Article(id=1228634268923003137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1660665600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-17, revisedDate=1668614400000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858836632, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858836632, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858836632, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858836632, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634261138374834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='7', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858834775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859016311, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1182, endPage=1190, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634270315512076, articleId=1228634268923003137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester with enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The existing rectangular piezoelectric cantilever beam has the shortcomings of high intrinsic frequency and low output performance. In this paper,a piezoelectric energy harvester based on the enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure is designed by combining a negative Poisson’s ratio structure and X-shaped ribs in an elastic substrate. The dynamics model of the energy harvester is established by using the finite element method for the piezoelectric coupling analysis and parametric analysis. The prototypes are fabricated to verify the design. The results show that the energy harvester based on enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure has a low first-order resonant frequency,high output voltage and power,and the addition of X-rib increases the stiffness and nonlinearity of the structure. Compared with the conventional negative Poisson’s ratio structure,the introduction of X-rib not only improves the fatigue performance of the structure,but also broadens the bandwidth by 67.87%. The energy harvester based on enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure is important for solving the power supply problem of wireless sensors and portable electronic mobile devices in the future.

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考虑到传统压电悬臂梁存在固有频率高,输出性能低的缺点,本文基于增强负泊松比结构设计了一种压电俘能器,在弹性基板中引入了负泊松比结构和X型肋骨。利用有限元方法建立了压电俘能器的动力学模型;通过数值方法进行了模态和压电耦合分析,并对增强负泊松比结构的俘能器进行了参数分析;搭建了实验平台,制作了压电俘能器样品,对输出性能进行验证。研究结果表明:与传统平板结构俘能器相比,增强负泊松比结构俘能器的一阶谐振频率低,输出电压和功率高,X型肋骨的加入提高了结构的刚度和非线性;相比于负泊松比结构的俘能器,X型肋骨的加入不仅改善了结构的疲劳性能,还拓宽了工作带宽。

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时 岩(1979―),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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陆亚平(1998—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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陆亚平(1998—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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Applied Physics Letters2022120(10): 103901., articleTitle=Enhancing power output of piezoelectric energy harvesting by gradient auxetic structures, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228634284391596929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, awardId=52102421, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52102421), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228634284471288712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, awardId=2022Z068069001, language=CN, fundingSource=航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z068069001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228634277517132284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228634277525520893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, companyId=1228634277517132284, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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ArticleFig(id=1228634283665982302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=CN, label=图18, caption=输出功率密度-负载响应曲线, figureFileSmall=X9SeoSw7vAO+NtukyuHGYQ==, figureFileBig=lSEkL4q1mXZcz4QF0oFd8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634283783422819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Material properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件属性数值
弹性基体密度/(kg⋅m-3)7850
泊松比0.3
杨氏模量/GPa200
质量块密度/(kg⋅m-3)6500
泊松比0.34
杨氏模量/GPa160
压电片密度/(kg⋅m-3)7750
柔度常数/Pa-11.64×10-11
-5.74×10-12
-7.22×10-12
1.64×10-11
-7.22×10-12
1.88×10-11
4.75×10-11
4.75×10-11
4.43×10-11
耦合系数/(C⋅N-1)-1.71×10-10
-1.71×10-10
3.74×10-10
5.84×10-10
5.84×10-10
环氧树脂密度/(kg⋅m-3)1100
泊松比0.35
杨氏模量/GPa0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1228634283892474729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件属性数值
弹性基体密度/(kg⋅m-3)7850
泊松比0.3
杨氏模量/GPa200
质量块密度/(kg⋅m-3)6500
泊松比0.34
杨氏模量/GPa160
压电片密度/(kg⋅m-3)7750
柔度常数/Pa-11.64×10-11
-5.74×10-12
-7.22×10-12
1.64×10-11
-7.22×10-12
1.88×10-11
4.75×10-11
4.75×10-11
4.43×10-11
耦合系数/(C⋅N-1)-1.71×10-10
-1.71×10-10
3.74×10-10
5.84×10-10
5.84×10-10
环氧树脂密度/(kg⋅m-3)1100
泊松比0.35
杨氏模量/GPa0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1228634284005720940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Average stress of piezoelectric patches along axes 1 and 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
俘能器结构/Pa/Pa
平板结构20054-392.6
负泊松比结构374453645.7
增强负泊松比结构366841922.4
), ArticleFig(id=1228634284097995631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

压电片沿1轴和2轴的平均应力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
俘能器结构/Pa/Pa
平板结构20054-392.6
负泊松比结构374453645.7
增强负泊松比结构366841922.4
), ArticleFig(id=1228634284181881716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Mass properties of three kinds of energy harvesters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
俘能器结构弹性基板/g环氧树脂/g压电材料/g质量块/g总体质量/g
平板结构16.720.202.797.827.51
负泊松比结构7.640.072.797.818.30
增强负泊松比结构9.260.092.797.819.94
), ArticleFig(id=1228634284269962104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268923003137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三种俘能器的质量属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
俘能器结构弹性基板/g环氧树脂/g压电材料/g质量块/g总体质量/g
平板结构16.720.202.797.827.51
负泊松比结构7.640.072.797.818.30
增强负泊松比结构9.260.092.797.819.94
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一种增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器的设计与分析
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陆亚平 1 , 时岩 1 , 李文彬 1 , 高强 2
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(7): 1182-1190
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(7): 1182-1190
一种增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器的设计与分析
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陆亚平1 , 时岩1 , 李文彬1, 高强2
作者信息
  • 1南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094
  • 2东南大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211189
  • 陆亚平(1998—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

时 岩(1979―),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester with enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure
Ya-ping LU1 , Yan SHI1 , Wen-bin LI1, Qiang GAO2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
  • 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.010
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考虑到传统压电悬臂梁存在固有频率高,输出性能低的缺点,本文基于增强负泊松比结构设计了一种压电俘能器,在弹性基板中引入了负泊松比结构和X型肋骨。利用有限元方法建立了压电俘能器的动力学模型;通过数值方法进行了模态和压电耦合分析,并对增强负泊松比结构的俘能器进行了参数分析;搭建了实验平台,制作了压电俘能器样品,对输出性能进行验证。研究结果表明:与传统平板结构俘能器相比,增强负泊松比结构俘能器的一阶谐振频率低,输出电压和功率高,X型肋骨的加入提高了结构的刚度和非线性;相比于负泊松比结构的俘能器,X型肋骨的加入不仅改善了结构的疲劳性能,还拓宽了工作带宽。

压电俘能器  /  负泊松比结构  /  性能分析

The existing rectangular piezoelectric cantilever beam has the shortcomings of high intrinsic frequency and low output performance. In this paper,a piezoelectric energy harvester based on the enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure is designed by combining a negative Poisson’s ratio structure and X-shaped ribs in an elastic substrate. The dynamics model of the energy harvester is established by using the finite element method for the piezoelectric coupling analysis and parametric analysis. The prototypes are fabricated to verify the design. The results show that the energy harvester based on enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure has a low first-order resonant frequency,high output voltage and power,and the addition of X-rib increases the stiffness and nonlinearity of the structure. Compared with the conventional negative Poisson’s ratio structure,the introduction of X-rib not only improves the fatigue performance of the structure,but also broadens the bandwidth by 67.87%. The energy harvester based on enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure is important for solving the power supply problem of wireless sensors and portable electronic mobile devices in the future.

piezoelectric energy harvester  /  negative Poisson’s ratio structure  /  performance analysis
陆亚平, 时岩, 李文彬, 高强. 一种增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器的设计与分析. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1182 -1190 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.010
Ya-ping LU, Yan SHI, Wen-bin LI, Qiang GAO. Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester with enhanced negative Poisson’s ratio structure[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1182 -1190 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.010
在物联网社会中,构建传输和接收信息的无线传感器网络至关重要1,传统的无线传感器大多采用化学电池供电,这会带来电池更换困难、污染环境等诸多问题,而且体积较大,限制了无线传感网络的微型化和集成化2,因此,如何从周围环境中获取能量引起了广泛关注。环境中的能源包括太阳能、风能、振动能等,其中,振动能量因其能量密度高、能源丰富、限制少等特点而备受关注。一般有三种从环境中获取振动能量的方式:电磁式3、静电式4和压电式5。压电式俘能器由于成本低廉、结构简单、易于集成等优点,广受国内外学者的青睐,但其输出功率低,阻碍了其在电力市场的应用。因此,如何有效提高压电俘能器的输出性能成为国内外研究的热点问题6-7
研究人员从材料、电路和结构等角度探索了多种方法来提高压电俘能器的输出性能:Zhang等8研究了具有定向孔隙率的凝固铸造PZT基材料的压电性能及其各向异性因子,这种材料具有更大的压电灵敏度且压电各向异性;陈圣兵等9利用电磁振荡和压电材料机电耦合特性在超材料内部形成可调谐局域共振带隙,满足大柔性结构振动与噪声控制中的低频宽带需求;张淼等10设计了一种由能量收集部分、同步开关控制电压生成部分和直流供电部分组成的自供电式SSHI电路:采用二阶R-C移向电路、过零比较器和异或门电路产生的输出电压来控制双向开关适时闭合,运用全桥整流能量收集电路为所用的低功耗电子器件供电;Xie等11设计了一种由L型压电耦合梁构成的高效圆柱体能量采集器,提高了压电片上的应力分布,有效提高了俘能器的输出。一些学者将负泊松比结构引入到压电俘能器的弹性基板中,与传统的平板结构压电俘能器相比,负泊松比结构的弹性基板可以在纵向拉伸下横向扩张,进而带动附着在弹性基板上的压电材料在横向和纵向都产生形变,从而提高压电俘能器的输出功率。Ferguson等12把俘能器的弹性层与一种内凹蜂窝负泊松比结构相结合,经过建模和实验验证,其输出功率为191 μW,这种增加了d32模式的输出比传统的d31单一模式的俘能器高出 14.4倍。张璇等13提出了一种具有负泊松比特性的圆弧蜂窝压电超材料结构,并基于压电超材料的本构方程和相应边界条件,分析了力电耦合下该压电超材料的力电性能; Ichige等14设计了用于压电俘能器的弹性基板的负泊松比结构,并且通过改变负泊松比结构的周期性结构的尺寸来改变弯曲刚度以调节装置的性能,分析结果表明,与具有最大尺寸的负泊松比结构的压电能量收集装置相比,具有最小尺寸的负泊松比结构的压电振动俘能器的共振频率降低 16%,发电量增加了100%。Chen等15设计了一种梯度负泊松比结构的压电俘能器,通过在弹性基体中设计变宽度的负泊松比结构,使俘能器在受到激励后悬臂梁的应变分布更加均匀,输出功率高于传统负泊松比结构的俘能器。
悬臂梁结构的压电式俘能器因其构造相对简单且制备方便,是目前最常见的形式,其主要由弹性基体、压电材料、环氧树脂层和质量块组成,压电材料通过环氧树脂层与弹性基体粘合,质量块放置在悬臂梁的自由端以降低压电俘能器的固有频率。本文提出一种增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器,在弹性基板中引入了负泊松比结构和X型肋骨;通过有限元软件建立动力学模型,分析了俘能器的输出性能,并建立了相同尺寸的平板结构进行对比;最后对增强负泊松比结构进行参数分析,验证了其可有效提高压电俘能器的输出性能。
压电俘能器的工作原理是基于压电材料的正压电效应,在压电材料受到外界激励而发生形变时,材料内部发生极化现象,引起材料的两个表面产生相异电荷,从而实现机械能到电能的转换。图1为本文提出的增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器。与传统悬臂梁结构的压电俘能器不同的是,本文在平板结构的弹性基体中引入了负泊松比结构和X型肋骨。如图2所示,该悬臂梁结合了负泊松比结构和X型肋骨,每个单元结构主要包括肋骨宽度T1,负泊松比结构宽度T2和内凹角θ等设计参数,通过沿1轴和2轴方向阵列形成增强负泊松比结构。
当压电俘能器在d31模式工作时,即沿1轴方向的应力产生沿3轴方向的电场,同理,沿2轴方向的应力可以在d32模式下进行发电。因此,俘能器的最大输出功率与平均应力分量之间的关系可以认为是:
式中  分别为压电材料中的平均纵向应力和平均横向应力。
这种增强负泊松比结构有两个优点:(1)与传统平板结构的俘能器相比,内凹蜂窝结构具有负泊松比的结构特性,可以同时向两个方向拉伸压电材料,增加了d32模式的发电,从而增加了输出功率;(2)增强负泊松比结构的刚度低于同等厚度的平板结构,从而有利于将应力集中在压电元件上,这种集中效应有助于增加俘能器的输出特性。
在Comsol Multiphysics仿真软件中建立有限元模型,为了验证增强负泊松比结构的优势,还分别建立了弹性基体为平板结构和负泊松比结构的俘能器进行对比分析。如图3所示,三种弹性基板具有相同的长度,宽度和厚度。弹性基体材料为不锈钢,整体尺寸为71 mm×30 mm×0.5 mm,压电材料为PZT-5A,整体尺寸为60 mm×30 mm×0.2 mm,负泊松比结构宽度为0.6 mm,负泊松比结构内凹角为60°,其中增强负泊松比结构的肋骨宽度为0.7 mm,质量块材料为磁铁,整体尺寸为30 mm×10 mm×4 mm,环氧树脂作为胶水层粘连压电材料的下表面和弹性基体的上表面,其几何外形与弹性基体相同,设置与环氧树脂接触的整个压电片下方为接地端,上方为另一电极端。材料属性如表1所示。
对平板结构、负泊松比结构、增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器进行模态分析,计算出三种结构的一阶共振频率分别为110.14,51.88和62.24 Hz,这表明负泊松比结构有利于降低结构的一阶共振频率。日常环境中的频率主要在200 Hz以下,因此主要利用俘能器一阶谐振频率附近的振动能量,以便在较低的谐振频率下获得更好的电学响应特性。
沿3轴方向施加1 m/s2的加速度,设置激励频率在三种结构的一阶共振频率附近,图45为三种俘能器在相同激励下弹性基体的位移图,从图中可以发现三种结构沿1轴的位移都是正的,即在1轴方向是拉伸的,其中平板结构沿2轴的位移是负的,即沿2轴方向是收缩的,表现出正泊松比效应,而负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构沿2轴的位移都是正的,即沿2轴方向也是拉伸的,表现出负泊松比效应,增强负泊松比结构沿2轴的位移量略低于负泊松比结构。
图6比较了三种压电俘能器上压电片的应力分布,可以发现负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构上的应力分布明显高于平板结构,增强负泊松比结构由于加入了X型肋骨,提高了结构的刚度,压电片上的应力分布略低于负泊松比结构。此外,表2总结了三种结构的压电材料沿1轴()和2轴()的平均应力,可以看出平板结构上压电片的具有相反的符号,且相比,几乎可以忽略不计,因此d31模式主导其功率输出;而在负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构中,由于负泊松比结构的作用,符号相同,且大大增加,增加了d32的发电模式,根据式(1),这将有利于提高压电俘能器的输出功率。
为了比较三种结构的发电性能,利用仿真软件进行了压电耦合分析,首先计算出三种压电俘能器在1 m/s2加速度下的输出电压-频率响应曲线如图7所示,可以看出三种结构的输出电压分别在一阶共振频率110.14,51.88和62.24 Hz时达到了最大值16.99,24.03和20.62 V。比较发现,负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构相比于平板结构,输出电压分别提高了41.44%和21.37%。以无线传感器节点的最低工作电压1 V作为有效电压的最低标准,三种结构的有效带宽分别为5.99,3.89和6.53 Hz。对比输出电压和带宽可以发现,增强负泊松比结构的最大输出电压略低于负泊松比结构,但X型肋骨的加入,增加了结构的非线性,有效带宽拓宽了67.87%。在三种俘能器各自的谐振频率下,以相同的步长0.001 s进行时域分析,时域响应的结果如图8所示,可以看出三种结构的俘能器分别在2.5,3.6和2.9 s时达到最大的输出电压17.37,24.79和19.58 V,与扫频结果基本一致。
在压电俘能系统中,外接负载阻抗匹配可以有效增加输出能量。在三种结构的一阶共振频率下,外接不同负载后的输出功率-负载曲线如图9所示,可以看出三种结构的负载响应曲线都是先升高,达到最佳负载后逐渐下降,趋于平缓。三种俘能器的质量属性如表3所示,其中平板结构(质量为27.51 g)在最佳负载80 kΩ下的最大功率密度(单位质量上的输出功率)达到了57.26 μW/g,增强负泊松比结构(质量为19.94 g)在最佳负载130 kΩ下的最大功率密度达到了106.03 μW/g,负泊松比结构(质量为18.30 g)在最佳负载60 kΩ下的最大功率密度达到了123.76 μW/g。增强负泊松比结构的最大输出功率虽然略低于负泊松比结构,但在较大的负载范围内都能保持高功率的输出,有较好的负载适应性。
弹性基板的低刚度也会提高俘能器的输出性能,因此设计了一个与负泊松比结构刚度接近的平板结构的俘能器作为参照组。通过有限元分析,同刚度的平板结构的俘能器的一阶谐振频率为45.23 Hz,低于负泊松比结构的俘能器的一阶共振频率51.88 Hz,其输出特性的对比如图10所示,可以看出,降低刚度后的平板结构的俘能器能够有效提高输出特性,但其输出还是远低于同刚度的负泊松比结构的俘能器。
弹性基板的低刚度会在提高俘能器输出性能的同时,加快结构疲劳破坏,对传统负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器进行疲劳性分析,首先将弹性基体材料的S-N曲线导入到有限元仿真软件中,在仿真软件中设置加速度从负方向到正方向为一个循环,循环次数为106,默认结构从内表面先发生破坏,计算得出的弹性基体的应力分布如图11所示,可以发现负泊松比结构和增强负泊松比结构的最大应力都发生在悬臂梁根部的顶角处,且负泊松比结构的最大应力大于增强负泊松比结构。失效循环次数响应如图12所示,其中增强负泊松比结构中应力最大处最少能够循环2.17×105次,而负泊松比结构最少能循环1.17×105次,负泊松比结构的强度低于增强负泊松比结构,比增强负泊松比结构先发生破坏。
为研究不同的X型肋骨的宽度对俘能器的输出特性的影响,在保持其他设计参数不变的同时,分别建立了不同X型肋骨宽度的压电俘能器的有限元模型,研究了不同宽度对输出性能的影响,图13(a)是肋骨宽度为0.4~0.9 mm的俘能器的一阶共振频率图;图13(b)绘制了肋骨宽度为0.4~0.9 mm的俘能器在相同激励下的输出电压-频率响应曲线;图13(c)绘制了不同肋骨宽度俘能器的单位质量下的输出功率密度-负载曲线;图13(d)总结了不同肋骨宽度的俘能器在最佳负载时的最大输出功率密度,结果表明随着肋骨宽度的增加,俘能器的一阶共振频率逐渐升高,最大输出电压和输出功率密度随之下降,这是由于肋骨宽度的增加提高了整体结构的刚度,导致在相同的激励下,压电片上的应力、应变减小,且压电俘能器的输出功率密度与应力的大小呈正相关,所以输出功率密度下降。其中,在肋骨宽度为0.4 mm和外接电阻为130 kΩ时的最大输出电压和最大功率密度分别达到了21.37 V和113.43 μW/g。
在保持其他设计参数不变的同时,分别设计了不同宽度的负泊松比结构压电俘能器,图14(a)是负泊松比结构宽度为0.4~0.8 mm的俘能器的一阶共振频率图;图14(b)绘制了负泊松比结构宽度为0.4~0.8 mm的俘能器在相同激励下的输出电压-频率响应曲线;图14(c)绘制了不同负泊松比结构宽度的俘能器单位质量下的输出功率密度-负载曲线;图14(d)总结了不同负泊松比结构宽度的俘能器在最佳负载时的输出功率密度。结果表明随着负泊松比结构宽度的增加,俘能器的一阶共振频率逐渐升高,最大输出电压和输出功率密度随之下降,这是由于负泊松比结构宽度的增加提高了结构的刚度,降低了压电片上的应力分布。其中,在负泊松比结构宽度为0.4 mm和外接电阻为130 kΩ时的最大输出电压和最大功率密度分别达到了21.39 V和113.825 μW/g。
设计了不同负泊松比结构内凹角度的压电俘能器,图15(a)是负泊松比内凹角度为50°~70°的俘能器一阶共振频率图;图15(b)绘制了负泊松比结构内凹角度为50°~70°的俘能器在相同激励下的输出电压-频率响应曲线;图15(c)绘制了不同负泊松比结构内凹角度的俘能器单位质量下的输出功率密度-负载曲线;图15(d)总结了不同负泊松比结构内凹角度的俘能器在最佳负载时的输出功率密度。可以看出随着负泊松比结构内凹角度的增加,俘能器的一阶共振频率逐渐升高,但最大输出电压和输出功率密度先上升后下降,在内凹角为65°时达到最大值21.48 V,其中在最佳负载130 kΩ时的最大功率密度为107.97 μW/g。
根据压电俘能器的结构参数设计并制作了实验平台如图16所示。俘能器通过夹具固定在激振器上,激光测振仪用来监测加速度和激励频率并将其反馈给计算机以控制信号发生器。振动激励由信号发生器控制,驱动激振器进行扫频实验。此外,压电贴片与一个电阻负载相连,以量化产生的功率,输出电压通过示波器显示。
以上述参数分析中输出功率密度最大的增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器尺寸制作样品进行实验(肋骨宽度T1=0.6 mm,负泊松比结构宽度T2=0.4 mm,负泊松比结构内凹角度θ=60°),同时还制作了相同尺寸的平板结构和负泊松比结构的压电俘能器进行对比。通过激光测振仪监测振动状态并反馈给信号发生器,使得激振器的激励加速度始终保持为1 m/s2,调节激振器的激振频率进行扫频实验,达到俘能器的一阶共振频率,使俘能器发生共振,在谐振频率的激励下,将俘能器与不同阻值大小的负载相连,以寻求输出性能最佳的负载。实验结果如图1718所示,可以看出压电俘能器的仿真结果和实验结果基本吻合,三种俘能器的输出电压都随着负载的增加而增加,其仿真的最大输出功率密度分别为57.26,123.76和113.88 μW/g,略高于实验结果的50.57,115.26和105.42 μW/g。实验中的误差主要是由制造精度、不完善的边界条件和测试时压电俘能器的预变形引起的。
本文提出了一种增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器,建立了俘能器的动力学模型,并对整体结构进行了模态和压电耦合模型分析,研究了不同结构参数对压电俘能器输出特性的影响。主要结论如下:
(1)在弹性基体加入负泊松比结构的压电俘能器能有效降低结构的一阶共振频率,更加容易满足环境中的多种低频下的激励共振,且最大输出电压为20.62 V,最大输出功率密度为106.03 μW/g,高于同等尺寸的平板结构的压电俘能器。
(2)增强负泊松比结构的压电俘能器的输出略低于同等尺寸的负泊松比结构的俘能器,但有效带宽拓宽了67.87%,有较好的负载适应性,疲劳性能也有较大的提升。
(3)肋骨宽度和负泊松比结构宽度的增加会提高俘能器的一阶共振频率和刚度,但降低俘能器的输出性能,压电俘能器中的弹性基体在肋骨宽度T1=0.6 mm,负泊松比结构宽度T2=0.4 mm,负泊松比结构内凹角度θ=60°时的功率密度最高,达到了113.825 μW/g。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52102421)
  • 航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z068069001)
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2024年第37卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.010
  • 接收时间:2022-08-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-17
  • 修回日期:2022-11-17
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52102421)
航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z068069001)
作者信息
    1南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094
    2东南大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211189

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时 岩(1979―),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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