Article(id=1228295923411907219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688400000000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-04, revisedDate=1695052800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778168776, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778168776, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778168776, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778168776, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295917908980268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778167464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949125482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=550, endPage=557, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295923718091421, articleId=1228295923411907219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Analytical research on dynamic amplification factor of multi-degree-of-freedom system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the dynamic impact response analysis of the structure,the dynamic amplification factor(DAF)is usually used to simplify the calculation of the dynamic response of the structure. However,the size of DAF in engineering structures is still controversial. In order to solve this problem,the analytical expression of DAF of multi-degree-of-freedom system(MDOF)is derived in this paper,and the precondition of DAF greater than 2.0 is analyzed. The accuracy of the analytical expression is verified by the single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)and MDOF example models,and the reason why the DAF of the MDOF is greater than 2.0 is explained. Finally,based on the DAF analytical method proposed in this paper,the DAF distribution law of beam string under cable breaking impact is analyzed. The analysis results show that when the contribution of a first-order modal shape is opposite to the static response,the DAF of the beam string may be greater than 2.0. Even for the damping system,the DAF of the beam string may be greater than 2.0.

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在结构动力冲击响应分析中,通常采用动力放大系数(DAF)简化计算结构的动力响应。但是,目前工程结构中对DAF的取值还存在争议。针对此问题,本文推导了多自由度(MDOF)体系的DAF解析表达式,分析了DAF大于2.0的前提条件;分别通过单自由度(SDOF)体系和MDOF体系算例模型验证了解析表达式的准确性,解释了MDOF体系的DAF大于2.0的原因。基于所提出的DAF解析表达式分析了张弦梁剩余结构在断索冲击作用下的DAF分布规律。分析结果表明:当某一阶模态振型的分量与静力响应值反向时,张弦梁的DAF可能会大于2.0;即使在有阻尼情况下,张弦梁的DAF也可能会大于2.0。

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赖志超(1986─),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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张超(1985─),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:

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张超(1985─),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=42BTF9QfNLRyQuyD1vVaZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228312956769857933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Calculation results comparison of model 1

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求解方法ust/mmud/mmDAF
AM-4.609.202.0
NM-4.609.202.0
), ArticleFig(id=1228312956916658581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型1计算结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
求解方法ust/mmud/mmDAF
AM-4.609.202.0
NM-4.609.202.0
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957034099100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation results comparison of different nodes in model 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号求解方法ust/mmun,d/mm un,d/mmDAF
u1,du2,du3,d
D2AM-2.30-4.860.000.06-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
D3AM-4.60-8.890.00-0.31-9.202.0
NM-4.60-9.202.0
D4AM-2.30-4.860.000.06-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957172511142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型2中不同节点的计算结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号求解方法ust/mmun,d/mm un,d/mmDAF
u1,du2,du3,d
D2AM-2.30-4.860.000.06-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
D3AM-4.60-8.890.00-0.31-9.202.0
NM-4.60-9.202.0
D4AM-2.30-4.860.000.06-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957273174446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation results comparison of different nodes in model 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号求解方法ust/mmun,d/mm un,d/mmDAF
u1,du2,du3,d
D2AM-2.00-2.66-1.01-0.32-4.002.0
NM-2.00-4.002.0
D3AM-2.30-4.840.000.04-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
D4AM-1.00-2.660.03-0.27-2.902.6
NM
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957474501046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模型3中不同节点的计算结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号求解方法ust/mmun,d/mm un,d/mmDAF
u1,du2,du3,d
D2AM-2.00-2.66-1.01-0.32-4.002.0
NM-2.00-4.002.0
D3AM-2.30-4.840.000.04-4.802.1
NM-2.30-4.802.1
D4AM-1.00-2.660.03-0.27-2.902.6
NM
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957575164345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Dynamic analysis results of residual structure of string beam model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号位移/mm1st Mode2nd Mode3rd Mode4th Mode5th Modeun/mmDAF
D4un,st-13.69-4.12-0.360.310.09-17.77
un,d-27.36-7.98-0.660.170.08-35.752.1
un,d(ζ)-25.92-5.51-0.370.310.09-31.401.8
D7.un,st-32.03-3.50-0.01-0.16-0.03-35.72
un,d-64.02-6.05-0.39-0.37-0.06-70.892.0
un,d(ζ)-60.64-4.38-0.02-0.32-0.03-65.391.8
D10un,st-32.023.500.150.32-0.03-28.08
un,d-64.020.310.020.10-0.02-63.612.3
un,d(ζ)-60.644.150.160.32-0.03-56.042.0
D13un,st-13.694.12-0.36-0.310.09-10.15
un,d-27.360.23-0.27-0.510.05-27.862.8
un,d(ζ)-25.924.13-0.36-0.310.09-22.372.2
), ArticleFig(id=1228312957705187779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295923411907219, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

张弦梁剩余结构模型的动力分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号位移/mm1st Mode2nd Mode3rd Mode4th Mode5th Modeun/mmDAF
D4un,st-13.69-4.12-0.360.310.09-17.77
un,d-27.36-7.98-0.660.170.08-35.752.1
un,d(ζ)-25.92-5.51-0.370.310.09-31.401.8
D7.un,st-32.03-3.50-0.01-0.16-0.03-35.72
un,d-64.02-6.05-0.39-0.37-0.06-70.892.0
un,d(ζ)-60.64-4.38-0.02-0.32-0.03-65.391.8
D10un,st-32.023.500.150.32-0.03-28.08
un,d-64.020.310.020.10-0.02-63.612.3
un,d(ζ)-60.644.150.160.32-0.03-56.042.0
D13un,st-13.694.12-0.36-0.310.09-10.15
un,d-27.360.23-0.27-0.510.05-27.862.8
un,d(ζ)-25.924.13-0.36-0.310.09-22.372.2
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多自由度体系的动力放大系数解析研究
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张超 , 周桢干 , 赖志超 , 付馨迪 , 杨晓强
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(3): 550-557
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(3): 550-557
多自由度体系的动力放大系数解析研究
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张超 , 周桢干, 赖志超 , 付馨迪, 杨晓强
作者信息
  • 福州大学土木工程学院,福建 福州 350108
  • 张超(1985─),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:

通讯作者:

赖志超(1986─),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Analytical research on dynamic amplification factor of multi-degree-of-freedom system
Chao ZHANG , Zhengan ZHOU, Zhichao LAI , Xindi FU, Xiaoqiang YANG
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.011
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在结构动力冲击响应分析中,通常采用动力放大系数(DAF)简化计算结构的动力响应。但是,目前工程结构中对DAF的取值还存在争议。针对此问题,本文推导了多自由度(MDOF)体系的DAF解析表达式,分析了DAF大于2.0的前提条件;分别通过单自由度(SDOF)体系和MDOF体系算例模型验证了解析表达式的准确性,解释了MDOF体系的DAF大于2.0的原因。基于所提出的DAF解析表达式分析了张弦梁剩余结构在断索冲击作用下的DAF分布规律。分析结果表明:当某一阶模态振型的分量与静力响应值反向时,张弦梁的DAF可能会大于2.0;即使在有阻尼情况下,张弦梁的DAF也可能会大于2.0。

多自由度体系  /  张弦梁  /  动力放大系数  /  断索冲击

In the dynamic impact response analysis of the structure,the dynamic amplification factor(DAF)is usually used to simplify the calculation of the dynamic response of the structure. However,the size of DAF in engineering structures is still controversial. In order to solve this problem,the analytical expression of DAF of multi-degree-of-freedom system(MDOF)is derived in this paper,and the precondition of DAF greater than 2.0 is analyzed. The accuracy of the analytical expression is verified by the single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)and MDOF example models,and the reason why the DAF of the MDOF is greater than 2.0 is explained. Finally,based on the DAF analytical method proposed in this paper,the DAF distribution law of beam string under cable breaking impact is analyzed. The analysis results show that when the contribution of a first-order modal shape is opposite to the static response,the DAF of the beam string may be greater than 2.0. Even for the damping system,the DAF of the beam string may be greater than 2.0.

multi-degree-of-freedom system  /  string beam  /  dynamic amplification factor  /  cable breakage shock
张超, 周桢干, 赖志超, 付馨迪, 杨晓强. 多自由度体系的动力放大系数解析研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (3) : 550 -557 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.011
Chao ZHANG, Zhengan ZHOU, Zhichao LAI, Xindi FU, Xiaoqiang YANG. Analytical research on dynamic amplification factor of multi-degree-of-freedom system[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (3) : 550 -557 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.011
在索支撑结构体系中,拉索是最重要的受力构件之一[1-2]。服役过程中,拉索可能会发生断裂,瞬间产生显著的冲击作用,引起结构体系的动力响应[3]。目前,一般采用动力时程分析方法分析断索冲击下的结构动力响应[4-5]。但是,动力时程分析方法操作复杂,计算量大,所以实际工程中更多地采用荷载动力放大系数(dynamic amplification factor,DAF)将荷载放大后进行静力分析[6]。因此,DAF的取值大小对于结构响应分析非常关键。各国的行业规范对DAF的取值有相关规定:美国总务管理局(General Services Administration,GSA)[7]和国防部(Department of Defense,DOD)[8]分别颁布的结构抗连续倒塌的设计规程均建议DAF取为2.0;中国《建筑结构抗倒塌设计标准》(T/CECS 392—2021)[9]也规定,采用线性静力方法计算时,结构的DAF取为2.0;欧盟规范[10]则建议,在瞬时荷载作用下,结构的DAF取为1.5。
在实际工程研究中,学者们开展的构件瞬间失效作用下的结构动力响应分析结果表明:不同类型结构的动力放大系数取值范围变化非常大,有些响应的动力放大系数甚至会远大于2.0。AOKI等[11-12]研究了不同构件的失效时间和结构阻尼比等因素对斜拉桥断索冲击的动力响应的影响,结果表明GSA建议的DAF取值(2.0)偏大。MOZOS等[13-14]进行了斜拉索断索冲击作用下主梁和桥塔的动力响应分析,研究表明,即使考虑阻尼影响,主梁各位置的平均DAF也超过了2.0;对于斜拉桥的桥塔,DAF极值甚至达到了22.2,GSA规定的DAF取为2.0不能保证断索冲击作用下斜拉桥的安全。胡晓斌等[15]研究了平面框架连续倒塌的动力放大效应,得出结构的DAF大小与结构的需求能力比RDCRDC定义为剩余结构上的竖向分布荷载与剩余结构极限竖向分布荷载的比值)有关,并随着RDC的增大而增大,所以规范规定的DAF取为2.0有可能偏小。ZHANG等[16-18]研究了多自由度(MDOF)结构体系在阶跃荷载作用下的动力响应,结果表明,MDOF体系中非荷载加载点的DAF有可能超过2.0。以上研究基本是从数值分析的角度出发,得到了不同结构形式以及不同参数影响下结构DAF大于2.0或小于2.0的结果,但未能从理论层面解释原因。
目前,已有一些学者从理论解析方面开展了结构DAF取值的初步探索工作。文献[19-20]分别研究了基于应力比值法和初始条件法的张弦结构的DAF变化规律。田黎敏等[21]通过理论研究揭示了大跨单层空间网格结构线弹性阶段和弹塑性阶段的动力放大原理,给出了此类结构的DAF设计建议值。文献[22]通过求解微分方程,推导了斜拉索断索情况下DAF的近似函数,阐述了斜拉索断索冲击下DAF的变化规律。RUIZ-TERAN等[23]研究了斜拉桥断索引起的DAF变化规律,证明了断索冲击作用下斜拉桥的DAF有可能大于2.0。可见,已有研究在一定程度上揭示了相应结构体系的DAF的变化或分布规律。
为研究MDOF体系在动力冲击作用下的放大效应,本文拟从动力学方程出发,推导MDOF体系的DAF的解析表达式;结合解析方程和算例结果阐释MDOF体系的DAF分布规律;采用本文所提出的解析表达式分析张弦梁瞬时失效作用下的结构动力放大系数的响应规律。
结构动力学中关于动力放大系数DAF的定义为[24]:动力荷载pt)作用下得到的动力位移幅值ud与静力荷载p作用下的静力位移ust的比值。DAF的表达式如下:
对于无阻尼(ζ=0)体系,阶跃荷载pt)=P0作用下单自由度(SDOF)体系的微分方程为:
式中,m为质量;k为刚度。
可以求得位移ut):
式中,ω为体系的固有振动圆频率;T为体系的固有周期。
SDOF体系在荷载P0作用下的静力位移ust为:
于是,计算得到SDOF体系的动力放大系数DAF表达式为:
由式(5)可知,当t=T/2时,动力放大系数DAF达到最大值2.0。
对于N个自由度的结构体系,结构的运动微分方程为:
式中,mck分别表示MDOF体系的N阶质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵;p(t)表示外力向量。
将位移向量u(t)按振型向量形式展开,得到:
式中,un表示第n阶振型的位移向量;ϕn表示第n阶振型向量;yn为标量乘子,又为振型幅值;Y为振型坐标向量;Φ为振型矩阵。
当阻尼采用瑞利阻尼形式,且假定为比例阻尼时,通过主坐标变换,可得第n阶振型的运动微分方程为:
其中,
n阶振型贡献的动力响应unt)为:
式中,ynt)为第n阶模态的振型幅值;yn,stt)为第n阶模态对应的静力振型分量;DAFnt)为第n阶模态振型对应的DAFun,st为第n阶振型贡献的静力位移。
于是,基于振型线性叠加原理,MDOF体系的位移向量ut)可以由各阶振型响应叠加求得:
因此,MDOF体系的DAF计算式为:
由SDOF体系的DAF取值规律可知,第n阶振型的放大系数DAFn的取值范围为[0,2]。若t=t1DAF1t)达到最大值2.0,式(11)可以写成:
由式(12)可知,当时,DAF≤2.0;相反,当时,DAF则会大于2.0。由于2.0-DAFnt1)项不小于0,所以DAF大于2.0的前提条件是un,st/ust<0。
为了进一步说明问题,本节以2自由度体系(N=2)为例进一步阐释。对于2自由度体系,式(12)可简化为:
由于2.0-DAF1t1)总是不小于0,所以,当u2,st/ust<0时(第2阶模态对应的振型分量与静力位移的比值),DAFt1)则会大于2.0。即DAFt1)>2.0的前提条件是u2,st/ust<0。因此,对于MDOF体系而言,当存在模态振型分量与体系静力响应值反向时,MDOF体系的DAF将可能大于 2.0。即“模态振型分量与体系静力响应值反向”是“DAF大于 2.0”的必要条件。
需要说明的是,本节公式推导仅针对无阻尼体系,由于阻尼作用会对结构动力响应有不同程度的抑制作用,因而阻尼体系的DAF会相应减小。
基于上节推导的计算公式,本节结合SDOF体系和MDOF体系的简支梁算例,进一步阐释MDOF体系中动力放大系数的影响机理。本节首先采用上节推导的MDOF体系动力放大系数计算公式进行解析求解,后文称为AM法(analytical method)。其次,为验证解析法的计算结果,同时与数值法(numerical method,NM)计算结果进行比较(数值法结果采用直接积分法进行动力时程分析得到)。
本节算例中简支梁的长度L=4 m,弹性模量E=200 GPa,梁截面面积A=1.232×10-3 m2,惯性矩I=1.481×10-6 m4,屈服强度fy=235 MPa,泊松比υ=0.3。阶跃荷载pt)的作用方向为竖直向下,当t=0 s时,pt)=0 kN,当t=0.001 s时,pt)=4 kN。简支梁的SDOF和MDOF的简化模型如图1所示。图1(a)为SDOF体系(模型1),集中质量m=0.3 kg布置在梁的跨中位置,荷载pt)施加在跨中。图1(b)和(c)均为MDOF体系,l为每跨的长度。梁的质量分别集中在1/4跨、跨中和3/4跨节点上,每个节点的质量为0.1 kg。模型2中的荷载pt)竖直向下施加跨中节点位置;模型3的荷载pt)竖直向下施加在1/4跨节点位置。
模型1为SDOF体系,只存在单阶模态,如图2所示。其最终动力位移幅值ud也完全由该模态振型贡献。
将模型信息代入式(3)和(4),计算得到静力位移ust、动力位移幅值ud以及动力放大系数DAF,如表1所示。
表1可知,模型1采用解析法计算的最大动力响应值为9.20 mm,与数值法的计算结果一致,验证了解析法计算公式的准确性。另外,模型1的DAF值为2.0,与理论值完全吻合[25]
模型2有3个自由度,模型2的3阶模态振型及自振频率如图3所示。
模型2的动力响应采用所有3阶振型贡献叠加计算得到。将相关信息代入式(6)~(11)进行计算,得到模型2在阶跃荷载pt)作用下(不考虑自重)的计算结果,如表2所示。表2中,ust表示静力位移,un,d表示第n阶模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值。
表2可知,对于节点D2、D3和D4,解析法计算得到的3阶模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值之和分别为-4.80、-9.20和-4.80 mm,与数值法计算得到的动力位移值一致。
另外,表2中节点D2的动力响应结果表明,第3阶模态提供的动力位移u3,d(0.06 mm)与静力位移ust(-2.30 mm)存在响应反向的现象,即u3,d/ust<0。根据1.2节的理论分析,节点D2的DAF会大于2.0。此现象与表2中计算结果DAF=2.1是一致的。同时,D3节点的动力响应与DAF结果也符合1.2节的理论分析。可见,计算结果均与理论推导的结论相符合,验证了理论推导的正确性。
表3列出了模型3在阶跃荷载pt)作用下(不考虑自重)的计算结果。
表3可知,对于节点D2、D3和D4,采用解析法计算得到的3阶模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值之和分别为-4.00、-4.80和-2.90 mm,与数值法计算得到的最大动力位移值一致。
张弦梁是一种由刚性上弦梁、柔性下弦拉索和中间撑杆组成的自平衡混合结构体系[25]。由于张弦体系组成简单、受力明确、结构形式多样,被广泛应用于工程建设中。本节的张弦梁基本信息如下:梁长L=15 m,分为3跨,每跨长度l=5 m;腹杆高度h=1.5 m,上弦杆截面为Φ300 mm×10 mm的圆钢管,屈服强度fy=235 MPa,弹性模量E=200 GPa,密度ρ=7850 kg/m3。拉索预张力F1=174 kN,F2=167.67 kN;撑杆预压力为50 kN,如图4所示。
拉索和撑杆均是张弦梁结构的易损构件,在长期服役过程中,拉索/撑杆可能会发生损伤甚至断裂[1]。当拉索/撑杆均失效后,原有的张弦体系的平衡条件被打破,拉索张力和撑杆压力消失,此时,拉索/撑杆失效后的张弦结构转变成由上弦梁组成的简支梁,本文称为剩余结构。拉索/撑杆失效的同时,撑杆的垂直向支撑力及下弦索的轴向预拉力也会瞬间消失,相当于在上弦杆施加了一个竖向阶跃荷载(撑杆位置),及沿在上弦杆两侧施加轴向阶跃荷载。因此,断索冲击下张弦梁可以简化为阶跃荷载作用下的简支梁模型。
本算例以撑杆1失效为例进行分析。当撑杆1失效后,原张弦梁体系失效。此时,撑杆失效后张弦梁的剩余结构可以近似看作是由上弦梁组成的简支梁结构。为了简化问题,本算例中忽略拉索失效对简支梁轴压力的影响,仅探讨剩余结构对于撑杆瞬间失效所引起的竖向阶跃荷载的响应。因此,后文把张弦梁瞬间失效过程简化为竖向阶跃荷载作用下上弦圆钢管简支梁结构的动力响应。
采用ANSYS有限元软件对张弦梁剩余结构进行建模,如图5所示。梁单元采用BEAM189模拟,单元长度为1 m,泊松比υ=0.3。在原撑杆位置处施加竖直向下且随时间快速增加的荷载pt)以模拟上弦杆的反作用力释放过程,当t=0 s时荷载为0,当t=0.001 s时荷载立刻达到最大值50 kN。
本文采用Rayleigh阻尼模型,取阻尼比ζ为0.02,质量阻尼系数为0.238,刚度阻尼系数为0.001。
对剩余结构模型进行模态分析,得到了剩余结构前10阶振型的累积模态质量参与系数Σγ,如图6所示。可以看出,前5阶振型的累积有效模态质量参与系数Σγ已达到0.98,说明前5阶模态振型对剩余结构的结构动力响应贡献非常大。所以在后文解析计算时仅考虑前5阶振型的贡献。
图7列出了剩余结构模型前5阶模态振型。可以看出,各阶振型的变形各异,当加载节点的各阶振型变形一致时,其他非加载点的各阶振型变形可能出现反向的情况。
使用解析法计算得到了考虑阻尼和不考虑阻尼影响的剩余结构各节点的变形响应及DAF。由于篇幅限制,本文仅列出节点D4、D7、D10和D13的变形响应及DAF,如表4所示。表4中,un,st表示第n阶模态的静力位移;un,dun,dζ)分别表示不考虑阻尼和考虑阻尼时第n阶模态振型所贡献的动力位移幅值;Σun表示前n阶响应之和。
表4中可以看出,对于无阻尼体系,节点D4、D10和D13对应的DAF分别为2.1、2.3和2.8,均大于2.0。这是因为节点D4、D10和D13均存在模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值与静力位移反向的现象,即un,d/ust<0。根据1.2节的推论,相应节点的DAF可能大于2.0。同理,节点D7的DAF为2.0,小于等于2.0。这是因为节点D7的所有模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值与静力位移同向,即un,d/ust>0,因此,动力放大系数DAF必然不会大于2.0。综上可见,本文所解析的MDOF体系动力放大系数分布规律可以合理地解释张弦梁剩余结构的DAF分布规律,以上算例结果也验证了1.2节所提出的“模态振型分量与体系静力响应值反向”是“DAF大于2.0”的必要条件。
对于考虑阻尼影响的张弦梁剩余结构,各节点的DAF值会较不考虑阻尼影响的结构有明显减小。其中,D4、D7、D10和D13的DAF分别减小1.8、1.8、2.0和2.2。其中,有两个现象值得注意:(1)节点D13的DAF(2.2)仍然大于2.0。此结果表明,即使考虑结构阻尼对结构振动的抑制作用,MDOF体系的动力放大效应仍可能会大于2.0;(2)节点D4、D10的DAF均小于2.0,上述两节点虽然均存在“模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值与静力位移反向的现象”,但是,由于阻尼的抑制作用,两节点的DAF值均未大于2.0。此结果表明,“模态振型贡献的动力位移幅值与静力位移反向”是“DAF大于2.0”的非充分条件。
图8展示了分别采用解析法(AM)和数值分析法(NM)计算的剩余结构模型的DAF结果(考虑阻尼作用和不考虑阻尼作用)。从图8中可以看出,不考虑阻尼的影响,张弦梁剩余结构的DAF=2.0~3.2,若考虑阻尼的影响,张弦梁剩余结构的DAF=1.8~2.4,说明考虑阻尼对张弦梁剩余结构的影响,只有部分位置的DAF大于2.0。另外可以看到,解析法和数值法计算得到各节点的DAF是基本吻合的。
此算例分析结果与已有文献针对复杂工程结构的分析结果是一致的:文献[9-10]表明,在斜拉桥拉索的断索冲击作用下,主梁和桥塔部分截面的DAF会显著大于2.0,当不考虑阻尼影响时主梁截面DAF=2.1~8.0,塔顶截面DAF=1.9~5.5;考虑阻尼影响时,主梁截面的DAF=1.9~5.5,塔顶截面DAF=1.3~3.5。同时,作为典型的MDOF体系结构,斜拉桥等缆索体系结构具有高阶振型贡献大的显著特点,本文所提出的MDOF体系的DAF解析表达式也可直接用于阐释其在冲击作用下的复杂动力响应机理,剖析其关键位置DAF大于2.0的原因。
综上,以上解析式推导和张弦梁剩余结构算例结果均说明MDOF体系的DAF大于2.0的现象是由MDOF体系中各阶振型贡献异向引起的,这也是MDOF体系与SDOF体系的动力响应的最显著区别之一。
针对动力放大系数(DAF)取值问题,本文推导了MDOF体系的DAF的解析表达式,通过算例模型进行了验证,探讨了张弦梁在断索冲击作用下的DAF分布规律。所得结论如下:
(1)推导的MDOF体系的DAF解析表达式表明,对于MDOF体系而言,若存在至少一阶模态振型分量与体系静力响应值反向,则可能出现DAF大于2.0。
(2)不考虑阻尼影响时,若张弦梁存在至少一阶模态振型贡献的响应与静力分析响应反向,则张弦梁在断索冲击作用下的DAF可能大于2.0。考虑阻尼影响时,虽然阻尼会对结构响应产生抑制作用,当存在某一阶模态振型贡献的响应与静力分析响应反向时,张弦梁断索时DAF也可能大于2.0。
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.011
  • 接收时间:2023-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-04
  • 修回日期:2023-09-19
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178464)
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    福州大学土木工程学院,福建 福州 350108

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赖志超(1986─),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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