Article(id=1228295918705898029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678204800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-08, revisedDate=1692115200000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778167654, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778167654, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778167654, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778167654, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295917908980268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778167464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949125482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012967862235390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295917908980268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=480, endPage=489, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295918903030320, articleId=1228295918705898029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Energy transfer and dissipation studies of coupled piecewise linear stiffness NES system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The energy transfer efficiency and energy dissipation of coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink are studied. The equation of systematic slow-varying equations of the two-degree-of-freedom system coupled with the piecewise linear stiffness energy is derived by the complex variable-averaging method under 1∶1 internal resonance. The approximate expression of two extreme points of the slow-invariant manifold is obtained by using the polynomial approximation method,and the energy transfer efficiency equation and energy dissipation equation of the coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink system are obtained. The effects of piecewise gap and piecewise linear stiffness on energy transfer efficiency and the relationship between damping coefficient of the main structure and dissipation time are analyzed. The results indicate that the energy transfer efficiency of the system decreases as the piecewise gap of the coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink increases,while it increases with an increase of piecewise stiffness. Additionally,it decreases with an increase of the damping system of the main structure. Therefore,adjusting structural parameters,the piecewise linear stiffness energy sink can effectively mitigate vibrations within the main structure.

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针对耦合分段线性刚度NES的能量传递效率及系统能量耗散进行了研究。采用复变量-平均法得到了1∶1内共振下耦合分段线性刚度能量阱的二自由度系统慢变方程。应用多项式近似法得到了系统慢不变流形两极值点的近似表达式,以此得到了耦合分段线性刚度能量阱系统的能量传递效率方程以及能量耗散方程,并分析了分段间隙和分段线性刚度对能量传递效率的影响以及阻尼比与耗散时间的关系。研究结果表明,系统的能量传递效率随着耦合分段线性刚度能量阱分段间隙的增大而降低,随着分段刚度的增大而提高;能量耗散时间随着主结构阻尼系数的增大而缩短。通过调节结构参数,分段线性刚度能量阱能够高效抑制主结构的振动。

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王军(1979—),女,博士,教授。E-mail:
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张云浩(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:

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张云浩(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:

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Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2020., articleTitle=Study on piecewise linear stiffness energy sinks for space optical remote sensing payload, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228312970762060080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295918705898029, awardId=U1934201, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228312970887889205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295918705898029, awardId=12272242, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272242), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228312960389546058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295918705898029, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228312960397934667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295918705898029, companyId=1228312960389546058, language=EN, country=null, province=null, 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耦合分段线性刚度NES系统能量传递和耗散研究
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张云浩 1 , 王军 1, 2 , 申永军 1, 2 , 张建超 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(3): 480-489
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(3): 480-489
耦合分段线性刚度NES系统能量传递和耗散研究
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张云浩1 , 王军1, 2 , 申永军1, 2, 张建超2
作者信息
  • 1.石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北 石家庄 050043
  • 2.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043
  • 张云浩(1996—),男,硕士。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王军(1979—),女,博士,教授。E-mail:
Energy transfer and dissipation studies of coupled piecewise linear stiffness NES system
Yunhao ZHANG1 , Jun WANG1, 2 , Yongjun SHEN1, 2, Jianchao ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.004
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针对耦合分段线性刚度NES的能量传递效率及系统能量耗散进行了研究。采用复变量-平均法得到了1∶1内共振下耦合分段线性刚度能量阱的二自由度系统慢变方程。应用多项式近似法得到了系统慢不变流形两极值点的近似表达式,以此得到了耦合分段线性刚度能量阱系统的能量传递效率方程以及能量耗散方程,并分析了分段间隙和分段线性刚度对能量传递效率的影响以及阻尼比与耗散时间的关系。研究结果表明,系统的能量传递效率随着耦合分段线性刚度能量阱分段间隙的增大而降低,随着分段刚度的增大而提高;能量耗散时间随着主结构阻尼系数的增大而缩短。通过调节结构参数,分段线性刚度能量阱能够高效抑制主结构的振动。

非线性振动  /  非线性能量阱  /  复变量-平均法  /  分段线性刚度

The energy transfer efficiency and energy dissipation of coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink are studied. The equation of systematic slow-varying equations of the two-degree-of-freedom system coupled with the piecewise linear stiffness energy is derived by the complex variable-averaging method under 1∶1 internal resonance. The approximate expression of two extreme points of the slow-invariant manifold is obtained by using the polynomial approximation method,and the energy transfer efficiency equation and energy dissipation equation of the coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink system are obtained. The effects of piecewise gap and piecewise linear stiffness on energy transfer efficiency and the relationship between damping coefficient of the main structure and dissipation time are analyzed. The results indicate that the energy transfer efficiency of the system decreases as the piecewise gap of the coupled piecewise linear stiffness energy sink increases,while it increases with an increase of piecewise stiffness. Additionally,it decreases with an increase of the damping system of the main structure. Therefore,adjusting structural parameters,the piecewise linear stiffness energy sink can effectively mitigate vibrations within the main structure.

nonlinear vibration  /  nonlinear energy sink  /  complex-averaging method  /  piecewise linear stiffness
张云浩, 王军, 申永军, 张建超. 耦合分段线性刚度NES系统能量传递和耗散研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (3) : 480 -489 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.004
Yunhao ZHANG, Jun WANG, Yongjun SHEN, Jianchao ZHANG. Energy transfer and dissipation studies of coupled piecewise linear stiffness NES system[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (3) : 480 -489 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.004
非线性能量阱(nonlinear energy sinks,NES)以其振动能量耗散效率高、鲁棒性好和质量小等特点[1-2],越来越多地被应用于航天设备振动抑制中[3-6]。非线性能量阱是一种被动减振设备,把它附加在主结构(即振动抑制对象)上,通过能量定向传递(target energy transfer,TET)对主结构的振动能量进行高效吸收和耗散。
VAKAKIS[1]发现当冲击载荷大于某个临界值时,带有立方刚度的非线性能量阱才会发生能量定向传递。LEE等[7]研究了非线性能量阱中主结构的质量比对系统TET的影响,研究证明当质量比足够小时系统才会发生TET。SHIROKY等[8]引入复变平均法通过系统的慢方程来研究非线性刚度对NES振动抑制效率的影响,结果表明合理的非线性刚度能够提升NES吸振效率。杨一帆等[9]利用复变量-平均法研究了一种含负刚度NES的刚度和阻尼对系统靶向能量传递的影响,研究表明当刚度和阻尼以及负刚度取值范围合适时,系统具有更好的能量传递效果。楼京俊等[10]利用增量谐波平衡法研究了耦合非线性能量阱的动力学模型,探讨了阻尼参数、质量比参数和刚度参数对非线性能量阱振动抑制效果的影响规律。张运法等[11]利用复变量-平均法求解了耦合组合刚度非线性能量阱系统慢不变方程,并研究了系统参数对减振效果的影响。CHEN等[12]利用复变量-平均法求解了受谐波激励的耦合非光滑非线性能量阱系统的稳态方程,分析了非线性能量阱刚度对其减振性能的影响。 LI等[13]研究了谐波激励下被动振动控制的双稳态非线性能量汇,并利用复平均法进行解析处理,得到慢不变流形,经过分析得出双稳态非线性能量阱具有良好的宽频特性。甄冬等[14]建立了负刚度非线性能量阱的汽车模型,基于复变量平均法推导了系统的慢变方程,研究了系统鞍结分岔边界条件,并对平衡点稳定性进行了分析,证明了立方刚度非线性能量阱相比负刚度非线性能量阱具有更好的减振效果。杨豪等[15]提出了一种具有混合阻尼的非线性能量阱吸振器,研究了不同阻尼混合类型对系统动力学性能的影响,基于振动传递率和能量耗散对比,分析了混合阻尼非线性能量阱系统的动力学特性。姚永玉等[16]建立了悬臂梁耦合非线性能量阱的动力学模型,基于能量耗散分析了非线性能量阱抑振性能与激励强度之间的关系。熊怀等[17]研究了含立方刚度的耦合非线性能量阱的阻尼对系统能量耗散的影响,并通过数值分析验证了非线性能量阱的能量耗散时间与阻尼比有关。熊怀[18]基于复变量平均法推导出白噪声作用下的系统能量传递和耗散与结构参数的函数关系,从系统内部能量流动的角度分析了系统阻尼对能量传递和耗散的影响。王菁菁等[19]提出了一种脉冲型荷载作用下的非对称非线性能量阱,并采用数值仿真方法研究了非对称非线性能量阱的振动控制性能以及频率鲁棒性。符翔等[20]对基于非线性能量阱的弹性支承梁进行研究,利用能量法分析了非线性能量阱对主结构振动的能量消耗。王锦涛等[21]建立了非线性耦合振子内在保守系统并通过复变量-平均法推导了系统的慢变动力学方程,研究了完全能量传递时非线性振子的临界质量和系统初始能量需满足的关系。黎文科等[22]建立了一种对称轨道型单侧碰撞非线性能量阱,通过数值仿真的方法分析了系统参数变化对振动抑制性能的影响。
在工程应用中,完美的立方刚度难以实现,为了使NES更具有工程应用价值,带有分段线性刚度的NES以其易实现、易调节等特点逐渐被学者们所关注。LAMARQUE等[23]通过复变量-平均法分析了非光滑调谐式非线性能量阱产生TET的条件与含立方刚度的非线性能量阱类似,并发现非光滑分段刚度NES能够在与主结构的1∶1共振中通过稳定振动轨道分支的突然跳跃传递系统的绝大部分能量。GEORGIADIS等[24]将分段线性刚度加入到非线性能量阱中,发现了分段间隙和分段线性刚度两个参数的设置会影响系统受到冲击激励后的吸振效果。GENDELMAN等[25]提出了一种对分段线性刚度函数的近似方法,利用复变傅里叶函数对分段线性函数进行推导,通过数值仿真证明了函数的有效性。SUN等[26]提出了一种具有分段线性阻尼和分段线性刚度组合的NES系统,通过对主系统施加周期正弦外激励,得到了系统类似于扫频曲线的理论频率响应特性关系。崔泰毓等[27]通过复变量-平均法对受冲击激励的分段线性刚度能量阱的能量耗散效率进行了优化,建立了以提高分段线性刚度能量阱能量耗散效率为目标的优化模型,实验证明优化模型提高了分段线性能量阱的能量耗散效率。曹焱博等[28]建立了一种含分段线性刚度梁形式的非光滑非线性能量阱,采用数值法分析了系统在共振时,非光滑非线性能量阱对转子以及叶片振动的抑制能力。姚红良等[29]研发了一种具有分段线性刚度的非线性能量阱,分析了该系统的刚度和阻尼特性。目前,尚未有文献研究分段线性刚度非线性能量阱的能量传递效率及其能量耗散,但参考立方刚度能量阱的研究经验,不难发现对分段线性刚度NES的能量传递及其耗能研究是很有必要的。
本文研究了耦合分段线性刚度能量阱的能量传递效率以及系统能量耗散,首先通过复变量-平均法推导耦合分段线性刚度能量阱的二自由度系统下的慢变方程,然后应用多项式近似法得到慢不变流形两个极值点的近似表达式,推导出分段线性刚度能量阱的能量传递效率表达式以分析分段间隙和分段刚度对能量传递效率的影响,进而利用复变量-平均法推导出系统的能量耗散方程,以分析阻尼比与耗散时间的关系,最后通过数值模拟验证上述分析的有效性。
以最基本的有阻尼自由振动分析为例,系统模型如图1所示:
系统微分方程为:
式中,m1x11分别为主结构的质量、位移、速度以及加速度;m2x22分别为分段线性刚度能量阱的质量、位移、速度以及加速度;c1c2分别代表主结构和分段线性刚度能量阱的阻尼系数;k1为主结构的刚度系数;w为两振子相对位移,w = x2 - x1g2为分段线性刚度能量阱的非线性恢复力,是系统中的非线性部分,其表达式为:
式中,a0为分段线性刚度能量阱的弹簧刚度间隙;k2为分段线性刚度能量阱的刚度系数。
将该系统转化为如下形式:
式中,ε = m2/m1ελ1 = c1/m1ελ2 = c2/m1εF2(z)= g2(z)/m1
为便于表示两振子能量,引入如下变换:
则式(3)可化为如下形式:
鉴于上述动力学模型中含有非线性刚度项F2(w),难以直接求出精确的解析解,利用复变量-平均法求解系统能量的近似解析表达式。复变量-平均法是GENDELMAN等[25]提出用于求解非线性动力系统的近似计算方法,该方法通过推导原系统的慢变方程得到能量传递关系和能量耗散的近似解。
采用复变量-平均法需引入如下复变量:
式中,i为虚数单位;ω0为主结构的固有频率,由于1∶1内共振在能量传递中占据主导地位[23],鉴于本文主要针对1∶1内共振引起的能量传递,故虚部系数为ω0
将式(6)代入式(5)中,化简得:
式中,f2(φ2)为分段线性刚度项对展开的周期为2π的傅里叶级数的第一阶系数:
Gendelman[25]证明式(8)可化为:
式中,
对式(7)进行多尺度展开:
将式(11)代入式(7)中,则两个方程展开后取一次近似:
式中,t0t1分别表示系统引入时间多尺度后的快变时间尺度和慢变时间尺度;ε0ε的零次方)和ε1ε的1次方)项所对应的系数即为系统快变部分和慢变部分。式(12)和式(13)的快变部分为:
式(12)消去久期项后,慢变部分为:
采用极坐标表示复变量φ10φ20
将式(17)代入慢变部分式(16)中,分离实部和虚部后,得:
将式(17)代入快变部分式(15)中,得:
由式(18)和(19)可得:
式(20a)表示慢变系统主结构能量耗散速率,可以看出能量耗散速率与两振子的能量和阻尼大小有关。式(20b)表示慢变系统中两振子的振动能量传递关系,该式不显含时间,表示仅与系统结构参数有关。
本文参照文献[30],选取参数为a0 = 1,ω0 = 1,k2 = 1.5,λ2 = 0.2,绘制系统慢不变流形图。由图2可知,在给定的初始条件下,两振子的振动能量将迅速地从初始位置移动到系统慢不变流形的稳定分支b上,并沿着该曲线缓慢移动到稳定平衡点B,之后振动能量迅速地跳跃到稳定分支a,并沿着该分支缓慢耗散至0。
选取参数a0 = 0.3,ω0 = 1,k1 = 1.33,k2 = 1.5,λ2 = 0.2,绘制耦合分段线性刚度NES与立方刚度NES的慢不变流形对比图,如图3所示。由于分段线性刚度NES比立方刚度NES极大值的纵坐标更小,因此,采用分段刚度的系统所需触发能量传递的初始能量值更小,这意味着分段线性刚度NES能够更容易实现能量传递;分段刚度NES系统的极大值相比立方刚度NES系统的极大值更小,而分段刚度系统的极小值更大,这意味着在1∶1内共振下分段线性刚度NES具有更高的能量传递效率。
由于式(20b)中存在反三角函数项,无法直接解出极值点的解析表达式。因此应用近似替换的方法将式(20b)化为由初等函数表示的近似方程,即可得到极值点坐标的近似解析表达式。
为求解稳定平衡点B的坐标,可将式(20b)近似替换为[31]
式中,n为常数,用来调节初等函数曲线,以达到较好的近似,还需满足R2ω0a0
选取参数为a0 = 1,ω0 = 1,k2 = 1.5,λ2 = 0.2,n = 1.581,绘制原模型式(20b)与近似模型式(21)所对应的慢不变流形对比图,如图4所示。近似模型的慢不变流形曲线和原模型的慢不变流形曲线只在极值点附近拟合较好,由于本次研究只涉及到极值点B的求解问题,因此该近似模型满足拟合要求。
对式(21)中的R2求导得:
由式(22)可推导出近似模型中B点横坐标表达式:
将式(23)代入式(21)中,可得到B点纵坐标:
求得极大值A点横坐标的近似表达式:
将式(25)代入中,求得A点纵坐标的近似表达式:
式中,p为常数,用来调节初等函数曲线,以达到较好的近似。
在共振能量俘获达到最优,即初始能量全部实现能量传递时,系统能量传递率为[30]
式中,Etr为能量传递率。
选取参数a0 = 2,ω0 = 1,k2 = 1.5,n = 1.581,p = 0.104,绘制能量传递率随NES结构阻尼系数的变化曲线。由图5可知,随着NES阻尼系数逐渐增大,传递率呈现逐渐减小的趋势并最终降为0。因此,在耦合分段线性刚度NES系统其他参数一定的情况下,为了提高系统的能量传递效率,分段线性刚度NES的阻尼系数应尽量选取较小值。
以下着重分析分段间隙a0和分段线性刚度NES刚度系数k2对系统能量传递率的影响。
(1)分段间隙a0对系统能量传递率的影响
保持其他参数不变,选取分段间隙a0分别为1、1.5、2和2.5,绘制不同分段间隙下NES阻尼系数λ2与能量传递率E tr的关系曲线,如图6所示。随着分段间隙a0逐渐增大,能量传递率随阻尼系数的变化曲线逐渐朝着阻尼系数增大的方向偏移,即在相同的阻尼系数下,系统的能量传递率随着分段间隙a0的增大而减小。当阻尼系数一定时,随着a0数值增大其能量传递率减少程度越小。当a0 = 2和a0 = 2.5时,系统的能量传递率可以降为0;但当a0 = 1和a0 = 1.5时,系统的能量传递率却不能降为0,因此不同a0值会影响系统的能量传递率最终能否降为0。
图2可知,当系统能量实现传递时,a0的取值受初始能量E0R1 +R1 -三者的约束,还应满足如下条件:E0>R1 +R1 +>R1 -a0 > 0,λ2 > 0。为了进一步研究a0的取值范围,令Z = E0 -R1 +Y = R1 +- R1 -且应有Z > 0、Y < 0,可得:
选取参数为ω0 = 1,k2 = 1.5,n = 1.581,p =0.104,λ2 = 0.2,E0 = 4,绘制分段间隙a0ZY的关系。由图7可知,分段间隙a0的取值太小时Z < 0,Y < 0,此时系统不能实现能量传递。因此在设计NES的参数时,分段间隙a0的取值不能过小。
(2)分段线性NES刚度系数k2对系统能量传递率的影响
保持其他参数不变,当分段线性NES刚度系数k2分别取2、2.5、3和3.5时,绘制不同分段刚度系数下NES阻尼系数λ2与能量传递率关系曲线,如图8所示。当NES阻尼系数λ2一定时,系统能量传递率随刚度系数k2的增大而提高。对比图8的四条曲线可知,当k2 = 3.5时,系统的能量传递率趋于10%,不能降为0,其余三条曲线的能量传递率基本降为0。
由于系统存在非线性项,因此仅能通过慢变方程近似求解。
将式(5)第二式转换为:
式中,
将式(5)的第二式和式(29)引入慢变量替换,同时对慢变方程多尺度展开可以得到:
在式(30)中仍然难以获得能量项| φ1 |2,因此再次引入共轭复变量进行变换,得:
将式(32)中两式乘以δ后,四式相加,可得:
λ1 = λ2 = 0,系统为保守Hamilton系统,其相对时间尺度t1的保守系统能量为:
式中,H为振子的总能量。
将式(33b)看成是| φ20 |2的积分方程,对其等式两边进行Laplace变换:
化简后得:
进行Laplace反变换,则有:
对积分项在t1 = 0处进行泰勒展开则有:
对比式(35)和(36)可以看到H (t1)保守系统的近似能量响应表达式,同时对式(32)进行变换有:
联合式(36)~(38),求得与主振子能量有关的项| φ20 |2,从而获得主振子能量。式中的H (0 )、| φ20 (0 )|2均可以由初始条件求出。其微分项如下:
也可从微分方程和初始条件求出。
同理,| φ20 |2可由下式表示:
鉴于设置减振器的目的在于快速耗散主结构能量,此处仅关注主结构的能量,可以表示为:
结合与主结构能量有关的式(35),耗散时间可由下式求得:
展开后得:
化简后得:
式中,ENES为耦合NES系统中主振子的振动能量;td为耗散时间。
将主结构阻尼比ξ = c1/(2m1ω0 ),以及ελ1 =c1/m1代入式(44)后,可得耗散时间td与主结构的阻尼比的关系:
选取参数为λ2 = 0.2,ε = 0.08,绘制有无附加NES的阻尼比与耗散时间关系曲线,如图9所示。阻尼比越大对应的耗散时间越短,当阻尼比ξ>0.3时,两个系统的耗散时间差距不大,此时耦合NES系统并没有达到预期的减振效果。当阻尼比ξ<0.3时,耦合NES系统的耗散时间远小于非耦合NES线性系统的耗散时间,并且阻尼比越大,耗散时间越短,此时附加NES的振动抑制效果十分明显。
选取参数为ε = 0.08,NES阻尼系数λ2取0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5,绘制阻尼比与耗散时间关系曲线对比图,如图10所示。当阻尼比ξ一定时,NES阻尼系数λ2越大,耦合分段线性刚度NES系统的耗散时间越短。当主结构能量传递到分段线性刚度NES系统中时,分段线性刚度NES系统的分段线性刚度元件吸收一部分能量,而NES的阻尼耗散系统的能量,当阻尼比较大时,耗散能量更多,所需的耗散时间更短。
选取参数为ε = 0.08,λ1 = 0.2,λ2 = 0.2,ω0 =1,k1 = 1,k2 = 1.5,x1 = x2 = 0,,分别绘制线性系统与非线性系统位移响应曲线对比图、系统主结构能量随时间变化曲线以及系统主结构相图。由图11可知,未加NES的线性系统做自由衰减振动,系统能量通过自身阻尼逐渐消耗;加有耦合分段线性刚度NES的系统,其振动衰减快,且能量大部分都传至NES消耗。由图12可知,随着时间的增大,两系统振动能量慢慢减小并趋于稳定。耦合分段刚度NES系统的振动能量减小速率比未耦合NES线性系统快。
本文研究了一种耦合分段线性刚度能量阱系统,分析了1∶1内共振下系统的能量传递效率以及能量耗散,并进一步分析了系统主要参数对能量传递效率的影响以及阻尼比与耗散时间的关系,研究表明:
(1)在相同条件下耦合分段线性刚度NES相较于立方刚度NES具有如下两个优点,一是耦合分段线性刚度NES系统所需触发能量传递的初始能量值更小,二是更容易实现能量传递,且具有更高的能量传递效率。
(2)在分段线性刚度NES阻尼系数不变的情况下,减小分段间隙能够提高系统的能量传递效率,但分段间隙存在一个极小值界限。当分段间隙小于这个极小值界限时,系统将失去能量传递的功能;当分段线性刚度NES阻尼系数一定时,增大分段线性刚度NES的刚度系数也能够提高系统的能量传递效率。
(3)当主结构阻尼比小于一定值时,耦合分段线性刚度NES系统的能量耗散时间远小于立方刚度NES系统的能量耗散时间,且主结构阻尼比越大,耦合NES系统的能量耗散时间越短,振动抑制效果越好。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272242)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.03.004
  • 接收时间:2023-03-08
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-08
  • 修回日期:2023-08-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272242)
作者信息
    1.石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北 石家庄 050043
    2.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043

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王军(1979—),女,博士,教授。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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