Article(id=1228634262509908535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1663862400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-23, revisedDate=1668528000000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770858835102, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770858835102, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770858835102, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770858835102, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228634261138374834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='7', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770858834775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770859016311, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228635022622654928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228634261138374834, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1191, endPage=1199, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228634262753178169, articleId=1228634262509908535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Vibration performance analysis of magnetic coupling array piezoelectric energy harvester, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vibration energy harvesting technology is expected to solve the problem of self-powered wireless sensor nodes. By introducing nonlinear magnetic force,a magnetic coupling array piezoelectric energy harvester (MA-PEH) is designed in this paper. The nonlinear magnetic force model is established based on magnetic dipole method. The restoring force model of composite beam is obtained by finite element method. According to Newton’s second law and Kirchhoff’s law,the dynamic model of the system is established. The influence of excitation amplitude and excitation frequency on dynamic response is analyzed by simulation and verified by experiment. The results show that under the action of nonlinear magnetic force,the system appears chaos and periodic motion between wells near the resonant frequency,which can help to broaden the working frequency band of the energy harvester. As the excitation frequency changes,each composite beam always maintains the same motion state. When the system is in a periodic motion state between wells,only one type of beam is in a high-energy output state. When the excitation frequency is near the resonant frequency of the two beams,increasing the excitation amplitude will lead to the boosting of the output of one type of beam,while the output of the other type of beam will be suppressed. The research provides theoretical guidance for the design of array piezoelectric energy harvesters and new research ideas for improving the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters.

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振动能量收集技术有望解决无线传感节点自供电的难题。通过引入非线性磁力,本文设计了一种磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器(MA-PEH)。基于磁偶极子法建立非线性磁力模型,利用有限元方法获取组合梁的恢复力模型,根据牛顿第二定律及基尔霍夫定律建立系统的动力学模型。仿真分析了激励幅值、激励频率对动力学响应的影响规律,并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:在非线性磁力作用下,系统在谐振频率附近出现混沌和阱间周期运动,这将有利于拓宽俘能器的工作频带;随着激励频率改变,各组合梁始终保持相同的运动状态,当系统处于阱间周期运动状态时,只存在一种类型的组合梁处于高能输出状态。当激励频率分别处于两个组合梁的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,将导致一种类型的组合梁输出被提升,而另一种类型的组合梁输出被抑制。

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张旭辉(1972—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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Structural and material parameters of MA-PEH

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名称参数数值
基底梁40
8
0.3
0.2
10
ρs8300
压电层(PVDF)40
8
0.11
ρp1780
磁铁10×10×5
4.5×105
), ArticleFig(id=1228634287973528095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228634262509908535, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器结构和材料参数

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名称参数数值
基底梁40
8
0.3
0.2
10
ρs8300
压电层(PVDF)40
8
0.11
ρp1780
磁铁10×10×5
4.5×105
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磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器振动特性研究
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张旭辉 1, 2 , 朱福林 1 , 潘家楠 1 , 陈孝玉 1 , 郭岩 1 , 许恒涛 1 , 田浩 1
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(7): 1191-1199
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(7): 1191-1199
磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器振动特性研究
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张旭辉1, 2 , 朱福林1, 潘家楠1, 陈孝玉1, 郭岩1, 许恒涛1, 田浩1
作者信息
  • 1西安科技大学机械工程学院, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 2陕西省矿山机电装备智能监测重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 张旭辉(1972—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

Vibration performance analysis of magnetic coupling array piezoelectric energy harvester
Xu-hui ZHANG1, 2 , Fu-lin ZHU1, Jia-nan PAN1, Xiao-yu CHEN1, Yan GUO1, Heng-tao XU1, Hao TIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Mine Electromechanical Equipment Intelligent Monitoring, Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.011
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振动能量收集技术有望解决无线传感节点自供电的难题。通过引入非线性磁力,本文设计了一种磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器(MA-PEH)。基于磁偶极子法建立非线性磁力模型,利用有限元方法获取组合梁的恢复力模型,根据牛顿第二定律及基尔霍夫定律建立系统的动力学模型。仿真分析了激励幅值、激励频率对动力学响应的影响规律,并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:在非线性磁力作用下,系统在谐振频率附近出现混沌和阱间周期运动,这将有利于拓宽俘能器的工作频带;随着激励频率改变,各组合梁始终保持相同的运动状态,当系统处于阱间周期运动状态时,只存在一种类型的组合梁处于高能输出状态。当激励频率分别处于两个组合梁的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,将导致一种类型的组合梁输出被提升,而另一种类型的组合梁输出被抑制。

压电俘能器  /  非线性  /  动力学响应  /  磁力耦合  /  阵列

Vibration energy harvesting technology is expected to solve the problem of self-powered wireless sensor nodes. By introducing nonlinear magnetic force,a magnetic coupling array piezoelectric energy harvester (MA-PEH) is designed in this paper. The nonlinear magnetic force model is established based on magnetic dipole method. The restoring force model of composite beam is obtained by finite element method. According to Newton’s second law and Kirchhoff’s law,the dynamic model of the system is established. The influence of excitation amplitude and excitation frequency on dynamic response is analyzed by simulation and verified by experiment. The results show that under the action of nonlinear magnetic force,the system appears chaos and periodic motion between wells near the resonant frequency,which can help to broaden the working frequency band of the energy harvester. As the excitation frequency changes,each composite beam always maintains the same motion state. When the system is in a periodic motion state between wells,only one type of beam is in a high-energy output state. When the excitation frequency is near the resonant frequency of the two beams,increasing the excitation amplitude will lead to the boosting of the output of one type of beam,while the output of the other type of beam will be suppressed. The research provides theoretical guidance for the design of array piezoelectric energy harvesters and new research ideas for improving the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters.

piezoelectric energy harvester  /  nonlinearity  /  dynamic response  /  magnetic coupling  /  array
张旭辉, 朱福林, 潘家楠, 陈孝玉, 郭岩, 许恒涛, 田浩. 磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器振动特性研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1191 -1199 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.011
Xu-hui ZHANG, Fu-lin ZHU, Jia-nan PAN, Xiao-yu CHEN, Yan GUO, Heng-tao XU, Hao TIAN. Vibration performance analysis of magnetic coupling array piezoelectric energy harvester[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (7) : 1191 -1199 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.011
近年来,随着微电子器件的迅速发展,无线传感器在各行各业取得了广泛的应用1-3。目前,大多数无线传感器采用化学电池供电,虽然它在一定程度上可以满足无线传感器的功耗需求,但是对于一些长期工作的分散式、嵌入式元件而言,更换电池将会极大地增加成本。除此之外,使用化学电池也会造成环境污染等问题。利用振动能量收集技术,将环境中的振动能量转化成电能为无线传感器供电,有望解决无线传感器自供电的难题4-5。压电式振动能量收集装置因其结构简单、易于集成等优点而被广泛应用。
环境中的振动能量分布在较宽的频带范围内,而传统的线性压电俘能器只有在发生共振时才会有较大的输出,因而能量收集效率低下。为克服这个局限,谢涛等6将谐振频率不同的悬臂梁阵列排布来扩大俘能器的工作带宽,然而这种方式会使俘能器整体结构过大,除此之外,其单一悬臂梁的工作频带仍然很窄。为提升压电俘能器的能量收集效率,科研人员通过引入非线性因素,拓宽俘能器的工作频带并展开相关研究7-8。Xie等9提出了一种T型压电俘能器,建立其动力学模型,研究表明:该压电俘能器在第一共振频率时出现硬化非线性响应,使得工作带宽变宽。Zhou等10设计了一种由弹簧连接的压电俘能器,通过仿真和实验研究验证非线性系统在能量收集性能方面的提升。当悬臂梁个数为2和3时,该非线性系统的输出功率分别达到了对应线性系统的268.8%和339.8%。
在各种非线性拓频的方法中,由于磁力的引入,压电俘能器具有响应快、结构简单等优点而被广泛应用11-12。Zhou 13设计了一种改进的三稳态压电俘能器,通过调整末端磁铁的倾角有效拓宽了压电俘能器的工作频带。Chen等14设计了一种拱形-线形双稳态压电俘能器(BPEH-C),建立了其动力学模型,仿真和实验结果表明:当激励幅值为8 和12 时,BPEH-C的有效工作带宽分别是无磁力状态下的4.5倍和4.2倍。Li等15设计了一种改进的双稳态压电俘能器(ABEH),建立其理论分析模型,研究结果表明:相比于双稳态压电俘能器,ABEH具有更宽的工作频带。Yao等16设计了一种L型双稳态压电俘能器,研究结果表明:通过引入尖端质量和非线性磁力,可以有效提高俘能器的最大输出电压并拓宽工作带宽。
上述多稳态压电俘能器的基本结构均采用一种特定的布局方式:在悬臂梁自由端安装磁铁,利用框架放置外部固定磁铁,并与前者保持相斥或相吸磁力关系,形成稳态。然而这种设计需要复杂的框架固定悬臂梁和磁铁,导致结构的不紧凑,且不利于非线性压电俘能器的应用。除此之外,就单个悬臂梁而言,其能量收集效率是有限的。针对环境中振动激励具有多方向的特点,前期本文作者研制了一种线形-拱形组合梁实现多方向振动能量的收集1114。本文在此基础上,设计一种磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器,建立其动力学模型,并利用MATLAB中的ode45函数对模型进行数值求解,重点探讨了激励幅值、激励频率对动力学响应的影响规律,并通过实验验证了仿真的正确性。
图1所示为磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器结构模型图。从图中可以看出,系统主要由线形-拱形组合梁、磁铁、压电材料PVDF、基座组成。PVDF均匀粘贴在线形-拱形组合梁表面,组合梁的自由端各安装一个磁铁,磁铁的尺寸、磁化强度相同,质量均为mt,磁铁间的距离为d。各组合梁沿y轴方向的距离均为L1,宽度为b1,拱形部分的半径和弦长分别为r和2r。组合梁1,3的厚度相同均为hs1,组合梁2的厚度为hs2。粘贴在各组合梁上的PVDF尺寸均相同,长度为L2,宽度为b2,厚度为hp。当系统受到沿z方向的激励时,各组合梁均会产生振动并变形,粘贴在上面的PVDF也会随之变形,由于正压电效应,PVDF将机械形变转化为电能输出。
为建立系统的动力学模型,首先需要获取各组合梁的恢复力模型。本文设计的磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器中,组合梁1,3的尺寸完全相同,因此它们的恢复力相同,即Fr1=Fr3。而组合梁2的厚度与组合梁1,3不同,因此恢复力存在差异。由于组合梁中存在拱形结构,导致其恢复力具有非线性,通过理论分析建立其恢复力模型比较复杂。因此,本文利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件分别获取其非线性恢复力模型。如图2所示是利用参数化建模方法构建的组合梁有限元分析结构模型。
在组合梁根部施加固定约束,并在组合梁的自由端施加载荷,通过牛顿非线性分析方法可得到各组合梁的恢复力-位移数据,利用Origin软件对仿真数据进行曲线拟合,如图3所示,可分别得到组合梁1和组合梁2的恢复力-位移表达式:
式中  X1X2分别代表组合梁1和组合梁2沿z方向的振动位移。
为建立磁铁间的磁力模型,本文采用磁偶极子法对磁铁间非线性磁力进行建模分析。忽略磁铁偏转角度,组合梁末端磁铁的几何关系如图4所示。图中X1X2X3分别表示磁铁A,B和C的位移;rBArBC分别是磁铁B到磁铁A和磁铁C的方向向量。
根据磁偶极子理论,磁铁A,B间的势能可表示为:
式中  为真空磁导率;为向量梯度算子;为L-2范数,欧几里得距离;分别是磁铁A,B,C的磁偶极距
同理,磁铁C,B间的势能可表示为:
其中:
式中  分别代表磁铁A,B,C的磁化强度;分别代表磁铁A,B,C的体积。。
将式(5)~(9)代入式(3)和(4),可得:
由于各组合梁自由端磁铁的磁化强度、尺寸均相同,且磁极安装方向一致,因此磁铁A,C所受到的磁力大小、方向相同,即Fm1=Fm3。磁铁B所受到的磁力为磁铁A,C之和,且方向相反,即Fm2=-2Fm1=-2Fm3。通过对式(10),(11)求导,磁铁A,B的磁力大小可分别表示为:
本文设计的磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器主要用于低频环境能量收集,故只考虑一阶振动模态。因此,可将系统简化为如图5所示的质量-弹簧-阻尼的集中参数模型。
根据牛顿第二运动定律及基尔霍夫定律,系统的机电耦合动力学模型为:
其中:
式中  Mi为模态质量;Cp为压电元件电容;为压电常数;为机电耦合系数;e31为介电系数;为机械振型向量的空间导数;V1V2V3分别为组合梁1,组合梁2和组合梁3的电压输出值;C1C2C3R1R2R3分别为组合梁1,2,3的等效阻尼和其梁上PVDF的负载电阻;ρsρp分别为基体梁密度和压电材料PVDF的密度;为基座的振动加速度;A激励幅值;f为激励频率。
由于组合梁1和组合梁3具有相同的几何尺寸,且末端磁铁所受到的磁力大小、方向相同,因此组合梁1和组合梁3的动力学方程组完全相同,它们的动力响应也相同。因此,在接下来的分析中,主要对组合梁1和组合梁2这两种不同类型的组合梁进行研究。
系统的总势能可表示为:
表1给出了磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器主要的结构和材料参数。
图6描述了不同磁铁间距下系统的总势能。通过改变磁铁间距,可以改变磁铁间的相互作用力,进而对系统的总势能产生影响。当磁铁间距d=30 mm时,磁铁间的磁力可以忽略,系统的总势能仅由各组合梁的恢复力提供,令式(19)中U1=U2=0,可得到系统在无磁力状态下的总势能,由图6(a)可知,此时系统势能图的底部是一个明显的半圆形状。减小磁铁间距至d=22 mm,此时系统势能图的底部相比于无磁力状态时变得平坦,系统表现为单稳态;当磁铁间距减小至d=18 mm时,系统势能出现了两个明显的势能阱和一个势能垒,系统表现为双稳态;继续减小磁铁间距至d=14 mm时,系统的势能阱变得更深,阱间距离也增大,系统表现为强双稳态。
图7描述了当磁铁间距d=18 mm时,系统势能曲线形状随着组合梁1位移的变化。当X1=0时,系统势能表现为两个势阱和一个势垒,这与传统的单自由度双稳态系统势能曲线类似,不同点在于系统势能曲线呈现出不对称,左边势阱略高于右边势阱,这主要是由于组合梁自身恢复力的不对称导致的;随着X1的增加,系统势能曲线的双势阱和势垒逐渐消失,其势能曲线形状与单自由度单稳态系统势能曲线类似。
根据势能分析可知,合适的磁铁间距可以使系统处于双稳态且具有较低的势垒,而外界激励条件对双稳态压电俘能器动力学特性具有重要的影响。因此,接下来主要针对外界激励参数对双稳态系统响应特性的影响规律展开研究。利用MATLAB中的ode45函数对动力学方程进行数值求解,可以得到不同激励条件下系统的响应。
在俘能器中,系统的有效输出功率与均方根电压的平方成正比,因此,通常用均方根电压来反映俘能器的输出性能。均方根电压的计算公式为:
式中  n为采样点个数;Vi为离散电压输出值。
图8为无磁力状态下,激励幅值时,压电俘能器随着激励频率变化的均方根电压。从图中可以看出,组合梁1和组合梁2的谐振频率分别为22.2和15.4 Hz,对应的均方根电压分别是34和33.7 V。此外,随着激励频率的增加,均方根电压曲线向右弯曲,呈现出硬特性,这主要由于各组合梁中拱形结构的存在,使得组合梁具有非线性恢复力。
的情况下,探究激励频率f对系统输出及动力学响应的影响规律。图9(a),(b)分别是组合梁1和组合梁2以激励频率为分岔参数的分岔图。由图可知,两个组合梁随着激励频率的变化展现出丰富的动力学响应。图9(c),(d)分别是组合梁1和组合梁2随着激励频率变化的均方根电压,可以看出,两个组合梁的频带宽度及均方根电压峰值相比于无磁力状态时是增加的。图10f取10,12,16,21,26 Hz时,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图。
f=9~11.7 Hz时,由分岔图可知,此时两个组合梁处于周期运动状态。从图9(c),(d)可以看出,当f=11.5 Hz时,组合梁1出现了一个电压峰值,但是两个组合梁在该频带范围内均方根电压较低。图10(a)f=10 Hz时,两个组合梁的相图。由图可知,此时两个组合梁的动能较小,均无法越过双稳态势垒,只能在势阱中振荡,处于阱内周期运动状态。增大f至11.7~15.3 Hz时,由分岔图可知,此时两个组合梁仍处于周期运动状态,结合图9(c),(d)可得,此时组合梁1的输出均方根电压很小,而组合梁2的输出均方根电压高。图10(b)f=12 Hz情况下,两个组合梁的相图。可以看出,此时两个组合梁均实现阱间运动,但组合梁1的位移仅为2 mm,且响应速度较慢,而组合梁2的位移达到了近45 mm,且响应速度快于组合梁1。继续增大f至15.3~20.6 Hz,此时压电俘能器的状态发生改变,由分岔图可知,此时两个组合梁由周期运动状态转变为混沌运动状态,从图9(c),(d)可以看出,两个组合梁的输出均方根电压出现波动,这是由于在此频带范围内,组合梁1和组合梁2同时存在阱内和阱间运动,导致输出均方根电压不稳定。图10(c)f=16 Hz情况下,两个组合梁的相图。当f处于20.6~22 Hz时,由分岔图可知,此时两个组合梁处于周期运动状态,由图9(c),(d)可以看出,组合梁1保持较高的输出均方根电压,而组合梁2的输出均方根电压较低。图10(d)f=21 Hz时,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图。由图可知,此时两个组合梁均实现阱间运动,但是组合梁1的响应位移和速度远大于组合梁2。当激励频率f>22.3 Hz时,由分岔图可知,此时两个组合梁均处于周期运动状态,结合图9(c),(d)可知,此时两个组合梁的输出均方根均电压较低。图10(e)f=26 Hz时,两个组合梁的相图。可以看出,此时两个组合梁位移较小,均处于阱内周期运动状态。
结合上述分析可知,在非线性磁力作用下,系统表现出混沌和阱间周期运动,这对拓宽压电俘能器系统的工作频带是有帮助的。当f处于11.7~15.3 Hz及20.6~22 Hz范围内,系统高能输出,其频带宽度为5 Hz。随着f的改变,两个组合梁的运动状态始终保持一致。特别地,当两个组合梁表现为阱间周期运动状态时,仅有一个组合梁处于高能输出状态,而另一个组合梁输出较低。
由上述分析可知,当激励频率f在两个组合梁的谐振频率附近时,系统总存在高能输出。为探究系统高能输出与激励幅值的关系,分别选取f为14.5,21.5 Hz,A为8~18 图11(a),(b)分别为f=14.5 Hz及f=21.5 Hz情况下,两个组合梁随着A变化的均方根电压。图12A取不同值时,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图。
图11(a)可知,当f=14.5 Hz,处于8~14.7 时,两个组合梁的输出均方根电压均较低。图12(a)情况下,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图,可以看出,两个组合梁均处于阱内运动状态。这主要是由于激励幅值较低,压电俘能器获得的动能较小,无法越过系统势垒。当时,两个组合梁的输出均方根电压出现了非常大的差别,组合梁2的输出均方根电压显著提升,而组合梁1的输出均方根电压进一步降低。图12(b)情况下,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图,可以看出,两个组合梁均实现阱间运动,但是组合梁2的响应位移和速度远大于组合梁1。
图11(b)可知,当f=21.5 Hz,A处于8~9.4时,两个组合梁的输出均方根电压接近。图12(c)时,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图,此时两个组合梁均处于混沌运动状态。增大至9.4~18,此时两个组合梁的输出均方根电压与f=14.5 Hz时相似,也出现很大的差别,不同的是:此时组合梁1处于高能输出状态,而组合梁2的输出均方根电压随着的增加而减小。图12(d)情况下,组合梁1和组合梁2的相图,可以看出,此时两个组合梁均实现阱间运动,但是组合梁1的响应位移和速度远大于组合梁2。
结合上述分析可知:当激励频率在组合梁1的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,有利于组合梁1实现高能输出,但是抑制了组合梁2的输出。然而,当激励频率在组合梁2的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,有利于组合梁2实现高能输出,但是抑制了组合梁1的输出。
为验证仿真结果的准确性,搭建实验测试平台进行验证。测试平台如图13所示,其主要由计算机、振动控制器、功率放大器、振动台、激光测振仪、激光控制器、振动信号采集仪、示波器、压电俘能器组成。在实验中,通过在计算机上设定正弦信号参数并由振动控制器发出信号,经功率放大器放大后作用在振动台上,振动台按照预设的正弦信号振动。利用激光测振仪实时测量悬臂梁的末端响应速度,并使用振动信号采集仪获取速度数据。利用示波器采集压电俘能器的输出电压。
根据表1的参数制作磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器实验样机,组合梁采用铍铜材料。根据需求尺寸裁剪PVDF,然后利用聚酰亚胺胶带封装,再通过环氧树脂将封装后的PVDF胶粘在组合梁表面,磁铁通过胶水粘贴在组合梁末端。如图14所示为样机结构图。
图15展示了不同激励频率下系统在时的实验测试结果。由图15(a)可知,当激励频率f=12 Hz,两个组合梁均处于阱间周期运动状态,但组合梁2的振动位移达到了35 mm,而组合梁1的振动位移仅为3 mm。在该激励条件下,组合梁2的输出均方根电压为28.2 V,而组合梁1的输出均方根电压较小,为2.2 V。增大激励频率至f=21 Hz,由图15(b)可知,两个组合梁仍处于阱间周期运动状态,但两个组合梁的输出响应发生改变,此时组合梁1的振动位移增大至28 mm,而组合梁2的振动位移仅为3.5 mm。在此激励条件下,组合梁1的输出均方根电压达到了28.5 V,而组合梁2的输出均方根电压为3.8 V。
图16展示了不同激励幅值下系统在f=14.5 Hz时的实验结果。由图16(a)可知,当激励幅值时,组合梁1和组合梁2的振动位移较小,分别为7和4.5 mm,输出均方根电压分别为3.2和4.3 V。表明在较低的激励幅值下,两个组合梁均无法越过双稳态势垒,只能在势阱中振荡,处于阱内周期运动状态。由图16(b)可知,当激励幅值增大至时,两个组合梁由阱内周期运动状态转变为阱间周期运动状态,组合梁2的振动位移获得了大幅的提升,达到了39 mm,输出均方根电压为34.8 V,而组合梁1的振动位移较小,仅为3.5 mm左右,输出均方根电压为2.5 V。
图17为不同激励幅值条件下压电俘能器在f=21.5 Hz时的实验结果。由图17(a)可知,当激励幅值A=,此时组合梁1和组合梁2均处于混沌运动状态,输出均方根电压分别为8.1和14.8 V。增大激励幅值至,系统获得的动能进一步增大,由图17(b)可知,此时组合梁1和组合梁2均实现阱间周期运动,但是组合梁1的振动位移达到了31 mm,输出均方根电压为31.4 V,而组合梁2的振动位移为9 mm,输出均方根电压为5.2 V。
上述实验结果定性地验证了理论模型和数值仿真的正确性,但是存在偏差,其主要原因为:由于仿真分析中未考虑重力的影响,但实际振动过程中,组合梁的拱形部分会存在拉伸变形,这将导致输出电压值高于仿真值。此外,由于组合梁在振动过程中产生较大的位移,为尽可能测得组合梁的位移和速度,实验中激光测振仪测量的是拱形中间的位置,因此,实验测量的位移和速度与仿真相比是偏小的。
本文设计了一种磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器,首先建立其机电耦合动力学模型,然后采用龙格-库塔算法对动力学模型进行数值求解,仿真分析了激励幅值、激励频率对系统响应的影响规律。最后,通过实验验证了分析结果的准确性。主要结论如下:
(1) 本文设计的磁力耦合阵列式压电俘能器由两种不同频率的梁组合而成,通过改变磁铁间距,可使系统实现双稳态。这为多个谐振频率组合的阵列式多稳态压电俘能器的设计提供了研究思路。
(2) 当激励幅值时,系统的工作带宽相比于无磁力状态下显著增加,其阱间周期运动的频带宽度为5 Hz。除此之外,系统存在混沌运动,这拓宽了俘能器的带宽。
(3) 随着激励频率的改变,各组合梁均可实现周期、混沌运动,且运动状态总是一致的。特别地,当压电俘能器处于阱间周期运动状态时,一种类型的组合梁处于高能输出状态,另一种类型的组合梁处于低能输出状态。
(4) 当激励频率在组合梁1的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,对提升组合梁1的输出是有益的,但是抑制了组合梁2的输出;相反,当激励频率在组合梁2的谐振频率附近时,增大激励幅值,对提升组合梁2的输出是有益的,但是抑制了组织梁1的输出。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974228)
  • 陕煤联合基金资助项目(2021JLM-03)
  • 陕西省创新人才计划项目(2018TD-032)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018ZDCXL-GY-06-04)
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2024年第37卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.07.011
  • 接收时间:2022-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-23
  • 修回日期:2022-11-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974228)
陕煤联合基金资助项目(2021JLM-03)
陕西省创新人才计划项目(2018TD-032)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018ZDCXL-GY-06-04)
作者信息
    1西安科技大学机械工程学院, 陕西 西安 710054
    2陕西省矿山机电装备智能监测重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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