Article(id=1228634266171539654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1665504000000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-12, revisedDate=1670601600000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858835976, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858835976, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858835976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858835976, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634261138374834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='7', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858834775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859016311, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1115, endPage=1125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634266398032075, articleId=1228634266171539654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Wind-induced vibration response characteristics and coefficients on inflatable membrane structures with rectangular-planed projection, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years,inflatable membrane structures with rectangular planes have been widely used in large-span coal bunkers and other facilities. However,the wind-induced vibration coefficients for these structures are not provided in design standards. In this paper,the wind loads on inflatable membrane structures with rectangular planes for typical rise-span ratios are obtained through wind tunnel tests. The wind-induced responses are calculated via a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The influences of different parameters such as wind velocity,wind direction,span,rise-span ratio,and internal pressure on the deformations and extreme responses are investigated. The results show that the mean structural deformation is characterized as concave on the windward and leeward regions and convex on the top and side regions. The spatial distributions of extreme responses are significantly influenced by the structural parameters and wind directions. Additionally,the wind-induced responses are positively correlated with the spans and rise-span ratios. The structural wind resistant performance can be strengthened by enhancing internal pressure to some extent. The internal pressure is recommended between 400 and 500 Pa. The wind-induced vibration coefficients of displacement and stress are provided for engineering reference.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhao-qing CHEN, Chao WEI, Shuang WANG, Jun-bin ZHAO, Yue WU, Ning SU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228634284379014016, articleId=1228634266171539654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=CN, title=矩形平面投影气膜结构风振响应特性及风振系数研究, columnId=0, journalTitle=振动工程学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来,矩形平面投影气膜结构被广泛应用于大跨度气膜煤仓等设施中,但是规范中尚无该类结构的风振系数。本文通过风洞测压试验,测量了典型矢跨比矩形平面投影气膜结构的风荷载;运用非线性动力时程分析法分析了结构的风振响应。研究了风速、风向、跨度、矢跨比和内压等参数对结构变形和响应极值的影响。结果表明:结构呈现迎风面及背风面凹陷、顶部和两侧向外凸的平均变形特征;极值响应的分布受结构参数和风向角的影响;响应的大小与跨度和矢跨比呈正相关;增大内压在一定程度上可以提高结构的抗风性,内压调控区间建议为400~500 Pa;给出了可供抗风设计参考的位移风振系数及应力风振系数。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
魏 超(1998—),男,硕士研究生。 E-mail:
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陈昭庆(1980—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:

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陈昭庆(1980—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:

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陈昭庆(1980—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:

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figureFileBig=IXqG1iwHI3ZGOUClPuv6vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634292335608060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634266171539654, language=CN, label=图18, caption=风振系数分区示意图, figureFileSmall=yi5GfjiQafir1Q3FyYDvRg==, figureFileBig=IXqG1iwHI3ZGOUClPuv6vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228634292419494143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634266171539654, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Statistical investigations on the engineering parameters of inflatable membrane structures with rectangular-planed projection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
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2019武乡西山电厂煤场环保气膜209117381/3斜向交叉索网
2018河北中德封闭气膜煤棚18096382/5斜向交叉索网
2017山西美锦煤化工气膜煤仓200110371/3斜向交叉索网
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矩形平面投影气膜结构的工程参数统计

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年份工程项目长度L/m跨度B/m高度f/m矢跨比f/B索网布置方式
2022陕西渭河彬州化工气膜14050251/2斜向交叉索网
2021天道仓储物流气膜仓库23780401/2斜向交叉索网
2020中国宝物集团马钢气膜煤场16088301/3斜向交叉索网
2020山西潞安洗煤厂封闭气膜一期224105393/8斜向交叉索网
2020山西潞安洗煤厂封闭气膜二期208104383/8斜向交叉索网
2019江苏徐州污染土处理充气大棚150100331/3斜向交叉索网
2019武乡西山电厂煤场环保气膜209117381/3斜向交叉索网
2018河北中德封闭气膜煤棚18096382/5斜向交叉索网
2017山西美锦煤化工气膜煤仓200110371/3斜向交叉索网
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The material parameters of structures

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膜材参数数值索参数数值
弹性模量/MPa600弹性模量/MPa1.2×105
泊松比0.32泊松比0.3
密度/(kg·m-2)1.75密度/(kg·m-3)7850
厚度/mm1截面积/mm2200
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结构材料参数

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膜材参数数值索参数数值
弹性模量/MPa600弹性模量/MPa1.2×105
泊松比0.32泊松比0.3
密度/(kg·m-2)1.75密度/(kg·m-3)7850
厚度/mm1截面积/mm2200
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Case details of wind-induced response analysis

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关键参数参数数值
风向角θ/(°)0, 45, 90
风速v0/(m·s-1)9, 12, 15, 18
矢跨比f/B1/3, 2/5, 1/2
跨度B/m60, 90, 120
内压P/Pa300, 400, 500, 600
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风振响应分析工况

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关键参数参数数值
风向角θ/(°)0, 45, 90
风速v0/(m·s-1)9, 12, 15, 18
矢跨比f/B1/3, 2/5, 1/2
跨度B/m60, 90, 120
内压P/Pa300, 400, 500, 600
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Recommendation value of wind-induced vibration coefficients of zoned displacement

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分区f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2
45°90°45°90°45°90°
11.71.71.31.71.71.21.71.71.3
21.31.71.71.41.71.41.51.71.4
31.41.51.31.61.61.41.61.71.5
41.31.71.71.41.71.51.51.51.5
51.71.71.31.71.71.21.71.71.3
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分区位移风振系数建议值

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分区f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2
45°90°45°90°45°90°
11.71.71.31.71.71.21.71.71.3
21.31.71.71.41.71.41.51.71.4
31.41.51.31.61.61.41.61.71.5
41.31.71.71.41.71.51.51.51.5
51.71.71.31.71.71.21.71.71.3
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Recommendation values of wind-induced vibration coefficients of stress

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风向角βSmβSc
f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2
1.21.11.31.11.21.2
45°1.21.31.21.11.21.2
90°1.11.31.31.11.21.2
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应力风振系数建议值

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风向角βSmβSc
f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2f/B=1/3f/B=2/5f/B=1/2
1.21.11.31.11.21.2
45°1.21.31.21.11.21.2
90°1.11.31.31.11.21.2
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矩形平面投影气膜结构风振响应特性及风振系数研究
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陈昭庆 1, 2 , 魏超 1, 2 , 王爽 1, 3 , 赵军宾 1, 4 , 武岳 4 , 苏宁 5
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(7): 1115-1125
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(7): 1115-1125
矩形平面投影气膜结构风振响应特性及风振系数研究
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陈昭庆1, 2 , 魏超1, 2 , 王爽1, 3, 赵军宾1, 4, 武岳4, 苏宁5
作者信息
  • 1东北电力大学建筑工程学院, 吉林 吉林 132012
  • 2东北电力大学吉林省电力基础设施安全评估与灾害防治重点实验室, 吉林 吉林 132012
  • 3中国电力工程顾问集团东北电力设计院有限公司, 吉林 长春 130021
  • 4哈尔滨工业大学结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
  • 5交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院, 天津 300456
  • 陈昭庆(1980—),男,博士,副教授。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

魏 超(1998—),男,硕士研究生。 E-mail:
Wind-induced vibration response characteristics and coefficients on inflatable membrane structures with rectangular-planed projection
Zhao-qing CHEN1, 2 , Chao WEI1, 2 , Shuang WANG1, 3, Jun-bin ZHAO1, 4, Yue WU4, Ning SU5
Affiliations
  • 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
  • 2Key Lab of Electric Power Infrastructure Safety Assessment and Disaster Prevention of Jilin Province,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
  • 3Northeast Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Changchun 130021,China
  • 4Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China
  • 5Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.004
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近年来,矩形平面投影气膜结构被广泛应用于大跨度气膜煤仓等设施中,但是规范中尚无该类结构的风振系数。本文通过风洞测压试验,测量了典型矢跨比矩形平面投影气膜结构的风荷载;运用非线性动力时程分析法分析了结构的风振响应。研究了风速、风向、跨度、矢跨比和内压等参数对结构变形和响应极值的影响。结果表明:结构呈现迎风面及背风面凹陷、顶部和两侧向外凸的平均变形特征;极值响应的分布受结构参数和风向角的影响;响应的大小与跨度和矢跨比呈正相关;增大内压在一定程度上可以提高结构的抗风性,内压调控区间建议为400~500 Pa;给出了可供抗风设计参考的位移风振系数及应力风振系数。

充气膜结构  /  风洞试验  /  风振响应  /  风振系数

In recent years,inflatable membrane structures with rectangular planes have been widely used in large-span coal bunkers and other facilities. However,the wind-induced vibration coefficients for these structures are not provided in design standards. In this paper,the wind loads on inflatable membrane structures with rectangular planes for typical rise-span ratios are obtained through wind tunnel tests. The wind-induced responses are calculated via a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The influences of different parameters such as wind velocity,wind direction,span,rise-span ratio,and internal pressure on the deformations and extreme responses are investigated. The results show that the mean structural deformation is characterized as concave on the windward and leeward regions and convex on the top and side regions. The spatial distributions of extreme responses are significantly influenced by the structural parameters and wind directions. Additionally,the wind-induced responses are positively correlated with the spans and rise-span ratios. The structural wind resistant performance can be strengthened by enhancing internal pressure to some extent. The internal pressure is recommended between 400 and 500 Pa. The wind-induced vibration coefficients of displacement and stress are provided for engineering reference.

inflatable membrane structure  /  wind tunnel test  /  wind-induced vibration response  /  wind-induced vibration coefficient
陈昭庆, 魏超, 王爽, 赵军宾, 武岳, 苏宁. 矩形平面投影气膜结构风振响应特性及风振系数研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1115 -1125 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.004
Zhao-qing CHEN, Chao WEI, Shuang WANG, Jun-bin ZHAO, Yue WU, Ning SU. Wind-induced vibration response characteristics and coefficients on inflatable membrane structures with rectangular-planed projection[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1115 -1125 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.004
近年来,矩形平面投影气膜结构被广泛应用于大跨度气膜煤仓等设施中,这种结构通常采用柔性膜材作为主要覆面材料,通过膜内外压力差使膜面产生张力,并以此形成稳定形态并具备一定承载能力1-2。气膜结构质量较轻,在风荷载作用下具有较大的变形和振动,是典型的风敏感结构;同时,荷载和响应之间具有较强的非线性,响应规律复杂且评估困难3。因此,抗风设计阶段如何对结构的风振响应特性及响应极值进行准确评估,是设计师必须考虑的问题。
部分学者通过现场实测、气弹模型风洞试验和流固耦合数值模拟等方法对气膜结构的风振响应特性进行研究4-5。Yin等6设计了一套健康监测系统,用其观测了一座气膜体育馆在台风“利奇马”作用下的动力特性,发现结构的横向和竖向变形比纵向变形更显著,结构变形会造成内压的轻微波动。Li等7观测了台风“山竹”作用下一个气膜煤仓的表面风压、风振响应以及周围流场风速和风向的变化,并将风场观测结果用于结构非线性动力分析,发现当前抗风设计用的基本风压可能过高地估计了结构的实际安全风险,等效静风荷载分析得到的位移响应较实测结果略微偏大,而考虑脉动风荷载的位移极值与实测结果一致。Newman等8制作了不同矢跨比的气弹模型来研究截球形气膜的风振响应,发现超过一定风速后结构迎风面会发生以凹陷为特征的屈曲失稳,并给出了防失稳的内压公式。Chen等9和Wood等10利用双目系统测量了不同矢跨比的截球形气膜模型在不同风速下的全场动态位移应变,研究了结构的风致灾害机理,发现气膜结构响应的突然增大与尾流脱落的旋涡有关,当旋涡主频与结构某一阶基频接近时,可能发生涡激共振。王佳佳11通过Fluent软件研究了截椭球形气膜的风振响应,发现结构在不同风向角下的位移响应极值都发生在顶部。这些研究揭示了气膜结构的风致灾害机理,但相关分析方法很难直接用于结构抗风设计。
还有一些学者尝试通过非线性有限元方法对气膜结构的风振响应进行预测。方圆等12通过静力分析法研究了截球形气膜在不同参数条件下的受力特性及变形特征,建议球形气膜的内外压比控制在1.4以上。王珏等13利用非线性动力时程分析法对比了非规则气膜结构的动力响应和静力响应,给出了其风振系数取值。孙国军等14研究了索网对矩形平面投影气膜结构的影响,发现加索可以大大降低结构的风振响应,但是对结构风振系数影响不大。
综上所述,目前针对大跨度矩形平面投影气膜结构的风振响应研究主要针对某具体工程,并且尚缺乏典型风向角、矢跨比等条件下的系统研究。考虑到中国《膜结构技术规程》(CECS 158―2015)15及《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009―2012)16中,尚未具体给出矩形平面投影气膜结构的风振系数,本文以索网加固的大跨度矩形平面投影气膜结构为研究对象,通过刚性模型测压试验获得了典型矢跨比气膜结构的风荷载及其分布规律,运用非线性动力时程分析法分析了结构响应及其随各参数变化的规律。最后,在此基础上给出了可供抗风设计参考的响应风振系数。
表1为近年来部分新建的矩形平面投影气膜结构的工程参数统计。由表1可知:斜向交叉索网是大跨度矩形平面投影气膜结构最常见的索网布置方式。已有研究表明:致密的斜向交叉索网对气膜结构在风荷载作用下的变形具有很好的限制作用,设计风速范围内的最大位移一般不超过跨度的3%17-18。而台风作用下的实测位移极值甚至不到跨度的0.5%6-7,换算到测压模型上不足几毫米。因此,本文以斜向交叉索网固定的气膜结构在正常工作状态下的响应为研究对象,不考虑过大变形对气膜结构风荷载的影响。
风洞测压试验在交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院风洞试验室中进行。风洞试验段长15 m,宽4.4 m,高2.5 m。
根据表1的统计数据,以长度L=180 m、跨度B=90 m的矩形平面投影气膜结构为研究对象,制作了三种典型矢跨比的模型(f/B=1/3,2/5和1/2)。由于风洞尺寸的限制和阻塞率小于5%的要求,几何缩尺比取为1∶150。所以模型的跨度B=600 mm,长度L=1200 mm。图1为不同矢跨比的风洞试验模型照片。测量了结构在长边迎风(0°)、短边迎风(90°)和斜风向(45°)3个典型风向角下的风压,风向角的定义如图1(a)所示。试验风场为B类地貌,风速为10 m/s,取模型顶部高度为参考高度。风压测量仪器的采样频率为625 Hz,采样时间为20 s。
模型每个测压点的风压系数根据下式计算:
式中  表示测压模型测点it时刻的风压系数;为测点it时刻的测量风压;为参考高度处的总压平均值;为参考高度处的静压平均值。
平均风压系数和脉动风压系数分别为:
式中  N为采样样本长度。
以1/3矢跨比模型为例,图2给出了3个典型风向角下气膜结构的平均风压系数分布云图。由图2可知:1)长边迎风(0°)时,气膜结构迎风面受正压(风压力)作用,向模型两侧及顶部过渡为负压(风吸力),负压极值发生在模型顶部位置;2)斜风向(45°)时,正压极值出现在迎风面拐点处,而负压极值出现在迎风侧的短边屋脊处;3)短边迎风(90°)时,风压沿结构的双轴线呈对称分布,变化趋势比较平缓,迎风面为正压,屋盖顶部、侧面均为负压,负压极值出现在结构迎风面角部位置处;4)负压在45°风向角下最大,无论在哪种风向角下,靠近结构边缘的背风区均出现正压,但其值相比迎风区小很多,说明流动再附发生在结构背风面的底部位置。
结构在不同风向角下的脉动风压系数分布云图如图3所示。从图3中可以看出:1)各风向角下脉动风压系数的变化区间不大,变化幅值在0.1~0.2左右;2)脉动风压系数的极值一般出现在结构的角部位置,达到0.3左右。
风振响应分析通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS完成。膜单元选用M3D3三角形单元,索单元选用T3D2杆单元。图4给出了网格划分后结构有限元模型的网格和节点示意图。膜材和索的材料参数如表2所示。
首先,需要对气膜结构进行形态分析以得到用于响应分析的有限元模型。参考Li等19介绍的气膜结构形态分析方法,在Rhino建模软件中构建结构的初始形态模型,然后将其导入ABAQUS软件中,施加边界条件与内压进行迭代求解,得到应力平衡状态下的模型即为响应分析的有限元模型。以原型结构为分析模型,索网的布置形式采用斜向交叉索网,膜边界处的索间距为5 m,索膜之间假定为绑定约束。以f/B=1/3,B=120 m,P=400 Pa的气膜结构为例,图5给出了网格划分及形态分析后的膜应力分布云图。风振响应分析的工况如表3所示。
对于膜结构,非线性动力时程分析的一般步骤为:1)将测压模型各测点的风压时程数据换算成有限元模型各网格节点的风荷载,加载到有限元模型上;2)考虑非线性,在时域内求解结构动力微分方程,获得每个时间步上结构的响应;3)对响应时程样本进行统计分析,获得响应的均值、标准差和频谱特性等,研究结构的风振响应规律。
加载到有限元模型节点的风荷载通过下式计算:
式中  为原型结构的有限元模型节点it时刻的风荷载;为原型结构的有限元模型节点it时刻的风压系数,由刚性测压模型测点的风压系数时程通过空间插值得到;为空气密度;为参考高度处的平均风速,取原型结构的顶点高度作为参考高度;为节点i的附属面积。
原型结构上的风荷载加载步长由Strouhal相似准则公式计算20
式中  n为频率;I为几何尺寸;v为风速;下标“m”和“p”分别表示风洞试验模型和原型结构。
施加风荷载后,通过Newmark逐步积分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法求解动力微分方程,获得结构的响应时程。结构在tt时刻的动力微分方程表示为:
式中  分别为结构在tt时刻的加速度、速度和位移向量;tt时刻的外荷载向量;表示考虑几何非线性的刚度矩阵;MC分别表示结构的质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵。
结构阻尼采用瑞利阻尼,其计算公式如下:
式中  ab分别为质量和刚度系数;分别为结构第i阶和第j阶振型的自振频率,本文取前两阶频率;为结构阻尼比,本文取为4%。
结构响应的均值和极值(最大值)由下式计算:
式中  分别为节点(单元)i的响应平均值和极值;为节点(单元)it时刻的风振响应。
B=90 m,f/B=1/3,P=400 Pa的气膜结构为例,图6给出了结构的前两阶模态振型。可以看出,矩形平面投影气膜结构的一阶模态为对称竖向振动,二阶模态为反对称竖向振动。除此之外,结构前一百阶的自振频率最小为0.98 Hz,最大为3.52 Hz,仅相差2.54 Hz。说明矩形平面投影气膜结构自振频率低,刚度较小,在风荷载作用下可能产生较大的变形和振动。因此,在设计阶段对结构进行风振动力评估是十分有必要的。
本节对非线性动力时程分析方法进行了验证,基于对响应时程数据的统计分析,得到了结构在不同参数下的平均变形及响应极值的分布和变化规律。
为了验证风振响应分析方法的正确性,对f/B=1/3的气膜结构进行气弹模型试验。气弹模型的尺寸和形状同刚性测压模型一致,流场均为B类地貌,风速为10 m/s。膜材采用厚0.14 mm的PVC膜,面密度为180 g/m2,弹性模量为16 MPa。拉索为直径1 mm的钢丝绳,弹性模量为150 GPa。
沿长轴和短轴中心的外轮廓线分别等间距选取82和43个测点,将气膜模型沿x轴、y轴和z轴的位移分别求平均值并除以跨度进行无量纲处理,然后对结构的变形进行放大(放大系数ϕ=3),得到结构平均变形轮廓图。x轴为沿长度方向的对称轴,y轴为沿跨度方向的对称轴,z轴为竖轴。图7对比了气弹模型试验和风振响应分析的结构平均变形轮廓,可以看出,气弹模型试验与数值分析的整体变形结果吻合较好,说明本文采用的风振响应分析方法正确。此外,也反映出了在致密斜向交叉索网的作用下,结构的流固耦合现象不明显。
由于0°,45°和90°风向角下的平均变形规律类似,本文主要以0°风向角为例进行说明。
图89分别为结构yz平面和xz平面的平均变形轮廓图。从图89中可以看出:1)在风荷载作用下,结构迎风面及背风面向内凹陷、顶部和两侧向外凸出;2)结构的平均变形随风速、矢跨比及跨度的增大而增大;3)增大结构内压可以有效改善结构迎风面和背风面的变形,但是对结构顶部变形影响不大。
(1)最不利位置
f/B=1/3,B=90 m,P=400 Pa的结构为例,分析了矩形平面投影气膜结构在15 m/s风速下的响应极值分布规律。图10为结构典型风向角下极值时刻的位移分布云图;极值时刻的应力分布云图如图11所示。从图1011中可以看出:1)在0°和45°风向角下,位移极值出现在结构顶部,90°风向角时则出现在结构的迎风面;2)随着风向角的变化,位移的数值变化幅度较大,0°风向角时位移极值最大,90°风向角时最小;3)0°风向角时,膜应力呈对称分布,极值出现在结构柱面与两侧短边曲面的连接处,45°风向角时极值则出现在结构顶部,90°风向角时极值出现在柱面与迎风侧短边曲面的连接处;4)应力极值在45°风向角时最大,0°风向角时最小。
(2)各参数对响应极值的影响
为了研究各参数对结构响应极值的影响,位移和应力分别选择长边迎风(0°)和斜风向(45°)工况时进行分析,风速取为15 m/s。分析测点的选择如图12所示。
P=400 Pa的结构为例,图13给出了矩形平面投影气膜结构的位移极值随跨度和矢跨比的变化曲线。从图13中可以看出:1)矢跨比相同时,跨度90 m结构的位移极值是跨度60 m结构的1.1~1.2倍,跨度120 m结构的位移极值是跨度90 m结构的1.2~1.4倍;2)跨度相同时,矢跨比2/5结构的位移极值是矢跨比1/3结构的1.1~1.2倍,矢跨比1/2结构的位移极值是矢跨比2/5结构的1.4~1.5倍;3)当矢跨比为1/3和2/5时,结构的位移极值出现在顶部位置,当矢跨比为1/2时,随着跨度的增大,结构的位移极值点由顶部向迎风面移动。
图14为膜应力极值随跨度和矢跨比的变化曲线。由图14可知:1)矢跨比相同时,跨度90 m结构的应力极值为跨度60 m结构的1.1~1.3倍,跨度120 m结构的应力极值是跨度90 m结构的1.1~1.4倍;2)跨度相同时,矢跨比2/5结构的应力极值是矢跨比1/3结构的1.1~1.2倍,矢跨比1/2结构的应力极值是矢跨比2/5结构的1.3~1.7倍。
f/B=1/3的结构为例,图1516分别给出了位移极值和膜应力极值随内压的变化曲线。从图1516中可以看出:1)增大内压可以有效降低气膜结构迎风面的位移,对结构顶部的位移也有限制,但作用不明显;2)随着内压的增大,对结构位移极值的降低效果也逐渐减小,在400 Pa时这种降低效果最好;3)增大内压会使膜面的应力增加,当通过提高内压来增强结构的抗风性能时,应注意膜材强度的检查。考虑到经济性,建议内压范围为400~500 Pa。
对于气膜这种柔性结构,其在脉动风荷载作用下的动力效应往往不可忽略。然而动力分析的过程较为复杂,设计人员很难快速确定结构的动力响应。为了简化计算,《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009―2012)16中定义了风振系数,将平均风荷载作用下的静力响应等效为脉动风荷载作用下的动力响应,等效动力响应的计算公式为:
式中  为等效动力响应;为平均风荷载作用下的静力响应;β为风振系数。
但中国现有规范中尚未具体给出矩形平面投影气膜结构的风振系数。因此,本节基于风振响应分析的结果,给出可供抗风设计参考的风振系数。考虑到在抗风设计中研究人员重点关注气膜结构的位移和内力,本文主要给出了位移风振系数、膜应力风振系数及索应力风振系数21
式中  为膜面节点i的位移风振系数;为膜面单元i的应力风振系数;为拉索单元i的应力风振系数;分别为膜面节点i的位移均值和标准差;分别为膜面单元i的应力均值和标准差;分别为拉索单元i的应力均值和标准差;为峰值因子,取为2.516
需要说明的是:本文是基于刚性模型测压试验和非线性动力时程分析得出的风振系数,不能考虑流固耦合效应的影响,因此仅适用于致密斜向交叉索网加固下的气膜结构。对于无索或纵横索网加固下的气膜结构,其在风荷载作用下的变形和振幅可能较大,此时流固耦合效应不容忽视。
f/B=1/3,B=90 m,P=400 Pa的结构为例,图17为0°风向角下结构的位移风振系数和膜应力风振系数的分布云图。从图17中可以看出:1)位移和膜应力风振系数的极值分别出现在结构的背风面和角部位置,对比图10发现,响应较大的地方风振系数较小,响应较小的地方风振系数较大;2)膜应力风振系数的数值都不大,且分布较为均匀,因此可采用整体应力风振系数来表示。
实际工程设计中,通常采用分区风振系数来对结构设计进行简化。根据结构风振系数的分布规律,将膜面分成了5个区域,如图18所示。分区风振系数由下式计算:
式中  为分区k的风振系数;为节点(单元)i的风振系数。
本文计算了矩形平面投影气膜结构在不同参数(矢跨比、跨度和内压)和典型风向角下的响应风振系数。发现跨度和内压对结构风振系数的影响很小,可忽略不计。因此,考虑到篇幅,这里不再单独给出各个跨度和内压下的风振系数,而是取不同跨度和内压下各分区风振系数的最大值作为代表值。
表4给出了典型风向角下结构不同矢跨比的分区位移风振系数。从表4中可以看出,结构的位移分区风振系数受风向角影响明显,具体表现为:1)长边迎风(0°)时,结构1区及5区的位移风振系数较大,取为1.7,2区及4区的位移风振系数对称分布,顶部3区的风振系数在1.4~1.6之间;2)斜风向(45°)时,结构各区位移风振系数较0°风向角时增大,再次说明结构风振响应较小时,结构可能出现较大的风振系数;3)短边迎风(90°)时,结构迎风面2区及背风面4区位移风振系数较大,其他分区结构风振系数分布均匀且数值较小,在1.2~1.5之间。
图17(b)可以看出,膜应力风振系数的分布较为均匀。为简化计算,将95%保证率的数据作为结构的整体应力风振系数20。则不同矢跨比下膜应力风振系数βSm和索应力风振系数βSc的取值如表5所示。
本文通过刚性模型风洞测压试验及风振响应分析,得到了矩形平面投影气膜结构的风荷载及风振响应规律,并在此基础上计算了可供设计参考的风振系数,主要结论如下:
(1)除了迎风面受较大的正压作用以及背风面受较小的正压作用外,结构其余区域均受负压作用。风向角对结构负压的分布与数值有着明显的影响,在斜风向时所受负压作用较大。
(2)结构在风荷载作用下迎风面和背风面凹陷、顶部和两侧外凸。位移极值位于结构的迎风面或顶部,长边迎风时位移极值最大;膜应力极值位于结构柱面与两侧不规则曲面的连接处或顶部位置,斜风向下应力极值最大。
(3)结构响应与跨度和矢跨比呈正相关,对于大矢跨比、大跨度结构,应注意位移极值点由顶部向迎风面的变化。提高内压可有效改善结构迎风面的变形,但要注意膜材强度的检查,建议内压在400~500 Pa之间。
(4)位移风振系数在迎风面和背风面较大,各分区的位移风振系数相差较大,在1.2~1.7之间;膜应力风振系数和索应力风振系数分布较为均匀且变化不大,在1.1~1.3之间。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878129)
  • 吉林省科技厅重点研发计划项目(20210203165SF)
  • 哈尔滨工业大学结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HITCE202004)
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2024年第37卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.004
  • 接收时间:2022-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-12
  • 修回日期:2022-12-10
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878129)
吉林省科技厅重点研发计划项目(20210203165SF)
哈尔滨工业大学结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HITCE202004)
作者信息
    1东北电力大学建筑工程学院, 吉林 吉林 132012
    2东北电力大学吉林省电力基础设施安全评估与灾害防治重点实验室, 吉林 吉林 132012
    3中国电力工程顾问集团东北电力设计院有限公司, 吉林 长春 130021
    4哈尔滨工业大学结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
    5交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院, 天津 300456

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魏 超(1998—),男,硕士研究生。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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