Article(id=1228295920874357427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684857600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-24, revisedDate=1695052800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778168171, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778168171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778168171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778168171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295917908980268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778167464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949125482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=595, endPage=603, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295922443027136, articleId=1228295920874357427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Experimental study on shaking table model of six piles with large diameter and variable section in different thickened soil layers, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of six-pile foundation with large diameter and variable section in different layers of liquefied soil,5010 waves with ground motion intensity of 0.15g,0.25g,0.35g and 0.45g are selected through indoor shaking table model test based on the solid project of Xiangan Bridge in Xiamen Second East Passage. The dynamic characteristics of saturated sand pore pressure ratio,pile acceleration,pile bending moment and pile top horizontal displacement of six pile foundations with large diameter and variable section are studied when the thicknesses of the liquefied soil layer are 30,40 and 50 cm. The results show that the acceleration and bending moment of six-pile foundation with large diameter and variable section change abruptly at the interface between variable section and soil layer under different thicknesses of saturated sand layer. Under the same soil thickness,with an increase of ground motion intensity from 0.15g to 0.45g,the pore pressure ratio of saturated sand,pile acceleration,horizontal displacement of pile top and pile bending moment all increase. Under the ground motion intensity of 0.15g,the stable value of pore pressure ratio of the six-pile foundation decreases with an increase of saturated sand layer thickness,but the horizontal displacement of pile top,pile acceleration and peak bending moment of the six-pile foundation gradually increase and increase. It is suggested that in the design of large diameter variable section pile foundation in liquefaction site,special consideration should be given to the dynamic response difference of six large diameter variable section pile foundation under different thickness of liquefied soil layer,and pay attention to the flexural performance of the interface between the variable section and soil layer,so as to ensure the seismic performance of the six pile foundation.

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为研究不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础动力响应特性,依托厦门第二东通道翔安大桥实体工程,通过室内振动台模型试验,选取地震动强度分别为0.15g、0.25g、0.35g、0.45g的5010波,开展液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时饱和砂土孔压比、大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度、桩身弯矩、桩顶水平位移的动力特性研究。结果表明:不同饱和砂土层厚度下,大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度及弯矩在变截面和土层分界面处发生突变;同一土层厚度下,随着地震动强度从0.15g增大到0.45g,饱和砂土孔压比、六桩基础的桩身加速度、桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩均增大;0.15g地震动强度下,随着饱和砂土层厚度增大,饱和砂土孔压比稳定值减小,但六桩基础的桩顶水平位移、桩身加速度及弯矩峰值均逐渐增大且增幅变大。建议在液化场地大直径变截面桩基础设计时,应特别考虑大直径变截面六桩基础在不同液化土层厚度下的动力响应差异,并注重变截面和土层分界面的抗弯性能,以保证六桩基础的抗震性能。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张聪(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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冯忠居(1965—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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冯忠居(1965—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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caption=六桩基础桩顶水平位移最大值变化规律, figureFileSmall=r929AoSJgky78OhyZMKiVQ==, figureFileBig=T9ZsLCpK+56eBM3VWEgx3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228312961052242477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295920874357427, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Technical parameters of the shaking table

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性能参数
台面尺寸5000 mm×5000 mm
振动模式正弦、随机(地震动)
频率范围0.5~50 Hz
最大模型载重30 t
最大加速度幅值满载:XY向1.0gZ向0.7g
最大速度幅值XY向:50 cm/s,Z向:40 cm/s
最大位移幅值XY向:±80 mm,Z向:±50 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961173877295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295920874357427, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

振动台技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能参数
台面尺寸5000 mm×5000 mm
振动模式正弦、随机(地震动)
频率范围0.5~50 Hz
最大模型载重30 t
最大加速度幅值满载:XY向1.0gZ向0.7g
最大速度幅值XY向:50 cm/s,Z向:40 cm/s
最大位移幅值XY向:±80 mm,Z向:±50 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961320677946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295920874357427, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Similarity constants of experimental physical quantities

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物理量量纲相似常数
加速度LT-21
重力加速度LT-21
速度LT-10.14
线尺寸L1/50
线位移L1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961442312771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295920874357427, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验物理量相似常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量量纲相似常数
加速度LT-21
重力加速度LT-21
速度LT-10.14
线尺寸L1/50
线位移L1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1228312961555558986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295920874357427, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Physical and mechanical indexes of model soil

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土类天然含水量w/%密度ρ/(g·cm-3)黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦角
φ/(°)
砂土25.51.86035
强风化花岗岩11.22.5622.543
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模型土的物理力学指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土类天然含水量w/%密度ρ/(g·cm-3)黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦角
φ/(°)
砂土25.51.86035
强风化花岗岩11.22.5622.543
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不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础振动台模型试验研究
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冯忠居 1 , 李元鹏 1 , 王伟 1 , 张聪 1 , 李宗海 2 , 赵瑞欣 1 , 王思琦 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(3): 595-603
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(3): 595-603
不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础振动台模型试验研究
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冯忠居1 , 李元鹏1, 王伟1, 张聪1 , 李宗海2, 赵瑞欣1, 王思琦1
作者信息
  • 1.长安大学公路学院,陕西 西安 710064
  • 2.厦门路桥工程投资发展有限公司,福建 厦门 361026
  • 冯忠居(1965—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张聪(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Experimental study on shaking table model of six piles with large diameter and variable section in different thickened soil layers
Zhongju FENG1 , Yuanpeng LI1, Wei WANG1, Cong ZHANG1 , Zonghai LI2, Ruixin ZHAO1, Siqi WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
  • 2.Xiamen Road and Bridge Engineering Investment and Development Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361026,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.016
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为研究不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础动力响应特性,依托厦门第二东通道翔安大桥实体工程,通过室内振动台模型试验,选取地震动强度分别为0.15g、0.25g、0.35g、0.45g的5010波,开展液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时饱和砂土孔压比、大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度、桩身弯矩、桩顶水平位移的动力特性研究。结果表明:不同饱和砂土层厚度下,大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度及弯矩在变截面和土层分界面处发生突变;同一土层厚度下,随着地震动强度从0.15g增大到0.45g,饱和砂土孔压比、六桩基础的桩身加速度、桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩均增大;0.15g地震动强度下,随着饱和砂土层厚度增大,饱和砂土孔压比稳定值减小,但六桩基础的桩顶水平位移、桩身加速度及弯矩峰值均逐渐增大且增幅变大。建议在液化场地大直径变截面桩基础设计时,应特别考虑大直径变截面六桩基础在不同液化土层厚度下的动力响应差异,并注重变截面和土层分界面的抗弯性能,以保证六桩基础的抗震性能。

桩基  /  大直径变截面六桩  /  振动台试验  /  动力响应  /  饱和砂土

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of six-pile foundation with large diameter and variable section in different layers of liquefied soil,5010 waves with ground motion intensity of 0.15g,0.25g,0.35g and 0.45g are selected through indoor shaking table model test based on the solid project of Xiangan Bridge in Xiamen Second East Passage. The dynamic characteristics of saturated sand pore pressure ratio,pile acceleration,pile bending moment and pile top horizontal displacement of six pile foundations with large diameter and variable section are studied when the thicknesses of the liquefied soil layer are 30,40 and 50 cm. The results show that the acceleration and bending moment of six-pile foundation with large diameter and variable section change abruptly at the interface between variable section and soil layer under different thicknesses of saturated sand layer. Under the same soil thickness,with an increase of ground motion intensity from 0.15g to 0.45g,the pore pressure ratio of saturated sand,pile acceleration,horizontal displacement of pile top and pile bending moment all increase. Under the ground motion intensity of 0.15g,the stable value of pore pressure ratio of the six-pile foundation decreases with an increase of saturated sand layer thickness,but the horizontal displacement of pile top,pile acceleration and peak bending moment of the six-pile foundation gradually increase and increase. It is suggested that in the design of large diameter variable section pile foundation in liquefaction site,special consideration should be given to the dynamic response difference of six large diameter variable section pile foundation under different thickness of liquefied soil layer,and pay attention to the flexural performance of the interface between the variable section and soil layer,so as to ensure the seismic performance of the six pile foundation.

pile foundation  /  six piles with large diameter and variable section  /  shaking table test  /  dynamic response  /  saturated sandy soil
冯忠居, 李元鹏, 王伟, 张聪, 李宗海, 赵瑞欣, 王思琦. 不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础振动台模型试验研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (3) : 595 -603 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.016
Zhongju FENG, Yuanpeng LI, Wei WANG, Cong ZHANG, Zonghai LI, Ruixin ZHAO, Siqi WANG. Experimental study on shaking table model of six piles with large diameter and variable section in different thickened soil layers[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (3) : 595 -603 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.016
近年来,液化场地桩基震害时有发生,如日本的Tamaga wa桥和昭和公路大桥、中国唐山市的胜利桥、新西兰的科伦坡街桥等均处于液化场地,地震时砂土液化导致土体强度降低,对桩基的约束作用减弱,桩基受到破坏引发上部结构甚至全桥发生损伤,严重影响桥梁安全[1-3],大直径变截面桩基因其优良的抗震性能和良好的经济效益被广泛应用于深水桥梁桩基建设[4]。由于跨海大桥桩基础大多穿越淤泥等液化土层,在强震作用下液化土层强度降低威胁着桥梁安全,同时不同桩基桥位不同,海床面厚度有所区别,对大直径变截面桥梁桩基的抗震设计造成困扰[5-7]。因此,研究不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础动力响应特性问题尤为必要。
目前,国内外学者对于液化场地桩基的动力响应有着深入研究。冯忠居等[8-11]通过振动台试验,探明了强震作用下砂土液化对桥梁桩基力学特性的影响,研究了强震作用下液化场地中桩-土之间的作用特性,同时分析了该场地下变截面桩、群桩的动力响应规律。李雨润等[12]应用ABAQUS软件讨论了可液化土层桩体抗震侧向承载力的计算方法。唐亮等[13]基于数值模拟和振动台实验,对液化场地桥梁桩基改进m值法进行了研究。蔡可键[14]基于动力学模型,通过将土体简化为独立的弹簧和阻尼器的方法,建立水平振动方程,研究了桩基横向非线性动力响应特性。然而,桩基在抗震过程中并非孤立存在,而是和上部结构紧密连接,为进一步探明砂土液化对桩基和上部结构的影响。刘星等[15]使用OpenSees软件,将地基、群桩基础和上部结构作为一个系统,重点分析了可液化地基在地震作用下桩身弯矩受桩与土相互作用影响的规律。许成顺等[16]通过土-群桩-上部结构体系大型振动台试验,重点探究了地震动条件下可液化自由场中场地加速度、孔压比等动力响应规律。张健等[17]利用土工离心机进行模型试验,采取频谱分析的方法,研究了砂土液化和承台共同作用下桩身弯矩的变化规律。孔德森等[18]通过设计群桩柱墩-模型振动台试验,分析了地震作用下液化场地群桩-土-结构之间的作用规律。以上研究主要集中于探索液化场地下传统桩基动力响应特性,为系统地揭示地震作用下液化场中不同结构形式桩基的动力响应特性的响应规律,部分学者基于数值模拟的方法展开了研究工作。高盟等[19]利用FLAC3D软件,分析了液化场地下大直径扩底桩的动力响应特性;沈婷等[20]通过数值模拟,采取有效应力动力分析的方法,着重研究了地震动作用下深长桩基础的孔隙水压力特性。近些年来,大直径变截面桩基因其抗震性能好而被广泛应用。冯忠居等[21]依托实体工程,使用FLAC 3D软件,研究了不同地震波作用下软土场地大直径变截面群桩动力响应特性。ZHANG等[22]通过振动台试验,对比研究了单桩和群桩的抗液化性能,结果表明群桩的抗液化性能较好。刘忠平等[23]基于实际工程,采用推导分析和增量动力分析的方法研究了变截面桩在地震作用下的抗剪、抗弯强度,并给出了变截面位置的合理设计范围。
综上所述,现有的研究多集中于液化场地单桩的动力响应和桩-土之间的受力特性分析,而对大直径变截面的桩研究较少,文献[24]研究了针对液化场地等截面桩和变截面桩的动力响应差异问题。因此,本文通过振动台模型试验,研究不同厚度液化土层及不同地震动强度下饱和砂土孔压比、大直径变截面六桩桩顶水平位移、桩身加速度及弯矩等变化规律,以期为液化场地的桥梁桩基设计优化提供参考。
厦门第二东通道翔安大桥H15采用大直径变截面六桩基础,桩长45 m、桩径2.5/2.15 m、桩间距5.4 m,其土层分布如图1所示。根据勘察报告,该区地震烈度为Ⅶ度且桩基穿越不同厚度的饱和砂土层,在地震作用下极易发生液化[25]。因此,亟需开展不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础的动力特性研究。
使用振动台模拟地震,具体的技术参数如表1所示。
综合考虑相似比以及“模型箱效应”带来的误差,选取3.05 m(长)×1.7 m(宽)×1.8 m(高)的刚性模型箱,通过在模型箱四周充填20 mm厚的泡沫,降低试验过程中地震波反射等影响。为达到每个功能区相互不影响的目的,在满足试验要求的前提下,通过焊接钢板将模型箱分割为三个功能区。图2为模型箱示意图。
该地震动模型试验采用人工质量模型,几何相似比Cl=1/50,重力加速度关系Cg=1,按照土工相似原理,通过量纲分析法计算得到弹性模量相似比CE=1/3.5。各物理量相似常数如表2所示。
由于模型总质量为模型本身质量mm与人工质量ma之和,因此在不影响结构刚度的同时,综合考虑振动台的实际承载能力及人工质量的相似条件,在变截面六桩桩顶设置600 kg的人工质量[26-27]。其中,人工质量计算公式为:
式中,mp为原型质量。
模型桩长90 cm,桩径5.0/4.3 cm,变截面位置在桩顶以下46 cm处。模型桩采用微粒混凝土材料配置,其水泥品种为中材牌普通硅酸盐水泥,骨料采用最大粒径为4.75的河砂,配合比为水泥∶石∶砂∶水=1.0∶4.19∶1.48∶0.60,抗压强度为19.0 MPa,弹性模量为25.2 GPa[28]。箍筋型号为Q235的镀锌铁丝,其屈服强度235 MPa,弹性模量为200 GPa,桩身配筋率为2.4%,主筋材料选取4根直径4 mm的镀锌铁丝,箍筋选取一根直径2.8 mm的镀锌铁丝,桩基模型如图3如示。
基于厦门第二东通道翔安大桥地质勘查资料,中风化花岗岩抗压强度为68 MPa,本次模型试验中风化花岗岩采用微粒混凝土配置,通过万能试验机测得其抗压强度为19 MPa,混凝土抗压强度测试曲线如图4所示,符合相似比关系。基岩混凝土浇筑时在桩基础相应位置设置深5 cm、直径8 cm的预留孔,以便模型桩准确就位。通过烘干法、环刀法、直剪试验测得模型土的物理力学指标,近似配制出原状土样[29-30],模型土的物理力学指标如表3所示。填筑地基土采用分层填筑、人工夯实的方法,即按照经验标准控制土的相对密实度和含水量,分层装填碾压并夯实到预定效果,分层装填厚度为10 cm。填筑完成后对模型箱内地基土取样并测其物理力学指标参数,试验砂土的颗粒级配曲线如图5所示。
根据该工程的勘察报告,拟建场区的地震烈度为Ⅶ度,设计地震加速度峰值为0.15g。试验选取《厦门第二东通道桥梁段工程场地地震安全性评价报告》中针对厦门翔安大桥人工合成的5010波,即50年超越概率10%。在地震波波形不变的前提下,对其进行比例缩放,控制其峰值加速度分别为0.25g、0.35g、0.45g,其波形如图6所示。
模型试验主要研究不同地震动强度下,大直径变截面六桩基础分别位于30、40、50 cm液化土层下六桩基础的动力响应规律。试验采用位移传感器测量桩顶水平位移,加速度传感器测量桩身加速度,应变片测量桩身应变,其方向均沿X向,计算得出弯矩,并布设孔隙水压力计,以测量不同强度的地震波作用下土体孔隙水压力。在上部荷载作用下,群桩中边桩和中心桩的承担荷载大小不同[31-32],但由于本文的研究重点在于液化土层厚度变化下桩基的动力响应特性,故按如图7所示方式布置测试元件。
不同液化土层厚度下、不同强度地震作用时,3种不同工况下孔压比变化规律如图89所示。
图8可知,同一液化土层厚度、不同地震动强度作用下,孔压比变化规律基本相同。地震波刚开始加载时孔压比的值在零点附近,随着地震强度的增大,孔压比先逐渐增大然后趋于稳定,当孔压比达到0.8时,土体完全液化[2433]。同一液化土层厚度、不同强度地震作用下,孔压比稳定值随着地震动强度的增大而增大。以液化土层厚度30 cm时为例,地震动强度分别为0.15g、0.25g、0.35g、0.45g时,孔压比的稳定值分别为0.73、0.81、0.84、0.87。这是因为随着地震动强度的增大,土中的孔隙水压力在短时间内来不及排出,导致饱和砂土层孔压比的稳定值增大。
图9可知,同一地震强度下,随着液化土层厚度的增加,孔压比表现出滞后性。以0.15g地震动强度为例,液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时,孔压比分别在10.3、10.6、11.3 s开始迅速增加,可见随着土层深度的增加孔压比表现出滞后性。同一地震强度下,随着液化土层厚度的增加,孔压比的稳定值减小。以0.15g地震动强度为例,液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时,孔压比的稳定值分别为0.73、0.64、0.61。当饱和砂土液化时,随着饱和砂土层厚度的增加,孔隙水的排泄受到限制,导致孔隙水压力增大,土层的抗剪强度减小,液化土层承载能力下降,同时孔压比的稳定值变小。饱和砂土层厚度增加会导致液化土层承载能力下降,为确保桩基础的稳定性,建议着重考虑饱和砂土层厚度增加对孔压比的影响。
不同液化土层厚度、不同强度地震作用时3种不同工况下桩身加速度变化规律如图10所示。
图10可知,各土层厚度下,大直径变截面六桩基础桩身加速度均由桩端至桩顶逐渐增大,同一位置桩身加速度随着地震动强度的增加逐渐增大。桩身加速度在强风化花岗岩层增速较慢,在液化土层增速较快,且在土层交界面和变截面处发生突变,峰值位于桩顶。桩身加速度在变截面处发生突变是因为变截面桩桩径由大变小,桩-土整体刚度减弱,加速度放大效果明显。此外,桩身加速度在不同土层中增速不同且在分界面处发生突变,是因为液化土层土体较为软弱,对桩基的约束作用较弱,且在地震作用下发生液化,强度降低,液化土层对地震波的放大作用增强。
图10可知,随着液化土层厚度的增加,大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶加速度均逐渐增大。以0.15g地震动强度为例,液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时,桩身加速峰值在桩顶处且分别为3.74、3.85、4.00 m/s2。这是由于随着液化土层厚度的增加,强风化花岗岩层厚度减小,桩侧土层对桩的约束作用减弱。同时,在地震动荷载作用下,液化土层厚度的增加导致液化量增大,桩基自由长度变长,桩基自由段对输入地震波的振动特性敏感。液化土层40 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶加速度较液化土层30 cm时大0.11 m/s2,液化土层50 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶加速度较40 cm时大0.15 m/s2。可见,随着液化土层厚度增加,大直径变截面六桩基础桩身加速度增幅变大。
不同液化土层厚度下,不同地震动强度作用时3种不同工况下桩身弯矩变化规律如图11所示。
图11可知,各土层厚度、大直径变截面六桩基础桩身弯矩均是由桩顶到桩端先增大后减小,且桩身弯矩峰值均产生于饱和砂土层和强风化岩土层分界面处。因为在地震动作用下,饱和砂土产生液化,土体变软强度降低,桩侧土抗力减小,桩-土发生相对运动,其结构发生破坏,导致桩身弯矩变大。同一位置桩身弯矩随着地震动强度的增加逐渐增大,且在变截面处产生突变。因为变截面处桩径变化,桩基的抗弯刚度差异较大,桩身弯矩在该处发生突变。
图11可知,0.15g地震动强度下,液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm时,大直径变截面六桩基础桩身弯矩峰值分别为36.2、38.3、46.0 kN·m,可以看出,同一地震动强度下,随着液化土层厚度的增大,大直径变截面六桩基础桩身弯矩峰值均逐渐增大。液化土层40 cm大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值较液化土层30 cm大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值大2.1 kN·m,液化土层50 cm大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值较液化土层40 cm大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值大7.7 kN·m。可见,随着液化土层厚度增加,大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值增幅变大。同时可以看出,随着饱和砂土层厚度的增加,桩身弯矩最大值逐渐增大。这是因为饱和砂土在振动荷载往复作用下发生液化,且在一定时间内无法恢复,随着液化土层厚度增大,土体破坏程度增大,导致桩身产生了较大的弯矩。
不同强度地震作用下,不同液化土层厚度在3种不同工况下桩顶水平位移最大值及变化规律如图12所示。
图12可知,各土层厚度下,随着地震动强度的增大,大直径变截面六桩基础的桩顶水平位移最大值均逐渐变大。以液化土层厚度30 cm为例,在地震波强度分别为0.15g、0.25g、0.35g、0.45g作用时,桩基础产生的位移最大值分别为0.8、1.2、1.6、1.8 mm。液化土层厚度分别为30、40、50 cm 时,以地震波强度0.15g为例,在其作用下,大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值分别为0.8、1.5、2.8 mm。可以看出,同一地震波强度作用下,随着液化土层厚度的增大,大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值均逐渐增大。液化土层40 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值较液化土层30 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值大0.7 mm,液化土层50 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值较液化土层40 cm大直径变截面六桩基础桩顶水平位移峰值大1.3 mm。可见,随着液化土层厚度增加,大直径变截面六桩基础弯矩峰值增幅变大。
基于大型振动台试验,对地震波作用下不同厚度液化土层大直径变截面六桩基础动力响应特性分析,得出以下结论:
(1)地震动作用下,随着饱和砂土层厚度的增加,土层深处的孔压比在开始增长时刻滞后于浅处。随着饱和砂土层厚度的增加,孔压比稳定值变小,土层的抗剪强度减小,液化土层承载能力下降。因此,建议着重考虑饱和砂土层厚度增加对孔压比的影响。
(2)不同饱和砂土层厚度下,大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度及弯矩在变截面和土层分界面处发生突变。同时,在0.15g地震动强度下,随着饱和砂土层厚度的增加,六桩基础的桩顶水平位移、桩身加速度及弯矩峰值均逐渐增大且增幅变大
(3)同一土层厚度下,随着地震动强度的增大,饱和砂土孔压比、大直径变截面六桩基础的桩身加速度、桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩均增大。强震作用下,加剧了大直径变截面六桩基础周围饱和砂土层的液化,导致饱和砂土层的土体强度和桩侧土体的约束作用减弱。
(4)随着液化土层厚度增大,大直径变截面六桩基础动力特性发生的变化需要引起重视。建议在液化土层较厚的区域关注其孔压比和桩身加速度的变化,当厦门第二东通道翔安大桥桩基选取桩身抗弯强度为结构控制因素时,应重点考虑变截面和土层分界面处的桩基抗弯能力,保证大直径变截面六桩基础的抗震性能。
  • 福建省交通运输科技项目(202105)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.016
  • 接收时间:2023-05-24
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-24
  • 修回日期:2023-09-19
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福建省交通运输科技项目(202105)
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    1.长安大学公路学院,陕西 西安 710064
    2.厦门路桥工程投资发展有限公司,福建 厦门 361026

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张聪(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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