Article(id=1228653709891142272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1667232000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-01, revisedDate=1670947200000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770863471720, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770863471720, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770863471720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863471720, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228653708687377017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='11', pageStart='1803', pageEnd='1992', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770863471433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770863902026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228655514792427774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228653708687377017, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1884, endPage=1897, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228653710134411906, articleId=1228653709891142272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Analysis of the vibration effects of metro operation on the national facility for earthquake engineering simulation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tianjin Metro Line 6 is adjacent to Beiyangyuan Campus of Tianjin University,and the train operation may cause adverse vibration effects on important infrastructures of the campus. In this paper,the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation of Tianjin University,which is close to the line,is taken as the research object. Firstly,the site vibration test is carried out on the sites distributed along the line and the adjacent constructions,through which the vibration attenuation law along the site and the vibration level of the control points in the constructions are studied. Furthermore,a whole process finite element model of tunneling-site-facility constructions is established,and the vibration simulation analysis of site and facility constructions is carried out considering whether the protected river exists or not (actually there is a protected river). The vibration isolation efficiency of the protected river is emphatically discussed. The research shows that the vibration impact of the operation of Tianjin Metro Line 6 on the large-scale earthquake engineering simulation research facilities of Tianjin University meets the limit requirements of the code. Affected by Tianjin soft soil and the protected river,the vertical acceleration attenuation of the site is significant,and the attenuation rate reaches 97.33% from 0m to 80 m. The design of the mass concrete foundation of the facility and its bottom pile foundation is helpful to the vibration control of the foundation itself. Due to the presence of protected river,the amplitude of the site and the large shaking table foundations was reduced by 40.87% and 27.97%,and the frequency spectrum of the site showed obvious “double peak” phenomenon in 0~20 Hz and 40~80 Hz bands.

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天津地铁6号线紧邻天津大学北洋园校区,列车运行可能会对学校重要建(构)筑物产生不利振动影响。本文以距该线路较近的天津大学国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施为研究对象,对沿线场地以及设施建(构)筑物进行现场振动测试,研究了振动沿场地的衰减规律和设施建(构)筑物内振动控制点的振动水平;建立了隧道⁃场地⁃设施建(构)筑物整体有限元模型,开展了有/无河道(实际存在河道)情况下,场地以及设施建(构)筑物振动仿真模拟分析,着重探讨了河道对场地和设施建(构)筑物的隔振情况。研究表明,由于天津软土场地及河道的影响,场地竖向加速度衰减显著,0~80 m衰减达97.33%;设施的大体积混凝土基础及其底部桩基设计有利于基础自身的振动控制;河道使得场地和设施大型振动台基础的加速度振幅分别降低40.87%和27.97%,场地频谱在0~20 Hz和40~70 Hz区间出现明显的“双峰”现象。

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巴振宁(1980—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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巴振宁(1980—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Shaking table foundation measured vibration peak

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基础测点加速度峰值/(mm·s-2速度峰值/(mm·s-1位移峰值/mm
xyzxyzxyz
大型振动台东南角点0.31710.28100.88110.03570.03280.09540.00350.00220.0054
西南角点0.30190.28411.05880.04690.03810.09870.00340.00280.0063
作动器+基础中心0.19520.17650.38950.02410.02370.08120.00240.00190.0039
水下振动台东南角点0.40130.80211.78310.05220.04220.15250.00420.00300.0093
西南角点0.38910.73261.93120.05740.06670.25870.00420.00540.0141
作动器+基础中心0.20520.42110.48590.03050.03950.08590.00280.00250.0049
), ArticleFig(id=1228653728593543399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

振动台基础实测振动峰值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基础测点加速度峰值/(mm·s-2速度峰值/(mm·s-1位移峰值/mm
xyzxyzxyz
大型振动台东南角点0.31710.28100.88110.03570.03280.09540.00350.00220.0054
西南角点0.30190.28411.05880.04690.03810.09870.00340.00280.0063
作动器+基础中心0.19520.17650.38950.02410.02370.08120.00240.00190.0039
水下振动台东南角点0.40130.80211.78310.05220.04220.15250.00420.00300.0093
西南角点0.38910.73261.93120.05740.06670.25870.00420.00540.0141
作动器+基础中心0.20520.42110.48590.03050.03950.08590.00280.00250.0049
), ArticleFig(id=1228653728677429481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Geometric parameters of building (structure) components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称梁/mm板/mm柱/mm桩/mm
仿真中心H650×250×14×18120600×450×25600
大型振动台基础1000×600500~7501200×1200700
水下振动台基础1000×600400~7501000×1000700
), ArticleFig(id=1228653728786481391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

设施建(构)筑物构件几何参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称梁/mm板/mm柱/mm桩/mm
仿真中心H650×250×14×18120600×450×25600
大型振动台基础1000×600500~7501200×1200700
水下振动台基础1000×600400~7501000×1000700
), ArticleFig(id=1228653728891338998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设施建(构)筑物名称弹性模量/MPa密度/(kg·m-3泊松比瑞利阻尼系数
αβ
仿真中心(钢)2.35×10578500.30.62320.0029
仿真中心(混凝土)3.00×10423600.20.62320.0029
大型振动台基础3.00×10423600.21.38180.0014
水下振动台基础3.00×10423600.20.63680.0032
), ArticleFig(id=1228653728958447866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设施建(构)筑物名称弹性模量/MPa密度/(kg·m-3泊松比瑞利阻尼系数
αβ
仿真中心(钢)2.35×10578500.30.62320.0029
仿真中心(混凝土)3.00×10423600.20.62320.0029
大型振动台基础3.00×10423600.21.38180.0014
水下振动台基础3.00×10423600.20.63680.0032
), ArticleFig(id=1228653729071694079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Lining,backfill concrete for inverted arch,rail sleeper and track material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称材料类别弹性模量/MPa密度/(kg·m-3泊松比
衬砌C505.00×10425000.2
仰拱回填混凝土C303.00×10423600.2
轨枕C303.00×10423600.2
钢轨T60钢轨235.00×10473500.2
), ArticleFig(id=1228653729184940299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

衬砌、仰拱回填混凝土、轨枕及钢轨材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称材料类别弹性模量/MPa密度/(kg·m-3泊松比
衬砌C505.00×10425000.2
仰拱回填混凝土C303.00×10423600.2
轨枕C303.00×10423600.2
钢轨T60钢轨235.00×10473500.2
), ArticleFig(id=1228653729277214991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Soil dynamics parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号土类厚度/m剪切波速/(m·s-1密度/(kg·m-3泊松比
1黏土4.313019000.35
2粉质黏土5.615018900.30
3粉质黏土6.619019600.30
4粉砂6.623020000.33
5粉土8.428020100.25
6粉砂10.030020150.33
7粉质黏土8.532021000.31
8黏土12.035020350.30
9粉质黏土8.040021400.33
), ArticleFig(id=1228653729386266899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228653709891142272, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

土层动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号土类厚度/m剪切波速/(m·s-1密度/(kg·m-3泊松比
1黏土4.313019000.35
2粉质黏土5.615018900.30
3粉质黏土6.619019600.30
4粉砂6.623020000.33
5粉土8.428020100.25
6粉砂10.030020150.33
7粉质黏土8.532021000.31
8黏土12.035020350.30
9粉质黏土8.040021400.33
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地铁运行对国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施的振动影响分析
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巴振宁 1, 2, 3 , 符瞻远 1, 3 , 韩庆华 1, 2, 3 , 梁建文 1, 2, 3 , 刘又恺 3
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(11): 1884-1897
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(11): 1884-1897
地铁运行对国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施的振动影响分析
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巴振宁1, 2, 3 , 符瞻远1, 3, 韩庆华1, 2, 3, 梁建文1, 2, 3, 刘又恺3
作者信息
  • 1天津大学中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 2天津大学滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 3天津大学建筑工程学院,天津 300350
  • 巴振宁(1980—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

Analysis of the vibration effects of metro operation on the national facility for earthquake engineering simulation
Zhen-ning BA1, 2, 3 , Zhan-yuan FU1, 3, Qing-hua HAN1, 2, 3, Jian-wen LIANG1, 2, 3, You-kai LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering Simulation and Seismic Resilience of China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of China Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China
  • 3School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.009
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天津地铁6号线紧邻天津大学北洋园校区,列车运行可能会对学校重要建(构)筑物产生不利振动影响。本文以距该线路较近的天津大学国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施为研究对象,对沿线场地以及设施建(构)筑物进行现场振动测试,研究了振动沿场地的衰减规律和设施建(构)筑物内振动控制点的振动水平;建立了隧道⁃场地⁃设施建(构)筑物整体有限元模型,开展了有/无河道(实际存在河道)情况下,场地以及设施建(构)筑物振动仿真模拟分析,着重探讨了河道对场地和设施建(构)筑物的隔振情况。研究表明,由于天津软土场地及河道的影响,场地竖向加速度衰减显著,0~80 m衰减达97.33%;设施的大体积混凝土基础及其底部桩基设计有利于基础自身的振动控制;河道使得场地和设施大型振动台基础的加速度振幅分别降低40.87%和27.97%,场地频谱在0~20 Hz和40~70 Hz区间出现明显的“双峰”现象。

地铁列车  /  现场振动测试  /  有限元分析  /  振动影响

Tianjin Metro Line 6 is adjacent to Beiyangyuan Campus of Tianjin University,and the train operation may cause adverse vibration effects on important infrastructures of the campus. In this paper,the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation of Tianjin University,which is close to the line,is taken as the research object. Firstly,the site vibration test is carried out on the sites distributed along the line and the adjacent constructions,through which the vibration attenuation law along the site and the vibration level of the control points in the constructions are studied. Furthermore,a whole process finite element model of tunneling-site-facility constructions is established,and the vibration simulation analysis of site and facility constructions is carried out considering whether the protected river exists or not (actually there is a protected river). The vibration isolation efficiency of the protected river is emphatically discussed. The research shows that the vibration impact of the operation of Tianjin Metro Line 6 on the large-scale earthquake engineering simulation research facilities of Tianjin University meets the limit requirements of the code. Affected by Tianjin soft soil and the protected river,the vertical acceleration attenuation of the site is significant,and the attenuation rate reaches 97.33% from 0m to 80 m. The design of the mass concrete foundation of the facility and its bottom pile foundation is helpful to the vibration control of the foundation itself. Due to the presence of protected river,the amplitude of the site and the large shaking table foundations was reduced by 40.87% and 27.97%,and the frequency spectrum of the site showed obvious “double peak” phenomenon in 0~20 Hz and 40~80 Hz bands.

metro train  /  field measurement of vibration  /  finite element analysis  /  vibration influence
巴振宁, 符瞻远, 韩庆华, 梁建文, 刘又恺. 地铁运行对国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施的振动影响分析. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1884 -1897 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.009
Zhen-ning BA, Zhan-yuan FU, Qing-hua HAN, Jian-wen LIANG, You-kai LIU. Analysis of the vibration effects of metro operation on the national facility for earthquake engineering simulation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (11) : 1884 -1897 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.009
地铁作为一种安全快捷的出行方式,具备能耗低、污染少等优点,在解决城市交通问题方面具有重要的地位和作用。地铁常穿越商业中心、居住区或文教区,由于振动引起的工程结构安全隐患14、振动敏感设备无法正常使用58和人体舒适度降低912等问题十分突出,因而开展地铁运行引起的场地振动衰减和建(构)筑物振动响应分析具有十分重要的意义。
目前,国内外学者通常采用经验法、数值法和现场测试法对地铁运行下场地及建(构)筑物的振动影响开展研究。其中,经验法基于振动衰减的基本理论和测试数据,提出简化的振动衰减预测公式1315,如HUNT16结合铁路车辆和轨道现有模型,提出了一种能够预测从铁路到邻近场地再到建筑物的振动方法,可用于定性或半定量计算分析,但无法全面考虑影响轨道交通振动的诸多因素17。数值法具有较好便捷性,适用于多工况参数分析1823,如GUPTA等24提出了一种利用耦合周期有限元⁃边界元模型来预测地铁对场地的振动影响,但数值法实施时需尽可能保证模型结构、基本假设和输入参数与实际接近25。现场测试法结果最为准确2630,可作为校核和评判预测结果的标尺,如冯青松等31基于广州某车辆段实测,分析了列车运行引起试车线、咽喉区、检修线区域的振动特性差异和衰减规律;DEGRANDE等32基于伦敦某地铁线路现场实测,研究了地铁对公园邻近场地的振动影响;李明航等33对北京某地铁线路的同一区间内2个断面进行现场原位测试,从时域、频域多角度出发,分析了振动源强的离散特征以及不同频段的控制因素,但测试法实施时也容易受到各种客观条件的制约和限制。
国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施距天津地铁6号线最近距离仅80 m。此外,考虑天津滨海场地的软土特性,地铁振动对国家大型地震工程模拟设施振动的影响是一项十分值得开展的研究。本文采用现场测试结合数值模拟的方法开展了振动影响研究。首先,选取设施中的大型振动台基础、水下振动台基础和仿真中心为研究对象,设计现场振动测试方案并使用CMG⁃5TCDE强震仪进行了现场振动测试,分析了地铁运行引起场地的振动衰减规律及其对设施建(构)筑物的振动影响;然后采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了有/无河道情况的隧道⁃场地⁃设施建(构)筑物整体有限元模型,将振动测试结果与数值模拟结果对比,验证了模型的精度并进一步分析了河道的隔振效率。研究可为开展地铁运行对天津大学内具有振动控制要求的建(构)筑物的振动影响评估和减隔振方案分析提供参考。
“十三五”国家重大科技基础设施“国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施”位于天津大学北洋园校区西南侧,设施规划用地面积约66000 m2,包括实验中心和仿真中心,分别如图1(a)和(b)所示。其中,实验中心内包括大型地震模拟振动台(台面尺寸为20 m×16 m,最大载重为1350 t,满载水平最大加速度为1.5g,满载竖向最大加速度为2.0g)、水下可移动双子台振动台台阵(台面尺寸为6 m×6 m,最大载重为150 t,满载水平最大加速度为1.5g,满载竖向最大加速度为2.0g)和高水平造波造流试验水池及配套设施等。仿真中心则配备试验测试分析设备,可为设施科学研究提供高性能计算、数值计算、仿真分析、智能可视化分析、大数据分析及开放共享等功能。大型振动台基础和水下基础均为振动台核心大体积混凝土与周边钢筋混凝土框架结构,底部均采用桩基础设计;仿真中心为钢框架结构,底部采用桩基础设计。
设施位于天津地铁6号线二期北部。其中,实验中心的大型振动台基础和水下振动台基础均与地铁线路平行,分别距地铁中心线100和80 m左右;仿真中心与地铁线路呈5°夹角,距线路90 m左右。鉴于设施距地铁振动源较近且地铁运行可能会对其造成不利振动影响,选取大型振动台基础、水下振动台基础和仿真中心为测试对象。现场布置如图1(c)所示。
测试仪器选用英国Guralp Systems公司生产的CMG⁃5TCDE一体化强震仪(内部的加速度计包含三个独立的用于测量垂直、南北、东西方向的三个传感器,最高采样频率可达1000 Hz),该仪器配置Scream软件与数据分析处理软件ART3,可完成从测试到数据后处理的一体化操作。振动测试仪器与配套设备如图2所示。
依据文献[31]中的研究,地铁运行产生的振动主要集中在30~80 Hz。由于数据在进行离散化时会产生频率混叠现象,依据奈奎斯特采样定理(当采样频率大于信号中最高频率的2倍时,采样得到的数字信号就能够较为完整地保留信号的原始信息),将此次测试的采样频率定为200 Hz。
为了研究地铁振动沿场地的衰减规律及振动对设施建(构)筑物的影响,振动测点分别布置在沿线场地、设施实验中心内的水下振动台基础和大型振动台基础、设施仿真中心内。场地测点的测振次数按照《城市区域环境振动测量方法》(GB 10071―88)34规定,每个测点连续测量20次,取算术平均值(下文相同)。设施地震模拟振动台基础的测振次数参考《建筑工程容许振动标准》(GB 50868―2013)35规定,每个测点连续测量5次。设施仿真中心的测振次数参考《住宅建筑室内振动限值及其测量方法标准》(GB/T 50355―2018)36规定,每个测点连续测量5次。测点整体布置如图3所示。
地铁6号线距水下振动台基础最近距离仅80 m,为尽可能分析场地振动衰减规律,场地测点布置如图3(a)所示:沿地铁⁃水下振动台基础线路上每隔20 m布置一个测点,共5个测点,并标记为0 m测点、20 m测点、40 m测点、60 m测点和80 m测点,其中0 m测点代表地铁线路正上方,80 m测点接近水下振动台基础,可作为振动由场地传至设施建(构)筑物前的状态参考,测量竖向加速度。
参考《建筑工程容许振动标准》(GB 50868―2013)35对振动试验台振动控制点的相关规定,选取基础中心和作动器底座附近(基础中心和作动器位置近似视为同一测点)、靠近地铁线路一侧的两个角点(东南角点、西南角点)作为振动测试点,如图3(b)和(c)所示,测量水平向和竖向加速度。
同样地,参考《建筑工程容许振动标准》(GB 50868―2013)35对建筑结构振动评价位置的相关规定,选取仿真中心建筑物室内地面中央作为振动测试点,测量竖向加速度。其中仿真中心共4个建筑层,每层楼空间结构布置基本相同,测点布置于每层的相同位置处,如图3(d)所示,测量竖向加速度。
图4给出了场地竖向加速度实测结果。由于场地土为软土且20~40 m处存在河道,场地竖向振动衰减迅速,距线路正上方20,40和80 m处的加速度衰减率分别达到了67.25%,91.39%和97.33%。此外,场地各个测点的背景振动相近且幅值均小于80 m测点实测结果的20%,场地的背景振动对测试结果影响较小,地铁可认为是天津大学北洋园校区在建设施周边的主要环境振动源。
场地0,40和80 m位置振动加速度频谱如图5所示。对比可知,随着距离的增加,场地振动主频段呈现由高频向低频迁移、由集中到分散的情况。如0 m近场位置振动主频段集中分布在50~70 Hz内,80 m测点处的振动主频段分布在0~40 Hz内。值得注意的是,40 m测点处的振动主频出现在40~70 Hz区间,但振动波在0~20 Hz频段存在放大效应导致频谱图像出现了明显的“双峰”现象,推测出现上述现象的原因是受河道局部地形产生波的反射叠加效应37
表1给出了大型振动台基础、水下振动台基础测点的加速度、速度、位移实测振动峰值(采用积分的方式将加速度测量结果转化为速度和位移)。分析可知,大型振动台基础和水下振动台基础最大振动加速度、速度和位移均出现在西南角点位置且振动方向均为竖向,地铁6号线运行对天津大学地震模拟振动台的正常使用影响较小。此外,水下振动台基础西南角点及其紧邻80 m处场地地表点的振动加速度分别为1.93和2.45 mm/s2,振动由场地传至结构内部后峰值加速度下降21.2%,表明目前基础设计采用的大体积混凝土及其底部桩基等设计有利于基础自身振动的控制。
图6给出了仿真中心测点的Z振级(概念及计算公式参考文献[17])实测结果。对比各层测点的振动响应可知,由于地铁6号线和仿真中心建筑长轴方向存在5°左右的夹角(1⁃1~1⁃4号测点距线路最近,3⁃1~3⁃4号测点距线路最远),同层不同测点的Z振级相差约4~5 dB。随着楼层增加,仿真中心的Z振级出现先减小后增大的趋势。出现这种现象的原因为振动波在楼层间的传递主要是通过框架柱和墙体向上传播,受到不同入射波和反射波叠加的影响,楼板的振动并非随着楼层的增加呈现单调性的增加或减小。并且仿真中心只有4个结构层,向上传递的振动波尚未经结构阻尼充分耗散,因此Z振级最大处出现在顶层,如果楼层继续增加,Z振级或将再次出现减小的趋势。此外,由于仿真中心底部桩基础增大了整体的质量和刚度,不易被激振,各楼层间的Z振级变化幅度最大仅为1.72 dB,相似工况下的低层框架结构振动影响测试可仅选取振动响应较大的首层和顶层处位置开展。
为了分析河道对场地及设施建(构)筑物的隔振效率,本文利用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立有/无河道两种工况下的有限元对比分析模型。
设施实验中心的大型振动台基础和水下振动台基础平面尺寸分别为105 m×95 m和145 m×122 m,基底大部埋深为15.2 m,底部均采用混凝土桩基础。设施仿真中心层高3.1 m,共4层,底部同样采用混凝土桩基础。简化后设施建(构)筑物构件的几何参数如表2所示。模型中大体积混凝土基础采用C3D8实体单元分层分构件精细化模拟,梁、柱和桩均采用B31梁单元,楼板采用S4壳单元,根据文献[38]的研究确定网格尺寸为1 m。
隧道外径d1=6.6 m,内径d2=6 m,圆形衬砌厚0.3 m,埋置深度d=13.2 m,运行车速约为60 km/h。仰拱回填混凝土的厚度h=1.5 m,轮轨间距L=1.475 m,隧道间距为7 m。此外,轨枕为2500 mm×220 mm×160 mm的长方体,轨道为T60型,简化为图7所示工字型截面建模,单位长度质量为m=60.64 kg。模型中隧道衬砌以及隧道仰拱回填混凝土模型采用C3D8实体单元,钢轨采用B31梁单元,网格尺寸为0.22 m。
场地模型尺寸设为70 m×60 m×360 m(垂向深度×轴向长度×水平宽度),采用C3D8实体单元,综合考虑材料剪切波速、地铁振动频率及其计算效率的影响,确定场地的网格尺寸为0.22~4 m。整体及各部分有限元模型示意图如图8所示。
设施中的大型振动台基础、水下振动台基础采用C30混凝土,仿真中心主体结构采用Q355。材料阻尼比均取为0.05,实际计算时采用瑞利阻尼并根据文献[39]方法确定,相关材料参数如表3所示。
隧道内仰拱回填混凝土采用C30混凝土,衬砌和轨枕采用C50混凝土(考虑到本文采用的整体建模方法会增大隧道结构整体强度,计算时将隧道衬砌与仰拱回填混凝土的混凝土弹性模量乘以折减系数0.7540),各部件材料参数如表4所示。
依照《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011―2016)41第4.1.4条规定中对基岩剪切波速的要求,结合地勘数据确定场地覆盖层厚度为70 m。为便于建模计算,将剪切波速相似的土层合并划归为9层,阻尼比近似统一为0.01,同样采用文献[38]方法确定实际计算的瑞利阻尼系数为α=0.124,β=3.15×10-5,其他参数如表5所示。
设施建(构)筑物均采用桩基础,在场地土层中通过内置区域约束设置接触。为了较好还原力在各个实体之间的传递过程,振动台基础和土体之间,以及土体和隧道之间采用面面接触,法向采取硬接触,切向根据材料间摩擦系数定义罚函数接触,仰拱回填混凝土和轨枕以及轨枕和钢轨之间采用绑定约束。
此外,由于钢筋混凝土建筑结构在地铁振动中的变形可以忽略不计,结构在受力变形过程中梁柱节点处的夹角保持不变,本文研究的目标建筑均可假定为刚性节点,因此本文将仿真中心的梁柱板桩等各构件合并成一个部件,并在ABAQUS的Property模块中使用Stringer功能以实现梁柱结构的连接。大型振动台基础和水下振动台基础均采用整体现浇施工工艺,因此分层建立的构件模型之间采用绑定约束。
为避免有限元模拟时,列车引发的振动波传至场地模型边缘时产生反射波对场地内部区域造成影响,本文采用三维黏弹性边界来减小截断边界的影响,实现方法为分别沿三个坐标轴方向,在边界节点处设置三个坐标方向的弹簧和阻尼单元。以边界上某节点b为例,弹簧刚度和阻尼可以表示为42
式中  KbnKbt分别为黏弹性边界法向和切向的弹簧刚度;CbnCbt分别为黏弹性边界法向和切向的阻尼系数;G为介质的剪切模量;Ab为边界节点的影响面积,即图9虚线所包围的部分;为介质质量密度;cPcS分别为介质的P波和S波波速;分别为法向和切向弹簧的修正系数,本文采用文献[43]的推荐值R为散射波源到人工边界节点的距离,计算时取模型的长、宽和高的一半的平方和开方。
具体实施时,采用文献[44]研究成果,通过对ABAQUS软件进行二次开发,运用Python编程输入每层土参数(密度、剪切波速和压缩波速等)并计算每层土的弹簧刚度、阻尼以及单元影响面积,批量化自动设置各土层的弹簧和阻尼参数,施加后的整体模型以及三维黏弹性边界示意如图9所示。
天津地铁6号线采用地铁A型车,6辆编组。A型车厢车身质量为44000 kg,转向架质量为2418 kg,轮对质量为1150 kg,其他相关参数如图10所示。
地铁列车轮载的模拟方法采用激振力函数法43,此方法综合考虑了地铁列车振动性质、轨道不平顺、车速以及荷载工况等影响因素,具体公式为:
式中  为列车振动荷载;F为车轮静载;为考虑列车轨道不平顺所产生的荷载,为所对应的圆频率。
式中  为列车的簧下质量;为列车平稳性参数;为作用到线路上的动力附加荷载和波形磨耗;vi表示列车速度。
根据天津地铁线路的实际轨道状况,分别取三种典型不平顺波长和相应矢高:L1=10 m,q1=5 mm;L2=2 m,q2=0.4 mm;L3=0.4 m,q3=0.08 mm。结合上述参数取值和公式(2)即可得到各个列车时速下的地铁振动荷载时程曲线。本文模拟的列车运行工况时速为60 km/h,计算得到相应时程曲线如图11所示。为了模拟列车荷载的移动,利用ABAQUS自带的DLOAD子程序实现列车荷载的施加。通过编写子程序语句输入荷载的时程关系以及荷载作用位置随时间的变化关系,以此实现移动轮载的施加。
场地振动对比分析点位的选取如图3所示(下文基础和仿真中心的对比分析点位均与测试点位相同),0~80 m共5个分析点的振动实测结果与有限元计算模拟结果(包括场地模型挖出河道和未挖出河道两种模拟工况)汇总如图12所示,图1314分别给出了场地振动衰减曲线和加速度频谱。
对比图12~14中实测与含河道工况的数值模拟结果可知,场地各个分析点的振动加速度误差最大为16.8%,Z振级误差最大为4.26%,加速度频谱也基本保持一致,为无河道工况数值模拟结果以及后续对比分析提供了一定的精度保证。由图13的衰减曲线可以明显看出0和20 m分析点的实测结果略大于模拟结果,40~80 m分析点的实测结果反而小于模拟结果。误差原因主要是实际测试中下行线列车引起场地振动的时段会和上行线列车的振动时段部分重合,双向列车运行的共同作用导致近场范围的振动偏大,而实际河道填充水且地形存在一定起伏,使得实测结果的隔振效率优于数值模拟结果。
对比图1213中有/无河道工况的数值模拟结果可知,场地振动响应在20 m河道位置处开始出现明显分支,40 m位置处有/无河道情况下的加速度分别为11.77和6.96 mm/s2,紧邻河道位置场地的振幅降低40.87%。对比图14中频谱结果可知,0和80 m处场地振动频谱的峰值和主振频率基本吻合。有河道情况场地加速度频谱主频段在0~20 Hz 和40~70 Hz,较无河道情况存在明显的“双峰”现象,这也验证了本文2.1节的相关结论。
大型振动台和水下振动台基础各个分析点的实测结果与有限元模拟结果(包括场地模型挖出河道和未挖出河道两种模拟工况)如图1516所示。
图1516可知,大型振动台基础和水下振动台基础的加速度、速度、位移响应最大值方向均出现在竖向,加速度振幅分别降低27.97%和15.25%。由此可知,除2.2节所述大体积混凝土基础及其底部桩基设计外,河道的存在同样有利于基础的振动控制。
仿真中心各个分析点的振动实测结果与有限元计算模拟结果(包括场地模型挖出河道和未挖出河道两种模拟工况)汇总如图17所示。对比实测与含河道工况的数值模拟结果可知,无河道情况下仿真中心各层Z振级较有河道情况增大约1~4 dB,最大值为54.66 dB。此外,随着楼层增加,仿真中心的Z振级出现先减小后增大的现象,原因同2.3节所述。
针对天津地铁6号线可能会对临近天津大学北洋园校区国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施建(构)筑物产生不利振动影响,本文采用现场测试和数值模拟相结合的方法,首先对沿线场地及设施建(构)筑物进行现场振动测试,分析了振动沿场地的衰减规律和设施建(构)筑物内振动控制点的振动水平,并论证了各建(构)筑物的振动响应均满足规范要求,确保了振动台的正常使用和仿真中心的人员舒适度能得到满足;然后采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS开展了有/无河道情况下的隧道⁃场地⁃设施建(构)筑物全过程地铁振动有限元数值仿真模拟,着重探讨了河道对沿线场地及设施建(构)筑物的隔振效率,得到了如下结论:
(1)由于场地土为软土且20~40 m处存在河道的影响,场地振动衰减迅速,40和80 m位置处的竖向振动加速度衰减率分别达到了91.39%和97.33%。
(2)由于基础大体积混凝土及其底部桩基等设计有利于基础自身的振动控制,水下振动台基础西南角点的加速度幅值由邻近地表点的2.45降至1.93 mm/s2
(3)仿真中心为含桩基础的框架结构,受到不同入射波和反射波叠加的影响,测试Z振级随楼层升高呈现先减小后增大的趋势。此外,底部桩基础增大了整体的质量和刚度,使得各楼层间的Z振级变化最大仅为1.72 dB,相似工况下的低层框架结构振动影响测试可仅选取振动响应较大的首层和顶层处位置开展。
(4)对比有/无河道的场地及设施建(构)筑物振动响应,场地振动在20 m河道位置开始出现明显分支,场地和设施大型振动台基础的加速度振幅分别降低40.87%和27.97%。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178495)
  • 天津市科技计划项目(24ZYYYJC00100)
  • 天津市研究生科研创新项目(2021YJSB145)
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2024年第37卷第11期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.11.009
  • 接收时间:2022-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-01
  • 修回日期:2022-12-14
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178495)
天津市科技计划项目(24ZYYYJC00100)
天津市研究生科研创新项目(2021YJSB145)
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    1天津大学中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津 300350
    2天津大学滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津 300350
    3天津大学建筑工程学院,天津 300350
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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