Article(id=1228295925286765359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694966400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-18, revisedDate=1698854400000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778169223, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778169223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778169223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778169223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295917908980268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778167464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949125482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=645, endPage=652, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295926469559106, articleId=1228295925286765359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Nonlinear dynamics of a bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The nonlinear dynamics of the bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator(TENG)system is modelled by considering the time-varying meshing stiffness,time-varying support stiffness,transmission error,tooth side clearance and bearing clearance. The ode45 function is used to solve the vibration differential equations of system,and the time-varying meshing force diagram,time-frequency diagram,phase diagram,FFT spectrum diagram,Poincaré diagram,bifurcation diagram and three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the system are obtained,to explore the effect of the excitation frequency of the external load on the system dynamics characteristics. In addition,friction nano-generation technology is combined to obtain the output performance of TENG under different parameters,and to investigate the mechanism of the influence of external load excitation frequency and average engagement stiffness on the energy harvesting of the system. The results show that the bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator mechanical transmission system has obvious nonlinear characteristics,and reasonable selection of the external load excitation frequency and meshing stiffness to avoid the control of unstable intervals can improve the mechanical energy conversion efficiency and increase the power generation capacity of TENG.

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考虑时变啮合刚度、时变支撑刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙和轴承间隙,建立双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)系统非线性动力学模型。采用龙格-库塔法求解系统振动微分方程,得到系统的时变啮合力图、时频图、相图、FFT频谱图、庞加莱截面图、分岔图和三维频谱图,探究外部负载激励频率对系统动力学特性的影响。结合摩擦纳米发电技术,获取不同参数下TENG的输出性能,研究外部载荷激励频率和啮合刚度对系统能量收集的影响机理。结果表明:双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机机械传动系统具有明显的非线性特性,合理选择外部负载激励频率和啮合刚度,避免不稳定区间的控制,可以提高机械能转换效率,增加发电量。

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莫帅(1987-),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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articleId=1228295925286765359, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Friction nanogenerator parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
电极宽度w/m0.1
电极长度l/m0.05
表面电荷密度σ/(μC·m-2)20
电极间隙g/cm1
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961547170374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295925286765359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

摩擦纳米发电机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
电极宽度w/m0.1
电极长度l/m0.05
表面电荷密度σ/(μC·m-2)20
电极间隙g/cm1
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961668805195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295925286765359, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Gear parameters for bidirectional rack and pinion drive friction nanogenerator systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
齿轮模数齿数
I120
0.5100
0.5140
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961794634319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295925286765359, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统齿轮参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
齿轮模数齿数
I120
0.5100
0.5140
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961912074837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295925286765359, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Bidirectional rack and pinion drive friction nanogenerator system parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统参数数值/(108 N·m-1)系统参数数值/(104 N·s·m-1)
Kb05.83Cbo1.1
Kb16.02Cb11.3
Kb26.6Cb21.5
Kb37Cb31.55
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双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统参数数值/(108 N·m-1)系统参数数值/(104 N·s·m-1)
Kb05.83Cbo1.1
Kb16.02Cb11.3
Kb26.6Cb21.5
Kb37Cb31.55
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双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机非线性动力学
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莫帅 1, 2 , 王震 1, 2 , 刘文斌 1, 2 , 张伟 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(3): 645-652
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(3): 645-652
双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机非线性动力学
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莫帅1, 2 , 王震1, 2, 刘文斌1, 2, 张伟1
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
  • 2.广西大学机械工程学院,广西 南宁 530004

通讯作者:

莫帅(1987-),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Nonlinear dynamics of a bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator
Shuai MO1, 2 , Zhen WANG1, 2, Wenbin LIU1, 2, Wei ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
  • 2.School of Mechanical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.022
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考虑时变啮合刚度、时变支撑刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙和轴承间隙,建立双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)系统非线性动力学模型。采用龙格-库塔法求解系统振动微分方程,得到系统的时变啮合力图、时频图、相图、FFT频谱图、庞加莱截面图、分岔图和三维频谱图,探究外部负载激励频率对系统动力学特性的影响。结合摩擦纳米发电技术,获取不同参数下TENG的输出性能,研究外部载荷激励频率和啮合刚度对系统能量收集的影响机理。结果表明:双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机机械传动系统具有明显的非线性特性,合理选择外部负载激励频率和啮合刚度,避免不稳定区间的控制,可以提高机械能转换效率,增加发电量。

非线性动力学  /  摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)  /  输出性能  /  能量收集

The nonlinear dynamics of the bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator(TENG)system is modelled by considering the time-varying meshing stiffness,time-varying support stiffness,transmission error,tooth side clearance and bearing clearance. The ode45 function is used to solve the vibration differential equations of system,and the time-varying meshing force diagram,time-frequency diagram,phase diagram,FFT spectrum diagram,Poincaré diagram,bifurcation diagram and three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the system are obtained,to explore the effect of the excitation frequency of the external load on the system dynamics characteristics. In addition,friction nano-generation technology is combined to obtain the output performance of TENG under different parameters,and to investigate the mechanism of the influence of external load excitation frequency and average engagement stiffness on the energy harvesting of the system. The results show that the bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator mechanical transmission system has obvious nonlinear characteristics,and reasonable selection of the external load excitation frequency and meshing stiffness to avoid the control of unstable intervals can improve the mechanical energy conversion efficiency and increase the power generation capacity of TENG.

nonlinear dynamics  /  friction nanogenerator(TENG)  /  output performance  /  energy harvesting
莫帅, 王震, 刘文斌, 张伟. 双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机非线性动力学. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (3) : 645 -652 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.022
Shuai MO, Zhen WANG, Wenbin LIU, Wei ZHANG. Nonlinear dynamics of a bidirectional gear-driven friction nanogenerator[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (3) : 645 -652 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.022
随着摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)的发明,摩擦起电成为环境能源收集的主流技术之一。摩擦纳米发电机具有质量轻、体积小、结构简单等特点,尤其在低频机械能收集方面有优异的输出特性,在微纳能源、自驱动传感和蓝色能源等领域应用广泛。
自TENG发明以来,文献[1-3]不断丰富和扩展摩擦纳米发电机理论模型,探究了其在机械能、风能和波浪能收集方面的影响机理;SUN等[4]发明了一种固液界面摩擦-电磁复合发电机,拓宽了可收获能的幅值与频率;HAN等[5]提出了一种自供电、自感知轴承摩擦纳米发电机(TRBB),分析了轴承设计参数对TRBB灵敏度的影响;LIN等[6]提出了一种摆锤型摩擦纳米发电机,并验证了其倍频输出、灵敏度高等特点;HE等[7]将TENG与风力涡轮机结合提出了超低摩擦阻力风速传感器,拓展了自供电技术在灾害领域的应用前景。
TENG技术的应用与机械传动系统密不可分,因此机械传动系统的非线性动力学表现对TENG的能量采集具有重要影响。莫帅等[8-9]综合考虑裂纹、故障、磨损等因素,构建齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型,探究了齿轮传动系统非线性全局行为的演化与考虑时滞反馈后系统主共振特性;YANG等[10]将微电机与TENG集成为摩擦点微电机,探究了不同结构参数下系统的性能;韩勤锴等[11]对摆式摩擦纳米发电机非线性机电耦合建模,探究摆式摩擦纳米发电机系统输出性能的影响机理。
已有文献中关于摩擦纳米发电机系统非线性动力学的研究鲜见报道,本文以双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统为研究对象,综合考虑时变啮合刚度、时变支撑刚度、齿侧间隙与轴承游隙等因素,构建系统非线性动力学模型。根据动力学模型建立振动方程,将无量纲化振动方程通过龙格-库塔法求解,计算获取内外部激励下系统分岔图、三维频谱图、时域图、相图与庞加莱截面,并结合摩擦纳米发电技术,探究外部负载激励频率和啮合刚度对系统机械能采集的影响机理。
双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统结构如图1所示。它由压盘、齿条、齿轮、飞轮和摩擦材料组成。
依据文献[12],基于势能法计算齿轮齿条副时变啮合刚度:
式中,k为齿轮齿条副时变啮合刚度;F为啮合力;Ua1Ub1Uf1Us1分别为齿条的径向压缩势能、弯曲势能、齿基变形势能和赫兹势能;Ua2Ub2Uf2Us2分别为齿轮的径向压缩势能、弯曲势能、齿基变形势能和剪切势能;Uh为齿轮赫兹势能。
直齿轮在传动过程中处于单双齿交替啮合状态,啮合刚度存在时变性,可通过标准GB/T 3480.1—2019[13]计算:
式中,Kt)为直齿轮副时变啮合刚度;Km为平均啮合刚度;φ0为初始相位角;ωm为啮合频率;εα为重合系数;Kc为单对齿轮的啮合刚度。
轴承力为轴承滚动体与内外圈接触力合力,其分力由Hertz接触理论可得:
式中,指数n=2/3;Zb为滚动体数;θt为滚动体转角;Kb为轴承支撑刚度;γt为接触角;δ为滚动体变形量;其中Heaviside函数Hδ)取值为:
双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统动力学模型考虑以下18个自由度:
式中,θc0θc1θc2θc3分别为齿条、齿轮Ⅰ、齿轮Ⅱ和齿轮Ⅲ的振动角位移;xc0yc0xc1yc1xc2yc2xc3yc3xb0yb0xb1yb1xb2yb2xb3yb3分别为齿条、齿轮Ⅰ、齿轮Ⅱ、齿轮Ⅲ、轴承I、轴承Ⅱ和轴承Ⅲ沿坐标轴xy方向的振动位移。
齿轮在加工与安装过程中存在误差,产生误差激励。齿轮在啮合过程中,综合啮合误差et)可表示为随啮合频率ωm变化的简谐函数:
式中,ea为综合误差常量;eb为综合误差波动幅值;φ0为综合误差初始相位角。
齿轮齿条副、直齿轮副啮合力分力FmxFmy可通过啮合线上等效振动位移xn与齿侧间隙非线性函数fxn)表示为:
式中,K为时变啮合刚度,包括齿轮齿条副时变啮合刚度k和直齿轮副时变啮合刚度Kt);xn1xn2分别为齿轮齿条副、直齿轮副等效振动位移;rc0rc1rc2rc3分别为齿条、齿轮Ⅰ、齿轮Ⅱ和齿轮Ⅲ的分度圆半径;αn为压力角;e1t)为齿轮齿条副综合啮合误差;e2t)为直齿轮副综合啮合误差;fxn)为齿侧间隙非线性函数;Cm为啮合阻尼。
由系统结构可知,本模型为水平滑动式TENG。由摩擦发电技术可得摩擦纳米发电机的输出性能:
式中,x为摩擦材料间距;v为飞轮转速;Isc为短路电流;Uoc为开路电压;η为机械能转化率;Ein为输入的机械能,其余参数含义及取值如表1所示。
图2为双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统非线性动力学模型。其中,mb0~mb3为各轴承的集中质量;mc0~mc3为齿条、齿轮Ⅰ、齿轮Ⅱ和齿轮Ⅲ的集中质量;Kb0~Kb3为相应轴的弯曲刚度,Cb0~Cb3为相应轴的弯曲阻尼;Kt01Ct01bt01分别为齿轮齿条副的时变啮合刚度、时变啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙的一半;Tin为输入转矩;Kc23Cc23bc23分别是直齿轮副的时变啮合刚度、时变啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙的一半。
建立双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统振动微分方程,对方程进行无量纲化,得:
式中,;等效支撑刚度;等效啮合力 ;等效支撑阻尼ζa = Ca/(2meωn);ζd = Cd/(2meωn);等效质量系数fb = g/(bmωn),me为等效质量;等效综合啮合误差fc = d2e(τ)/(dτ2·bm);等效齿隙非线性函数i=b0,b1,b2,b3,c01,c23;a= b0,b1,b2,b3;b= g1,g2,g3;c=e1,e2;d=t01,c23)。
本部分采用龙格-库塔法求解无量纲化后的系统动力学微分方程。系统无量纲后基准参数:ζt01=0.03,ζc23=0.12,以时变啮合力图、时频图、相图、FFT频谱图、庞加莱截面图、分岔图和三维频谱图为表征方式,研究外部负载激励频率ωe变化时双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统的非线性动态特性。
以无量纲外载荷激励频率ωe=ωmn为变量,采用龙格-库塔法求解系统动力学微分方程,得到齿轮齿条副振动位移xn1随外载荷激励频率ωe变化的分岔图与三维频谱,如图3所示。
图3所示,当0.2<ωe<0.58时,齿条副动力学特性为单周期运动,系统处于稳定状态;当0.58<ωe<1.33时,齿条副动力学特性为混沌运动,系统处于不稳定状态;当ωe>1.33时,齿条副动力学特性由混沌运动逐渐退化为多周期运动,系统逐渐趋于稳定;当ωe>1.6后,齿条副动力学特性为单周期运动,系统处于稳定状态。
为进一步验证外载荷激励频率ωe对系统动态特性的影响,取激励频率ωe=0.5、0.15和1,齿条副动态响应如图4所示。
图4可知,当ωe=0.5时,齿条副的时变啮合力稳定变化,时频稳定变化,相图为单个封闭圆,频域信号稳定,庞加莱截面图为一个点,齿条副动力学特性为单周期运动,系统处于稳定状态;当ωe=0.15时,齿条副的时变啮合力规律变化,时频呈现周期变化,相图为多个相互缠绕的封闭圆,频域信号稳定,庞加莱截面图为两点,齿条副动力学特性为准周期运动,系统趋于稳定的运动状态(2周期);当ωe=1,齿条副的时变啮合力无规律变化,时频也无规律变化,相图中轨迹出现大量偏移,频域信号出现离散现象,庞加莱截面图为无规律分布的点集,齿条副动力学特性为混沌运动状态,系统处于不稳定状态。
以无量纲外部载荷激励频率ωe为变量,采用龙格-库塔法求解直齿轮副动力学微分方程,得到直齿轮副振动位移xn2随外部载荷激励频率ωe的分岔图和三维频谱,如图5所示。
图5所示,当0.2< ωe<0.65和0.68< ωe<0.72时,直齿轮副动力学特性为混沌运动,系统处于不稳定状态;当0.65<ωe<0.68时,直齿轮副动力学特性为临界点单周期运动,系统处于稳定状态;ωe>0.72并继续增大时,直齿轮副动力学特性由混沌运动逐渐退化为多周期运动,系统逐渐趋于稳定。因此,随着无量纲外部载荷激励频率ωe的增大,系统动力学特性为混沌运动与多周期运动交替出现,并最终趋于稳定状态。
为了进一步验证外部载荷激励频率对系统动态特性的影响,图6ωe=0.5和0.7时直齿轮副啮合位移两种运动状态下的动态响应。
图6所示,当ωe=0.5时,直齿轮副的动态啮合力无规律变化,时频也无规律变化,相图为多个相互缠绕的不闭合轨迹,频域信号出现离散现象,庞加莱截面图为无规则分布的点集,直齿轮副动力学特性为混沌运动,系统处于不稳定状态;当ωe=0.7时,直齿轮副的动啮合力周期性变化,时频规律变化,相图为多个相互缠绕的封闭圆,频域信号稳定,庞加莱截面图为5个同样大小且周期性分布的点集,直齿轮副动力学特性为多周期运动(5周期),系统处于稳定状态。
从摩擦纳米发电技术出发,结合系统的动态特性,研究外部负载激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km对系统能量收集的影响机理。
当外部负载激励频率ωe变化时,根据接触式TENG的基本方程(8)~(11)可以推导出输入速率在[1,100]变化时系统在不同激励频率下的输出性能,如图7所示。
图7所示,系统产生的开路电压的大小并不随激励频率ωe的增加而变化,但电压的增长率增加;系统产生的短路电流的大小随激励频率ωe的增加先增加后减少,电流的变化率随ωe的增加而增加。
当激励频率ωe=0.2和其他初始参数不变,啮合刚度Km在[5×105,5×106]变化时,根据接触式TENG的基本方程(8)~(11),可以得出系统在不同啮合刚度Km下的输出性能,如图8所示。
图8所示,随着啮合刚度Km的增大,系统产生的开路电压大小不变,电压增长率增大,且电压大小不受激励频率范围变化的影响;系统产生的短路电流随着啮合刚度的增大呈现先增后减周期性变化且峰值增大,短路电流变化率随着啮合刚度的增大而增大。
在其他初始参数保持不变的情况下,根据接触式TENG的基本方程(8)~(11),可以得出系统在不同激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km下的输出性能,如图9所示。
图9可以看出,系统的机械能转换效率η随外部负载激励频率ωe的增加而降低;系统的机械能转换效率η随啮合刚度Km的增加而降低。
在其他初始参数保持不变的情况下,系统在激振频率激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km耦合下的输出性能可由接触式TENG的基本方程(8)~(11)得出,如图10所示。
图10所示,随外部负载激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km的增大,系统开路电压保持不变,短路电流增大,系统的发电量与功率增加,系统的机械能转换效率η降低,系统的发电量与机械能转换效率η主要受外部负载激励频率ωe影响。
本文通过考虑时变啮合刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙和轴承间隙等因素,建立了双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机系统非线性动力学模型,并以分岔图、三维频谱图、时变啮合力图、时域图、相图、频域图和Poincaré图表征系统动态特性。此外,结合摩擦纳米发电技术分析了双向齿条传动摩擦纳米发电机输出性能,并通过数值分析方法研究了外部负载激励频率ωe与啮合刚度Km对系统能量收集的影响,得出以下结论:
(1)仿真结果表明,双向齿轮传动摩擦纳米发电机系统具有丰富的非线性现象,随着外部负载激励频率的变化,系统将经历三种不同的运动状态:周期运动、准周期运动和混沌运动。不合适的激励频率会破坏系统的稳定性,使其进入混沌状态。合适的激励频率会使系统从混沌运动跃迁到周期运动。这为研究激励频率对双向齿轮驱动摩擦纳米发电机能量采集的影响机理提供了理论支持。
(2)外部负载激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km均为系统的能量收集的影响因素,且以外部负载激励频率ωe为主。系统的功率与发电量随外部负载激励频率ωe和啮合刚度Km的增加而增加,但系统的机械能转换效率η反而降低。因此,摩擦纳米发电机在设计时可通过合理控制平均啮合刚度和外部负载输入率来控制机械能转换率,有效提高发电量。
  • 广西科技重大专项资助项目(桂科AA23073019)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52265004)
  • 直升机传动技术国防科技重点实验室开放课题(HTL-0-21G07)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.022
  • 接收时间:2023-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18
  • 修回日期:2023-11-02
基金
广西科技重大专项资助项目(桂科AA23073019)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52265004)
直升机传动技术国防科技重点实验室开放课题(HTL-0-21G07)
作者信息
    1.广西大学省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
    2.广西大学机械工程学院,广西 南宁 530004

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莫帅(1987-),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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