Article(id=1228295810748711418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677427200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-27, revisedDate=1688832000000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778141914, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778141914, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778141914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778141914, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295801890336965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='223', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778139803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949100774, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=279, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295811029729794, articleId=1228295810748711418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Wind-induced fatigue damage analysis of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure considering the effect of occluding hills, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In complex hilly terrain, the wind field around interfered hills is influenced by nearby hills, which affects the wind-induced fatigue damage of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure. Therefore, the effect of occluding hills must be considered in the analysis of wind-induced fatigue. In order to analyze the influence of occluding hills on the wind-induced fatigue damage of the transmission structure in complex hilly terrain, wind tunnel tests on the wind filed characteristics of complex hilly terrain were first conducted. Based on the test results, the variation of the mean velocity correction factor and the fluctuating velocity correction factor of the wind field around interfered hills, with different slopes, heights and interval distances of occluding hills, were studied, and a corresponding distribution model was proposed. Next, a nonlinear finite element model for wind-induced vibration of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure considering the effect of occluding hills was established using the nonlinear finite element method. Then the time domain rain-flow method and the Miner’s linear cumulative damage theory were applied to estimate the wind-induced damage to the structure. Finally, a two-span tension suspension-braced transmission structure was selected as a case study, and considering the effect of occluding hills, the wind-induced fatigue damage was analyzed using the proposed model. The results show that: the fatigue damage in each part increases initially and then decreases as the slope of the occluding hills increases. The heights of occluding hills have little effect on the fatigue damage of each part, with no obvious trend. When the interval distances between occluding hills is between 0 m and 600 m, the fatigue damage in each part gradually decreases as the distance increases. However, when the interval distance is between 600 m and 800 m, the fatigue damage of each part suddenly increases as the distance increases. Under the influence of the same occluding hill, the fatigue damage of the end of the conductor and the supporting-conductor suspension cable is greater than that at the mid-span.

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由于受扰山体风场会受到附近其他山体的影响,处于受扰山体风场中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤需要考虑施扰山体的影响。为了分析施扰山体对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响,本文进行了复杂山地风场特性风洞试验,讨论了受扰山体风场平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数随施扰山体坡度、高度和间距的变化规律,并提出了相应的分布模型;基于非线性有限元理论,建立了考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振非线性有限元模型;采用雨流计数法和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则进行疲劳损伤分析;通过本文提出的框架研究了施扰山体对某两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响。结果表明:随着施扰山体坡度的增大,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构各部位疲劳损伤呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;施扰山体高度对各部位疲劳损伤的影响较小,无明显变化规律;当施扰山体间距为0~600 m时,各部位疲劳损伤随着间距的增大而逐渐减小,当施扰山体间距为600~800 m时,各部位疲劳损伤随着间距的增大而陡然增大;在同一施扰山体影响下,支撑导线悬索和导线的端部疲劳损伤均较跨中更大。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王涛(1993—),男,博士,博士后。E-mail:
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李正良(1963—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:

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李正良(1963—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:

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李正良(1963—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:

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Engineering Mechanics,1-13[2024-07-09]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2595.O3.20230821.1823.006.html., articleTitle=Wind-induced vibration response of tension suspensionbraced transmission structure in hilly terrain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228313073002414659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=325, pageEnd=332, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=39, authorNames=晏致涛, 黄静文, 李正良, journalName=工程力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=晏致涛,黄静文,李正良.基于结点6自由度的分裂导线有限元模型[J].工程力学2012,29(8):325-332., articleTitle=基于结点6自由度的分裂导线有限元模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228313073077912132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=325, pageEnd=332, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=YAN Zhitao, HUANG Jingwen, LI Zhengliang, journalName=Engineering Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN ZhitaoHUANG JingwenLI Zhengliang. 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figureFileBig=wjAXiSK5a5FpsFPjrz16Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228313065389752769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The number and size of test hill models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
山体类别山体模型编号h/mmL1/mm
施扰山体DX1100200
DX2150150
DX3150200
DX4150300
DX5150400
DX6150500
DX7200400
受扰山体DI150150
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试验山体模型编号及尺寸

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山体类别山体模型编号h/mmL1/mm
施扰山体DX1100200
DX2150150
DX3150200
DX4150300
DX5150400
DX6150500
DX7200400
受扰山体DI150150
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Test conditions

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工况编号施扰山体编号施扰山体间距/mm堵塞比/%
DS1DX202.30
DS2DX33.06
DS3DX44.59
DS4DX56.12
DS5DX67.65
DH1DX102.56
DH2DX44.59
DH3DX78.16
DL1DX202.30
DL2200
DL3400
DL4600
DL5800
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试验工况

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工况编号施扰山体编号施扰山体间距/mm堵塞比/%
DS1DX202.30
DS2DX33.06
DS3DX44.59
DS4DX56.12
DS5DX67.65
DH1DX102.56
DH2DX44.59
DH3DX78.16
DL1DX202.30
DL2200
DL3400
DL4600
DL5800
), ArticleFig(id=1228313065779823049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Physical parameters

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结构部件截面积/mm2直径/mm单位长度重量/(kg·m-1)弹性模量/(N·mm-2)
支撑导线悬索766.5366.071.8×105
输电导线425.2426.821.356.5×104
), ArticleFig(id=1228313065893069261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构部件截面积/mm2直径/mm单位长度重量/(kg·m-1)弹性模量/(N·mm-2)
支撑导线悬索766.5366.071.8×105
输电导线425.2426.821.356.5×104
), ArticleFig(id=1228313066010509776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Parameter values of the wind field

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参数取值参数取值
截断频率/(rad·s-1)地面粗糙度系数α0.15
频率离散点数2048x方向衰减系数8
持时/s512y方向衰减系数16
时间步长/s0.125z方向衰减系数10
), ArticleFig(id=1228313067403018706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

风场模拟参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值参数取值
截断频率/(rad·s-1)地面粗糙度系数α0.15
频率离散点数2048x方向衰减系数8
持时/s512y方向衰减系数16
时间步长/s0.125z方向衰减系数10
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Fatigue damage under DS1 condition

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疲劳分析部位疲劳损伤/×10-7
考虑施扰山体影响不考虑施扰山体影响
悬索A点8.876.97
悬索B点4.261.82
导线C点52.0510.38
导线D点12.059.76
导线E点31.888.19
), ArticleFig(id=1228313067591762391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

DS1工况的疲劳损伤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疲劳分析部位疲劳损伤/×10-7
考虑施扰山体影响不考虑施扰山体影响
悬索A点8.876.97
悬索B点4.261.82
导线C点52.0510.38
导线D点12.059.76
导线E点31.888.19
), ArticleFig(id=1228313067717591512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Fatigue damage under the influence of different occluding hills

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工况编号疲劳损伤/×10-7
悬索A点悬索B点导线C点导线D点导线E点
DS18.874.2652.0512.0531.88
DS25.742.3912.109.139.70
DS33.261.696.703.251.61
DS44.402.088.426.204.87
DS53.182.0512.713.766.40
DH19.194.2924.345.625.14
DH25.342.3713.915.472.86
DH35.832.497.558.035.68
DL120.633.9481.2026.2624.18
DL26.424.6315.7712.688.95
DL36.042.069.532.606.00
DL42.500.992.601.570.63
DL55.363.515.122.542.52
), ArticleFig(id=1228313067814060507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295810748711418, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同施扰山体影响下的疲劳损伤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况编号疲劳损伤/×10-7
悬索A点悬索B点导线C点导线D点导线E点
DS18.874.2652.0512.0531.88
DS25.742.3912.109.139.70
DS33.261.696.703.251.61
DS44.402.088.426.204.87
DS53.182.0512.713.766.40
DH19.194.2924.345.625.14
DH25.342.3713.915.472.86
DH35.832.497.558.035.68
DL120.633.9481.2026.2624.18
DL26.424.6315.7712.688.95
DL36.042.069.532.606.00
DL42.500.992.601.570.63
DL55.363.515.122.542.52
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考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析
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李正良 1, 2 , 王邦杰 1 , 王涛 3, 4
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(2): 279-291
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(2): 279-291
考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析
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李正良1, 2 , 王邦杰1, 王涛3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆 400045
  • 2.重庆大学风工程及风资源利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400045
  • 3.哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
  • 4.哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院,重庆 401151
  • 李正良(1963—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王涛(1993—),男,博士,博士后。E-mail:
Wind-induced fatigue damage analysis of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure considering the effect of occluding hills
Zhengliang LI1, 2 , Bangjie WANG1, Tao WANG3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
  • 2.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Resources Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
  • 3.School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
  • 4.Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401151, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.007
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由于受扰山体风场会受到附近其他山体的影响,处于受扰山体风场中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤需要考虑施扰山体的影响。为了分析施扰山体对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响,本文进行了复杂山地风场特性风洞试验,讨论了受扰山体风场平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数随施扰山体坡度、高度和间距的变化规律,并提出了相应的分布模型;基于非线性有限元理论,建立了考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振非线性有限元模型;采用雨流计数法和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则进行疲劳损伤分析;通过本文提出的框架研究了施扰山体对某两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响。结果表明:随着施扰山体坡度的增大,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构各部位疲劳损伤呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;施扰山体高度对各部位疲劳损伤的影响较小,无明显变化规律;当施扰山体间距为0~600 m时,各部位疲劳损伤随着间距的增大而逐渐减小,当施扰山体间距为600~800 m时,各部位疲劳损伤随着间距的增大而陡然增大;在同一施扰山体影响下,支撑导线悬索和导线的端部疲劳损伤均较跨中更大。

悬索支撑输电结构  /  风振疲劳损伤  /  Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则  /  复杂山地风场  /  施扰山体

In complex hilly terrain, the wind field around interfered hills is influenced by nearby hills, which affects the wind-induced fatigue damage of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure. Therefore, the effect of occluding hills must be considered in the analysis of wind-induced fatigue. In order to analyze the influence of occluding hills on the wind-induced fatigue damage of the transmission structure in complex hilly terrain, wind tunnel tests on the wind filed characteristics of complex hilly terrain were first conducted. Based on the test results, the variation of the mean velocity correction factor and the fluctuating velocity correction factor of the wind field around interfered hills, with different slopes, heights and interval distances of occluding hills, were studied, and a corresponding distribution model was proposed. Next, a nonlinear finite element model for wind-induced vibration of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure considering the effect of occluding hills was established using the nonlinear finite element method. Then the time domain rain-flow method and the Miner’s linear cumulative damage theory were applied to estimate the wind-induced damage to the structure. Finally, a two-span tension suspension-braced transmission structure was selected as a case study, and considering the effect of occluding hills, the wind-induced fatigue damage was analyzed using the proposed model. The results show that: the fatigue damage in each part increases initially and then decreases as the slope of the occluding hills increases. The heights of occluding hills have little effect on the fatigue damage of each part, with no obvious trend. When the interval distances between occluding hills is between 0 m and 600 m, the fatigue damage in each part gradually decreases as the distance increases. However, when the interval distance is between 600 m and 800 m, the fatigue damage of each part suddenly increases as the distance increases. Under the influence of the same occluding hill, the fatigue damage of the end of the conductor and the supporting-conductor suspension cable is greater than that at the mid-span.

suspension-braced transmission structure  /  wind-induced fatigue damage  /  Miner’s linear fatigue cumulative damage theory  /  complex hilly terrain wind field  /  occluding hill
李正良, 王邦杰, 王涛. 考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (2) : 279 -291 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.007
Zhengliang LI, Bangjie WANG, Tao WANG. Wind-induced fatigue damage analysis of the tension suspension-braced transmission structure considering the effect of occluding hills[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (2) : 279 -291 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.007
随着社会经济的持续发展,社会对电力的需求不断攀升,输电工程不断建设,架设在复杂山地地形中的输电线路日益增多。然而,由于传统输电塔-线体系[1]的输电线路走廊和塔位选择愈发受山地地形限制,电力行业开始探索适用于复杂山地地形的新型输电结构。其中,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构为适用于复杂山地地形的一种新型输电结构,如图1所示。显然,该输电结构为大跨、高柔结构,其对风荷载作用较为敏感,容易发生风振疲劳破坏。因此,有必要对复杂山地地形中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构进行风振疲劳损伤分析。
欲进行复杂山地地形中耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的风振疲劳损伤分析,需首先确定复杂山地地形中的风场风速特性。复杂山地地形中风场风速特性的研究方法常采用现场观测和风洞试验等。当前,基于现场观测[2-6]的山区风场特性研究多集中于桥梁工程领域,如邹云峰等[2]、张明金等[3]、黄国庆等[4]、沈炼等[5]、朱乐东等[6]针对各类山区桥址所处的风场进行了现场监测,为山区风场特性的研究积累了丰富的数据。然而,上述现场实测研究主要反映桥址所在特定地形下的风场特性且主要考察峡谷风场的特性,并未建立越山风对应的山地风场模型。相比而言,风洞试验[7]具有可重复、多山体工况等特点,能够获得不同山体工况下的风场特性数据。因此,进行复杂山地地形风场特性风洞试验研究,对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的抗风设计具有重要意义。山地风场与平地风场风速特性的区别主要体现在加速效应上[7]。针对单个山体各位置平均风速的加速效应,国内外学者[8-14]开展了一系列理论分析和风洞试验研究,得到了丰硕的研究成果,为后续研究奠定了良好的基础。不过,复杂山地地形由许多山体组成,其加速效应不能仅考虑单个山体的影响。在单个山体研究的基础上,MILLER等[15]在风洞试验中研究了连续12个二维山体的加速效应,并与不规则地形的加速效应进行了比较。KIM等[16-17]探讨了多个复杂山体表面风场风速特性的规律,指出加速效应会受到附近其他山体的影响。不难发现,上述研究局限于二维山体风场风速特性,对于多个三维山体的复杂山地地形风场的研究少有涉及。
获取复杂山地地形中风场风速特性之后,建立耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析框架成为另一个关键问题。结构风振疲劳分析可分为时域法[18-19]和频域法[20-22],时域法主要为雨流计数法,频域法则包含等效应力法、等效窄带法和等效宽带法等。频域法计算效率较高,而雨流计数法的计算结果更加精确。针对传统的输电塔-线体系,研究者通过雨流计数法与Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则进行了风致疲劳损伤分析[1923]。然而,有关复杂山地地形中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的风振疲劳损伤分析鲜有文献报道。
为此,本文首先通过复杂山地风场风洞特性试验,分析了受扰山体风场风速特性,讨论了平均风速和脉动风速特性随施扰山体坡度、高度和间距的变化规律,并提出了平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数的分布模型;然后基于非线性有限元方法建立了考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振非线性有限元模型;结合雨流计数法和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则进行风振疲劳分析;最后以某两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构为例,分析了施扰山体对各部位风振疲劳损伤的影响。
试验在中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所的风洞内完成,风洞截面尺寸为1.4 m×1.4 m,本次风洞试验示意图如图2所示。采用尖劈和粗糙元模拟B类地面粗糙度[24]大气边界层风场,试验模型的几何缩尺比为1∶1000,最大堵塞比为8.16%。在试验过程中,采用排管和电子扫描阀采集试验数据,采样频率为156.25 Hz。值得说明的是,HUNT[25]根据研究指出,对于低矮建筑最大容许的堵塞比为10%,虽然试验中少数山体模型的堵塞比略微超过5%,但其尺寸符合低矮建筑的特点,堵塞比为8.16%对相应模型的风洞试验结果影响较小。
图3(a)为复杂山地地形中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构,本文试验选用余弦型山体模型模拟施扰山体和受扰山体,如图3(b)所示,图中r表示水平距离,h为施扰山体高度,L1为施扰山体山顶到h/2高度处的水平距离。试验山体模型编号及尺寸如表1所示。试验工况及对应的堵塞比如表2所示,施扰山体分为三类工况:施扰山体坡度工况DS1~DS5、施扰山体高度工况DH1~DH3和施扰山体间距工况DL1~DL5。所有工况中来流平均风速均为15 m/s,受扰山体均为DI,且均以受扰山体山顶处和背风面山脚处为采集位置。采集位置沿高度方向等间距布置20个测点,受扰山体测点布置如图3(b)所示。
相较于平地某高度处的平均风速,山地地形中同一高度处的平均风速有所增大,一般在山顶近地面增大幅度最为明显。因此,在山地风场研究中,常采用平均风加速比这一无量纲参数来定量描述加速效应。类似地,本文采用平均风修正系数ΔS衡量施扰山体对受扰山体风场中平均风速的影响:
式中,U(z)为山地地面以上z高度处的平均风速;U0(z)为平地地面以上z高度处的参考平均风速。
本文通过试验结果分析讨论施扰山体对采集位置处ΔS的影响,并给出相应的计算模型。
(1)受扰山体山顶
施扰山体坡度对ΔS的影响如图4所示。图4(a)为受扰山体山顶ΔS分布,不难发现,在158 mm高度以下,同一高度处的ΔS随着施扰山体坡度的增大而增大。在158 mm高度以上,ΔS则呈现相反的情况,即施扰山体坡度在增大,而ΔS随之减小。ΔS最大值出现在近地面处,随着所处高度的增大,ΔS逐渐减小。另外,从图4中可以看出,随着施扰山体坡度的增大,堵塞比小于5%工况ΔS的变化规律与堵塞比大于5%工况ΔS的变化规律基本一致。
基于风洞试验数据,考虑施扰山体坡度影响的受扰山体山顶ΔS计算模型为:
式中,hd为受扰山体高度;ΔSmaxA可分别表示为:
式中,A为指数分布参数。
(2)受扰山体背风面山脚
受扰山体背风面山脚ΔS分布如图4(b)所示,当施扰山体h/L1<0.75时,在158 mm高度以下,ΔS为负值,且随着施扰山体坡度的增大而增大,在158 mm高度以上,ΔS为正值,施扰山体愈加陡峭,ΔS越小。当施扰山体h/L1=0.75时,ΔS基本为0。当施扰山体h/L1>0.75时,ΔS基本为正值,且随着所处高度的增大而逐渐趋近于0。ΔS与所处高度大致呈三折线关系,可由近地面平均风修正系数ΔS1、平均风修正系数最值(包含最大值和最小值)ΔSmax及其出现高度hmax和稳定值Cs及其出现高度hst所确定。各施扰山体坡度工况的ΔShst=158 mm高度附近逐渐稳定至Cs,当施扰山体h/L1<0.75时,Cs=0.2;当施扰山体h/L1≥0.75时,Cs=0。
不同施扰山体坡度影响下的受扰山体背风面山脚ΔS计算模型为:
其中,ΔS1、ΔSmaxhmax可分别表示为:
(1)受扰山体山顶
图5(a)为不同施扰山体高度影响下的受扰山体山顶ΔS变化规律。随着施扰山体高度的增大,受扰山体山顶仅近地面ΔS(即ΔSmax)变化稍大,其余高度处ΔS变化相对较小。
在施扰山体坡度和高度的共同影响下,采用高度修正因子ηsh修正式(2)中的ΔSmax,进而可获得同时考虑施扰山体坡度和高度影响的山顶ΔS计算模型,考虑修正因子ηsh的ΔSmax为:
式中,ηsh为高度修正因子,计算公式为:
式中,HG为梯度风高度。
(2)受扰山体背风面山脚
不同施扰山体高度影响下的受扰山体背风面山脚ΔS变化规律如图5(b)所示。可以看出,相较于受扰山体山顶ΔS变化幅度,背风面山脚ΔS变化幅度较小,施扰山体高度对背风面山脚ΔS无明显影响。因此,无需对式(5)进行修正。
(1)受扰山体山顶
图6为不同施扰山体间距影响下的ΔS。由图6(a)可知,在158 mm高度以下,施扰山体间距越小,受扰山体山顶同一高度处ΔS越大,间距为0 mm时,ΔS达到最大值,但其随着间距的增大而迅速减小。在158 mm高度以上,随着间距的增大,ΔS逐渐增大。
同时考虑施扰山体坡度、高度和间距影响的受扰山体山顶ΔS计算模型可表示为:
式中,ηlc为施扰山体间距修正因子,ηlA为指数修正因子,可分别表示为:
(2)受扰山体背风面山脚
图6(b)中,除dl=0的工况外,其余工况ΔS变化趋势基本一致。在158 mm高度以下,ΔS为负值,随着施扰山体间距增大,ΔS逐渐减小。在158 mm高度以上,ΔS为正值,ΔS随着施扰山体间距增大而增大。hmax均在47 mm左右,ΔShst=158 mm高度附近逐渐稳定至0.2。当dl=0时,hmax在121 mm左右,ΔShst=158 mm高度处逐渐趋近于0。
为同时考虑施扰山体坡度、高度和间距的影响,采用间距修正因子ηl1ηlm分别修正式(5)中的ΔS1和ΔSmax
式中,ηl1为ΔS1的间距修正因子,ηlm为ΔSmax的间距修正因子,可分别表示为:
在式(5)的基础上,通过修正后的ΔS1和ΔSmax可得到同时考虑施扰山体坡度、高度和间距影响的受扰山体背风面山脚ΔS计算模型。
为衡量施扰山体对受扰山体风场中脉动风速的影响,可以采用脉动风速均方根值定义脉动风修正系数ΔSσ
式中,σ(z)为复杂山地风场中z高度处脉动风速均方根值;σ0(z)为平地风场中z高度处脉动风速均方根值。
受扰山体背风面山脚处脉动风速均方根值具有代表性[26],本文针对背风面山脚ΔSσ,探讨其在不同施扰山体坡度、高度和间距影响下的变化规律,并提出相应的计算模型。
图7为不同施扰山体坡度影响下的ΔSσ分布情况。由图7可知,当施扰山体坡度增大时,背风面山脚近地面ΔSσ和最大脉动风修正系数ΔSσmax随之逐渐减小。ΔSσ与所处高度呈多折线关系,各施扰山体坡度工况的脉动风速均方根值均会出现增大区域及峰值。增大区域的最高点高度可称为影响高度zσ,约为269 mm,出现脉动风修正系数峰值的高度可称为峰值高度zp,在121 mm左右。近地面ΔSσ较大,在121 mm之后的一段高度区域内,高度越大,ΔSσ越小,该区域最大高度约为2zp/3。另外,从图7中可以看出,随着施扰山体坡度的增大,不同堵塞比工况下ΔSσ的变化规律基本一致,这亦映证了堵塞效应对试验结果影响较小。
考虑施扰山体坡度影响的受扰山体背风面山脚ΔSσ计算模型为:
式中,ΔSσ1、ΔSσ2和ΔSσmax分别为近地面脉动风修正系数、2zp/3处脉动风修正系数和最大脉动风修正系数,可称为ΔSσ的特征参数,具体表示为:
下述将详细对不同施扰山体高度和间距影响下的ΔSσ特征参数展开讨论,通过计算ΔSσ的特征参数获得考虑施扰山体坡度、高度和间距影响的ΔSσ计算模型。
不同施扰山体高度影响下的ΔSσ变化规律如图8所示。显然,ΔSσ的特征参数基本无变化,因此,无需对式(19)进行修正。
图9反映出背风面山脚的ΔSσ变化规律,可以看出,ΔSσ1受施扰山体间距的影响较小,而ΔSσ2和ΔSσmax受施扰山体间距的影响较为明显。施扰山体间距越大,ΔSσ2和ΔSσmax越大,在dl达到400 mm及以上后,各工况的ΔSσ2和ΔSσmax基本一致。
同时考虑施扰山体坡度、高度和间距影响的ΔSσ2和ΔSσmax计算公式分别为:
式中,ηl2为ΔSσ2间距修正因子,ηlσ为ΔSσmax间距修正因子,可分别表示为:
图10为耐张型悬索支撑输电结构简化模型。图10中,hs为同一支撑悬索两端的高差;hc为同一跨输电线两端的高差;hwg为支撑地线悬索端点与对应的支撑导线悬索端点之间的高差;ls为同一支撑悬索两端的水平距离;lc为相邻支撑悬索的水平距离。在耐张型悬索支撑输电结构边界处,支撑悬索端部与固定支架的连接处简化为固定铰支座,输电线在边界处主要与相应悬索上的金具连接,连接方式为铰接,亦简化为固定铰支座。
可采用抛物线模型模拟支撑悬索和输电线的初始形状:
式中,y为计算点到起点的垂直距离;lx为计算点到起点的水平距离;lt为终点到起点的水平距离;fm为跨中弧垂,若hs = hc = 0,fm的计算公式为:
式中,q为支撑悬索或输电线单位体积内的重力荷载;σs为水平应力。
在不考虑扭转的风振响应分析中,可以忽略支撑悬索和输电线的抗弯能力和抗扭能力[27]。因此,在考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析中,支撑悬索和输电线主要考虑轴向抗拉能力。
根据耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的力学特点,其支撑悬索和输电线风振属于大变形小应变问题。结合耐张型悬索支撑输电结构受力特性,可采用考虑几何非线性效应的三维杆单元建立有限元模型。根据文献[26],耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的支撑悬索和输电线单元特性矩阵分别为:
式中,Ke为单元刚度矩阵;Me为单元质量矩阵;Ce为单元阻尼矩阵;l为变形后单元长度;l0为单元初始长度;ε为单元应变;E为弹性模量;Acs为横截面积;I3×3为3阶单位矩阵;ae为变形后单元向量;ρ为质量密度;αvβv为Rayleigh阻尼常数,可取βv=0[28]
受扰山体风场中任一点t时刻的风速Um为:
式中,U(t,ΔSσ)为考虑脉动风修正系数的脉动风速。
根据式(1),U(z)的计算公式为:
式中,U10为10 m高度处的参考平均风速;α为地面粗糙度系数;ΔS可由式(11)、(5)、(14)和(15)计算得到。
本文基于ΔSσ,结合谐波合成法[29]模拟复杂山地风场中的三维脉动风速。本文采用Davenport谱模拟平地风场脉动风速:
式中,n为频率,x=1200n/U10
结合式(18)和(34),施扰山体影响下的模拟点自谱可表示为:
其中,ΔSσ可由式(19)、(23)和(24)计算得到。
复杂山地风场中脉动风速的空间相关性采用空间相干函数表示:
式中,一般取Cx = 8、Cy = 16、Cz = 10;xi为模拟点ix向坐标,其余以此类推。
考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构有限元模型支撑悬索和输电线的单位长度风荷载计算公式为:
式中,ρair为空气密度;CD为体型系数;Am为迎风面积。进而将单元风荷载转换为单元等效节点荷载,即Fe
根据耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的单元特性矩阵和等效节点荷载向量,在基准位置处建立tt时刻的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构非线性动力方程:
式中,ttü分别为结构tt时刻的加速度向量和速度向量;MC分别为结构的质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵;ttQ0Q分别为结构tt时刻和基准位置的抗力向量;ttFtt时刻的结构等效节点荷载向量。
当Δt时间内位移增量很小时,式(38)可改写为:
式中,tQt时刻的抗力向量;tKt时刻的刚度矩阵;u为Δt的位移增量,u=ttu-tu
本文采用结合Newton-Raphson法的Newmark-β法求解式(39)所示的非线性有限元方程。
由于紊流特性的影响,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振时的材料应力会发生往复变化,在此类循环应力作用下,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构在一处或几处逐渐产生局部风振疲劳损伤。
本文采用雨流计算法由应力时程计算得到应力幅,利用S-N曲线可得到发生疲劳破坏的应力循环次数,S-N曲线的对数形式为:
式中,N为发生疲劳破坏的应力循环次数;Cm为材料疲劳参数;S0为零平均应力时的等效应力幅。
支撑悬索材料疲劳参数[18]可取C=13.84和m=3.5。而输电线材料疲劳参数[23]N≤2×107时,可取C=13.27和m=5;在N>2×107时,可取C=14.40和m=5.95。
根据Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则,结构疲劳损伤计算公式为:
式中,D为总疲劳损伤值,当D = 1时,发生疲劳破坏;k为应力幅总数;ni为第i个应力幅出现的次数;Ni为第i个应力幅对应的发生疲劳破坏的应力循环次数。
另外,支撑悬索和输电线风振疲劳损伤分析需要考虑平均应力的影响。常采用Goodman模型将非零平均应力Sm考虑进疲劳损伤分析中,即
式中,S为实际应力幅;Sm为非零平均应力;St为材料的抗拉强度。
综上所述,考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析流程如图11所示,其具体步骤如下:
步骤1:根据施扰山体影响下的平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数,计算得到各工况风速时程。
步骤2:基于风速时程,通过本文模型对考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构进行时程分析,获得各疲劳分析部位应力时程。
步骤3:采用雨流计数法处理应力时程,统计得到应力幅Si、应力均值Sm,i和应力循环次数ni,利用Goodman模型修正应力幅得到等效应力幅。
步骤4:将等效应力幅代入S-N曲线,可得到对应的Ni,根据Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则,得到各等效应力幅对应的疲劳损伤,将所有疲劳损伤进行线性叠加,可得考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构各部位总疲劳损伤值。
本文以图12所示的某两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构为研究对象,讨论施扰山体对该两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响。该两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构的结构参数分别为:ls =600 m,lc = 500 m,hwg = 20 m,hs = 0 m和hc = 0 m。支撑导线悬索端部固定在受扰山体上,受扰山体高度为150 m,坡度为0.5(h/L1=1)。另外,支撑导线悬索型号为JG3A-767,导线型号为JLG1A-400/35,物理参数如表3所示,支撑地线悬索型号选用JG3A-240,地线型号选用JLB20A-120。
选取U10=35 m/s的平均风、湍流度为13.33%的脉动风作为风荷载输入,风速时程时长取为512 s,风场模拟所需参数如表4所示,来流风向如图13(a)中所示。以DS1工况为例,考虑和不考虑施扰山体影响的单跨导线风速时程如图14所示。为综合分析施扰山体影响下的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤状况,选择支撑导线悬索、导线的端部和跨中为疲劳分析部位。由于本次试验的采集位置为受扰山体山顶和背风面山脚,故考虑支撑导线悬索疲劳分析部位固定在受扰山体的端部和跨中,如图13(a)中悬索A点和悬索B点。图13(b)中,单跨导线一端处于复杂山地风场中,另一端则处于平地风场中,因此,单跨导线疲劳分析部位考虑为两端和跨中,即导线C点、导线D点和导线E点。
以DS1工况为例,分别进行考虑和不考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振分析。考虑和不考虑施扰山体影响的导线E点的应力时程和侧向位移分别如图1516所示。考虑施扰山体影响的导线E点应力均值为72.06 MPa,应力均方差为16.30 MPa;而不考虑施扰山体影响的应力均值为65.90 MPa,应力均方差为13.16 MPa。显然,施扰山体对导线E点的应力均值和应力均方差的影响较为明显。图17为导线E点的应力功率谱,可以看出,导线E点应力谱能分布在较宽的频带内,没有明显的谱峰,施扰山体对导线E点的应力功率谱有一定影响。由图16可得,导线E点侧向位移受施扰山体影响亦较大。
在上一节由风振分析得到的应力时程的基础上,分别进行考虑和不考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析。以DS1工况为例,采用雨流计数法处理应力时程,得到相应的应力幅和应力循环的累计次数,如图18所示。可以看出,不考虑施扰山体影响的导线E点高应力幅出现频次少于考虑施扰山体影响的导线E点。表5为DS1工况中各部位的疲劳损伤。相比于不考虑施扰山体的工况,施扰山体影响下的各部位疲劳损伤值普遍较大。总体而言,施扰山体对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响较为显著。
所有工况下,各疲劳分析部位在整个计算期内的疲劳损伤如表6所示。由此可见,施扰山体坡度对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构疲劳损伤的影响较为明显,对于同一疲劳分析部位,施扰山体坡度较小或较大时,其疲劳损伤均较大,当施扰山体为DX4时,各部位疲劳损伤最小。这是由于在背风面山脚处和耐张型悬索支撑输电结构所处高度范围内,施扰山体坡度越小,平均风修正系数越小,而脉动风修正系数越大,在两者共同的影响下,处于中间的施扰山体坡度对耐张型悬索支撑输电结构疲劳损伤的影响最小。对于同一施扰山体坡度,悬索A点的疲劳损伤较悬索B点更大。相比于导线跨中疲劳损伤,导线端部疲劳损伤更为明显,其中,处于平地风场的导线C点疲劳损伤最为显著。
施扰山体高度对各部位疲劳损伤的影响规律并不一致,这是因为施扰山体高度对平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数无明显影响。同一施扰山体高度影响下的各部位疲劳损伤情况与同一施扰山体坡度相同。施扰山体间距对各部位疲劳损伤的影响较大,当施扰山体间距较小时,各部位疲劳损伤较大,其随着施扰山体间距的增大而减小,最后略有增大。施扰山体间距对平均风修正系数和脉动风修正系数的影响与施扰山体坡度类似,各部位疲劳损伤结果亦类似。同一施扰山体间距工况中,各部位疲劳损伤情况与同一施扰山体坡度工况相同。
由于施扰山体会对受扰山体风场风速特性产生影响,复杂山地地形中的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤分析应当考虑施扰山体的影响。本文通过复杂山地风场特性风洞试验讨论了山地平均风速特性和脉动风速特性随施扰山体坡度、高度和间距的变化规律,并基于非线性有限元方法建立了考虑施扰山体影响的耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振非线性有限元分析模型,进而采用雨流计数法和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则进行疲劳损伤分析,最后研究了施扰山体对两跨耐张型悬索支撑输电结构风振疲劳损伤的影响。可得出主要结论如下:
(1)施扰山体对受扰山体风场特性的影响存在临界高度,在临界高度以下,受扰山体山顶和背风面山脚平均风修正系数随着施扰山体坡度的增大而增大,随着施扰山体间距的增大而减小;在临界高度以上,则恰好相反。
(2)当施扰山体坡度不断增大时,受扰山体背风面山脚近地面脉动风修正系数和最大脉动风修正系数随之减小。施扰山体高度对背风面山脚脉动风修正系数无显著影响。背风面山脚近地面脉动风修正系数基本不受施扰山体间距的影响,而最大脉动风修正系数随着间距的增大而增大。
(3)随着施扰山体坡度的增大,耐张型悬索支撑输电结构各部位风振疲劳损伤呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。施扰山体高度对各部位疲劳损伤的影响较小,无明显变化规律。当施扰山体间距为0~600 m时,各部位疲劳损伤较大,随着间距不断增大,其逐渐减小,当施扰山体间距为600~800 m时,各部位疲劳损伤随着间距的增大而陡然增大。
(4)在同一施扰山体影响下,支撑导线悬索端部疲劳损伤较支撑导线悬索跨中更大,导线端部疲劳损伤较导线跨中更为明显,其中,处于平地风场的导线端部疲劳损伤最为显著。
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.007
  • 接收时间:2023-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-27
  • 修回日期:2023-07-09
基金
重庆市博士后研究项目特别资助项目(2022CQBSHBT3009)
国家电网有限公司科技项目(5200-202156071A-0-0-00)
哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院博士后特别支持计划资助项目(KY506023002)
作者信息
    1.重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆 400045
    2.重庆大学风工程及风资源利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400045
    3.哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
    4.哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院,重庆 401151

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王涛(1993—),男,博士,博士后。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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