Article(id=1228634267496939748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1657900800000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-16, revisedDate=1664121600000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858836291, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858836291, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858836291, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858836291, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634261138374834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='7', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858834775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859016311, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1221, endPage=1229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634267832484076, articleId=1228634267496939748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Flow-induced vibration and sound radiation of the functionally graded plates with general boundary conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the vibration and acoustic properties of the baffled functional gradient plates with general boundary conditions under turbulent excitation,a vibro-acoustic coupling model of the functional gradient plate under turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuation is developed by the energy method based on the turbulent pressure fluctuation cross-spectral density,Chebyshev spectral method,Rayleigh integral and the continuity condition of the fluid-structure coupling surface. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified by the agreement with the analytical solution and experimental results. The effects of the general boundary condition and the gradient index of the FGM plate are studied. It can be noted that when the stiffness of the boundary spring is in a certain range,the peak frequencies of the flow-induced acceleration level and sound pressure level increase with the rise of the spring stiffness. When the stiffness of the boundary spring is large,low vibration and radiated sound exist at low frequency,while the radiated sound pressure is high at high frequency. As the gradient index increases,the peak frequency increases gradually,but the peak responses of the acceleration level and sound pressure level decrease.

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为了研究嵌于无限大障板中的功能梯度板在湍流激励下的振动声学特性,基于湍流边界层壁面脉动压力互功率谱密度函数、切比雪夫谱方法、瑞利积分以及流体与结构耦合面的连续性条件,通过能量法建立了一般边界条件下功能梯度板的流激声振耦合模型。该模型能够精确预测功能梯度板在湍流激励下的振动及声辐射响应,与解析解和试验值的吻合验证了算法的准确性。对一般边界条件和梯度指数的研究表明:边界弹簧刚度较大时,功能梯度板在低频具有较低的流激声振响应,而高频时的辐射声压有所升高。随着梯度指数的增大,流激振动及其辐射声压的峰值频率逐渐增大,而峰值频率对应的响应值减小。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
靳国永(1980―),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:
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宋晓济(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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宋晓济(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of plate vibration velocity auto-spectra density between calculation values and reference[2] reference values, figureFileSmall=KBK2E/0YtjeFZoVse4onWg==, figureFileBig=9dNY0ujtDPxfJPsz47ThJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634288686563417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=图3, caption=平板振动速度自功率谱密度计算值与文献[2]参考值对比, figureFileSmall=KBK2E/0YtjeFZoVse4onWg==, figureFileBig=9dNY0ujtDPxfJPsz47ThJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634288804003931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of plate vibration acceleration level and radiation sound pressure level between calculation values and reference[14] reference values, figureFileSmall=jogSWQmi/Eijl7ZID0mXGQ==, figureFileBig=WJZuNaqmgcCUuVSYxqOGlg==, tableContent=null), 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同梯度指数下FGM板的振动加速度级和辐射声压级, figureFileSmall=H3TpRPuXlNR3jgDqzfjrXA==, figureFileBig=gb6czE1JS7Ox2xlFefCNgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634289621893243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The first six order response peaks of acceleration level and radiation sound pressure level under different graded indexes, figureFileSmall=M8Rrby38Ks1rSkijPrwmaA==, figureFileBig=RG5PbWLEW3KPkqRc1aI6GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634289756110976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=图8, caption=加速度级和辐射声压级曲线在不同梯度指数下的前六阶峰值数据, figureFileSmall=M8Rrby38Ks1rSkijPrwmaA==, figureFileBig=RG5PbWLEW3KPkqRc1aI6GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634289881940098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The acceleration response and sound pressure level cloud chart under three kinds of graded indexes, figureFileSmall=OU1ooZ4mWBzh+d70P7TmYg==, figureFileBig=UUH4U7qW7ucMBb2qoz0esg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634289965826184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=图9, caption=三种梯度指数下的加速度响应云图和声压级云图, figureFileSmall=OU1ooZ4mWBzh+d70P7TmYg==, figureFileBig=UUH4U7qW7ucMBb2qoz0esg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634290074878090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Material parameters of FGM plate

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参数取值参数取值
AlAl2O3
长度/m1弹性模量/GPa70380
宽度/m0.8密度/(kg⋅m-3)27073800
厚度/m0.01泊松比0.30.3
阻尼/(N⋅s⋅m-1)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290154569872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FGM板材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值参数取值
AlAl2O3
长度/m1弹性模量/GPa70380
宽度/m0.8密度/(kg⋅m-3)27073800
厚度/m0.01泊松比0.30.3
阻尼/(N⋅s⋅m-1)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290251038866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Natural frequencies of an FGM plate with simply supported boundary(Unit:Hz)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数M×N文献[13]误差/%
8×810×1012×1214×1416×1618×18
1101.29101.29101.29101.29101.29101.29101.300.010
2219.88219.88219.88219.88219.88219.88219.880.000
3286.59286.59286.59286.59286.59286.59286.590.000
4405.18405.17405.17405.17405.17405.17405.180.002
5417.61417.53417.53417.53417.53417.53417.530.000
6595.54595.41595.41595.41595.41595.41595.420.002
7602.88602.82602.82602.81602.81602.81602.830.003
8714.11695.03694.24694.23694.23694.23694.240.001
9719.74713.99713.99713.99713.99713.99714.010.003
10902.39880.21879.52879.52879.51879.51879.540.003
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290339119253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

FGM简支板固有频率(单位:Hz)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数M×N文献[13]误差/%
8×810×1012×1214×1416×1618×18
1101.29101.29101.29101.29101.29101.29101.300.010
2219.88219.88219.88219.88219.88219.88219.880.000
3286.59286.59286.59286.59286.59286.59286.590.000
4405.18405.17405.17405.17405.17405.17405.180.002
5417.61417.53417.53417.53417.53417.53417.530.000
6595.54595.41595.41595.41595.41595.41595.420.002
7602.88602.82602.82602.81602.81602.81602.830.003
8714.11695.03694.24694.23694.23694.23694.240.001
9719.74713.99713.99713.99713.99713.99714.010.003
10902.39880.21879.52879.52879.51879.51879.540.003
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290427199642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Calculation parameters required for verification cases

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参数案例1案例2
平板长度/m0.91440.46
平板宽度/m0.60960.33
平板厚度/m0.006350.0048
材料杨氏模量/Pa2.1×10116.5×1010
材料密度/(kg⋅m-3)78502800
材料泊松比0.270.3
材料阻尼/(N⋅s⋅m-1)0.010.02
自由流速度/(m⋅s-1)5.181635.8
湍流边界层位移厚度/m0.0210.128
流体声速/(m⋅s-1)1500340
流体密度/(kg⋅m-3)10001.225
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290544640158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

验证案例所需计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数案例1案例2
平板长度/m0.91440.46
平板宽度/m0.60960.33
平板厚度/m0.006350.0048
材料杨氏模量/Pa2.1×10116.5×1010
材料密度/(kg⋅m-3)78502800
材料泊松比0.270.3
材料阻尼/(N⋅s⋅m-1)0.010.02
自由流速度/(m⋅s-1)5.181635.8
湍流边界层位移厚度/m0.0210.128
流体声速/(m⋅s-1)1500340
流体密度/(kg⋅m-3)10001.225
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290645303461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The first six order response peaks of vibration acceleration level under different graded indexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数梯度指数g峰值频率/Hz加速度级/dB
107.07101.80
0.18.7097.95
0.310.5094.43
0.511.5092.71
112.6591.13
313.9089.53
514.4088.89
1015.0086.47
2041.0097.37
0.150.5096.90
0.361.0090.80
0.566.6088.95
173.4086.47
380.4083.29
583.0079.13
1087.0079.05
3089.4082.27
0.1110.0077.85
0.3133.0071.35
0.5145.0068.40
1160.0064.66
3174.0060.85
5181.0059.71
10189.0056.85
40127.0081.25
0.1156.0079.85
0.3188.0071.40
0.5205.5069.77
1226.0068.94
3247.3067.15
5256.0065.90
10267.7063.41
50138.8089.62
0.1170.6274.09
0.3205.8080.05
0.5224.7079.59
1247.0077.99
3270.5076.62
5280.0073.79
10293.0066.17
60168.8073.98
0.1224.0051.64
0.3250.0068.07
0.5273.0064.62
1300.0056.45
3327.0037.94
5340.0048.00
10355.0049.80
), ArticleFig(id=1228634290766938284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634267496939748, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

加速度级在不同梯度指数下的前六阶峰值数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数梯度指数g峰值频率/Hz加速度级/dB
107.07101.80
0.18.7097.95
0.310.5094.43
0.511.5092.71
112.6591.13
313.9089.53
514.4088.89
1015.0086.47
2041.0097.37
0.150.5096.90
0.361.0090.80
0.566.6088.95
173.4086.47
380.4083.29
583.0079.13
1087.0079.05
3089.4082.27
0.1110.0077.85
0.3133.0071.35
0.5145.0068.40
1160.0064.66
3174.0060.85
5181.0059.71
10189.0056.85
40127.0081.25
0.1156.0079.85
0.3188.0071.40
0.5205.5069.77
1226.0068.94
3247.3067.15
5256.0065.90
10267.7063.41
50138.8089.62
0.1170.6274.09
0.3205.8080.05
0.5224.7079.59
1247.0077.99
3270.5076.62
5280.0073.79
10293.0066.17
60168.8073.98
0.1224.0051.64
0.3250.0068.07
0.5273.0064.62
1300.0056.45
3327.0037.94
5340.0048.00
10355.0049.80
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一般边界条件下功能梯度板流激振动声辐射研究
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宋晓济 , 靳国永 , 叶天贵
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(7): 1221-1229
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(7): 1221-1229
一般边界条件下功能梯度板流激振动声辐射研究
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宋晓济 , 靳国永 , 叶天贵
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 宋晓济(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

靳国永(1980―),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:
Flow-induced vibration and sound radiation of the functionally graded plates with general boundary conditions
Xiao-ji SONG , Guo-yong JIN , Tian-gui YE
Affiliations
  • College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.014
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为了研究嵌于无限大障板中的功能梯度板在湍流激励下的振动声学特性,基于湍流边界层壁面脉动压力互功率谱密度函数、切比雪夫谱方法、瑞利积分以及流体与结构耦合面的连续性条件,通过能量法建立了一般边界条件下功能梯度板的流激声振耦合模型。该模型能够精确预测功能梯度板在湍流激励下的振动及声辐射响应,与解析解和试验值的吻合验证了算法的准确性。对一般边界条件和梯度指数的研究表明:边界弹簧刚度较大时,功能梯度板在低频具有较低的流激声振响应,而高频时的辐射声压有所升高。随着梯度指数的增大,流激振动及其辐射声压的峰值频率逐渐增大,而峰值频率对应的响应值减小。

功能梯度板  /  流激振动  /  流激噪声  /  一般边界条件

To investigate the vibration and acoustic properties of the baffled functional gradient plates with general boundary conditions under turbulent excitation,a vibro-acoustic coupling model of the functional gradient plate under turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuation is developed by the energy method based on the turbulent pressure fluctuation cross-spectral density,Chebyshev spectral method,Rayleigh integral and the continuity condition of the fluid-structure coupling surface. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified by the agreement with the analytical solution and experimental results. The effects of the general boundary condition and the gradient index of the FGM plate are studied. It can be noted that when the stiffness of the boundary spring is in a certain range,the peak frequencies of the flow-induced acceleration level and sound pressure level increase with the rise of the spring stiffness. When the stiffness of the boundary spring is large,low vibration and radiated sound exist at low frequency,while the radiated sound pressure is high at high frequency. As the gradient index increases,the peak frequency increases gradually,but the peak responses of the acceleration level and sound pressure level decrease.

functionally graded plate  /  flow-induced vibration  /  flow-induced noise  /  general boundary condition
宋晓济, 靳国永, 叶天贵. 一般边界条件下功能梯度板流激振动声辐射研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1221 -1229 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.014
Xiao-ji SONG, Guo-yong JIN, Tian-gui YE. Flow-induced vibration and sound radiation of the functionally graded plates with general boundary conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1221 -1229 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.014
潜艇水下噪声源主要包括机械噪声、螺旋桨噪声和水动力噪声。其中水动力噪声的大小与流速的5~7次方成正比,中高速航行时,水动力噪声将成为主要噪声源。水动力噪声包括湍流直接辐射噪声和湍流激励结构振动声辐射。低马赫数时,湍流直接辐射噪声很小,可以忽略,流激噪声成为主要贡献量。流激噪声会影响潜艇的隐身性能,因此开展水下结构的流激振动声辐射研究具有重要意义。
流激噪声是由湍流边界层(TBL)壁面脉动压力引起的。根据随机理论,湍流脉动压力可视为一种稳态的随机过程,并应以功率谱形式加以描述。作为经典的TBL脉动压力功率谱密度函数,Corcos模型1被广泛使用。Strawderman等2采用Corcos模型,基于解析法计算了简支平板和无穷大平板的水下流激振动响应,简支板的精确解使得文献[2]中的方法不能被推广到其他边界条件。陈美霞等3结合有限元边界元方法和Corcos模型,提出一种半解析半数值算法,分析了简支平板和圆柱壳的流激振动特性,该方法继承了有限元方法的优点。Maxit等4基于互易原则实现了无限大周期加筋圆柱壳的流激声辐射计算。Hambric等5通过对不同波数段的TBL功率谱建立单独的模型,发现固支边界和自由边界分别在TBL功率谱的低波数区和对流区起主要作用。Esmailzadeh等6对具有SFSF,CFCF和CFFF等经典边界的平板流激振动进行了计算,发现不同边界条件下最大响应值随流速的变化规律有差别,且当边界为CFFF时有较高的响应幅值。边界条件对流激噪声有重要的影响,实际工程应用中,结构的边界往往是复杂的、具有一定刚度的一般边界条件,但现有研究方法常将其简化为经典边界条件,而对一般边界条件下流激振动噪声的研究不足。
功能梯度材料(FGM)的属性在厚度上连续梯度变化,使其具有降低应力集中的性能,被广泛应用到多种领域中7。随着制备工艺的进步,FGM在水下潜艇上的应用成为可能,因此有必要对FGM的流激振动声辐射进行研究。受限于FGM板的建模难度,对其在流激方面的研究较少。周理等8对湍流激励下FGM涂覆层-无限大背衬板的声传递性能进行了研究,该文献只是对厚度剖面进行建模,没有考虑流体在水平方向的互相作用及结构边界条件的影响。
能量法适用于建立一般边界条件下FGM结构的振动分析模型9-11。本文通过能量法和TBL脉动压力功率谱模型建立了一般边界条件下FGM板的流激声振耦合模型,通过在空间域进行四重积分,获取了振动和声辐射响应。其中辐射声压是通过瑞利积分得到的。针对FGM材料特性,详细分析了不同边界条件和不同梯度指数下的流激振动和声辐射响应。
假设充分发展、稳态、均匀的TBL流过嵌于无限大障板的长为a、宽为b的平板的一侧(如图1所示),另一侧的流体处于静止状态。FGM板和边界层之间只存在弱耦合,FGM板的振动不会影响湍流脉动压力场;假设流体中声波的传播与湍流的流动互不影响。TBL壁面脉动压力互功率谱可以作为FGM板振动的输入载荷。
沿x轴方向有流速为的湍流流动,流体的声速为,密度为。一般采用半经验模型来描述湍流脉动压力互功率谱密度函数,较为经典的模型为Corcos模型1
式中  表示顺流方向和扩展方向的相对距离;为角频率;分别为顺流方向和扩展方向的经验常数,本文中分别取为0.115和0.7;为对流速度,取值范围一般为流速的0.6~0.8倍3;自功谱密度有多种表达形式,本文使用了Skudrzyk等12提出的形式:
式中  ,当流体为水时,ε取为1,当流体为空气时,ε取为3;δ*为湍流边界层位移厚度。
考虑材料特性沿板厚方向连续变化的FGM板(截面示意图如图2所示),材料由金属按幂函数呈梯度变化到陶瓷。材料属性随厚度h变化的关系为:
式中  PmPc分别为金属和陶瓷的材料属性,可以表示弹性模量、泊松比、质量密度等;g∈[0,+∞)为梯度指数。
根据基尔霍夫薄板理论,FGM板上任意一点沿xyz三个方向的位移分量为:
小变形情况下,应变-位移关系为:
根据胡克定律,应力-应变关系为:
式中  C为弹性张量,表示为:
根据能量理论,FGM板的应变能和动能分别为:
式中  Ez)为杨氏模量;z)为泊松比;为密度。E是坐标z的幂函数;V表示FGM板的体积。
FGM板的边界条件通过具有可变刚度的线分布式边界弹簧来模拟,边界弹簧弹性势能为:
式中  k表示线性弹簧的刚度;K表示扭转弹簧的刚度;下标“x0”,“xa”,“y0”,“yb”表示FGM板的4个边界。
板振动引起的声压场满足如下波动方程2
镶嵌于无限大障板中的FGM板,在无限远处满足Sommerfeld辐射条件,而在平板与流体接触面上,声压场的边界条件为:
假设声压随时间简谐变化,无限大障板使声场分为互不影响的上、下两部分,因此FGM板上下两面的声压大小相等,方向相反。在以上边界条件下求解波动方程,得到瑞利积分公式,FGM板上、下两面的声压场可以表示为:
式中  表示板的上表面;表示板的下表面;表示FGM板上的任意源点,
上、下两面互不影响的辐射声压都对FGM板做功,表达式为:
在点施加单频点力激励,可以得到单位外力对板做功为:
综上,采用瑞利-里茨方法,整个系统的拉格朗日方程9为:
FGM板的位移函数用切比雪夫多项式近似表示为:
式中  ψ表示切比雪夫多项式;G表示未知系数;MN表示在xy方向上使用的切比雪夫多项式的项数;m表示在x方向上的第m阶多项式;n表示在y方向上的第n阶多项式。
将式(17)代入式(16),根据哈密顿原理,对拉格朗日方程求导可以得到单频点力作用下的线性方程:
式中  K为刚度矩阵;M为质量矩阵;为声固耦合矩阵;为外部激励矩阵。
求解式(18)得到未知系数G,代入到式(17)就可以得到FGM板的位移单频响应函数为:
根据瑞利积分公式,由式(13)位移与声压的关系式,可得到辐射声压的频响函数为:
式中  ,为空间响应点与平板上任意一点的距离。
频响函数具有互易性,点处的法向位移与点处施加的法向力之比,等于点处的法向位移与点处施加的法向力之比4。根据随机理论2,湍流激励下FGM板振动位移的自功率谱密度为:
根据位移与速度、加速度的关系,速度、加速度的自功率谱密度可以由位移的自功率谱密度表示为:
同理可得,辐射声压的自功率谱密度为:
由功率谱的定义可知,结构位移和辐射声压与自功率谱的关系为:
为了验证FGM板建模的准确性,对四边简支Al/Al2O3 FGM板的模态进行了计算,板的材料参数如表1所示。简支边界是通过将扭转边界弹簧的刚度K和线性边界弹簧的刚度k分别设置为0和 N/m2来实现的。
实际计算中不可能取无限项多项式,而随着位移函数的截断级数的增加,计算值逐渐稳定,因此有限项多项式就可以表示准确结果。综合计算效率和准确性,进行了收敛性验证。梯度指数为1的固有频率如表2所示,发现当M=N=16时,模态计算值就可以收敛到稳定值。之后的计算都以此截断级数进行。从表2与文献[13]解析解的比较结果可以看出,前10阶模态的固有频率与文献结果相吻合,误差值小于等于0.01%,证明了本文FGM板建模的准确性,可以用于下一步的流激振动噪声计算。
本文通过计算梯度指数为零的简支板在湍流激励下的振动噪声响应来验证算法的准确性。
案例1和2中分别考虑了流体介质是水和空气的两种情况,所需计算参数如表3所示。
案例1计算了水下钢板在上表面TBL激励下的振动速度自功率谱密度,考虑了结构与两侧水的声固耦合效应。图3对比了平板中心(点a)和3/4长度处(点b)的本文计算值与文献[2]参考值。
案例2计算了铝板在空气中受TBL激励的振动加速度级和辐射声压级。参考加速度级为9.8 m⋅s-2⋅Hz-0.5,参考声压级为图4给出了本文计算值与文献[14]试验值、计算值的对比结果,可以看出本文计算结果与文献试验和计算结果吻合良好。响应值有微小偏差的原因是本文通过蒙特卡罗数值积分方法求得Corcos模型与位移函数的四重积分及声固耦合矩阵,与文献[9]和[14]基于模态叠加法的精确积分方法存在差别。为了探究蒙特卡罗积分的收敛性问题,针对案例2中振动加速度级,在六个频率处,将不同数量积分节点下的计算值在图5中进行了比较,可以看出低频时计算值基本相同。随着频率的升高,当积分节点数在100万以上时,计算值与100万积分节点时的差值不超过1 dB,结果较为稳定。为了平衡计算效率与准确性,本文以100万积分节点进行计算。
由以上分析可知,本文提出的方法可以准确有效地计算TBL激励下的FGM板振动噪声响应问题。
基于案例1的计算参数,把钢板替换为Al/Al2O3 FGM板,计算了其中心点的加速度级和中心点上方0.5 m处的辐射声压级。参考加速度级为 ,参考声压级为
人工调整边界弹簧的刚度即可实现任意边界条件。假设板四边的边界条件相同,保持扭转边界弹簧刚度为0,将线性边界弹簧的刚度从 N/m2逐渐增加到 N/m2来探究不同边界条件的影响。图6中比较了梯度指数为5的FGM板在上述边界刚度变化规律下的流激振动加速度级和辐射声压级。可以看出,当线性弹簧刚度大于 N/m2时,在低频具有更低的加速度和声压响应值及较少的峰值点,而在高频处声压值有所提高。
随着刚度从 N/m2增大到 N/m2,峰值频率向高频偏移。从式(10)和(18)中可以看出,边界弹簧刚度的增大引起系统整体刚度矩阵的增大,从而引起固有频率的增加。这与图6中峰值频率向高频偏移相吻合。本文中,弹簧刚度高于 N/m2和低于 N/m2时,响应值都不再改变。刚度值大于 N/m2时,边界约束足够大可视为刚性边界,而刚度值小于 N/m2时,不足以提供足够的约束可视为自由边界。因此弹簧刚度的改变并不能无限影响峰值频率和响应值,其具有收敛性。
梯度指数的改变能够影响FGM板的材料特性,通过计算不同梯度指数下的振动加速度级和辐射声压级,探究了梯度指数对流激振动声辐射的影响,结果如图7所示。
图7中8种梯度指数下的振动加速度级和辐射声压级曲线可以看出,每一梯度指数下都在第一个峰值频率处有最大响应值,随着频率的增加,整体响应呈下降的趋势。除了个别频率点的差别,不同梯度指数下的响应曲线形状趋势相同。从云图中可以看出,不同梯度指数下的同一峰值呈带状向高频倾斜,说明随梯度指数的增加,峰值点向高频偏移,且峰值密度不变。加速度响应和声压响应在梯度指数为10的一侧明显小于梯度指数为0的一侧,说明随梯度指数的增大响应值在减小。
为了进一步验证上述规律,提取加速度级和声压级曲线的前六阶峰值数据,在图8中将不同梯度指数下的同一阶峰值进行对比,并将峰值频率及其对应的加速度级幅值列于表4。可以明显看到,随着梯度指数从0增大到10,同一阶峰值对应的频率值逐渐增大,对应的加速度级和声压级幅值均降低15 dB以上。根据FGM建模,梯度指数增大会导致陶瓷材料占比的增大。选取的陶瓷材料为Al2O3,弹性模量与密度之比远大于金属材料Al。由1.2节推导可知,弹性模量和密度分别体现于刚度矩阵和质量矩阵中,弹性模量与密度之比的增大引起刚度矩阵与质量矩阵之比的增大,从而导致固有频率的增大,这与文献[5]的结果相似。这正是峰值频率随梯度指数增大而增大的原因。
图8中前四阶峰值频率对应的加速度级和声压级具有随梯度指数的增大而减小的规律,这与图7观察到的结果相同。在第五阶峰值点处,g=0.1时的加速度级和声压级比g=0和g=0.3时的都低,而在第六阶峰值点处,g=0.1和g=3时的加速度级和g=3时的声压级都偏低。计算第五阶峰值频率下不同位置的加速度响应及声压级响应组成云图,图9中比较了g=0,g=0.1和g=0.3三种梯度指数下的平板加速度响应云图和声压级云图。以平板中心为圆心,板长a为半径,分别计算了平板所在平面z=0的圆形声压级云图、截面y=b/2的半圆形声压级云图和截面x=a/2的半圆形声压级云图。
三种梯度指数下的加速度响应云图和声压级云图具有相似性,可以认为均处于第五阶峰值频率下,且g=0.1时的加速度值和声压级均比其他两种情况下低,与图8第五个峰值点的结果相呼应,对比验证了本文峰值计算结果的准确性。对比加速度响应云图和三个平面上的声压级云图可以发现,声压级的大小分布与平板的振动加速度幅值相关,振动响应越强的位置,辐射声压级越大;随着与平板距离的增大,辐射声压级逐渐减小。
结合壁面脉动压力Corcos模型,通过能量法建立了湍流激励下具有一般边界条件的FGM板的声振耦合模型。通过计算FGM板的固有频率,进行了本文模型的收敛性验证;将流激振动声辐射结果与文献的解析解和试验值进行对比,分别在空气中和水中验证了本算法的准确性。分析了一般边界条件的影响机理,对梯度指数对流激振动声辐射的影响进行了研究。结果表明:当弹簧刚度较大时,边界约束较强,可以在低频得到较低的加速度响应和声压级响应,而高频的声压级幅值会增大。在某一刚度范围内,随着边界弹簧刚度的增大,加速度级和声压级的峰值频率逐渐增大,当在此刚度范围外时,峰值频率和响应值基本不随刚度变化而变化。随着梯度指数的增大,峰值密度基本不变,峰值频率向高频偏移,而峰值处的加速度级和声压级幅值减小。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52225109)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52241101)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52271309)
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2024年第37卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.014
  • 接收时间:2022-07-16
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-16
  • 修回日期:2022-09-26
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52225109)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52241101)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52271309)
作者信息
    哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001

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靳国永(1980―),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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