Article(id=1228295920886936147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705852800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-22, revisedDate=1712851200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778168173, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778168173, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778168173, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778168173, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295917908980268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778167464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949125482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=579, endPage=586, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295922866647668, articleId=1228295920886936147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Research on longitudinal collapse mode of multi-span simply-supported beam bridges of high-speed railway in high intensity seismic zone, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to clarify the collapse mode of multi-span simply-supported beam bridges of high-speed railway,a 10-span high-speed railway simply-supported beam bridge in northwest China is taken as the actual engineering background. Combined with the characteristics of double block ballastless track structure on the bridge,the track-bridge integration research model is established. The collapse mode of this kind of ballastless track bridge in high intensity earthquake zone is studied by using explicit integral method and energy method. The results show that the key parts of the destruction of high-speed railway multi-span simply-supported beam bridge mainly concentrate on the track area of the bridge expansion joint,the concrete area of the support and the support contact surface,and the bottom area of the pier. The energy ratio of the 10-span high-speed railway simply-supported beam bridge collapse discrimination is 89.33%. By coupling the track plate and the groove section at the bridge expansion joint to optimize the structural system,the integrity of the track and bridge connection is improved,so that the track at the bridge expansion joint avoids becoming the key part of the destruction at the early stage of the earthquake. The collapse time of structural system is prolonged by about 45%,and the probability of the beam falling is reduced,so that the overall collapse resistance ability of the bridge is improved.

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为明确高铁多跨简支梁桥倒塌模式,以中国西北地区10跨高铁简支梁桥为实际工程背景,结合桥上双块式无砟轨道结构特点,建立轨-桥一体化计算模型。采用显式积分法与能量法研究该类无砟轨道桥梁在高烈度地震区的纵向倒塌模式。结果表明:高铁多跨简支梁桥破坏的关键部位主要集中在桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道区域、支座及支座接触面的混凝土区域、桥墩墩底区域;确定了10跨高铁简支梁桥倒塌判别的能量比值为89.33%;通过将桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道板与凹槽截面耦合连接,将结构体系进行优化,提高了轨道与桥梁连结的整体性,避免桥梁伸缩缝处轨道在地震初期成为桥梁破坏的关键部位,结构体系抗倒塌时间延长了约45%,减小了落梁概率,提高了桥梁的整体抗倒塌能力。

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梁刚毅(1995—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
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刘尊稳(1985—),男,副教授。E-mail:

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Plastic parameters of concrete

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膨胀角/(º)偏心率fb0/fc0K黏性参数
300.11.160.6670.0005
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混凝土塑性参数

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膨胀角/(º)偏心率fb0/fc0K黏性参数
300.11.160.6670.0005
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Energy ratio of structural system

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地震动能量比ξ/%能量比均值/%
Taft8989.33
El Centro91
Sanfer88
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结构体系能量比值

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Taft8989.33
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高烈度地震区高铁多跨简支梁桥纵向倒塌模式研究
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刘尊稳 1, 2 , 梁刚毅 1 , 陈兴冲 1 , 邓永杰 1 , 李欣婧 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(3): 579-586
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(3): 579-586
高烈度地震区高铁多跨简支梁桥纵向倒塌模式研究
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刘尊稳1, 2 , 梁刚毅1 , 陈兴冲1, 邓永杰1, 李欣婧1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州交通大学土木工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 2.兰州交通大学甘肃省道路桥梁与地下工程重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 刘尊稳(1985—),男,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

梁刚毅(1995—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
Research on longitudinal collapse mode of multi-span simply-supported beam bridges of high-speed railway in high intensity seismic zone
Zunwen LIU1, 2 , Gangyi LIANG1 , Xingchong CHEN1, Yongjie DENG1, Xinjing LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Road & Bridge and Underground Engineering of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014
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为明确高铁多跨简支梁桥倒塌模式,以中国西北地区10跨高铁简支梁桥为实际工程背景,结合桥上双块式无砟轨道结构特点,建立轨-桥一体化计算模型。采用显式积分法与能量法研究该类无砟轨道桥梁在高烈度地震区的纵向倒塌模式。结果表明:高铁多跨简支梁桥破坏的关键部位主要集中在桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道区域、支座及支座接触面的混凝土区域、桥墩墩底区域;确定了10跨高铁简支梁桥倒塌判别的能量比值为89.33%;通过将桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道板与凹槽截面耦合连接,将结构体系进行优化,提高了轨道与桥梁连结的整体性,避免桥梁伸缩缝处轨道在地震初期成为桥梁破坏的关键部位,结构体系抗倒塌时间延长了约45%,减小了落梁概率,提高了桥梁的整体抗倒塌能力。

双块式无砟轨道简支梁桥  /  纵向倒塌模式  /  高烈度地震区  /  显式积分法  /  能量法

In order to clarify the collapse mode of multi-span simply-supported beam bridges of high-speed railway,a 10-span high-speed railway simply-supported beam bridge in northwest China is taken as the actual engineering background. Combined with the characteristics of double block ballastless track structure on the bridge,the track-bridge integration research model is established. The collapse mode of this kind of ballastless track bridge in high intensity earthquake zone is studied by using explicit integral method and energy method. The results show that the key parts of the destruction of high-speed railway multi-span simply-supported beam bridge mainly concentrate on the track area of the bridge expansion joint,the concrete area of the support and the support contact surface,and the bottom area of the pier. The energy ratio of the 10-span high-speed railway simply-supported beam bridge collapse discrimination is 89.33%. By coupling the track plate and the groove section at the bridge expansion joint to optimize the structural system,the integrity of the track and bridge connection is improved,so that the track at the bridge expansion joint avoids becoming the key part of the destruction at the early stage of the earthquake. The collapse time of structural system is prolonged by about 45%,and the probability of the beam falling is reduced,so that the overall collapse resistance ability of the bridge is improved.

double block ballastless track simply-supported beam bridge  /  longitudinal collapse mode  /  high intensity earthquake zone  /  display integration method  /  energy method
刘尊稳, 梁刚毅, 陈兴冲, 邓永杰, 李欣婧. 高烈度地震区高铁多跨简支梁桥纵向倒塌模式研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (3) : 579 -586 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014
Zunwen LIU, Gangyi LIANG, Xingchong CHEN, Yongjie DENG, Xinjing LI. Research on longitudinal collapse mode of multi-span simply-supported beam bridges of high-speed railway in high intensity seismic zone[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (3) : 579 -586 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014
目前,工程结构的倒塌问题在土木工程领域引起广泛关注,成为土木工程学科的前沿研究问题之一,由于高铁桥梁使用无砟轨道系统,高铁桥梁的破坏及倒塌问题在近些年逐渐被重视[1-4]。高铁桥梁多采用“以桥代路”的形式铺设,其中多跨简支梁结构形式尤为常见。而中国高铁以“八纵八横”规划的客运专线多处于地震危险性较高的活动断层,无砟轨道桥梁缺少大震考验,因此研究高铁桥梁的倒塌模式,贯彻“大震不倒”的抗震设计理念,确保高铁线路运营的安全性具有重要的现实意义[5-7]
国内外学者对高烈度区桥梁的倒塌开展了大量研究。DI PRISCO等[7]采用简化的线弹性和非线性有限元模型对意大利北部一座钢筋混凝土立交桥进行了安全性评估,并分析了导致结构倒塌的原因。 FERRO等[8]依托意大利皮埃蒙特地区“拉雷阿莱”高架桥,对导致高架桥其中一跨垮塌的原因展开了研究,基于桥梁荷载试验和结构规范建议的安全系数,采用两种方法对可变交通荷载的分项安全系数进行了评估。BENIN等[9]将混凝土塑性损伤模型运用于俄罗斯阿穆尔地区某高速公路桥梁倒塌的计算中,结果表明混凝土是准脆性材料,且表现出复杂的软化行为。熊文等[10]以江西一座发生严重冲刷病害的桥梁为依托,运用仿真分析法,明确判断浅基础双曲拱桥倒塌的关键指标是拱脚和桥墩接触应力,揭示了该类桥型水毁的破坏模式。贾宏宇等[11]考虑桥墩材料非线性、损伤过程大变形非线性以及梁端非线性碰撞,建立大跨度连续梁桥损伤数值模型,直观地模拟结构体系在大震下的破坏过程。郑小博等[12]以钢桁-混凝土组合连续梁桥为研究对象,采用能量法和显式积分法,对其构件重要性、破坏后剩余结构冗余度和倒塌行为开展研究,探明了该类结构各构件的重要性分布特征和结构连续倒塌机制。游四方等[13]为了模拟脉冲地震作用下简支梁桥的倒塌过程,运用有限元软件建立简支梁桥三维模型,研究人工合成地震动对简支梁桥倒塌过程和地震响应的影响,总结了地震作用下简支梁桥的倒塌模式。雷军虎等[14]建立高铁大跨连续刚构桥线桥一体化模型,采用地震易损性分析方法确定了桥梁倒塌的地震动峰值加速度。梁岩等[15]以一座高铁刚构桥为例,采用地震易损性分析方法研究桥梁的损伤状态。胡章亮等[16]通过研究高铁桥墩单独构件的损伤来评估整个高铁桥梁的损伤及破坏情况。
选取中国西北地区10 m×32 m高铁双线简支箱梁桥,顶板宽度为13.4 m,底板宽5.5 m,截面梁高为2.6 m,梁体材料为C40混凝土;桥墩高12 m,截面长6 m,宽2.5 m,材料为C35混凝土。桥墩箍筋和纵筋均采用直径为20 mm的HRB335钢筋。轨道板及底座板混凝土强度均为C60,截面尺寸分别为2.8 m×0.26 m和3.4 m×0.175 m。桥梁所在场地类型为Ⅰ类场地,多为紧密的碎石土,可忽略桩土相互作用,抗震设防烈度为9度,其罕遇地震加速度峰值为0.64g
双块式无砟轨道采用CRTS Ⅰ型和CRTS Ⅱ型两种轨道板。CRTS Ⅰ型轨道由底座及凹槽(或凸台)、隔离层、道床板、双块式轨枕、CHN60型钢轨及扣件组成。CRTS Ⅱ型轨道由保护层、底座板、隔离层、道床板、抗剪凸台、双块式轨枕、CHN60型钢轨及扣件组成。两种轨道道床板均采用纵向分块浇筑,轨枕采用通用的轨枕。梁体上设有预埋钢筋,用来与CRTS Ⅰ型轨道底座板及CRTS Ⅱ型轨道保护层相连。而道床板与底座板采用土工布隔离。凹槽及抗剪凸台四周设置有刚度较大的弹性垫板[16],轨道结构如图1所示。两种轨道施工方法不同,但在构造与受力上极为相似,故本文建立统一的双块式无砟轨道计算模型。
本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立10 m×32 m的双块式无砟轨道高铁简支梁桥轨-桥一体化计算模型,桥梁伸缩缝为0.1 m,伸缩缝上覆轨道系统,梁端支撑长度为1.2 m。支座采用减隔震支座,建模过程中忽略桩土相互作用,将桥墩墩底固结,忽略轨道扣件的纵向阻力效应,根据钢材与混凝土材料的弹性模量比,在确保刚度不变的前提下,通过调整材料容重保证总质量不变,将钢轨截面换算成混凝土截面,并将钢轨、双块式轨枕及道床板集成一个截面。换算的钢轨截面尺寸为0.176 m×0.44 m,混凝土容重为2.5 t/m3,轨道集成截面等效质量为2.1 t/m。计算模型如图2所示。
道床板与底座板之间的凹槽垫片采用非线性弹簧模拟,模拟方式为:在相应截面建立参考点并进行点面耦合,如图2(d)所示,通过调整耦合面半径大小来近似模拟凹槽(抗剪凸台)与桥梁接触面的大小,并采用连接器单元CONNECTOR连接参考点,在连接器弹性参数中输入凹槽垫片的对应刚度,塑性参数中输入双折线模型的力与位移数据,失效命令中输入弹簧失效的剪力限值。通过在轨道两端面建立参考点,并在离轨道两端一定距离处建立固结点,将固结点和参考点通过CONNECTOR单元连接,模拟后继结构对轨道的约束效应。减隔震支座亦采用弹簧连接器CONNECTOR单元。凹槽垫片、后继结构、减隔震支座的CONNECTOR单元分别有200个、4个、40个。集成轨道和底座板、梁体、桥墩采用实体单元SOILD C3D8R模拟,分别有12480个、46200个、12705个单元,在保证计算精度的同时,为了不占用大量计算空间,梁体、集成轨道、底座板单元网格大小约为0.366 m,桥墩网格大小约为0.6 m。钢筋采用桁架单元T3D2模拟,共66815个单元。
支座纵向与横向刚度为1×105 kN/m,竖向刚度取为1×109 kN/m,用双线性理想弹塑性模型模拟[17],模拟方式与凹槽垫片相同。钢筋本构模型采用双折线模型,如图3所示。图中,εy为屈服应变,E0为屈服前弹性模量,E1为屈服后弹性模量。取钢筋的屈服应力为302 MPa,极限应力为455 MPa,弹性模量为200 GPa,极限塑性应变为0.075。混凝土本构模型采用CDP模型,如图4所示。混凝土塑性参数如表1所示。后继结构和凹槽垫片刚度分别取为7.72×104和1.8×105 kN/m[18],接触采用通用接触,法向接触为“硬”接触,切向接触摩擦系数参照文献[19]取为0.15,底座板与梁体之间采用预埋钢筋固结,在模型中采用绑定命令将底座板固结于梁体上。
混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线计算公式为:
式中,σ为应力;Ec为混凝土弹性模量;ε为应变;αc为混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线下降段参数值;fc,r为混凝土单轴抗压强度代表值;εc,r为与单轴抗压强度代表值对应的混凝土峰值压应变;dc为混凝土单轴受压损伤因子。
混凝土单轴受拉应力-应变曲线计算公式为:
式中,αt为混凝土单轴受拉应力-应变曲线下降段参数值;ft,r为混凝土单轴抗拉强度代表值;εt,r为与单轴抗拉强度代表值对应的混凝土峰值拉应变;dt为混凝土单轴受拉损伤因子。
为研究结构何时破坏,以及使结构破坏的可视化更加直观,模型采用显式积分法计算,并定义桥梁各构件破坏的标准。对于实体单元,运用单元杀死技术,即单元达到破坏极限后ABAQUS可自动删去单元,使模型的破坏效果更加直观。各构件破坏限值具体定义如下:
(1)在混凝土塑性损伤数据中合理定义损伤因子和混凝土应力-应变的极限值关键字,当混凝土达到该值后可认为破坏,具体根据混凝土极限拉压应变值定义,通过混凝土塑性损伤模型公式确定混凝土破坏时的损伤因子,计算公式如式(2)和(7)所示,C35混凝土极限压应变为0.02,则受压损伤因子为0.95;极限拉应变为0.001,则受拉损伤因子为0.93。C40混凝土极限压应变为0.022,则受压损伤因子为0.95;极限拉应变为0.0011,则受拉损伤因子为0.94。C60混凝土极限压应变为0.025,则受压损伤因子为0.97;极限拉应变为0.0014,则受拉损伤因子为0.96。
(2)钢材的破坏则是在塑性破坏中定义钢材的极限拉应力,HRB335钢筋以其极限拉应力455 MPa为破坏限值。
(3)轨道是钢轨和道床板的集成,所以在定义轨道破坏时,根据两者所占集成截面的比例,调整了轨道破坏的上下限应力值和损伤因子,增大了轨道的应力-应变的上下限值,使其更接近轨道的实际破坏,计算方法同(1),其极限压应变为0.03,受压损伤因子为0.97;极限拉应变为0.004,受拉损伤因子为0.99。
(4)对于支座,最大位移限值为±100 mm,滑动支座最大剪力限值为±150 kN,固定支座最大剪力限值为±1500 kN[17],当剪切力超过弹簧支座的限值时弹簧支座失效,改由桥墩和主梁直接作用,采用接触方式模拟。
针对整个结构体系,本文基于能量法确定高铁桥梁整体倒塌判别的能量比临界值[19-21]
由能量平衡可知,外力所做功总是等于能量的增量,当结构不发生破坏时,结构在地震作用下满足方程:
式中,∆EK (t)、∆ER (t)、∆EH (t)、∆ED (t)分别为结构体系的动能增量、应变能增量、沙漏能增量及阻尼能增量;∆W (t)为外力在时间增量上所做的功。
本文计算运用单元杀死技术,当单元被删除时,单元的质量和阻尼信息亦被删除,此时结构累计外力所做功无法和剩余结构总能量相平衡,结构体系的平衡关系被打破,当结构足够多的关键构件被破坏后,结构体系将发生倒塌。因此,定义剩余结构在t时刻由地震产生的结构体系总能量Et)和该时刻外力所做功Wt)的比值为能量比ξ,当ξ小于临界值ξd时可认为结构倒塌,具体如下式所示:
高烈度区桥梁倒塌分析仅考虑一致激励的情况,依据地震动的频谱特性、有效峰值、持时分别选取地震强度为0.35g、0.10g和0.32g的El Centro,Taft及Sanfer共3条记录地震波,通过放大系数将地震动强度调至0.65g,该值通过试算得到,其地震强度大于9度区罕遇地震强度,为特大地震。包含了峰值加速度的地震动如图5所示。在刚体地面左端参考点输入纵向地震动,由刚体地面震动带动整个模型震动。
通过试算得出,模型在强度为0.65g的3条地震动下的倒塌时间均在10 s内,为了保证计算精度,同时确保不占用大量的计算空间,本文将分析步总时长设为11.1 s,模型分析步长为0.01 s。为确保模型顺利计算,前0.1 s为模型自动寻找接触对时间,重力及地震动未参与计算。而接下来的1 s是模型静力计算时间,此时重力参与计算。后10 s为包含地震加速度峰值在内的地震动前10 s,此时重力和地震动均参与计算。
本文以Taft地震动下桥梁的纵向倒塌模式为代表进行分析,计算结果如图6所示,图7为6#、9#墩滑动支座剪力时程曲线。
图6可以得出,当t=3.5 s时,桥梁伸缩缝处轨道、支座顶部梁体混凝土及桥墩底部混凝土应力值较大,2#墩墩顶梁缝处轨道发生破坏;当t=4 s时,6#墩墩底一侧混凝土脱落,钢筋外露,桥墩破坏率为1%;当t=5 s时,多个梁缝处轨道及桥墩墩底混凝土破坏,但未彻底破坏,桥墩仍然有支撑能力,其中6#、9#墩墩底混凝土分别破坏9%、11%;当t=5.5 s时,6#、9#墩墩顶滑动支座剪切力达到限值,发生失效破坏,如图7所示。同时6#、9#墩右侧墩底混凝土大面积破坏,桥墩向右开始倾倒,这时结构体系开始倒塌,其中6#、9#墩破坏率分别为21%、18%;当t=6 s时,所有桥墩墩底混凝土都发生不同程度的破坏,6#、9#墩墩顶梁端位移过大,梁端支撑长度超限,造成落梁破坏,梁体在落梁过程中梁缝间产生碰撞,并造成梁端损伤;当t=6.5 s时,桥梁各关键部件彻底破坏,桥梁使用功能丧失,桥梁倒塌。
利用ABAQUS有限元软件中自带的结构总能量和外力所做功计算模块,可得出模型计算过程中的总能量和外力所做功,如图8所示。
图8中得出在3条地震动作用下结构的总能量和外力所做功,在地震激励下,梁缝处轨道、支座、墩底区域等关键构件的单元逐渐达到应力极限而发生破坏,但部分构件的破坏并没有让结构累计所受外力功突增,而是随着构件的破坏而逐步增加,并逐渐大于结构总能量。
在对能量比取值时,必然会受到不同地震动离散性的影响,本文选取了3条地震动,对结构体系进行了动力时程分析,得出了各地震动下结构体系的能量比变化曲线,如图9所示。从图9可以得出,3条地震动能量比变化趋势相似,但因频谱特性、离散性等影响使得其存在一定的差异性。在Taft地震动下,结构在5.5 s时的能量比突然变小且小于1,再结合图6(d)可判断此时桥梁开始倒塌,此时能量比为0.89,则可知结构体系在Taft地震动下能量比的临界值为0.89。El Centro地震动下结构在4.5 s开始倒塌,其能量比临界值为0.91。Sanfer地震动下结构在6 s开始倒塌,其能量比临界值为0.88。取三者的均值可得到10跨高铁简支梁桥的能量比值为89.33%,如表2所示。
通过分析结构体系在特大地震作用下的纵向倒塌模式,探究提高高铁多跨简支梁桥抗倒塌能力的方法,本文在上述模型的基础上进行优化。即通过提高桥梁伸缩缝处轨道与道床板的连接性能,增加梁缝处轨道与梁体连接刚度,或在梁缝设置耗能装置以减轻梁缝处地震作用对轨道的影响。为了模拟以上方案,本文通过将梁伸缩缝处轨道截面与凹槽参考点进行耦合,来提高轨道与梁体连结的整体性。轨道优化示意图如图10所示。
图11为优化后的计算模型在强度为0.65g的纵向Taft地震动下的纵向倒塌模式,图12为两种模型下6#墩墩顶倒塌位移时程曲线。
t=7 s时,桥梁部分桥墩墩底出现混凝土脱落,且部分支座及支座处梁体混凝土破坏。在t=8 s时,桥梁支座及支座处混凝土破坏严重,各墩底混凝土均出现破坏,6#、7#和11#墩破坏严重,墩底混凝土完全脱落,桥墩失去支撑能力,桥梁开始倒塌,其中6#、7#、11#墩破坏率分别为18%、31%、26%。当t=8.5 s时,各墩底失去支撑能力,大部分支座失效,桥梁整体倒塌。
图11图12可以得出,优化后的计算模型提高了结构整体抗倒塌能力,使桥梁倒塌的关键部位发生改变,地震初期结构体系倒塌的关键部位不再是梁伸缩缝处轨道,而是桥墩,当桥墩墩底被压溃时,桥梁发生整体倒塌。优化后结构体系的抗倒塌时间延长了约45%。这是因为模型优化前,梁伸缩缝处轨道为地震初期桥梁倒塌的关键部位,一旦轨道破坏,由轨道约束形成的连续梁体系将转化为简支梁体系,从而使结构更易发生落梁破坏,桥墩将吸收更大的能量,加快了桥墩墩底的损伤,从而迅速倒塌,由此可见对桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道结构进行优化是合理的。
本文以中国高铁常见的多跨双块式无砟轨道简支梁桥(10 m×32 m)为研究对象,采用显式积分法和能量法对其地震下纵向倒塌模式进行研究,并对结构进行优化设计,主要得出以下结论:
(1)明确了该类桥梁的破坏关键部位主要集中在桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道、支座及支座接触面的混凝土区域、桥墩墩底区域,并且落梁破坏为主要纵向倒塌模式,边跨附近与中跨桥墩破坏最为严重,在倒塌前损伤最严重的墩破坏率达到21%。
(2)针对地震作用下高铁双块式无砟轨道简支梁体系,建议判别倒塌的能量比临界值取为89.33%。
(3)通过将桥梁伸缩缝处的轨道板与凹槽截面耦合连接,对结构体系进行优化,可避免桥梁伸缩缝处轨道在地震初期成为桥梁破坏的关键部位,结构体系抗倒塌时间延长了约45%,减小了落梁震害的概率,提高了桥梁的整体抗倒塌能力。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178142)
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(21JR1RA240)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014
  • 接收时间:2024-01-22
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22
  • 修回日期:2024-04-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178142)
甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(21JR1RA240)
作者信息
    1.兰州交通大学土木工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.兰州交通大学甘肃省道路桥梁与地下工程重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070

通讯作者:

梁刚毅(1995—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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