Article(id=1228295812116050346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1675872000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-09, revisedDate=1681833600000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778142241, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778142241, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778142241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778142241, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295801890336965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='223', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778139803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949100774, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=310, endPage=320, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295812497732025, articleId=1228295812116050346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Global assessment of human-induced vibration serviceability in high-frequency floors considering the influence of indoor layout, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Higher-order harmonics of crowd loads may can lead to an increase in the dynamic response of high-frequency floors, resulting in serviceability and safety issues. This study aims to analyze the effect of different indoor layouts on the human-induced vibration of high-frequency floors. First, a random load model for high-frequency floors is established by combining the social force model (SFM) and a pedestrian load model. Next, a computational model for human-induced vibration of high-frequency floors is developed, taking into account human-structure interaction (HSI). A high-frequency floor with a fundamental frequency of 10.35 Hz is tested to validate the reasonableness of the computational model when applied to different layout configurations. Finally, the serviceability of the floor with different layout forms under random crowd walking conditions is evaluated using the global assessment method for human-induced vibration, with probabilistic results provided. The results show that for human-induced vibration problem in high-frequency floors, the influence of high-order vibration modes must be considered. Under the random walking conditions for five people, the dynamic response of the floor with different layouts is reduced after considering HIS, with a maximum reduction of 13.33% in peak acceleration and a maximum reduction of 12% in probability value of serviceability. The serviceability of the floor varies with the different layout configuration. Specifically, the probability of serviceability problems is highest for the floor with a discussion room layout, followed by the classroom layout, with the meeting room layout the lowest probability.

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人群荷载的高阶谐波可能会引起高频楼盖动力响应的增大,导致舒适度或安全问题。本文旨在分析室内物品的不同布局形式对高频楼盖人致振动的影响。结合社会力模型(SFM)和行人荷载模型,建立了高频楼盖随机荷载模型;在考虑行人-结构相互作用(HSI)的基础上,建立了高频楼盖人致振动计算模型;采用基频为10.35 Hz的高频楼盖进行测试,验证了计算模型应用于不同布局形式时的合理性;采用人致振动全域评估方法对不同布局形式的楼盖在人群随机行走下的舒适度进行了评估,并给出了概率结果。结果显示,对于高频楼盖人致振动问题需要考虑楼盖高阶振型的影响。5人随机行走工况下,在考虑HSI后,不同布局形式的楼盖动力响应有所减小,加速度峰值最大减小13.33%,出现舒适度问题的概率值最大减小12%。并且楼盖的舒适度会因室内布局形式的不同呈现不同的结果,研讨室布局的楼盖出现舒适度问题的概率最大,公共教室次之,会议室概率最小。

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蒲兴龙(1992—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:
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articleId=1228295812116050346, language=CN, label=图18, caption=不同布局形式下的楼盖加速度峰值超出舒适度限值的最大概率值, figureFileSmall=WNAEW9O7ekM3+J/pZ5qUvw==, figureFileBig=BbIm6DEUVDv4yNtpRGevlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228313058792108806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295812116050346, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

First five orders vibration frequencies of the floor

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阶次频率/Hz振型
1阶10.35
2阶11.07
3阶12.97
4阶15.18
5阶19.87
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楼盖前5阶振动频率

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阶次频率/Hz振型
1阶10.35
2阶11.07
3阶12.97
4阶15.18
5阶19.87
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Obstacle information of different layout forms

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布局形式单个尺寸/m2数量面积/m2所占楼盖面积比/%
会议室8.40×4.80140.3237.60
研讨室1.35×1.95410.539.14
公共教室0.45×1.302414.0412.19
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不同布局形式下障碍物信息

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布局形式单个尺寸/m2数量面积/m2所占楼盖面积比/%
会议室8.40×4.80140.3237.60
研讨室1.35×1.95410.539.14
公共教室0.45×1.302414.0412.19
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考虑室内布局影响的高频楼盖人致振动舒适度全域评估
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蒲兴龙 1, 2 , 何天虎 3 , 朱前坤 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(2): 310-320
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(2): 310-320
考虑室内布局影响的高频楼盖人致振动舒适度全域评估
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蒲兴龙1, 2 , 何天虎3, 朱前坤1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州理工大学防震减灾研究所,甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 2.河西学院土木工程学院,甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 3.兰州理工大学理学院,甘肃 兰州 730050

通讯作者:

蒲兴龙(1992—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:
Global assessment of human-induced vibration serviceability in high-frequency floors considering the influence of indoor layout
Xinglong PU1, 2 , Tianhu HE3, Qiankun ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Earthquake Protection and Disaster Mitigation, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China
  • 3.School of Sciences, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.010
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人群荷载的高阶谐波可能会引起高频楼盖动力响应的增大,导致舒适度或安全问题。本文旨在分析室内物品的不同布局形式对高频楼盖人致振动的影响。结合社会力模型(SFM)和行人荷载模型,建立了高频楼盖随机荷载模型;在考虑行人-结构相互作用(HSI)的基础上,建立了高频楼盖人致振动计算模型;采用基频为10.35 Hz的高频楼盖进行测试,验证了计算模型应用于不同布局形式时的合理性;采用人致振动全域评估方法对不同布局形式的楼盖在人群随机行走下的舒适度进行了评估,并给出了概率结果。结果显示,对于高频楼盖人致振动问题需要考虑楼盖高阶振型的影响。5人随机行走工况下,在考虑HSI后,不同布局形式的楼盖动力响应有所减小,加速度峰值最大减小13.33%,出现舒适度问题的概率值最大减小12%。并且楼盖的舒适度会因室内布局形式的不同呈现不同的结果,研讨室布局的楼盖出现舒适度问题的概率最大,公共教室次之,会议室概率最小。

人致振动舒适度  /  高频楼盖  /  物品布局形式  /  人群随机荷载模型  /  行人-结构相互作用  /  全域评估方法

Higher-order harmonics of crowd loads may can lead to an increase in the dynamic response of high-frequency floors, resulting in serviceability and safety issues. This study aims to analyze the effect of different indoor layouts on the human-induced vibration of high-frequency floors. First, a random load model for high-frequency floors is established by combining the social force model (SFM) and a pedestrian load model. Next, a computational model for human-induced vibration of high-frequency floors is developed, taking into account human-structure interaction (HSI). A high-frequency floor with a fundamental frequency of 10.35 Hz is tested to validate the reasonableness of the computational model when applied to different layout configurations. Finally, the serviceability of the floor with different layout forms under random crowd walking conditions is evaluated using the global assessment method for human-induced vibration, with probabilistic results provided. The results show that for human-induced vibration problem in high-frequency floors, the influence of high-order vibration modes must be considered. Under the random walking conditions for five people, the dynamic response of the floor with different layouts is reduced after considering HIS, with a maximum reduction of 13.33% in peak acceleration and a maximum reduction of 12% in probability value of serviceability. The serviceability of the floor varies with the different layout configuration. Specifically, the probability of serviceability problems is highest for the floor with a discussion room layout, followed by the classroom layout, with the meeting room layout the lowest probability.

human-induced vibration serviceability  /  high frequency floor  /  layout form of items  /  crowd random load model  /  human-structure interaction  /  global assessment method
蒲兴龙, 何天虎, 朱前坤. 考虑室内布局影响的高频楼盖人致振动舒适度全域评估. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (2) : 310 -320 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.010
Xinglong PU, Tianhu HE, Qiankun ZHU. Global assessment of human-induced vibration serviceability in high-frequency floors considering the influence of indoor layout[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (2) : 310 -320 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.010
近年来,随着轻质、高强材料的大量使用以及建筑功能的需求提升,结构人致振动问题也日益突出[1-4]。行人荷载可能会使得结构产生共振,从而使得振动响应被显著放大,产生人致振动舒适度问题,甚至有时会导致行人出现恐慌。通常将10 Hz作为低频与高频楼盖的截止频率,甚至更低[5-7]。目前,对于楼盖人致振动的相关研究主要集中于低频结构[8-9],而作为具有公共使用功能的楼盖,如教室、办公室等,由于跨度与材料使用等因素,高频楼盖占据多数,但已有研究证明高频楼盖依然会出现人致振动舒适度问题[510-11]。并且,楼盖上布置物品是楼盖使用功能的普遍特征,物品的不同布局形式是影响行人行走方向和速度的主要因素,合理的物品布局形式将为楼盖的适用性带来良好的效果。所以,研究人致荷载作用下具有不同物品布局形式的高频楼盖舒适度问题具有重要意义。
在楼盖人群振动计算中,人群是产生人数荷载的主要来源。因此,针对各类建筑场景进行精确的人群模拟显得尤为重要。目前,对于人群行走的研究主要基于现代计算机技术进行数字仿真模拟,常见模型主要有离散空间模型和连续空间模型,具有代表性的模型主要有元胞自动机模型(CAM)[12-13]和社会力模型(SFM)[14-15]。这些模型解决了人群模拟中的一些问题,但是元胞自动机模型强调时间离散和位置离散,需要制定一系列规则才能够反映行人群体的行为,对人类行为描述具有一些局限性[1216]。而社会力模型可以连续描述人群运动过程中不同个体之间、个体与外界环境之间的相互作用[17-18],这是得到更为真实的人群模拟的关键。再者,物品作为楼盖包含的环境因素是室内必不可少的,不同的物品摆放形式可以将楼盖进行区域划分,从而达到行人导流的作用[18]。TIAN等[19]分析了教室座位的不同摆放形式对人群离开教室运动时间的影响。然而,以上对于考虑建筑环境的人群运动的研究虽然考虑了建筑室内的障碍物,但更多的是通过改变人群密度、行走速度等因素分析人群离开房间所需的时间,没有将人群模拟与结构振动相结合,没有考虑人群运动时障碍物的摆放位置对结构振动的影响。
此外,在对人致振动数值进行计算时,将行人荷载以傅里叶形式施加至结构进行计算,忽略行人与结构之间的相互作用,会导致振动响应值偏大,使得结构设计过于保守[20]。在对结构人致振动舒适度进行评估时,学者们以行人荷载模型为起点,通过单人、多人荷载作用于结构,对结构人致振动进行研究。现有研究主要通过求解动力方程计算结构的动力响应[21],并对结构在人致荷载作用下的动力响应进行实测[8-9],从而评估结构舒适度。对行人行走路径的选择更多的是通过给定路径的形式,缺少人群荷载的随机性。为了体现行走的随机性,MUHAMMAD等[22]通过建立随机荷载模型,给出用于振动舒适度评估的统计空间响应方法。ZHU等[23]为研究人群的随机性,采用社会力模型模拟人群行走,评估了结构人致振动舒适度。然而,以上研究对于结构人致振动舒适度的评估均采用结构特殊点的动力响应,以点概面,缺少全面性。而人群行走与跑动路径具有随机性,使得结构产生的动力响应更为复杂。采用一点的动力响应评估结构人致振动舒适度,可能导致评估结果欠佳。因此,为了更为全面地评估结构不同区域的舒适度,有必要采用一种能够反映结构全域人致振动舒适度的评估方法,可为必要区域的振动控制提供相应依据。
为了研究人群荷载下的高频楼盖人致振动现象,以及障碍物的不同布局形式对楼盖人致振动的影响,本文选用某教室的高频楼盖,通过SFM模拟人群在不同布局形式的室内楼盖上随机行走。将模拟的人群行走结果与行人荷载模型相结合,考虑人群荷载的高阶谐波,建立了人群-楼盖相互作用耦合模型。通过室内物品的不同布局形式,研究了障碍物对人群运动中楼盖振动的影响。并采用人致振动舒适度全域评估方法对楼盖舒适度进行了评估,以概率的方式给出了不同布局形式下楼盖的舒适度情况。
随机人群荷载模型的建立是研究随机人群激励下楼盖动力响应的首要工作。建立合理的随机人群荷载模型需要得到人群质量、步频以及行进速度等参数。为了体现人群荷载的随机性,本文采用社会力模型模拟行人运动,得到人群质量、步频及行进速度等随机参数,人群初始位置随机分布。结合考虑前5阶谐波的单人竖向连续步行荷载模型,建立高频楼盖人群随机荷载模型。
采用SFM不断描述人群行走的过程以及人群如何克服主要障碍,这些数据是获得随机荷载信息的关键。SFM将行人的运动表达为力,SFM中相关力的表示如下:
式中,mivi分别为行人i的质量和速度;t为行人行走时间;fD为来自期望方向的力;fij为单个行人之间的相互作用力;fiW为行人和相邻障碍物之间的力,W为影响行人行走的障碍物的数量。图1为SFM的示意图。
VENUTI等[24]提出了行人行走频率fp(t)与行走速度vp(t)的关系,如下式所示:
对于单向的行人行走速度可直接采用式(2)计算行人步频,但对于行人在行走过程中具有双向速度时,需要对式(2)中的vp进行修正。由于本文模拟行人在楼盖上的行走,行人在行走过程中会产生双向速度,因此对vp进行了修正,表示为,其中vxvy分别为行人在xy方向上产生的行进速度,由社会力模型得到。
行人对楼盖产生的激励主要为竖向激励,可以表示为傅里叶级数形式[25]
式中,G=mpg为行人体重,其中,mp为行人p的质量,g为重力加速度;N表示结构上的行人数量,随着行人离开房间而变化;αγ为动载因子,前5阶取值分别为:α1=0.2358fp-0.2010,α2=0.0949,α3=0.0523,α4=0.0461,α5=0.0339;γ为计算采用的谐波项数;λ表示谐波项总数;φγ为相位角,竖向各阶相位角的建议取值如下:第1、4、5阶相位角取值分别为-π/4、π/4、-π/4,其余各阶相位角均取为0[26]
在考虑行人-结构相互作用时,学者们将人体等效为具有质量、刚度、阻尼的生物力学模型[27],以往的生物力学模型大多是基于刚性地面的测试结果。由于行人在楼盖上的行走会引起楼盖振动,进一步会导致行人在行走过程中动力参数发生变化。因此,本文采用改进后的行人生物力学模型[28],特点在于改进后的行人生物力学模型是在人致结构振动的基础上进行的测试结果,考虑了结构振动对于人体动力参数的影响。具体表示为:
在进行人体动力参数初步计算时,取fmd=fm,其中fm为行人的自振频率。当计算结果ξp≥20%时,,代入式(6)继续计算ξp,直到计算结果收敛。ch=2ξpfmdmhmhchkh分别表示行人等效后的质量、阻尼和刚度。
图2为随机人群-结构耦合计算模型示意图,Fi(t),i=1,2,…,Np为单个行人荷载。图2中,Lb分别为板的长度和宽度,FNp(t)为行人Np产生的荷载,mhNpkhNpchNp分别为行人Np等效后的质量、刚度、阻尼,ξNpμNp分别为行人Np在楼盖上的xy坐标。通过整体的动力平衡建立随机人群-结构耦合计算模型。人群-楼盖相互作用耦合控制方程可以表示为:
式中,Np为人群数量;w(xyt)为板的位移函数;mhikhichi分别表示行人i等效后的质量、刚度和阻尼;uhi为行人i的位移函数;ξi(t)=vxitμi(t)=vyit为行人it时刻的位置坐标,其中vxivyi分别为行人ixy方向上的速度;ρ为板的密度;h为板厚;c为板的黏滞阻尼系数;DxDy分别为薄板绕xy轴的抗弯刚度;H为有效抗扭刚度;δ(x-ξi)和δ(y-μi)为Dirac函数。
行人动力平衡方程可写为:
采用振型分解法求解随机人群-结构耦合计算模型,设,其中,n为板的振型数,Wn(xy)为板的振型函数,qn(t)为时变广义坐标。将w(xyt)代入式(7),对板面积积分并应用正交关系可以得到:
式中,Mnζnωn分别为第n阶模态的质量、阻尼比和圆频率;Fn(t)为振型力;Mn=ρhLb/4;ζn=c/(2ρhωn);ωn=2πfn,其中fn为楼盖的第n阶自振频率,可由式(7)简化为板的自由振动方程,通过DxDyH组成的表达式计算得到,可参见文献[29]。由于本文中楼盖频率直接由实验测得,故直接将测得的楼盖频率代入式(9)进行计算。
同理,将w(xyt)代入式(8),可以得到:
将式(9)和(10)表示为矩阵形式:
式中,MCΚ分别为耦合系统的质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵;UÜF分别为位移、速度、加速度和力向量。
采用Newmark-β法求解结构动力响应。图3为随机人群-结构耦合计算模型流程图。
为了体现人致振动计算模型具有一般性,本节通过仿真和实验相互对比,验证计算模型的正确性。
楼盖的振动模态参数是动力计算的首要工作。本文选用学校教学楼中跨度较大的楼盖作为研究对象。楼盖具体参数为L=12 m,b=9.6 m,h=0.12 m的钢筋混凝土楼盖。选用DASP模态测试软件和941B传感器对楼盖的模态进行测试。采样频率为256 Hz,采样时间设置为15 min,采用随机子空间法对采样数据进行分析。图4为楼盖上传感器布置位置及现场测试图。通过测试得到楼盖前5阶振动频率,如表1所示。楼盖基频为10.35 Hz,该值大于10 Hz,因此该楼盖为高频楼盖。
楼盖上存在不同障碍物是楼盖的使用特点。因此,在楼盖上放置障碍物说明高频楼盖人致振动计算模型的一般性和适用性。本文将4组课桌放置在教室内模拟障碍物,并进行了不同行人数量的相关实验。考虑篇幅原因,为说明高频楼盖同样存在人致振动问题,主要对5人实验工况结果进行分析。5位行人的初始位置在楼盖上随机分布,并由初始位置随机行走至出口。图5为现场实验测试。
同样,采用SFM模拟5人在与实验一致的环境中随机行走的过程。图6为仿真室内物品摆放平面图。图7为其中一组行人轨迹仿真结果,可以看出,SFM完全能够模拟行人因遇到障碍物而采取的绕行措施,这证实了SFM的良好适用性。
由于行人行走的随机性,通过仿真和实验得到5人随机行走的各40组结果。在仿真计算动力响应时,取楼盖阻尼比ξ=0.025,ρ=2550 kg/m3。实验中单个课桌的重量为10.5 kg,每组由9个课桌组成,计算得到障碍物的总质量为378 kg,仅占楼盖质量的1.07%。因此,本文在仿真计算中忽略了障碍物的质量。图8为其中一组仿真和实验加速度a随时间t的变化曲线,两者加速度峰值相差2.28%,满足误差要求。对于40组仿真和实验结果分别统计了加速度响应峰值,仿真结果加速度峰值的均值为0.0556 m/s2,实验结果加速度峰值的均值为0.0558 m/s2,两者相差0.35%。由此说明,高频楼盖人致振动计算模型的准确性。通过对比发现,两者均值均超出了《建筑楼盖结构振动舒适度技术标准》(JGJ/T 441—2019)[30]中规定的舒适度限值(0.05 m/s2)。这仅仅是5人随机行走的结果,说明高频楼盖容易产生人致振动舒适度问题。
对5人随机行走实验得到的动力响应采用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)。图9为不同分量的频率f与傅里叶谱值Fa),图中IMF表示动力响应分解后的分量数。从图9中可以看出,傅里叶谱图包括了行人步频和步频的倍频以及楼盖各阶频率,其中2.1252 Hz为行人步频,位于2.1252~10.5007 Hz之间的频率为行人步频的倍频,10.5007、12.6258、15.5010、19.7513和24.5641 Hz分别位于楼盖第1、3、4、5和6阶频率附近。图中17.5636 Hz为行人步频的倍频。可以看出,行人步频激起了楼盖的不同模态。
图10为采用仿真模拟行走时楼盖频率f与傅里叶谱值Fa)。其中2.1484 Hz为行人步频,位于2.1484~10.1074 Hz之间的频率为行人步频的倍频。在频率为10.1074 Hz时,振动幅值最大,且该频率接近楼盖基频10.35 Hz附近。11.7676、12.4512和19.3847 Hz分别位于楼盖第2、3和5阶频率附近。结合图910可以看出,由于行人的行走,楼盖各阶频率被激起。以下为实验和模拟工况下楼盖各阶频率对应的幅值,实验:1阶为0.0045 m/s2、3阶为0.0031 m/s2和5阶为0.0015 m/s2;模拟:1阶为0.0030 m/s2、3阶为0.0016 m/s2和5阶为0.0003 m/s2。由上述数据可以看出,楼盖的模态对人致振动有不同程度的贡献,其中1阶模态的贡献是最大的,其他模态对楼盖振动的贡献值依次减小。但对于基频大于10 Hz的高频楼盖,其他阶频率已为高阶频率,其他阶模态对于楼盖振动的贡献不能忽视,从而需要考虑更多模态对楼盖振动的贡献。因此,在考虑高频楼盖的人致振动时,有必要考虑高频楼盖随机荷载模型下的人致振动计算模型。
考虑楼盖面上所有点的加速度响应,并采用相关的指标评估楼盖整个面的舒适度,本文将这种方法称为舒适度全域评估方法。目前,用来衡量舒适度的指标一般多采用加速度峰值和均方根值(RMS),相比之下,加速度峰值更为普遍。本文采用加速度峰值对楼盖进行舒适度评估。图11为人致振动舒适度全域评估方法流程图。
桌子、凳子等物品是建筑室内的必需品,物品作为障碍物会影响人的行走路径和行走频率。不同的布局形式会使得楼盖在人群荷载作用下具有不同的动力响应。障碍物的合理布置会对人群行走起到一定的导流作用,所以探讨合理的室内布局形式具有一定的实用意义。本节主要通过模拟建筑室内物品不同的布局形式分析楼盖在人群荷载作用下的动力响应,由此说明障碍物的摆放位置对楼盖振动的影响,并采用全域方法对楼盖进行了舒适度评估。为说明高频楼盖会出现舒适度问题的原因,因此选择了5人随机行走的结果进行了主要的分析。对不同布局形式下的5人随机行走模拟100次,采用蒙特卡罗法计算楼盖不同区域舒适度发生的概率。计算楼盖动力响应时考虑楼盖前5阶振型,加速度时程全域评估结果以均值给出。本节不同物品布局形式分析工况在图12中展示。表2为不同布局形式障碍物信息。
不同的布局形式有各自的特点。一般来说,会议室具有的特点是会议桌放置于楼盖的中心位置。研讨室作为学习和讨论的场所,与会议室相比,障碍物的布局更加分散。图6中给出了研讨室的布局信息。相比之下,教室里的障碍物数量更多,而且与会议室和研讨室相比,障碍物的布置更加密集。图13为公共教室物品摆放平面图。
图14为不同布局形式下5人随机行走楼盖加速度峰值全域结果。观察空教室楼盖加速度峰值全域结果(图14(a)),楼盖跨中区域加速度峰值最大,为0.052 m/s2,可见该区域存在舒适度问题。由楼盖中心位置向楼盖边界位置移动,楼盖舒适度程度逐渐增加,与实际情况相符。观察会议室楼盖加速度峰值全域结果(图14(b)),发现加速度峰值最大的区域发生了变化,不再是跨中区域最大,而是分布于楼盖跨中两侧区域,最大加速度峰值为0.047 m/s2。同样与空教室布局相比,会议室布局的最大加速度峰值减小了9.62%,说明会议室布局有减小楼盖振动的作用。从会议室内的物品布局形式可以看出,行人以出口作为目标点时,为绕开放置在楼盖跨中区域的障碍物,行走路径会发生改变,由此沿着楼盖边界区域到达出口。
由研讨室布局形式下的楼盖加速度峰值全域结果(图14(c))可以看出,楼盖最大加速度峰值为0.063 m/s2,相比空教室和会议室分别增加21.15%和34.04%。这是由于障碍物放置在偏于楼盖边界位置处,导致楼盖跨中存在较大的空间,行人在行走过程中更加偏向于较大空间,使得在楼盖中间区域通过的行人较多,这一现象可以从研讨室行人轨迹热图(图15)中观察得到。由于楼盖跨中区域是振幅较大位置,从而引起楼盖产生较大的动力响应。
观察公共教室布局形式下的楼盖加速度峰值全域结果(图14(d)),最大加速度峰值为0.058 m/s2,与会议室布局相比加速度峰值增加23.40%。与研讨室相比加速度峰值降低7.94%。与空教室布局相比,虽然最大加速度峰值相差较小,但楼盖加速度峰值大于0.05 m/s2的区域面积小于空教室。由此说明,公共教室的布局形式减小了楼盖出现振动舒适度问题的区域面积。原因在于室内物品的增多和整齐的摆放减小了楼盖跨中的空旷区域,并且与研讨室和空教室相比,公共教室布局形式增多了室内走道数量,对行人的行走进行了分流,由此减小了楼盖的振动,达到一定的缓解作用。进一步也发现,布局形式的不同,使得加速度峰值超出舒适度限值的区域位置和形状也有所不同。
图16为不同布局形式下是否考虑行人-结构相互作用的楼盖最大加速度峰值amax对比。可以看出,当考虑行人-结构相互作用后,楼盖加速度峰值有一定的减小,空教室布局减小13.33%,会议室布局减小6%,研讨室布局减小10%,公共教室布局减小3.33%。因此,在进行楼盖人致振动评估时需要考虑行人与结构之间的相互作用。
图17为不同布局形式下的楼盖不同区域加速度峰值超出舒适度限值的概率值,图中深红色区域为楼盖最易出现舒适度问题的位置,概率值最大。不同布局形式的最大概率值分别为:空教室64%,会议室47%,研讨室78%以及公共教室58%。可以看出,会议室的概率值最小。由此也验证了会议室中障碍物的布置使得行人行走路径避开了楼盖最不利振动位置,从而减小了楼盖的人致振动。
图18给出了不同布局形式下是否考虑行人-结构相互作用的楼盖加速度峰值超出舒适度限值的最大概率值Pmax。可以看出,在考虑行人-结构相互作用后,研讨室与公共教室布局出现舒适度问题的最大概率值下降最大,均为12%;空教室次之,为6%;会议室布局最大概率值下降最小,为3%。对于不同的布局形式,概率值的减小呈现出差异性,这与行人的行走路径有关。由于空教室中不存在障碍物,行人对于路径的选择不会受到障碍物的影响,使得行人步频杂乱,导致行人与结构之间的相互作用减弱。会议室中由于障碍物的存在,行人为绕过障碍物选择沿楼盖边界行走,因此造成的楼盖振动较小。而研讨室中障碍物的布局导致楼盖中间位置存在较大空间,行人对路径的选择存在重复性,使得人员聚集造成行人同频现象。在公共教室中,障碍物的设置将行人进行分流,但有限的走道数量同样使得行人聚集出现行人同频现象。由此说明,在考虑不同布局形式下的楼盖人致振动舒适度问题时,考虑行人与结构之间的相互作用会使楼盖的振动减小。并且,行人聚集引起的步频同频现象会使得这种相互作用更加明显。
为说明5人随机行走下结论的一般性,采用同样的方法,选择30人在文中所列布局形式中随机行走,并进行了100次模拟计算,得到楼盖加速度峰值超过舒适度限制的概率以及楼盖出现舒适度问题区域的面积。在不同布局形式下,楼盖极不舒适区域发生的概率为100%,超过舒适度限制的楼盖区域面积分别为:空教室布局63.17 m2,会议室布局61.60 m2,研讨室布局71.78 m2以及公共教室布局68.82 m2。由此可以看出,在文中所列具有障碍物的布局形式中,会议室布局形式楼盖舒适度程度最好,公共教室次之,研讨室舒适度程度最低。
由以上分析可以看出,在对高频楼盖进行人致振动舒适度评估时,不仅要考虑行人与结构之间的相互作用,而且要考虑室内物品布局形式对楼盖振动的影响。
本文分析了室内物品的不同布局形式对高频楼盖人致振动的影响。通过采用SFM模拟行人随机行走得到高频楼盖随机荷载模型,在考虑行人-结构相互作用的基础上,建立高频楼盖人致振动计算模型,将仿真和实验结果相对比,验证了计算模型的正确性。采用舒适度全域评估方法对不同布局形式的楼盖进行舒适度评估,评估结果以加速度峰值全域图的方式给出,并给出了楼盖不同区域发生舒适度问题的概率值,通过分析得到以下结论:
(1)高频楼盖会因人致振动出现舒适度问题,并且在计算人致振动响应时需要考虑楼盖更多振型。通过计算发现,基频为10.35 Hz的楼盖仅在5人随机行走时,不同布局形式下出现舒适度问题的概率在47%~78%之间。并且随机人群的行走会激起楼盖更多的振型,在计算时不能忽视。
(2)人致振动舒适度全域评估方法是一种更为全面的评估措施。该方法可以考虑楼盖整个面域内的振动反应,评估结果体现了楼盖每个网格点的加速度峰值,对楼盖振动舒适度评估结果更加全面。
(3)在对楼盖进行舒适度评估时需要考虑行人与结构之间的相互作用,这种相互作用在行人同频时更为明显。算例中考虑行人与结构之间的相互作用后,不同布局形式下的楼盖加速度峰值最大减小13.33%,出现舒适度问题的最大概率值减小12%。
(4)室内物品的不同布局形式对人致振动作用下楼盖的振动大小和振动区域具有不同的影响。在文中选用的不同布局形式中,会议室布局形式楼盖舒适度程度最好,公共教室次之,研讨室舒适度程度最低。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52168041)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51868046)
  • 甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA557)
  • 甘肃省研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX-449)
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.010
  • 接收时间:2023-02-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-09
  • 修回日期:2023-04-19
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52168041)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51868046)
甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA557)
甘肃省研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX-449)
作者信息
    1.兰州理工大学防震减灾研究所,甘肃 兰州 730050
    2.河西学院土木工程学院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    3.兰州理工大学理学院,甘肃 兰州 730050

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蒲兴龙(1992—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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