Article(id=1228634268461629688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661702400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-29, revisedDate=1668355200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858836522, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858836522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858836522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858836522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634261138374834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='7', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858834775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859016311, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1239, endPage=1249, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634268780396799, articleId=1228634268461629688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Performance study of frictional prefabricated connection nodes in self-centering braced steel frame, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Self-centering brace has greater stiffness and bearing capacity after being activated. The brace connection,beam and column are subjected to more complex forces and higher risk of damage. A novel frictional prefabricated connection node in self-centering braced steel frame is proposed to control ultimate axial force of the self-centering brace by frictional slipping. It provides additional energy dissipation for the whole structure. Configuration,assembly and working principles of the connection nodes are described. By numerical simulation,its seismic performance is studied. The effects of design parameters of the connection node on performance are analyzed. The results show that the hysteretic response of the self-centering braced steel frame with the novel connection node is fuller. The energy dissipation capacity of the overall structure is increased by 20.81%. The actual limiting effect of the connection node on total shear force reaches 17.56%,effectively regarding the plastic development of connection node region. By changing the friction coefficient of the friction plate and the preload force of the high-strength bolts of the connection node,the slipping displacement and force can be adjusted.

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自复位支撑在激活后具有较大的刚度和承载力,支撑连接节点及梁柱受力复杂,损伤风险高。提出了一种基于摩擦连接的自复位支撑钢框架装配式节点,利用摩擦滑移连接实现自复位支撑极限轴力可控,并为整体结构提供附加耗能。阐述了该摩擦装配式节点的构造、组装和工作原理,通过数值模拟对其抗震性能进行研究,并分析了该节点设计参数对其性能的影响。结果表明:采用该节点的自复位支撑钢框架滞回响应更为饱满,整体结构耗能能力提升了20.81%,节点对总水平剪力的实际限制作用达17.56%,有效减缓了节点区塑性发展。通过改变支撑连接节点的摩擦片摩擦系数和高强螺栓预紧力,能够实现起滑位移与起滑力可调。

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谢行思(1992―),男,博士,讲师。电话:(010)51687237;E-mail:
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徐龙河(1976—),男,博士,教授。电话:(010)51683956;E-mail:

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徐龙河(1976—),男,博士,教授。电话:(010)51683956;E-mail:

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Journal of Building Structures201940(3): 118-126., articleTitle=Displacement-based seismic design of self-centering shear walls under four-level seismic fortifications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228634281388475106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, awardId=2021MFSTL08, language=CN, fundingSource=北京建筑大学大型多功能振动台阵实验室开放研究专项基金项目(2021MFSTL08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228634281476555496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, awardId=52078036, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078036), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228634281581413104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, awardId=2022M710340, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M710340), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228634275327705510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, 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Energy dissipation of each component in systems with different connection nodes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统层间位移角节点摩擦耗能/kJ自复位支撑耗能/kJ钢材塑性耗能/kJ总耗能/kJ
O受拉2%31.4418.4521.9771.86
受压2%26.6219.8819.4865.98
受拉4%78.9132.2091.09202.20
受压4%81.1832.2977.18190.65
N受拉2%027.1824.5451.72
受压2%027.2821.2948.57
受拉4%048.61130.26178.87
受压4%047.31119.45166.76
), ArticleFig(id=1228634281048736455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采用不同节点时系统各构件耗能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统层间位移角节点摩擦耗能/kJ自复位支撑耗能/kJ钢材塑性耗能/kJ总耗能/kJ
O受拉2%31.4418.4521.9771.86
受压2%26.6219.8819.4865.98
受拉4%78.9132.2091.09202.20
受压4%81.1832.2977.18190.65
N受拉2%027.1824.5451.72
受压2%027.2821.2948.57
受拉4%048.61130.26178.87
受压4%047.31119.45166.76
), ArticleFig(id=1228634281136816847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Cases of parametric analysis

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工况摩擦片摩擦系数高强螺栓预紧力/kN
10.20450
20.10450
30.15450
40.25450
50.30450
60.20350
70.20400
80.20500
90.20550
), ArticleFig(id=1228634281233285844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634268461629688, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

参数分析工况

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工况摩擦片摩擦系数高强螺栓预紧力/kN
10.20450
20.10450
30.15450
40.25450
50.30450
60.20350
70.20400
80.20500
90.20550
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自复位支撑钢框架摩擦装配式节点性能研究
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徐龙河 , 黄楚城 , 谢行思
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(7): 1239-1249
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(7): 1239-1249
自复位支撑钢框架摩擦装配式节点性能研究
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徐龙河 , 黄楚城, 谢行思
作者信息
  • 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044
  • 徐龙河(1976—),男,博士,教授。电话:(010)51683956;E-mail:

通讯作者:

谢行思(1992―),男,博士,讲师。电话:(010)51687237;E-mail:
Performance study of frictional prefabricated connection nodes in self-centering braced steel frame
Long-he XU , Chu-cheng HUANG, Xing-si XIE
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.016
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自复位支撑在激活后具有较大的刚度和承载力,支撑连接节点及梁柱受力复杂,损伤风险高。提出了一种基于摩擦连接的自复位支撑钢框架装配式节点,利用摩擦滑移连接实现自复位支撑极限轴力可控,并为整体结构提供附加耗能。阐述了该摩擦装配式节点的构造、组装和工作原理,通过数值模拟对其抗震性能进行研究,并分析了该节点设计参数对其性能的影响。结果表明:采用该节点的自复位支撑钢框架滞回响应更为饱满,整体结构耗能能力提升了20.81%,节点对总水平剪力的实际限制作用达17.56%,有效减缓了节点区塑性发展。通过改变支撑连接节点的摩擦片摩擦系数和高强螺栓预紧力,能够实现起滑位移与起滑力可调。

抗震性能  /  自复位支撑连接节点  /  预制装配  /  摩擦耗能  /  滞回响应

Self-centering brace has greater stiffness and bearing capacity after being activated. The brace connection,beam and column are subjected to more complex forces and higher risk of damage. A novel frictional prefabricated connection node in self-centering braced steel frame is proposed to control ultimate axial force of the self-centering brace by frictional slipping. It provides additional energy dissipation for the whole structure. Configuration,assembly and working principles of the connection nodes are described. By numerical simulation,its seismic performance is studied. The effects of design parameters of the connection node on performance are analyzed. The results show that the hysteretic response of the self-centering braced steel frame with the novel connection node is fuller. The energy dissipation capacity of the overall structure is increased by 20.81%. The actual limiting effect of the connection node on total shear force reaches 17.56%,effectively regarding the plastic development of connection node region. By changing the friction coefficient of the friction plate and the preload force of the high-strength bolts of the connection node,the slipping displacement and force can be adjusted.

seismic performance  /  self-centering braced connection nodes  /  prefabricated assembly  /  frictional energy dissipation  /  hysteretic response
徐龙河, 黄楚城, 谢行思. 自复位支撑钢框架摩擦装配式节点性能研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1239 -1249 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.016
Long-he XU, Chu-cheng HUANG, Xing-si XIE. Performance study of frictional prefabricated connection nodes in self-centering braced steel frame[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1239 -1249 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.016
近年来,自复位支撑因具有良好的耗能能力和复位能力,在罕遇地震下能充分发挥其优越的抗震性能,成为可恢复功能结构1的研究热点。学者们提出了多种不同类型的自复位支撑,Erochko等23提出一种由摩擦装置耗能、预应力筋提供复位能力的自复位摩擦耗能支撑;Zhu等45设计了由形状记忆合金提供复位能力的自复位支撑;Miller等67提出了一种设有超弹性形状记忆合金杆的自复位防屈曲支撑;徐龙河等810研制了通过预压碟形弹簧提供复位能力的自复位支撑,还提出了一种采用磁流体消耗地震输入能量的自复位变阻尼耗能支撑11。自复位支撑独特的旗形滞回响应能够在充分消耗地震输入能量的基础上提供较大的抗侧与承载能力,有效减小甚至消除震后残余变形。
在自复位支撑结构体系中,节点往往是连接构件最多的区域。一旦节点先于其他结构构件发生破坏,结构超静定次数随之降低,结构中其他构件受力将迅速增大甚至超过其极限承载能力,导致结构损伤程度大大加深。因此,支撑连接节点的性能对整体结构抗震性能的正常发挥至关重要。大量研究表明1214,支撑连接节点域和附近梁柱受力复杂,节点性能受诸多因素影响,因此部分学者开始研制适用于新型支撑的节点构造形式。陈云等15提出了一种通过梁端转动摩擦耗能来控制节点损伤的装配式梁柱转动摩擦节点,该节点具有较好的耗能能力和稳定的承载力。侯和涛等16提出了由混凝土柱内预埋钢梁、混凝土梁端预埋钢板和连接板组成的干式柔性节点,该节点在柱侧伸出一段外伸钢梁与防屈曲支撑连接。分析结果表明,这种干式柔性节点具有很强的变形能力,可避免框架柱在除底层柱脚之外的部位出现塑性铰。赵俊贤等17提出了基于滑移连接的防屈曲支撑钢框架节点,即利用低摩擦材料释放节点与梁柱翼缘之间的切向约束,可显著削弱防屈曲支撑连接节点与子框架之间的切向相互作用,并提升防屈曲支撑钢框架的延性。
相较于普通钢支撑和防屈曲支撑,自复位支撑在激活后具有更大的刚度和承载力,这导致与其相连的节点板以及包含附近梁柱在内的节点域受力更大,损伤风险更高。在地震作用下若支撑连接节点先于自复位支撑发生破坏,将导致自复位支撑因失去与主体结构的可靠连接而提前退出工作,不能充分发挥其良好的抗震性能,从安全和经济的角度来看极为不利。
为此,提出一种基于摩擦连接的自复位支撑装配式节点(简称摩擦装配式节点),建立自复位支撑⁃连接节点⁃框架系统数值模型,对其滞回响应、耗能能力、复位能力、节点区受力特性及设计参数对性能的影响规律进行分析。
摩擦装配式节点包含节点板、连接耳板、连接法兰、高强螺栓和摩擦片等组件。节点板数目根据实际结构需求灵活选取。以带有3个节点板的摩擦装配式节点为例,其构造如图1所示。节点板中心区域开有数道长槽孔;连接耳板呈“T型”,长边方向开高强螺栓孔,并在其与节点板的接触面上嵌入摩擦片;连接法兰通过螺栓与连接耳板和自复位支撑相连。摩擦装配式节点通过摩擦滑移连接,为结构附加耗能能力,在自复位支撑因屈服破坏而退出工作前实现支撑最大轴力可控,避免结构变形较大时自复位支撑向连接节点和主体结构传递过大的荷载,满足结构“大震可修、巨震不倒”的高性能需求。
摩擦装配式节点的具体组装方式为:在外连接耳板和内连接耳板的方形槽内嵌入摩擦片,将节点板夹在一对内外连接耳板的长边之间,使内外连接耳板的开孔位置和节点板的长槽孔位置形心对齐;利用高强螺栓依次连接“外连接耳板⁃节点板⁃内连接耳板⁃节点板⁃内连接耳板⁃节点板⁃外连接耳板”,采用扭矩扳手对高强螺栓施加预紧力;内外连接耳板的短边与连接法兰螺栓连接。至此,整个摩擦装配式节点组装完毕。
在建筑结构的现场施工过程中,摩擦装配式节点的节点板通过焊缝或螺栓的方式与框架梁和框架柱相连,自复位支撑通过销栓与连接法兰相连。摩擦装配式节点构造简单,装配化程度高,其本身由多个装配体组装而成,各装配体可同时加工,并运输至施工现场进行整体组装,可提高生产和建造效率。
自复位支撑由提供耗能能力的耗能装置和提供复位能力的复位装置并联组成。耗能装置通过摩擦或金属屈服实现耗能,复位装置则采用预应力筋、形状记忆合金或碟形弹簧提供复位力。本文采用由预压碟簧提供复位能力的自复位支撑18,其构造如图2所示。
自复位支撑的耗能装置和复位装置的并联工作使自复位支撑的滞回响应曲线呈现旗形,如图3所示,图中μ0为自复位支撑的激活位移。当受力较小时,自复位支撑的刚度由传力系统、复位装置和耗能装置共同提供,称为第一刚度k1。当自复位支撑轴力达到复位装置预压力P0与耗能装置阻尼力T0之和(即自复位支撑激活力F0)时,传力系统开始产生相对位移并激活复位装置与耗能装置,支撑刚度减小为第二刚度k2。卸载时,复位装置提供复位力带动自复位支撑回到初始位置,残余变形为零。
摩擦装配式节点在受拉和受压时具有相同的工作状态,为便于说明,以对摩擦装配式节点施加正向(受拉)位移荷载为例进行描述。在正常使用阶段,高强螺栓为摩擦片提供法向预压力,进而产生静摩擦力。自复位支撑在激活后,轴力逐渐增大,但此时仍未超过摩擦片的最大静摩擦力,摩擦装配式节点作为一整体受力。当自复位支撑轴力超过摩擦片的最大静摩擦力后,摩擦片起滑,即节点板和内外连接耳板发生相对滑移,高强螺栓沿节点板的长槽孔滑动,摩擦片开始耗能,此时自复位支撑轴力及其传递到梁柱节点域的荷载保持不变。当自复位支撑轴力开始卸载至小于摩擦片的最大静摩擦力时,摩擦片间不再发生相对运动,节点板和内外连接耳板恢复相对静止,摩擦装配式节点再次维持整体受力状态。
因此,摩擦装配式节点与自复位支撑组成系统的拉压对称协同工作可分为5个阶段,其理论滞回响应曲线如图4所示。图4中,μac为摩擦装配式节点的起滑位移;μmax为摩擦装配式节点的极限位移,根据建筑结构抗震需求确定;Fac为摩擦装配式节点的起滑力。
以该系统受拉工作为例,当摩擦装配式节点中摩擦片间未出现相对位移时,系统滞回响应与自复位支撑本身的滞回响应相同,即在自复位支撑激活前,系统整体刚度近似为支撑第一刚度k1,随着荷载的增加,自复位支撑激活,系统整体刚度转变为支撑第二刚度k2。当自复位支撑轴力达到摩擦片的最大静摩擦力后,摩擦片间出现滑移,自复位支撑轴向力不再增大,而摩擦装配式节点本身的位移持续增加,此时系统整体刚度为0。当系统位移达到最大值并开始减小时,自复位支撑开始卸载,摩擦装配式节点中的摩擦力反向,但摩擦片间未出现相对位移,此时系统整体刚度近似为支撑第一刚度k1。在自复位支撑内外管间相对位移逐渐减小至0的过程中,摩擦装配式节点中的摩擦片始终未起滑,系统整体刚度为支撑第二刚度k2。当水平力减小至0并开始反向增大后,系统进入受压工作阶段。
为研究摩擦装配式节点的抗震性能,基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统的数值模型,如图5所示。原型结构为一单层单跨自复位支撑钢框架,层高4 m,柱间距6 m;梁截面为HW250 mm×200 mm×6 mm×12 mm,柱截面为HM400 mm×300 mm×10 mm×16 mm;单斜杆式自复位支撑第一刚度k1=260 kN/mm,第二刚度k2=16 kN/mm;激活位移μ0=3.7 mm;预压力P0与阻尼力T0相等,为481 kN,构件具体尺寸见文献[18]。
模型中,采用桁架单元T3D2与设置在其两端的轴向连接器叠加模拟自复位支撑。其中,桁架单元呈理想弹塑性响应,其拐点力等于自复位支撑阻尼力;轴向连接器呈双线性响应,其拐点力等于自复位支撑预压力。二者叠加后即可在数值模型中表现出与自复位支撑一致的旗形滞回响应。
其余结构构件选用Q355B钢,采用实体单元C3D8R和双线性随动强化本构模型模拟。钢材初始弹性模量E0=206 GPa,屈服后切线模量Et=0.03E0,泊松比ν=0.30。摩擦装配式节点中仅设置一个节点板,初始高强螺栓预紧力为450 kN,选用12.9级M30高强螺栓,极限滑移行程对应3%的层间位移角。
自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统基于四水准抗震设防目标设计,即“小震及中震不坏,大震可更换、可修复,巨震不倒塌”,具有比传统结构更好的抗震性能1。根据《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)19和可恢复功能结构的相关研究20,在四水准抗震设防目标下,大震作用下的结构层间位移角限值取1/75,巨震作用下的结构层间位移角限值取2%。设计合理的摩擦装配式节点起滑位移对应1.4%的结构层间位移角。在大震作用下,自复位支撑充分发挥其复位能力和耗能能力,而摩擦装配式节点不起滑,实现“大震可更换、可修复”的抗震设防目标;在巨震作用下,摩擦装配式节点起滑,耗散地震能量,实现“巨震不倒塌”的抗震设防目标。
为对比自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统的滞回性能,分别对其施加低周往复荷载,采用多级位移控制加载,各级加载幅值分别对应层间位移角1/1000,1/750,1/500,1/250,1/200,1/100,3/200,1/50,每级加载循环2次,加载制度如图6所示。在研究设计参数对摩擦装配式节点的影响时,施加对应±4%层间位移角的单调荷载,以研究摩擦装配式节点达到极限滑移行程后整体结构的力学特性。
框架梁柱间与框架柱底均为固接,自复位支撑两端均为铰接。摩擦装配式节点中的节点板固结于框架梁和框架柱,并与连接耳板之间设置摩擦接触,摩擦系数取为0.2;连接耳板的“短边”部分固结于连接法兰;高强螺栓的螺杆侧面与摩擦装配式节点中的节点板的长槽孔、连接耳板的开孔处设置硬接触。普通节点板直接固结于框架梁柱上。
图7为自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的能力曲线。对于设计合理的自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统,随着自复位支撑的激活,其耗能能力和复位能力被充分发挥;当荷载逐渐增加,自复位支撑轴力达到预设限值时,摩擦装配式节点起滑开始工作,使自复位支撑轴力保持在这一限值,避免轴力持续增加,二者共同耗散地震能量;摩擦装配式节点达到极限滑移行程后结束滑移,自复位支撑轴力再次增加,随后自复位支撑破坏失效,最终以结构柱底形成塑性铰宣告结构失效。
图8为低周往复荷载下分别采用普通节点和摩擦装配式节点的自复位支撑滞回响应曲线。对于自复位支撑本身,无论采用何种节点,相同变形量下的滞回环饱满且相似,残余位移都极小,均具有良好的耗能能力和复位能力。在摩擦装配式节点滑移期间,自复位支撑变形、轴力不变,其滞回响应始终处于图8中最左侧顶点(支撑受拉时)或最右侧顶点(支撑受压时)。在层间位移角达到2%时,相比采用普通节点,采用摩擦装配式节点的自复位支撑变形量由61.0 mm减小至33.8 mm,减少了44.59%;对应的支撑轴力由1881.7 kN减小至1442.4 kN,减少了23.35%;支撑的残余变形均为3.7 mm。在结构承受相同的侧向位移荷载时,摩擦装配式节点不影响自复位支撑正常发挥自身优良的耗能能力和复位能力,通过节点滑移限制自复位支撑的变形量和最大轴力,与自复位支撑共同耗散地震能量,提高自复位支撑安全富余量或降低自复位支撑的设计需求。
图9为低周往复荷载下自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的滞回响应曲线。
自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统的滞回响应曲线与自复位支撑自身的滞回响应曲线相似,呈旗形,受拉和受压时均分为4个阶段。在加载初期,结构处于弹性阶段;当位移荷载逐渐增大时,自复位支撑激活,结构整体刚度发生显著变化;当位移荷载开始减小后,结构刚度具有明显的两阶段;当位移荷载完全卸载后残余位移较小。自复位支撑钢框架结构具有良好的复位能力和耗能能力。
自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的滞回响应在位移荷载较小时与前者基本相同。随着位移荷载的继续增加,当层间位移角达到1.4%时,摩擦装配式节点起滑,自复位支撑轴力保持不变,结构耗能主要由节点中的摩擦片提供;位移荷载达到极限后开始减小时,摩擦装配式节点停止滑移,节点板和连接耳板保持相对静止,此时结构呈现明显的两阶段卸载过程。由于摩擦装配式节点此时并未处于其初始位置,自复位支撑在结构卸载途中会提前开始反向加载,滞回响应再次出现两阶段加载过程。在随后的加载过程中,摩擦装配式节点反向起滑,自复位支撑轴力再次保持不变。在施加低周往复荷载过程中,摩擦装配式节点始终处于正常工作阶段,未达到极限滑移行程。
图10为各级位移荷载下自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的滞回耗能均值。位移荷载较小时,由于摩擦装配式节点未起滑,两类系统的滞回响应基本相同,耗能能力由自复位支撑提供,耗能均值相等。当层间位移角超过1.4%后,摩擦装配式节点起滑,耗散更多的能量。当层间位移角达到1.5%和2%时,自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统比自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统分别多耗散7.71%和38.53%的能量。在整个施加低周往复荷载的过程中,摩擦装配式节点使整体结构耗能能力提升了20.81%。摩擦装配式节点在为自复位支撑与钢框架之间提供可靠连接的同时,显著增强了整体结构的耗能能力,进而提高其在遭遇强烈地震时的抗震性能。
对数值模型施加对应层间位移角为4%的单调荷载,以分析摩擦装配式节点超过极限滑移行程后的耗能能力与普通节点的差异。表1为自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的节点摩擦耗能、自复位支撑耗能和钢框架中钢材塑性耗能。在正常工作阶段,摩擦装配式节点使结构在相同的位移荷载下的塑性耗能明显减少,总耗能由于摩擦片的贡献显著增加。当层间位移角未达到3%时,摩擦装配式节点正常工作,依靠摩擦滑移耗散大部分外界输入的能量,节点板与附近梁柱基本保持弹性,整体结构的塑性发展受到限制。当位移荷载超过3%后,高强螺栓抵住节点板的长槽孔,摩擦装配式节点达到极限滑移行程,停止摩擦耗能。随着位移荷载继续增加,整体结构的塑性损伤持续增加,塑性耗能逐渐增大并超过先前累积的摩擦耗能。
图11为各级位移荷载下自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的总水平剪力峰值。当层间位移角小于1.4%时,摩擦装配式节点未起滑,二者的总水平剪力峰值基本相同;当层间位移角达到1.4%后,摩擦装配式节点起滑,节点板和连接耳板发生相对位移,限制自复位支撑轴力进一步增加。当层间位移角达到1.5%时,摩擦装配式节点使整个结构在受拉和受压时的总水平剪力峰值分别减少2.72%和1.32%;当层间位移角达到2%时,摩擦装配式节点使整个结构在受拉和受压时的总水平剪力峰值分别减少10.59%和9.89%。
在自复位支撑激活前,摩擦装配式节点未起滑,尚未限制整体结构总水平剪力的发展。由于自复位支撑第二刚度显著小于第一刚度,且摩擦装配式节点在自复位支撑激活后才会起滑,因此摩擦装配式节点起滑时自复位支撑轴力较自复位支撑激活力并未显著增大,此时整体结构的总水平剪力无明显增加。仅根据总水平剪力峰值的减小程度,不能全面反映摩擦装配式节点对结构水平剪力的限制作用,故定义系数δ以更加准确地反映自复位支撑激活后摩擦装配式节点对整体结构总水平剪力的实际限制作用。系数δ表示为:
式中  Fn为采用普通节点的整体结构总水平剪力;Fm为采用摩擦装配式节点的整体结构总水平剪力;F1为自复位支撑达到激活力F0时整体结构总水平剪力。δ越大,表明摩擦装配式节点对整体结构总水平剪力的实际限制作用越强。
当层间位移角达到1.5%时,系数δ在受拉和受压时分别为4.89%和2.44%;当层间位移角达到2%时,系数δ在受拉和受压时分别为17.56%和16.75%。随着位移荷载的增加,系数δ逐渐增大,表明在保持正常工作的前提下,摩擦装配式节点对整体结构的总水平剪力的限制作用愈加明显,可为结构主体构件提供更强的保护。
摩擦装配式节点和自复位支撑协同工作,在不同情况下充分发挥各自的优良性能。在较小的位移荷载下,摩擦装配式节点未起滑,整个结构依靠自复位支撑具有极好的复位能力;在较大的位移荷载下,摩擦装配式节点起滑后,由于节点自身不具有复位能力且在滑移后有一定的滑移位移,即使自复位支撑自身仍具有极好的复位能力,但整体结构的复位能力会出现一定程度的削弱。
图9可知,当层间位移角小于1.4%时,摩擦装配式节点未起滑,自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的复位能力与自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统的一致。当施加对应1.5%和2%层间位移角的位移荷载时,自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的残余位移分别为12 mm和30.4 mm,较自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统的残余位移仅分别增加2.4 mm和9.6 mm;残余变形角分别为0.3%和0.76%。摩擦装配式节点在小、中、大震下并未削弱结构的复位性能,而在巨震下,结构不追求完全复位,耗能能力显著提高,总水平剪力减小,塑性损伤大幅减少,有效确保了结构安全不倒塌。
支撑连接节点在自复位支撑与钢框架之间传递荷载,节点区塑性发展情况对整体结构抗震性能至关重要。等效塑性应变是构件在承受荷载发生变形直至破坏的过程中持续累积的塑性应变,反映构件材料损伤情况。当等效塑性应变达到0.02时,认为该区域累积了足够的塑性应变从而进入屈服破坏状态。图12为低周往复荷载下自复位支撑⁃普通节点⁃框架系统和自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的节点区等效塑性应变分布。
与普通节点相比,应用摩擦装配式节点后,加载端梁柱交界面未出现严重的塑性损伤,框架塑性铰转移至节点板端部;框架梁的塑性损伤区域有所减小,且框架梁上翼缘的塑性损伤明显大于下翼缘;框架柱未出现明显的塑性损伤。在非加载端的节点区,各部位塑性损伤程度和范围均减小。可见,摩擦装配式节点能有效减小节点区的塑性损伤程度,较好地保护节点板与梁连接、节点板与柱连接以及梁柱连接处。
摩擦装配式节点的主要设计参数包括摩擦片摩擦系数和高强螺栓预紧力。本节对数值模型施加对应层间位移角为4%的单调荷载,利用控制变量法就上述参数对节点性能的影响进行分析,分析工况如表2所示。
图13为不同摩擦片摩擦系数(工况1~5)下自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的骨架曲线。随着摩擦系数的增大,摩擦装配式节点起滑时对应的层间位移角逐渐增大。当摩擦系数为0.10时,摩擦装配式节点在自复位支撑激活前起滑,在滑移过程中自复位支撑轴力保持不变,在摩擦装配式节点达到极限滑移行程后自复位支撑才激活,连接节点并未按照预期正常工作。当摩擦系数为0.15~0.25时,摩擦装配式节点在自复位支撑激活后起滑,起滑时对应的层间位移角依次为1.1%,1.4%和2.2%,在摩擦装配式节点达到最大滑移行程后,自复位支撑轴力继续增大,此时整体结构的刚度与摩擦装配式节点起滑前相似。当摩擦系数为0.30时,摩擦装配式节点起滑时刻对应的层间位移角为3.2%,即使加载完毕,摩擦装配式节点仍未达到最大滑移行程。
图14为不同摩擦片摩擦系数下自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统各构件耗能。在摩擦系数为0.15的情况下,摩擦装配式节点由于在自复位支撑激活后较早起滑,当层间位移角达到2%时可耗散更多的能量,减少整体结构的塑性发展。随着位移荷载的增大,摩擦装配式节点达到极限滑移行程,层间位移角达到4%时摩擦耗能占比下降。当摩擦系数为0.25时,在2%层间位移角对应的位移荷载下,摩擦装配式节点未起滑,框架塑性耗能增加明显,但当层间位移角达到4%时,摩擦装配式节点充分利用滑移行程,摩擦耗能占比最多达47.46%。当摩擦系数为0.3时,由于摩擦装配式节点在层间位移角达到3.2%时才起滑,摩擦装配式节点耗能较少,受压时尤为明显,占比仅为12.04%,整体结构主要通过自复位支撑和框架塑性变形耗散地震能量。
图15为不同高强螺栓预紧力(工况1,6~9)下自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统的骨架曲线,可见预紧力仅对摩擦装配式节点滑移时的曲线平台段有影响。受拉和受压时,系统骨架曲线几乎一致。随着高强螺栓预紧力的逐渐增大,摩擦装配式节点起滑时对应的层间位移角依次为0.7%,1.1%,1.4%,1.8%和2.1%,起滑力增幅依次为22.47%,38.02%,47.74%和57.72%。
图16为不同高强螺栓预紧力下自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点⁃框架系统各构件耗能。当层间位移角达到2%时,随着预紧力逐渐增大至500 kN,摩擦装配式节点耗能逐渐减少,自复位支撑耗能显著增加,而框架部分的塑性耗能几乎一致。产生这一现象的原因是,高强螺栓预紧力越大,起滑越晚,摩擦耗能越少。当层间位移角达到4%时,随着预紧力逐渐增大至500 kN,摩擦装配式节点的摩擦耗能逐渐增加,增幅可达41.18%,而自复位支撑耗能和框架塑性耗能几乎不变。当预紧力达到550 kN时,摩擦装配式节点起滑时对应的层间位移角为2.1%,在对应2%层间位移角的位移荷载下,摩擦装配式节点未起滑耗能,而当层间位移角达到4%时,摩擦装配式节点的摩擦耗能最大,但相比预压力为500 kN的工况,增幅仅为9.21%。
综上,当摩擦片摩擦系数为0.20左右,高强螺栓预紧力处于400~500 kN时,摩擦装配式节点使结构在小震、中震、大震和巨震下均有较好的抗震性能。在实际工程中,应根据建筑结构的设计参数,在保证传力可靠的前提下,选择合适的摩擦装配式节点的摩擦片摩擦系数和高强螺栓预紧力,调整起滑位移和起滑力,以适应不同的抗震性能需求。
本文提出了一种应用于自复位支撑钢框架结构的摩擦装配式支撑连接节点,阐述了自复位支撑⁃摩擦装配式节点系统的工作原理,通过数值模拟将其与普通支撑连接节点进行对比,分析了摩擦片摩擦系数和高强螺栓预紧力对节点性能的影响规律,得到以下结论:
(1)摩擦装配式节点中,高强螺栓和摩擦片组成可靠的连接界面,当自复位支撑轴力达到其最大静摩擦力时,摩擦片间发生相对滑动,使传递到节点区和梁柱的荷载不再增大,防止自复位支撑因节点过早破坏而提前退出工作,从而保证主体结构抗震性能充分发挥。此外,摩擦片起滑后辅助自复位支撑耗散更多的地震能量,起到多种耗能方式协同工作的作用。
(2)在施加低周往复荷载的过程中,摩擦装配式节点使整体结构耗能能力提升了20.81%,随着位移荷载的增加,总水平剪力减少10.59%,对其实际限制作用可达17.56%,有效减小了节点区的塑性损伤程度。
(3)随着摩擦片摩擦系数的逐渐增大,摩擦装配式节点起滑时对应的层间位移角由1.1%逐渐增大至3.2%,而其提供的摩擦耗能先逐渐增大,占比高达47.46%,随后迅速减小,占比仅为12.04%,自复位支撑耗能和框架塑性耗能逐渐增加。
(4)随着高强螺栓预紧力的逐渐增大,当层间位移角达到2%时,摩擦装配式节点提供的摩擦耗能逐渐减少,自复位支撑耗能增加。当层间位移角达到4%时,摩擦装配式节点的摩擦耗能逐渐增加,增幅可达41.18%,而自复位支撑耗能和框架塑性耗能几乎不变。
  • 北京建筑大学大型多功能振动台阵实验室开放研究专项基金项目(2021MFSTL08)
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2024年第37卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.016
  • 接收时间:2022-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-29
  • 修回日期:2022-11-14
基金
北京建筑大学大型多功能振动台阵实验室开放研究专项基金项目(2021MFSTL08)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078036)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M710340)
作者信息
    北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044

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谢行思(1992―),男,博士,讲师。电话:(010)51687237;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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