Article(id=1228653711174595583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706457600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-29, revisedDate=1710864000000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770863472026, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770863472026, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770863472026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863472026, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228653708687377017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='11', pageStart='1803', pageEnd='1992', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770863471433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863902026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1898, endPage=1905, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228653711493361664, articleId=1228653711174595583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Track flexibility coefficient (TFC) of the floating slab track (FST) subjected to the moving wheel-rail forces, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To establish a 3D metro train-FST coupling model in the frequency domain,the key problem of the rail displacement at each moving wheel-rail contact point caused by all moving wheel-rail forces needs to be solved firstly. The matrix of the TFC establishes the relationship between them. Based on the established 3D discrete supported floating slab track model in the frequency domain,a method to calculate the TFC is put forward in this paper. Based on the relationship between the fixed and moving coordinate systems,the TFC to a moving point on FST can be written as the integration of the rail displacement response at a fixed point in the frequency domain caused by a moving harmonic load. After calculating the TFC of the 3D FST,some conclusions are obtained. At each excitation frequency,the TFC of a moving wheel-rail force to each wheel-rail contact point is the largest at the point of the force itself. Due to the moving of the wheel-rail force,there is a certain difference between the TFC of the front axle wheel-rail force to the rear axle wheel-rail contact point and that of the rear axle wheel-rail force to the rear axle wheel-rail contact point. In the same bogie,the TFC of the left wheel-rail force of the front axle to the right wheel-rail contact point of the same axle is similar to the TFC of that force to the left wheel-rail contact point of the rear axle. It is advisable to use a 3D model to finely analyze the dynamic characteristics of floating slab tracks.

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轨道柔度系数矩阵建立了移动轮轨力与轮轨接触点处钢轨位移响应之间的关系,是解析模型中对车辆系统和轨道系统进行耦合的关键和难点。本文在已有三维离散支承浮置板轨道频域解析模型基础上,提出了移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解方法。利用固定坐标系和移动坐标系间的关系,将浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解转化为对移动谐振荷载作用下钢轨固定点频域位移响应的积分的计算,为三维列车-浮置板轨道耦合解析模型的建立奠定基础,并量化了二维模型和三维模型的计算结果差异。自编程序对浮置板轨道柔度系数进行计算,结果表明:同一转向架内,前轴左侧轮轨力对前轴右侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数与该力对后轴左侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数大小相近,二维模型忽略了此影响;二维计算模型无法准确反映板在全部模态频率处的振动响应,进而影响轨道柔度系数的计算准确性;对浮置板轨道动力特性进行精细化分析时,宜使用三维模型。

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刘卫丰(1975—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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谭新宇(1994—),男,博士,工程师。E-mail:

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Parameters of the floating slab track

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
钢轨质量60
钢轨抗弯模量6.62
钢轨损耗因子0.01
扣件刚度65
扣件阻尼30
钢弹簧刚度6.9
钢弹簧阻尼15
双轨间距1435
扣件纵向间距600
单排扣件数量50
浮置板弹性模量35
浮置板密度2450
浮置板泊松比0.167
浮置板损耗因子0.05
浮置板长30
浮置板宽3.2
浮置板高0.35
钢弹簧横向间距1900
钢弹簧纵向间距1875
单排钢弹簧数量16
), ArticleFig(id=1228653749716054084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653711174595583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浮置板轨道参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
钢轨质量60
钢轨抗弯模量6.62
钢轨损耗因子0.01
扣件刚度65
扣件阻尼30
钢弹簧刚度6.9
钢弹簧阻尼15
双轨间距1435
扣件纵向间距600
单排扣件数量50
浮置板弹性模量35
浮置板密度2450
浮置板泊松比0.167
浮置板损耗因子0.05
浮置板长30
浮置板宽3.2
浮置板高0.35
钢弹簧横向间距1900
钢弹簧纵向间距1875
单排钢弹簧数量16
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移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数研究
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谭新宇 1, 2 , 刘卫丰 2 , 姜博龙 1 , 张宇 3 , 张百岩 3
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(11): 1898-1905
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(11): 1898-1905
移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数研究
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谭新宇1, 2 , 刘卫丰2 , 姜博龙1, 张宇3, 张百岩3
作者信息
  • 1中国铁路设计集团有限公司城市轨道交通数字化建设与测评技术国家工程研究中心,天津 300308
  • 2北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044
  • 3中铁建南方建设投资有限公司,广东 深圳 518000
  • 谭新宇(1994—),男,博士,工程师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘卫丰(1975—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Track flexibility coefficient (TFC) of the floating slab track (FST) subjected to the moving wheel-rail forces
Xin-yu TAN1, 2 , Wei-feng LIU2 , Bo-long JIANG1, Yu ZHANG3, Bai-yan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China
  • 2School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044,China
  • 3China Railway Construction Southern Construction Investment Corporation, Shenzhen 518000,China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.010
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轨道柔度系数矩阵建立了移动轮轨力与轮轨接触点处钢轨位移响应之间的关系,是解析模型中对车辆系统和轨道系统进行耦合的关键和难点。本文在已有三维离散支承浮置板轨道频域解析模型基础上,提出了移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解方法。利用固定坐标系和移动坐标系间的关系,将浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解转化为对移动谐振荷载作用下钢轨固定点频域位移响应的积分的计算,为三维列车-浮置板轨道耦合解析模型的建立奠定基础,并量化了二维模型和三维模型的计算结果差异。自编程序对浮置板轨道柔度系数进行计算,结果表明:同一转向架内,前轴左侧轮轨力对前轴右侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数与该力对后轴左侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数大小相近,二维模型忽略了此影响;二维计算模型无法准确反映板在全部模态频率处的振动响应,进而影响轨道柔度系数的计算准确性;对浮置板轨道动力特性进行精细化分析时,宜使用三维模型。

浮置板轨道  /  轨道柔度系数  /  三维频域模型  /  无限周期结构理论  /  Kirchhoff薄板理论

To establish a 3D metro train-FST coupling model in the frequency domain,the key problem of the rail displacement at each moving wheel-rail contact point caused by all moving wheel-rail forces needs to be solved firstly. The matrix of the TFC establishes the relationship between them. Based on the established 3D discrete supported floating slab track model in the frequency domain,a method to calculate the TFC is put forward in this paper. Based on the relationship between the fixed and moving coordinate systems,the TFC to a moving point on FST can be written as the integration of the rail displacement response at a fixed point in the frequency domain caused by a moving harmonic load. After calculating the TFC of the 3D FST,some conclusions are obtained. At each excitation frequency,the TFC of a moving wheel-rail force to each wheel-rail contact point is the largest at the point of the force itself. Due to the moving of the wheel-rail force,there is a certain difference between the TFC of the front axle wheel-rail force to the rear axle wheel-rail contact point and that of the rear axle wheel-rail force to the rear axle wheel-rail contact point. In the same bogie,the TFC of the left wheel-rail force of the front axle to the right wheel-rail contact point of the same axle is similar to the TFC of that force to the left wheel-rail contact point of the rear axle. It is advisable to use a 3D model to finely analyze the dynamic characteristics of floating slab tracks.

floating slab track  /  track flexibility coefficient  /  3D model in the frequency domain  /  infinite periodic structure theory  /  Kirchhoff’s thin plate theory
谭新宇, 刘卫丰, 姜博龙, 张宇, 张百岩. 移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1898 -1905 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.010
Xin-yu TAN, Wei-feng LIU, Bo-long JIANG, Yu ZHANG, Bai-yan ZHANG. Track flexibility coefficient (TFC) of the floating slab track (FST) subjected to the moving wheel-rail forces[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1898 -1905 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.010
城市轨道交通蓬勃发展的同时,地铁列车运行引发的环境振动问题愈发严重,浮置板轨道由于其良好的减振性能被广泛应用于对振动较为敏感的区域中1。在对浮置板轨道性能的研究中,模型研究一直备受国内外学者关注:翟婉明等2在时域内用双梁模型模拟浮置板轨道,探究了列车运行时轨道的振动响应;HUSSEIN等3研究了荷载在连续支撑浮置板轨道模型上移动时系统的振动响应;马龙祥等4和黄强等5分别在频域和时域内建立了浮置板轨道模型,对移动荷载作用下浮置板轨道的减振性能进行研究。以上研究均基于二维浮置板模型进行。目前,随着对环境振动预测精度要求的不断提高,对浮置板轨道研究的要求也相应提高,建立三维列车-浮置板轨道动力学模型对系统振动响应进行精细化研究成为趋势6
目前,对三维浮置板轨道模型的研究分为时域模型研究和频域模型研究。ZHAI等7基于薄板理论,用薄板模型模拟浮置板,建立了三维列车-浮置板轨道耦合时域模型,并提出了求解系统振动响应的方法。YANG等8利用此模型计算了浮置板板端支承刚度加强前后轨道的振动响应。对于频域模型,李增光等9基于Kirchhoff薄板理论,采用动柔度法建立板式轨道模型,对具有不同相位的两个定点谐振荷载分别作用在左右两根钢轨时,浮置板轨道的动力响应进行了研究。SHENG等10引入周期性原理,考虑实际轨道的一半,建立了三维半轨道频域模型,对移动谐振荷载作用下的轨道振动响应进行计算。上述频域模型均对浮置板轨道进行较多简化,与实际情况相差较大,不利于进一步三维车-轨耦合模型的建立。
相较于时域模型,对三维列车-浮置板轨道耦合频域模型的研究较少。而由于频域模型具有计算时间短、无截断误差等优越性,在列车运行引起的环境振动预测方面有较为广泛的应用。谭新宇等11建立了服务于列车运行引发环境振动影响预测和评估方向的三维离散支承浮置板轨道频域解析模型,本文在此基础上,进一步推导得到了移动列车轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解方法,并对多种工况下的浮置板轨道柔度系数进行讨论,为三维列车-浮置板轨道频域耦合解析模型的建立奠定了基础。
为对移动轮轨力作用下浮置板轨道柔度系数进行求解,需在文献[11]所建模型的基础上,建立移动轮轨力与移动轮轨接触点钢轨位移间的关系。在三维浮置板轨道模型中,固定坐标系O-xyz和沿y轴与荷载同速运动的移动坐标系O'-x'y'z',两坐标系间满足y=y'+vt,如图1所示。时域内,左轨、右轨和浮置板在固定坐标系下的竖向位移分别为;移动坐标系下的位移分别为。对于浮置板轨道模型,每块浮置板长度范围内的轨道部分可视为一个周期,称之为轨道“基本元”;钢轨模拟为离散支撑的无限长Euler梁,浮置板模拟为离散支撑的四端自由Kirchhoff薄板,忽略相邻板间间隙;轨下扣件和板下钢弹簧均采用弹簧阻尼单元进行模拟。图1中,LsWshs分别为单块浮置板的长、宽、高;xr为左右轨间距;krcr分别为扣件的支承刚度和阻尼,扣件纵向间距为dr;钢弹簧的支承刚度和阻尼分别为kscs,钢弹簧纵向间距为dsFt)为单位谐振荷载,ω为荷载激振频率;荷载以速度 v移动。
本文仅对竖向轨道柔度系数进行计算分析。当激振频率为的单位移动谐振荷载在左侧钢轨上移动时,基本元内左、右侧钢轨及浮置板的频域运动方程为:
式中  分别为左轨、右轨和浮置板在频域内的竖向位移,符号“^”表示频域量;ErIr分别为钢轨的弹性模量和截面惯性矩;分别为浮置板的弹性模量、泊松比和密度;NrNs分别为单侧扣件和钢弹簧的数量;y0为荷载起始点的纵坐标;分别为左轨、右轨、左排钢弹簧和右排钢弹簧的横坐标;分别为第a个扣件和第b个钢弹簧的纵坐标。
列车运行状态下,当列车受轨道不平顺激励时,轮轨力可写成一系列激振频率不同的谐振荷载叠加的形式12。轨道柔度系数建立了移动单位谐振荷载与该荷载引起的钢轨在移动轮轨接触点处位移响应间的关系。因此,移动轮轨力下轨道柔度系数求解的实质即为求解移动单位谐振荷载作用下,与该荷载保持固定距离的各移动轮轨接触点处的钢轨位移响应,例如,在移动坐标系下,当第j轴轮轨接触点处有一激振频率为ωF的单位轮轨力在钢轨上移动时,在第i轴轮轨接触点处(拾振点),钢轨时域内的稳态响应可近似写为以轨道柔度系数为幅值的谐振响应13,如下式所示:
式中  为移动坐标系下第j轴激振频率为ωF的轮轨力对第i轴轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数函数;为列车第i轴和第j轴的距离,其中为第i轴在固定坐标系中的纵坐标。当轮轨力作用点与拾振点位于同根钢轨时,Δx=0;当轮轨力作用点与拾振点位于不同钢轨时,Δx=xr为移动坐标系下该移动谐振轮轨力引起的钢轨拾振点处在t时刻的位移响应。
图1所示,当一激振频率为ωF的单位移动轮轨力作用于左侧钢轨时,与该力纵向距离为D'位置处,左、右钢轨的时域位移响应可分别写为:
式中 下标“s”和“d”分别表示轮轨力作用点和拾振点位于同轨和异轨。
当轮对总数为的列车在轨道上运行时,激振频率为ωF的全部轮轨力作用下,对应左侧钢轨各轮轨接触点的轨道结构柔度系数矩阵为:
根据式(4)及固定坐标系O-xyz与移动坐标系O'-x'y'z'间的关系可知,固定坐标系下钢轨在点(x y) 处的时域位移响应为:
代替,得到:
对式(9)进行傅里叶变换,可得在激振频率为的移动单位谐振荷载作用下响应频率为的钢轨的频域位移表达式:
随后,对进行傅里叶逆变换,可得:
t=0时,将代入式(11)可得:
通过式(12),建立三维浮置板轨道模型中轨道柔度系数与固定坐标系下钢轨某定点频域位移响应间的积分关系,即可通过求解固定坐标系下特定位置处的钢轨频域位移响应得到相应的轨道结构柔度系数。接下来,对钢轨频域位移响应的求解进行推导。
本文将无限周期结构理论及模态叠加法引入轨道频域振动响应求解中。BELOTSERKOVSKIY14提出,移动谐振荷载作用在无限周期结构中时,结构上相隔一定周期两点的振动响应仅存在相位差异,即
式中  为无限长三维浮置板轨道模型上任一点的坐标,其纵坐标满足为该点在基本元内对应点的坐标;n为两点间相隔的周期数。
由此可得,移动谐振荷载作用下,无限长浮置板轨道内任一点的位移响应可通过求解该点在基本元内对应点的位移响应得到。当一激振频率为的单位移动谐振荷载作用于左侧钢轨时,轨道左轨、右轨和浮置板振动响应周期性关系的频域表达为:
根据此周期性关系,本文选取坐标范围在y=0到y=Ls间的浮置板轨道为基本元,对其位移响应进行求解。
移动谐振荷载作用下,无限周期轨道结构的频域响应可以写为级数表达的形式4。结合式(14),(15),钢轨位移可写为:
式中  p为纳入考虑的钢轨模态数量,实际计算中取NMR=2N+1的有限项;为钢轨模态系数。下文中,将用表示,称之为钢轨模态。
对于四边自由的矩形Kirchhoff薄板,双向梁函数组合级数逼近方法可较为准确地对薄板位移进行求解15,记为:
式中  Xmx)和Yny)分别为薄板x向和y向自由梁第m阶和n阶的模态振型;NxNy分别为xy向纳入考虑的模态数量;为浮置板模态系数。Xmx)和Yny)的表达式分别为:
式中  均为已知系数,具体取值见文献[15]。
引入,先将式(16)~(18)代入式(1)~(3),随后在钢轨方程等号两侧同乘q从-NN依次取值),在浮置板方程等号两侧同乘jk分别从1到Nx,1到Ny依次取值),然后对所得方程在一个基本元范围内进行积分,x向的积分范围为[0,Ws],y向的积分范围为[0,Ls]。由钢轨模态、自由梁函数的正交性以及δ函数的性质,可获得方程数量为(NMR+NMR+Nx×Ny)的方程组,整理后可写为矩阵形式:
式中  S为整理得到的(NMR+ NMR+Nx×Ny)阶已知方阵;C=[ T为待求模态系数列向量;F为(NMR+NMR+Nx×Ny)×1阶已知的外荷载列向量,其取值为:
对式(20)进行求解,可获得激振频率为ωF的单位谐振荷载在左侧钢轨移动时钢轨和浮置板模态系数。将相应的钢轨模态系数代回式(17)和(18),即可得到拾振点在基本元内对应点的频域位移响应
上文给出了移动荷载作用下钢轨频域位移响应的求解方法,结合式(12)给出的轨道柔度系数与钢轨频域位移响应间的关系,可利用MATLAB软件进行程序编制,通过数值法对轨道结构柔度系数进行求解,即
式中  a1=0.5,aM=0.5,aj=1(j取其他值);为采样频率间隔,需取较小值以保证计算精度;为采样频率点。
文献[13]求解了移动群荷载作用下二维浮置板轨道轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数,并将其应用于二维车-轨耦合模型中,通过解析方法及现场实测数据对比证明了其计算结果的准确性。本文以此为对照,对模型的正确性进行验证。令式(19)中Nx=1,则浮置板的横向仅考虑一阶沉浮振动模态,即浮置板在同一横截面上各点的垂向位移一致,此时浮置板轨道模型可视为二维模型。选取同一文献[13]的轨道参数,利用本文方法对同一轮轨接触点处的浮置板轨道柔度系数进行求解,将两种模型计算所得结果进行对比,如图2所示。
图2可知,相同工况下,应用本文模型计算得到的浮置板轨道柔度系数曲线与文献[13]中模型计算结果吻合良好,这验证了本文理论推导和程序编制的正确性,接下来将应用本文模型,对三维浮置板轨道模型中的轨道柔度系数进行计算分析。
浮置板轨道模型计算参数如表1所示。移动单位轮轨力的间距由北京地铁B型车轴距确定,计算考虑两节车厢对应的16个轮轨力,同一转向架两轮对轴距为2.2 m,两转向架间隔12.6 m,单车长度为19 m,其轮对轴距示意图如图3所示。车辆运行速度取60 km/h。由于本文所建模型主要针对车致环境振动领域,其关注频段通常为0~100 Hz频段,故在下文进行计算分析时,仅给出100 Hz以下频段的计算结果。在进行式(20)的计算时,采样2.4 节中轨道柔度系数求解频率数M取1001,同时计算模态数,此时计算结果的准确性可以保证4
图4给出了列车第1,8轴左侧移动轮轨力对自身轮轨接触点处及对同轴右侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数函数曲线,即A(Δx,dii,ωF模值与激振频率的关系曲线(轮对轴i=1,8)。
图4可知,轨道柔度系数在8 Hz附近达到峰值,此峰值频率与单位长度轨道连同钢弹簧支承构成的有阻尼单自由度体系自振频率相一致;另外,轨道柔度系数曲线在浮置板的多阶模态频率处出现极值,曲线总体呈现出波动状;不同位置的移动轮轨力对自身轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数相同,即A(0,d11,ωF=A(0,d88,ωF,说明各移动轮轨力对自身轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应的影响是相同的,与荷载所处的位置无关;同时,全频段内A(0,dii,ωF>A(xr,dii,ωF,说明左侧轮轨力引起的自身轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应大于该力引起的同轴右侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应。
图5给出了d21=-2.2 m和d12=2.2 m时,轨道柔度系数函数曲线A(Δx,d21,ωFA(Δx,d12,ωF,即列车第1轴左侧移动单位轮轨力对第2轴位置两轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数,以及第2轴左侧移动单位轮轨力对第1轴位置两轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数。
图5可知,A(0,d12ωF)和A(0,d21ωF)两曲线以及Axrd12ωF)和Axrd21ωF)两曲线有一定差别,在高于15 Hz频段范围内,差异值最大可达一个数量级,说明列车沿轨道定向移动时,前侧轮轨力引起的后侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应与后侧轮轨力引起的前侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应存在差异。这种荷载定向移动引起的轨道柔度系数的差异,是采用定点激励方式无法反映的。
图6给出了列车第1轴左侧移动单位轮轨力对第1,2,8轴左、右侧钢轨轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数函数曲线。由三条实线可以看出,各激振频率下,移动轮轨力对自身轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数最大,随着距离的增加,在绝大多数频段内,轨道柔度系数逐渐减小。曲线与曲线在全频段内较为接近,说明列车第1轴左侧轮轨力对第1轴右侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应的影响与该力对第2轴左侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应的影响相近,在各个频率上差异值不超过5%;相比而言,第1轴左侧轮轨力对第2轴右侧轮轨接触点处钢轨的位移响应的影响则较小。另外,两曲线基本重合,说明距离较远时(超过一节列车),移动轮轨力对其较远轮对的左、右侧轮轨接触点处钢轨位移响应影响的差别较小。
图7比较了二维模型与三维模型计算得到的曲线,用以定量比较二维、三维模型的计算结果差异。从图中可以看出,两种模型计算结果曲线的走势一致,但在20~40 Hz频段内,二维模型计算结果较三维模型大,单位轮轨力作用下最大差值可达4×10-9 m/N,差值约为三维模型计算值的30%;在低于10 Hz和高于60 Hz频段内,三维模型的计算结果略大,但两模型计算差值不超过8%。这是由于相较于二维模型,三维模型同时考虑了沿浮置板板宽方向的振动模态影响,即增加了对浮置板扭转振动模态及沿板宽方向的弯曲振动模态的考虑,其振动响应更为复杂。受此影响,本文参数条件下三维浮置板轨道在20~40 Hz频段内较二维模型存在多阶振型,使两种模型计算所得的轨道柔度系数在此频段内出现较为明显的振动差异。
本文基于已有的三维离散支承浮置板轨道频域解析模型,推导得到了浮置板轨道柔度系数的求解方法。利用固定坐标系和移动坐标系间的关系,把对轨道柔度系数的求解转化为求解固定坐标系下轨道某定点处频域位移响应的积分。钢轨和浮置板的位移用模态叠加的形式表示,利用模态函数的正交性和狄拉克函数的性质,通过求解轨道内某点的频域位移,最终得到浮置板轨道柔度系数,为三维列车-浮置板频域动力模型中车-轨耦合部分的实现打下了基础。同时,通过对浮置板轨道柔度系数的计算分析,得到如下结论:
(1) 轨道柔度系数曲线中,峰值出现在8 Hz附近,与单位长度轨道连同钢弹簧支承构成的有阻尼单自由度体系的自振频率一致,轨道柔度系数曲线在浮置板的多阶模态频率处出现极值。
(2) 由于轮轨力的移动效应,前轴轮轨力对后轴轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数与后轴轮轨力对前轴轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数存在一定差异。
(3) 同一转向架内,各激振频率下,前轴左侧轮轨力对自身轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数最大,对前轴右侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数与对后轴左侧轮轨接触点处的轨道柔度系数大小相近。移动轮轨力对距其较远的某轴左右侧轮轨接触点处轨道柔度系数的影响的差别较小。
(4) 本文计算参数下,二维模型和三维模型计算结果在20~40 Hz频段内存在较为明显的差异,当进行精细化分析时,应采用考虑沿板宽方向振动模态的三维计算模型对浮置板轨道振动响应进行分析。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178404)
  • 天津市科技计划资助项目(22JCQNJC01710)
  • 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L221021)
  • 北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金资助项目(L231022)
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2024年第37卷第11期
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文章信息
doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.010
  • 接收时间:2024-01-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-29
  • 修回日期:2024-03-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178404)
天津市科技计划资助项目(22JCQNJC01710)
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L221021)
北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金资助项目(L231022)
作者信息
    1中国铁路设计集团有限公司城市轨道交通数字化建设与测评技术国家工程研究中心,天津 300308
    2北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044
    3中铁建南方建设投资有限公司,广东 深圳 518000

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刘卫丰(1975—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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