Article(id=1228295807863030206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678982400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-17, revisedDate=1686672000000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778141226, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778141226, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778141226, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778141226, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295801890336965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='223', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778139803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949100774, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=441, endPage=448, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295808227934667, articleId=1228295807863030206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Dynamic modeling of instantaneous angular speed disturbances in cylindrical roller bearings caused by outer ring failure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In light of investigating the interplay between the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signal and mechanical dynamics of bearings, alongside addressing the vulnerability of rotary arm bearings within industrial robot RV reducers to failure under lowspeed conditions, this paper presents a novel three-degree-of-freedom dynamics model to explain the IAS perturbations resultant from localized roller bearing failures. The model, rooted in the Hertz line contact theory, dissects the influence mechanism of localized deformations stemming from roller-raceway interactions on the IAS. A comprehensive approach to computing the coupled tangential force and torque is outlined. The integration of failure-induced impacts into torque analysis computes torque variations introduced by the failure zone, thereby augmenting angular degrees of freedom. As a result, a three-degree-of-freedom bearing IAS disturbance dynamic model, coupling both normal and tangential forces, is established. Employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration, the model is solved, and its results are meticulously compared and analyzed against experimental approximations under near-approximate conditions. The findings underscore the model’s ability to effectively expound upon the origins of IAS perturbations in cylindrical roller bearings while adeptly reflecting the ramifications of outer ring failures on IAS. This work contributes to the refinement of rolling bearing dynamics theory, advancing the comprehension of intricate mechanical systems.

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针对瞬时角速度(instantaneous angular speed,IAS)信号与轴承机械动力学之间的关系研究和工业机器人RV减速器转臂轴承在低速工况下易发生失效的问题,提出了一种三自由度局部故障滚子轴承IAS扰动的动力学模型。模型基于Hertz线接触理论,分析了滚子与滚道间相互作用产生的局部变形对IAS的影响机理,给出了耦合切向力与力矩的计算方法;将故障冲击引入扭矩分析,计算故障区带来的扭矩变化,增加角自由度,建立了法向力与切向力相耦合的三自由度轴承IAS扰动动力学模型。采用四阶-龙库塔数值积分法求解,并在近似条件下将仿真与实验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该模型能较好地解释圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动的来源,有效反映外圈故障对IAS带来的影响,进一步完善了滚动轴承动力学理论。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郭瑜(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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韩谯(1998—),女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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韩谯(1998—),女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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韩谯(1998—),女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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label=图13, caption=实测轴承外圈故障IAS信号, figureFileSmall=/CVX0RE2nlY1ZyTvsvEPPg==, figureFileBig=MdX8+QOQb0YWugk40D0pUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228313063481344389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807863030206, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Geometric parameters of bearing NU204 ECP

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参数数值
内圈滚道直径Di/mm26.5
外圈滚道直径Do/mm41.5
节圆直径Dp/mm34
滚子半径rc/mm3.97
滚子有效接触长度l/mm9
滚子个数Z/个11
径向游隙c/μm1
接触角α/(°)0
), ArticleFig(id=1228313063577813384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807863030206, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

NU204 ECP轴承几何参数

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参数数值
内圈滚道直径Di/mm26.5
外圈滚道直径Do/mm41.5
节圆直径Dp/mm34
滚子半径rc/mm3.97
滚子有效接触长度l/mm9
滚子个数Z/个11
径向游隙c/μm1
接触角α/(°)0
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外圈故障引起圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动动力学建模
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韩谯 , 郭瑜 , 樊家伟
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(2): 441-448
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(2): 441-448
外圈故障引起圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动动力学建模
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韩谯 , 郭瑜 , 樊家伟
作者信息
  • 昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南 昆明 650500
  • 韩谯(1998—),女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭瑜(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Dynamic modeling of instantaneous angular speed disturbances in cylindrical roller bearings caused by outer ring failure
Qiao HAN , Yu GUO , Jiawei FAN
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.023
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针对瞬时角速度(instantaneous angular speed,IAS)信号与轴承机械动力学之间的关系研究和工业机器人RV减速器转臂轴承在低速工况下易发生失效的问题,提出了一种三自由度局部故障滚子轴承IAS扰动的动力学模型。模型基于Hertz线接触理论,分析了滚子与滚道间相互作用产生的局部变形对IAS的影响机理,给出了耦合切向力与力矩的计算方法;将故障冲击引入扭矩分析,计算故障区带来的扭矩变化,增加角自由度,建立了法向力与切向力相耦合的三自由度轴承IAS扰动动力学模型。采用四阶-龙库塔数值积分法求解,并在近似条件下将仿真与实验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该模型能较好地解释圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动的来源,有效反映外圈故障对IAS带来的影响,进一步完善了滚动轴承动力学理论。

转子动力学  /  圆柱滚子轴承  /  瞬时角速度  /  Hertz线接触

In light of investigating the interplay between the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signal and mechanical dynamics of bearings, alongside addressing the vulnerability of rotary arm bearings within industrial robot RV reducers to failure under lowspeed conditions, this paper presents a novel three-degree-of-freedom dynamics model to explain the IAS perturbations resultant from localized roller bearing failures. The model, rooted in the Hertz line contact theory, dissects the influence mechanism of localized deformations stemming from roller-raceway interactions on the IAS. A comprehensive approach to computing the coupled tangential force and torque is outlined. The integration of failure-induced impacts into torque analysis computes torque variations introduced by the failure zone, thereby augmenting angular degrees of freedom. As a result, a three-degree-of-freedom bearing IAS disturbance dynamic model, coupling both normal and tangential forces, is established. Employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration, the model is solved, and its results are meticulously compared and analyzed against experimental approximations under near-approximate conditions. The findings underscore the model’s ability to effectively expound upon the origins of IAS perturbations in cylindrical roller bearings while adeptly reflecting the ramifications of outer ring failures on IAS. This work contributes to the refinement of rolling bearing dynamics theory, advancing the comprehension of intricate mechanical systems.

rotor dynamics  /  cylindrical roller bearings  /  instantaneous angular speed  /  Hertz line contact
韩谯, 郭瑜, 樊家伟. 外圈故障引起圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动动力学建模. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (2) : 441 -448 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.023
Qiao HAN, Yu GUO, Jiawei FAN. Dynamic modeling of instantaneous angular speed disturbances in cylindrical roller bearings caused by outer ring failure[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (2) : 441 -448 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.023
RV减速器作为工业机器人的核心部件之一,结构紧凑,包含众多旋转零部件,也是工业机器人主要的故障源。轴承在RV减速器中起支承及传递力和扭矩的作用[1],受力状况复杂,RV减速器的失效大多由轴承失效引起。其中圆柱滚子轴承作为RV减速器的转臂轴承,安装在曲柄轴中间,外圈与摆线轮相连,用于支撑曲柄摆线轮,在低速重载的条件下,往往最先发生失效[2]。然而,工业机器人低速工况下圆柱滚子轴承传递能量低、负载高,传统的低速振动响应分析通常无法检测到故障发出的振动。瞬时角速度(instantaneous angular speed,IAS)与轴的旋转严格同步,更少地依赖于故障区与传感器之间的传输路径,可以有效揭示滚子元件进入轴承圈座剥落区的动态行为,弥补低速故障轴承监测的不足。
目前,基于编码器IAS信号的旋转机械故障诊断研究逐渐引起国内外专家学者的关注,该技术在工业机器人RV减速器等应用场合较振动信号有着更大的优势[3],其不受振动信号面临的时变传递路径、界面间非线性能量耗散和多源多路径振动信号叠加衰减等因素的影响,直接与旋转机械动态特性相关,拥有更高的信噪比,便于故障特征的识别、提取和检测。例如,MOUSTAFA等[4]介绍了一种基于IAS的技术,用于低速滚动轴承故障检测和故障宽度估计。AIT SGHIR等[5]提出一个基于谱相关密度的指标,证明了IAS信号在低速状态下诊断滚动轴承的适用性。为了方便在齿轮传动和轴承诊断中了解缺陷的真正角度周期性,RÉMOND等[6]提出了一些处理角域经典运动方程的建模方法,用于描述旋转机器在非恒速运行条件下的行为,如风力涡轮机或直升机等。在考虑滚动元件动力学的研究中,SAWALHI等[7]建立了一种考虑滚动元件动力学特性的模型,该模型利用Hertz理论估计滚动单元所产生的非线性接触力,并通过与其位移相关的时变刚度进行转化,同时将局部缺陷添加到内圈(IR)、外圈(OR)和滚动元件中。BOURDON等[8]开发了一种在角域描述机械系统的运动方程,介绍了代表运动部件机械故障的角周期扭矩扰动的参数模型。其所针对的机械结构由两个非线性方程组描述,可以用常规数值方法求解;GOMEZ等[9]对SAWALHI建立的模型进行了扩展,采用角度法建立了相应的有限元模型,其中设置了六个自由度,允许模拟非平稳条件及IAS现象。THIBAULT等[10]建立了高速轴向载荷下球轴承的动力学模型,对IAS的性能与局限性进行了分析。
虽然上述学者对滚动轴承开展了部分动力学建模研究,但大多数研究仍针对振动响应,针对IAS响应进行动力学建模的研究较少,对解释轴承IAS扰动的原因以及故障区带来的附加扭矩对IAS影响的研究不足,建立的动力学模型较为简单,较少关注到IAS对于低速或超低速工况下轴承动态行为监测的有效性[4]。虽然GOMEZ等[9]通过有限元模型在滚动轴承动力学中引入了角度扰动,但是仅针对中高速工况,对故障区位移变化计算较为理想,且忽略了滚子进出故障区时带来的附加扭矩,未能通过动力学模型对低速或超低速工况下故障轴承IAS扰动进行解释。因此,对低速或超低速工况下滚子轴承IAS扰动现象进行深入研究并建立相应的局部故障滚子轴承IAS动力学模型具有重要意义。
滚子轴承的局部故障一般会导致异常的接触力激励和位移激励,这些激励会引起轴承瞬时扭矩的变化,从而引起IAS变化。据此,本文以低速工况下含外圈局部故障的NU204 ECP型轴承为研究对象,基于Hertz线接触理论,增加内圈角自由度,分析无故障滚子轴承IAS扰动的原因,计算法向接触力与切向力的耦合,考虑滚子进出故障区时带来的附加扭矩影响,建立三自由度局部故障圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动的动力学模型。通过仿真和实验对比分析,验证了所建模型的正确性,讨论了故障对IAS信号的影响,进而为低速工况下更高精度的滚子轴承状态监测提供理论依据。
无故障滚子轴承在径向载荷作用下,位于载荷区的滚子与滚道间相互作用,局部变形导致出现滚动阻力现象,使得切向力与接触力相耦合,由此引起扭矩的变化,此即为无故障圆柱滚子轴承IAS扰动的起源。
通常情况下,位于径向载荷作用线上的滚子所承受的载荷最大,其两边滚子所承受的载荷依次递减,且滚子的载荷分布相对于载荷线对称,如图1所示。
由静态平衡条件可知,作用在滚子上的径向外载荷等于滚子所承受的载荷的垂直分量。滚子所受载荷的大小以及承受载荷的滚子数由轴承内部的几何参数(游隙等)和外部载荷的大小共同决定。
载荷区内滚子在任意时刻所受载荷的大小可表示为[11]
式中,ϕo表示载荷区圆心角度的一半;ε为载荷分布系数,它取决于承载区范围大小;n为载荷-形变指数,对于滚子轴承n=10/9;Qmax表示滚子所受最大载荷数值,STRIBECK[12]提出其可表示为:
式中,Z为滚子个数;Fy为径向负载大小;α为轴承接触角,本研究中接触角为0°;第k个滚子在任意时刻的角位置表示为:
式中,Φ0为第一个滚动体初始时刻的角位置;ωcage为保持架角速度,计算公式为:
式中,ω为转轴角速度;Dc为滚子直径;Dp为节圆直径。
不同于球轴承滚子与滚道的点接触问题,圆柱滚子轴承中滚子与滚道的接触属于线接触,假设相接触的两个圆柱体光滑且长度均匀,轴线相平行,可表示为图2(a)所示的两弹性圆柱体的接触。由于载荷的作用,两圆柱体在接触点将发生弹性变形,形成一个具有一定宽度的矩形接触区,线接触弹性理论研究的即为两个弹性圆柱体受压接触后产生的局部应力和应变沿母线的分布规律。滚子-滚道Hertz线接触模型如图2(b)所示。
滚子与滚道的接触面半宽为:
式中,Q为载荷;l为有效接触长度;ν1,2为两接触体材料的泊松比;r1r2为接触体曲率半径,若滚子与滚道为外接触(即两凸面),则r1r2之间用正号,反之(一凸面与一凹面接触)为负号[13]E为等效弹性模量,通过下式计算:
式中,E1E2为两接触体材料的弹性模量。
外接触的弹性变形量为:
内接触的弹性变形量为:
滚子与内滚道的接触刚度为:
滚子与外滚道的接触刚度为:
在径向载荷的加载下,弹性接触总变形量可表示为:
圆柱滚子轴承总接触刚度表示为:
进而基于Hertz线接触理论的法向接触力N估算为:
通过法向接触力施加点的向前移动来模拟局部变形,产生滚动阻力现象进而出现切向力的耦合。如图3所示,wc为质心角速度,V为质心线速度,前移距离bn用滚动阻力系数μ与滚子半径rc的函数表示:
其中,μ直接关系到IAS扰动模型,其选择应为滚子轴承恒定摩擦系数[9],本研究中取为0.0015。
对滚子列出力与力矩平衡方程:
式中,mc为滚子质量;Ic为滚子等效惯量;θk为第k个滚子在xoy平面内的绝对旋转角度;TikTek分别为滚子与轴承内、外圈接触产生的切向力;NikNek分别为滚子与轴承内、外圈接触产生的法向力,数值与N相等。其中,切向力为代数量,方向与滚动元件质心位移方向相同,所有分析忽略相互作用体的内部阻尼,内圈受力如图4所示。
通过解上述方程,得到切向力关于法向接触力的计算公式:
法向接触力作用点的前移使得其作用线偏移轴心,进而对轴产生扭矩且方向与电机扭矩相反,切向力与轴相切,力臂即为内圈滚道半径,扭矩方向与法向力矩相同。第k个滚子任意角位置对轴产生的扭矩变化用下式计算:
式中,ri为轴承内圈滚道半径。
圆柱滚子轴承内圈旋转,外圈固定在轴承座上,所以外圈剥落位置也固定。当外滚道局部剥落类型为故障长度大于滚子长度时,滚子落入故障区进而产生附加位移。随着滚子经过外圈故障区,滚子与内外滚道的相对位置发生改变,因此需要构建相应的数学模型准确描述滚子与外圈剥落之间接触位移的变化,来弥补滚子与正常滚道接触中传统接触位移计算方法的不足。
从滚子进入故障区开始,相对位移量逐渐增大,在滚子运动触碰到故障区中心位置时,相对内圈的位移量达到最大;而后,滚子在保持架的作用下沿滚道继续公转,从故障区正中心位置逐步退出故障区,滚子在内外圈之间的位移从最大值逐渐恢复到正常接触状态。基于上述滚子故障区运动分析,在滚子与无故障内圈和故障外圈接触的整个过程中,建立以下时变位移激励模型:
式中,Cd表示滚子进入故障区后的时变位移增量;ϕos表示故障区角度位置;mod(•)表示求余函数算子;Hm表示滚子撞击故障区后缘那一刻的位移增量,计算式为:
Θos表示故障区所在圆周上对应的圆心角弧度的一半,则:
式中,Ld为故障区沿轨道方向对应宽度;Do为轴承外圈滚道内径。
当轴承外圈发生疲劳剥落时,滚子滚过剥落区接触形式突变,径向力将进行再分配,撞击剥落区后缘的一瞬间产生冲击力,从而影响扭矩的变化,诱发轴承IAS的明显异常变化。
冲击是动能向系统的传递,在相对较短的时间内发生。假设系统是保守的,则状态1(进入故障区前一刻,如图5所示)和状态2(滚子撞击故障区后缘时,如图6所示)之间的机械能守恒为:
式中,g为重力加速度;λ表示滚子撞击故障区后缘那一刻相对滚子质心的角度;V1V2分别为状态1与状态2时滚子质心线速度;ω1ω2分别为状态1与状态2时滚子质心角速度。刚进入故障区的圆柱滚子的惯量I1为:
由平行轴定理可以得到I2为:
质心的线速度V和角速度wc的关系为:
整理可得:
在进入剥落区到撞击后缘时使用动量守恒定理可得:
式中,Vos表示滚子撞击后缘时滚子的撞击速度:
且可以知道撞击后缘的时间为:
式中,Vout表示故障外圈前缘处的线速度,由于外圈固定不动,Vout=0。由式(26)~(28)可得滚子撞击剥落区后缘的瞬时冲击力为:
由上述可知,当滚子进入故障区时起,滚子与无故障内圈和故障外圈的接触变形逐渐变小,因此,滚子与内外圈之间的接触力也逐渐变小,并在滚子与故障区后缘碰撞的前一刻减到最小值;滚子在保持架的带动下撞击故障区后缘的一瞬间产生瞬时冲击力,接触力迅速从最小值变到最大值;而后,滚子在保持架的作用下沿滚道继续公转,从故障区正中心位置逐步退出故障区的这一过程,接触力也就从最大值逐步恢复到其正常的接触力状况。综上所述,给出滚子经过故障区的时变接触力模型:
因此,滚子经过故障区的瞬时冲击力对内圈带来的时变附加力矩为:
其中,冲击力矩MT方向与电机施加的外扭矩方向相反。
为分析滚子轴承健康及故障引起的IAS扰动机理,需建立相应的动力学模型。将滚子与内、外圈间的接触简化为弹簧-质量系统[14],如图7所示,且满足以下假设:(1)内圈、外圈与滚子之间没有相对滑动;(2)假设轴承元件的接触满足Hertz接触条件;(3)仅计算滚子与滚道间的弹性接触变形,忽略轴承套圈的整体变形,将滚子视为非线性弹性接触元件;(4)忽略保持架动力学、缺陷形状和弹性流体动力润滑(EHL)的非线性影响。
基于刚性套圈假设[15],经以上简化,可以得到滚子轴承三自由度的IAS扰动动力学方程为:
式中,m为轴承内圈和转轴的等效总质量;I为轴承内圈和转轴的等效总惯量;Cs为系统的阻尼;CT为内圈与空气间的等效黏性阻尼;xyθ分别为内圈在水平和竖直方向的振动位移以及角位移;分别为内圈在水平和竖直方向的振动速度;为内圈角速度;分别为内圈在水平和竖直方向的振动加速度;为内圈角加速度;QxQy分别为内圈在水平和竖直方向上所受外加径向力;Mz为电机带来的外加扭矩;δod表示每个滚子的时变接触变形,计算式为:
式中,c为轴承初始径向游隙;γ为用于判断滚子是否进入故障区的参数:
η为用于判断滚子是否在载荷区与内外滚道发生接触变形的参数:
仿真研究以圆柱滚子轴承NU204 ECP为研究对象,其几何尺寸参数如表1所列。设m=1.3 kg,系统等效阻尼Cs=400 N·s/m,扭转阻尼系数与轴转速有关[9],且CT=1.52 N·m·s/rad,轴承受到沿x轴和y轴方向的外部径向作用力分别为Fx=0 N,Fy=400 N,电机扭矩Mz=9.54 N·m;假设故障区沿外圈滚道方向宽度Ld=1 mm,故障长度大于滚子长度且位于外圈滚道正下方,轴承内圈在水平和竖直方向的初始位移分别为x=10-9 m和y=10-9 m,初始速度,初始角位移θ=10-9 rad,初始角速度;时间步长Δt=10-6 s,仿真时长t=10 s,内圈转速为60 r/min,运用四阶定步长龙格-库塔数值积分法[16]求解式(32)。
由于所列动力学方程为时域积分求解,得到的序列需进行角域重采样,进而得到IAS信号。无故障轴承以及外圈故障轴承的IAS信号如图8所示。从图8(a)中可看出无故障轴承呈现出的IAS扰动,扰动周期与角域故障周期基本相同,约为0.237(即1/0.237≈4.22)。图8(b)显示出滚子经过外圈故障区时IAS信号的明显冲击现象,并且观察到IAS信号存在明显周期性,扰动及冲击特征的周期约为0.237(即1/0.237≈4.22)。角域上的外圈故障频率理论值通过下式计算:
计算可得理论值为4.22 ev/r,即仿真结果与其基本吻合。对IAS信号进行阶比谱分析得到如图9所示的IAS阶比谱,可发现在4.22×处出现明显峰值,与外圈故障频率理论值基本吻合,且存在明显倍频成分(2倍频8.44×和3倍频12.66×等)。
图10为动力学模型仿真出的故障区宽度尺寸估计,可以看出从滚子进入故障区到退出故障区轴转角为0.12 rad,故障区宽度估计的计算式为:
式中,θshaft为滚子通过故障区时轴转过的角距离;fcagefshaft分别为保持架和轴的转速。
估算可得,仿真故障区宽度约为0.96 mm,与假设宽度1 mm基本吻合,模型可以有效识别沿滚道方向的缺陷长度。
为验证模型的正确性,以圆柱滚子轴承NU204 ECP外圈局部剥落为例,利用电火花方法在滚子轴承外圈滚道上加工出一个宽Ld=1 mm的损伤区域来模拟剥落故障(如图11所示)。
使用皮带轮给故障轴承提供径向载荷,在旋转机械故障模拟基础试验台(如图12所示)进行实验。
图13为转速在60 r/min条件下采集到的滚子轴承外圈故障所对应的IAS扰动响应,显示故障区冲击周期约为0.237(即1/0.237≈4.22),对IAS带来的影响与仿真结果基本一致。对比分析验证了本文所建立的三自由度外圈故障引起IAS扰动动力学模型的正确性。
本文基于Hertz线接触理论,通过分析滚子在径向载荷作用下,不同角位置与内、外圈滚道间的弹性变形量,将缺陷区带来的附加力矩以及附加位移考虑进扭矩扰动中,并使切向力与法向接触力相耦合,结合圆柱滚子轴承结构参数以及故障区尺寸,建立包含两个位移自由度和一个旋转自由度的轴承三自由度IAS动力学模型。在相同实验条件下进行仿真与实测数据的对比分析研究,研究结果较好地解释了外圈故障状态下滚子轴承IAS扰动的来源,正确估计出故障区宽度尺寸,有效地反映了外圈故障对IAS带来的影响。若进一步考虑内圈或者滚动体局部缺陷产生的附加力矩对系统的扭矩扰动,可以揭示轴承内圈、滚动体故障对IAS带来的影响。本文所建动力学模型为低速工况下有效运用IAS进行故障诊断提供了理论支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52165067)
  • 云南省重大专项科技计划资助项目(202002AC080001)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.023
  • 接收时间:2023-03-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-17
  • 修回日期:2023-06-14
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52165067)
云南省重大专项科技计划资助项目(202002AC080001)
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    昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南 昆明 650500

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郭瑜(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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