最大横向位移越小,而最大接触力会越大,但是冲击响应持续时间不变化。
(4)胞元的边长比η对夹层板冲击性能的影响为:随着η值的增大,夹层板受冲击后的最大横向位移增大,最大接触力会减小,冲击响应持续时间也会缩短。可以在一定范围内选择较小η值的胞元结构,以提高夹层板的抗冲击性能。
(5)星型胞元内凹角度的变化对蜂窝夹层板冲击性能的影响为:夹层板冲击接触力和冲击持续时间随着胞元内凹角度的增大而增加,而夹层板的横向位移随着胞元内凹角度的增大而减小,意味着胞元内凹角度的增大可以提升蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击性能。
  • 国家基金青年基金资助项目(52205105)
  • 云南省基础研究专项青年项目(202101AU070160)
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2024年第37卷第11期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.013
  • 接收时间:2022-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14
  • 修回日期:2023-03-26
基金
国家基金青年基金资助项目(52205105)
云南省基础研究专项青年项目(202101AU070160)
作者信息
    昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南 昆明 650500

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付 涛(1987―),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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