Article(id=1228634336182858673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634329748796239, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.08.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1666195200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-20, revisedDate=1675094400000, revisedDateStr=2023-01-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858852668, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1724774400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858852668, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858852668, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858852668, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634329748796239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='8', pageStart='1269', pageEnd='1450', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858851134, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859054135, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635181259620818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634329748796239, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635181263815123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634329748796239, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1290, endPage=1298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634337915106251, articleId=1228634336182858673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Fast robust control of oscillatory base manipulators based on variable power log-reaching law, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A fast robust control strategy based on variable power log-reaching law is proposed for a class of manipulator systems with uncertain random oscillations in the mounting base. The uncertain dynamic model of the system is established based on Euler-Lagrange equation,and the oscillation term of the base in the model is regarded as the uncertain external disturbance force of the manipulator system. A new approach law of variable power logarithm function is proposed,which can realize the rapid approach of the system state far away from the sliding mode surface,and ensure the effective chattering suppression after approaching the sliding mode surface. On this basis,combined with a fast terminal sliding surface,a fast robust controller is designed,which can further improve the state convergence rate of the system. The finite-time convergence of the controller is proved based on Lyapunov stability theory. An experimental platform is built to further verify the effectiveness of the controller.

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针对一类安装基座存在不确定随机振动的机械臂系统,提出了一种基于变幂次对数趋近律的快速鲁棒控制策略。基于Euler-Lagrange方程建立了系统的不确定动力学模型,并将模型中的基座振动项提取出来看作机械臂所受的不确定外部扰动力。提出了一种全新的变幂次对数函数趋近律,既能实现系统状态在远离滑模面时的快速趋近,又能保证在接近滑模面后的抖振能够被有效抑制。在此基础之上,结合一种快速终端滑模面设计了系统的快速鲁棒控制器,进一步提高了系统状态的收敛速度。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计控制器的有限时间收敛特性。搭建了实验平台,通过实验进一步验证所设计控制器的有效性。

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郭宇飞(1985—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:
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谌 豪(1998—),男,硕士研究生。 E-mail:

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Experimental group

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组别控制器振动情况负载/kg
组一快速鲁棒无振动0
普通滑模无振动0
组二快速鲁棒垂直振动0
普通滑模垂直振动0
组三快速鲁棒垂直振动0
快速鲁棒垂直振动0.25
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实验分组

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组别控制器振动情况负载/kg
组一快速鲁棒无振动0
普通滑模无振动0
组二快速鲁棒垂直振动0
普通滑模垂直振动0
组三快速鲁棒垂直振动0
快速鲁棒垂直振动0.25
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System parameters and control parameters

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参数数值参数数值
0.228q7
0.2285
0.212
0.212
0.5
1
32
123
310
115
p510
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系统参数与控制参数

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参数数值参数数值
0.228q7
0.2285
0.212
0.212
0.5
1
32
123
310
115
p510
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基于变幂次对数趋近律的振动基机械臂快速鲁棒控制
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谌豪 1, 2 , 郭宇飞 1, 2 , 许盛悦 1, 2 , 王志刚 1 , 郝志强 1
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(8): 1290-1298
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(8): 1290-1298
基于变幂次对数趋近律的振动基机械臂快速鲁棒控制
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谌豪1, 2 , 郭宇飞1, 2 , 许盛悦1, 2, 王志刚1, 郝志强1
作者信息
  • 1武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 2武汉科技大学机器人与智能系统研究院,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 谌 豪(1998—),男,硕士研究生。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭宇飞(1985—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:
Fast robust control of oscillatory base manipulators based on variable power log-reaching law
Hao CHEN1, 2 , Yu-fei GUO1, 2 , Sheng-yue XU1, 2, Zhi-gang WANG1, Zhi-qiang HAO1
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China
  • 2Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China
出版时间: 2024-08-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.08.003
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针对一类安装基座存在不确定随机振动的机械臂系统,提出了一种基于变幂次对数趋近律的快速鲁棒控制策略。基于Euler-Lagrange方程建立了系统的不确定动力学模型,并将模型中的基座振动项提取出来看作机械臂所受的不确定外部扰动力。提出了一种全新的变幂次对数函数趋近律,既能实现系统状态在远离滑模面时的快速趋近,又能保证在接近滑模面后的抖振能够被有效抑制。在此基础之上,结合一种快速终端滑模面设计了系统的快速鲁棒控制器,进一步提高了系统状态的收敛速度。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计控制器的有限时间收敛特性。搭建了实验平台,通过实验进一步验证所设计控制器的有效性。

振动基机械臂  /  滑模控制  /  有限时间控制  /  趋近律

A fast robust control strategy based on variable power log-reaching law is proposed for a class of manipulator systems with uncertain random oscillations in the mounting base. The uncertain dynamic model of the system is established based on Euler-Lagrange equation,and the oscillation term of the base in the model is regarded as the uncertain external disturbance force of the manipulator system. A new approach law of variable power logarithm function is proposed,which can realize the rapid approach of the system state far away from the sliding mode surface,and ensure the effective chattering suppression after approaching the sliding mode surface. On this basis,combined with a fast terminal sliding surface,a fast robust controller is designed,which can further improve the state convergence rate of the system. The finite-time convergence of the controller is proved based on Lyapunov stability theory. An experimental platform is built to further verify the effectiveness of the controller.

oscillatory base manipulator  /  sliding mode control  /  finite time control  /  reaching law
谌豪, 郭宇飞, 许盛悦, 王志刚, 郝志强. 基于变幂次对数趋近律的振动基机械臂快速鲁棒控制. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (8) : 1290 -1298 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.08.003
Hao CHEN, Yu-fei GUO, Sheng-yue XU, Zhi-gang WANG, Zhi-qiang HAO. Fast robust control of oscillatory base manipulators based on variable power log-reaching law[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (8) : 1290 -1298 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.08.003
振动基机械臂是一类安装基座存在不确定随机振动的机械系统1。许多机械臂可归为这一范畴,如坦克弹药传输机械臂,其安装基座,即车体,在坦克行进中会受不平路面激励产生剧烈振动2。此类机械臂还包括太空漂浮机械臂、船舶起重机械臂、水下作业机械臂等3-5。安装基座的不确定随机振动给机械臂本体带来了强烈的非线性扰动影响,进而给其控制带来很大的挑战。如何抑制基座振动的影响,实现机械臂本体的快速、鲁棒控制,是振动基机械臂领域的研究热点和难点。
振动基机械臂的鲁棒控制已经吸引了许多学者的研究。如Toda6针对海洋平台作业机械臂,提出了一种基于H控制和PD控制的鲁棒跟踪控制策略。褚明等7基于粒子群优化算法,实现了太空漂浮机械臂的鲁棒镇定控制。娄军强等8针对空间柔性基座机械臂,提出一种基于模糊自适应的控制器。此外,滑模控制作为一种强鲁棒控制策略,因对被控对象模型依赖更少,也被广泛应用于振动基机械臂控制领域。如孙友刚等9针对海上浮式起重机械臂在风浪干扰下的位置跟踪问题,提出了一种二阶滑模轨迹跟踪控制器。Guayasamín等10基于Lyapunov理论和滑模控制,实现了无人机机械臂的鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制。万凯歌等11结合扩展状态观测器与滑模控制,实现了三自由度空间机械臂轨迹跟踪控制。但是上述研究并未考虑振动基机械臂的快速控制问题,系统状态只能无限趋近平衡点,无法实现有限时间快速收敛。
振动基机械臂的快速控制尚未引起足够的关注。而各类振动基机械臂在实际作业时均需实现快速响应,如坦克弹药传输机械臂,其装填速度直接决定火炮射速的高低。终端滑模控制通过对滑模面再设计,可实现振动基机械臂的快速控制。如张建宇等12采用非奇异终端滑模控制,实现了空间机械臂轨迹跟踪误差的快速收敛。姚来鹏等13基于固定时间干扰观测器和终端滑模控制,实现了坦克弹药传输机械臂的快速鲁棒控制。但是,上述滑模控制仅考虑了系统状态在滑动阶段的快速收敛,而通过对趋近律再设计,可进一步实现系统状态在到达阶段的快速收敛。如Mozayan等14通过在幂次趋近律中添加变增益项,在一定程度上提高了系统状态在到达阶段的收敛速度。李慧洁等15设计了一种双幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法,同样实现了系统状态的快速收敛。此外,Li等16针对二阶非线性系统,还提出了一种不受系统初始状态影响的复合快速趋近律。但是,上述趋近律受滑模抖振问题影响,对收敛速度的提升较为有限。
本文以一种典型的垂直振动基座——二连杆机械臂系统为对象开展研究。其结构原理如图1所示,其中,XOY为笛卡尔坐标系;分别表示振动基座、机械臂杆1与杆2;分别为杆1与杆2的质心、长度和关节角位移量,为基座的垂直振动位移。
将两个机械臂以及系统关节连接均看作刚性结构,忽略各部件间摩擦与阻尼,选取为广义坐标,采用Euler-Lagrange方程建立基座-机械臂系统(三自由度)的耦合动力学模型。然后,将模型中的基座振动项提取出来看作机械臂所受的不确定外部扰动,则可进一步获得基座振动影响下机械臂的不确定动力学模型:
式中  为机械臂角位移;为系统的惯量矩阵;为系统的向心力与科氏力的合力矩阵;为重力向量;为广义控制力;S为由基座振动带来的不确定外部扰动。各项表达式分别为:
式中  分别为的质量;g为重力加速度;分别为相对于各自质心的转动惯量。
滑模控制中,系统状态在到达滑模面后(即滑模运动)的收敛性质由滑模面类型决定。线性滑模面无法实现有限时间快速收敛,终端滑模面通过引入幂函数项可以实现有限时间快速收敛。但是,传统终端滑模面只能实现滑模运动在接近原点时快速收敛,其在远离原点时不具备快速收敛的特性。本文采用一种快速终端滑模面17,通过对其参数设计可实现滑模运动的全局有限时间收敛,其原理如下式所示:
式中  y为控制变量及其导数;为大于0的常数;mnpq 为正奇数且满足m>nq>p
引理118:针对非线性系统,若存在定义在包含原点邻域在内的连续可微的正定函数Vx),满足:
式中  c>0,0<k<1,则系统是有限时间稳定的,即系统在有限时间内到达平衡点的领域内,所用时间可表示为
引理219:当滑模面函数(6)趋向于0时,考虑以下一阶系统:
式中  mnpq为正奇数且m>nq>pμ>0,λ>0。则式(8)所示的系统为全局有限时间稳定的系统,且收敛时间满足:
接下来证明本文所采用的滑模面函数的滑模运动具有有限时间收敛特性。
构造系统(8)的Lyapunov函数为:
将式(10)对时间求导并将式(8)代入,得到:
显然,由引理1可知,系统(8)具有有限时间稳定特性。
接下来证明系统(8)收敛于时间T
时,由式(11)可得:
,则式(12)可写为:
式中 
,将式(13)两边同时积分可得:
由于为单调递增函数,则有且仅有z=0时=0,从而使得,因此系统(8)的收敛时间为:
接下来证明收敛时间具有上界:
时,系统变量
综上所述,系统(8)具有全局有限时间收敛特性,证明完毕。
由引理2可知,式(6)所示滑模面的滑模运动过程具有有限时间收敛特性,且收敛时间T满足以下关系:
滑模控制中,系统状态在到达滑模面前(即趋近运动)的收敛性质由趋近律类型决定。如前文所述,传统快速趋近律如同指数趋近律、幂次趋近律等无法调和趋近速度和抖振抑制性能二者之间的矛盾。为此,本文提出了一种全新的变幂次对数函数趋近律,该趋近律借助了对数函数在原点附近曲线更加平缓、远离定点时曲线更加陡峭的特点,并在此基础上增加了一个变幂次项,该部分使系统状态变量在远离滑模面时快速趋近,在接近滑模面时降低趋近速度。同时实现了系统状态对滑模面的快速趋近和滑模抖振的有效抑制,使控制器具有更快的收敛速度和更好的抖振抑制性能。该趋近律表示为:
式中  为变幂次项;ε为大于0的常数;0<α<1,为正偶数;sgn()为符号函数。
为了进一步凸显该趋近律的优越性,将其与以下趋近律进行同系数的趋近速率对比:
(1) 指数趋近律:
(2) 快速幂次趋近律:
(3) 双幂次趋近律:
,可得如图2所示的上述四种趋近律的趋近速率曲线图。
可见,当系统状态靠近滑模面附近(即滑模变量)时,本文所提出的变幂次对数趋近律的斜率相比其他趋近律更小,意味着其能更有效地降低系统状态在滑模面附近的切换速率,从而实现抖振的有效抑制。当系统状态远离滑模面时,本文所提趋近律的斜率比其他趋近律更大,意味着其能更快地向滑模面趋近。总而言之,本文所提趋近律不仅能实现快速收敛,且能更好地抑制滑模抖振,相比其他趋近律具有一定的优越性。
接下来证明本文所提出的趋近律(17)能在有限时间内收敛于平衡点领域。
考虑以下受外界扰动的二阶系统:
式中  为系统状态变量;u为系统控制器;d为系统所受外界扰动,满足为常数,表示外界扰动是范数有界的。采用式(6)所示滑模面,则:
结合式(17) 所示趋近率,设计系统控制器为:
构建Lyapunov函数为:
时,
时,
,通过调节系统参数,当满足条件时,由引理1可知在趋近律(17)的作用下,系统的滑模趋近运动将在有限时间内收敛到滑模面邻域内。且收敛时间为:
式中  表示Lyapunov函数的初始值。
证明完毕。
本文基于计算力矩法来设计振动基机械臂系统控制器。首先采用计算力矩法将耦合的二连杆机械臂系统解耦为二自由度的线性误差系统,然后,分别以误差系统的两个自由度分量为对象,采用滑模面(6)和本文所提出的趋近律(17)进行控制器设计。
引入变量,并定义:
将式(26)代入振动基机械臂系统动力学方程(1)可得:
由于为正定矩阵具有可逆性,进一步化简得:
定义
则式(28)可转化为以下误差方程的形式:
式中  为误差变量,为广义变量的期望轨迹;为误差系统的控制项,可由滑模面(6)和趋近律(17)设计。
将误差变量作为控制变量代入滑模面(6)并求导,可得:
则误差系统控制项为:
结合式(26),(29),(32),经整理,振动基机械臂系统的快速鲁棒控制率可表达为:
显然,式(30)所示误差方程符合系统(21)的形式。因此根据2.1节的有限时间收敛证明可知,在滑模控制器(33)的作用下,误差变量e在整个滑模运动中的趋近运动和滑模运动皆可以完成有限时间收敛。故本文提出的基于改进趋近律的滑模控制方法可以实现系统的全局有限时间控制。由式(16)和(25)可得,收敛时间的上界为:
为了验证所设计控制器的有效性,搭建了如图3所示的垂直振动基座-二连杆机械臂系统实验平台。该平台的机械部分主要由机械臂杆1、机械臂杆2和振动基座系统组成。其中,两个机械臂杆分别由各自的直流电机和减速器系统驱动,机械臂间和机械臂与基座间的连接结构均为转动铰连接。机械臂电机选用瑞士Maxon公司的EC45型无刷直流电机(带霍尔传感器),其减速器为同公司的GP52C 型行星齿轮减速器,每个电机还配套了一个光电编码器(HEDL5540型)和一个数字控制器(070/10 型 EPOS2)。
机械臂驱动系统的控制回路为主从式结构,如图4所示。上位机(PC)采用USB转CAN的通讯协议,通过位置控制器、编码器与两电机进行数据交换。
基座系统通过电机驱动曲柄摇杆机构来实现其在垂直方向的振动。电机选用盛达机械的DS⁃400.110/S555S型直流减速电机,该电机最高转动频率为2 Hz。在本实验中,基座垂直振动位移通过激光位移传感器测量,位移随时间的变化曲线如图5所示。
实验物理样机的控制框架,是基于驱动系统自带的三环控制回路(电流环-速度环-位置环)进行的开发,其具体原理如图6所示。其中,电流环仍采用原有的PI控制策略,其控制参数由系统自整定产生。速度-位置环采用本文所提出的基于变幂次对数趋近律的滑模控制策略。电流环与速度-位置环之间通过电机转矩常数连接。此外,控制程序是基于LabVIEW环境编译的。
最后,基于上述实验平台开展了实验研究。本研究共完成了三组实验,如表1所示。在组一中,并未考虑基座振动。此组实验的目的是初步比较,凸显本文所设计控制器相较传统滑模控制器的优势。故选取了如下式所示的传统滑模控制作为对照:
式中  分别表示两杆的期望角速度轨迹;为传统滑模控制器参数。
在此组实验中,还发现并解决了复杂滑模控制程序的响应延时问题。在组二中,验证了所设计控制器对于基座振动带来不确定扰动的鲁棒性。同样,该组也进行了传统滑模控制器的对照实验。在组三中,进一步验证了所设计控制器对于基座振动及负载不确定的鲁棒性。负载不确定通过在机械臂杆2上添加质量块来实现。
系统参数和控制器参数如表2所示。设定机械臂初始状态为:,机械臂期望轨迹为:
组一的机械臂响应结果如图7所示,其中图7(a),(b)为机械臂1与机械臂2的角位移跟踪曲线,图7(c),(d)为两个机械臂的角速度曲线,图7(e),(f)为两个机械臂的电流曲线,图7(g),(h)为两个机械臂的角位移跟踪误差曲线。实验过程中快速鲁棒控制器对系统的控制出现了响应延时现象。如图7 (a)和(b)所示,控制程序在启动时存在2.52 s的响应延时,不符合实验预期。经过分析排查,是由于控制程序中的幂次运算延长了LabVIEW程序的响应时间。为了解决该问题,在原有控制程序基础上做出了改进,将LabVIEW所提供的幂函数模块替代控制程序中部分幂函数计算,有效消除了控制程序的启动延时。
图7(a),(b)可知,本文所设计的快速鲁棒控制器具有良好的轨迹跟踪控制效果。机械臂1和机械臂2分别经过1.285和1.179 s实现了有效轨迹跟踪,根据图7(g),(h)所示的跟踪误差,两个机械臂的轨迹跟踪误差都在0.01 rad以内,跟踪效果良好。而普通滑模控制器控制的机械臂在趋近期望轨迹时趋近速度明显降低,跟踪轨迹与期望轨迹存在最大0.124 rad的稳态误差。根据图7(c),(d) ,(e) ,(f)显示,快速鲁棒控制器对机械臂关节角速度控制和电流响应跟踪的稳定性较好,机械臂未出现强烈抖振,轨迹跟踪过程平稳。
组二的机械臂响应结果如图8所示,其中图8(a),(b)为机械臂1与机械臂2的角位移跟踪曲线,图8(c),(d)为两个机械臂的角速度曲线,图8(e),(f)为两个机械臂的电流曲线。由图8(a),(b)可知,在增加垂直振动干扰后,机械臂依然可实现有效的轨迹跟踪,通过速度与电流曲线可知轨迹跟踪的稳定性表现良好,轨迹跟踪过程平稳。而普通滑模控制器的控制效果受基座振动影响,机械臂1的跟踪轨迹在8.961和21.610 s出现了偏移期望轨迹的现象,整体轨迹跟踪出现多处抖振。机械臂2跟踪轨迹也出现了多处不同幅度的振荡。通过普通滑模控制器的速度曲线和电流曲线可以看出,普通滑模控制器的速度跟踪与电流跟踪均产生了较大幅度的抖振,无法实现平稳的轨迹跟踪。
组三的机械臂响应结果如图9所示,其中图9(a),(b)为机械臂1与机械臂2的角位移跟踪曲线,图9(c),(d)为两个机械臂的角速度曲线,图9(e),(f)为两个机械臂的电流曲线。在添加负载后,由图9(a),(b)显示的角位移轨迹跟踪结果可知,快速鲁棒控制器控制的机械臂1在1.466 s实现了有效轨迹跟踪,机械臂2在1.302 s实现了有效轨迹跟踪。两个机械臂的有效跟踪时间分别增加了0.181和0.123 s,但是跟踪速度和跟踪电流依然表现出较为平稳的效果,这表明了该控制器对于外界负载扰动具有良好的鲁棒性。同时,三组试验结果均显示机械臂1实现有效跟踪的时间要略高于机械臂2,推测为实验过程中两个机械臂实际负载不同的原因。由于实验台结构关系,机械臂1需要承载机械臂2与其驱动电机的质量,而机械臂2无需承载系统质量,因此实验中机械臂1的实际负载大于机械臂2,导致机械臂1的有效轨迹跟踪时间略长。
(1)本文所设计的控制器具有较好的有限时间快速收敛特性。分别基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和实验研究验证了该控制器的这一特性。
(2)本文所设计的控制器具有较强的鲁棒性。在基座垂直振动激励影响下,其仍可以实现机械臂系统的精确平稳轨迹跟踪。
(3) 本文所设计的控制器在考虑负载不确定情况下,也能实现振动基础机械臂的有效轨迹跟踪控制,响应时间相较无负载情况略有增加,但是轨迹跟踪效果保持良好。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275267)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51605344)
  • 武汉市应用基础前沿项目(2019010701011404)
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2024年第37卷第8期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.08.003
  • 接收时间:2022-10-20
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20
  • 修回日期:2023-01-31
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275267)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51605344)
武汉市应用基础前沿项目(2019010701011404)
作者信息
    1武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
    2武汉科技大学机器人与智能系统研究院,湖北 武汉 430081

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郭宇飞(1985—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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