Article(id=1228295807321964980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676390400000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-15, revisedDate=1691078400000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778141097, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778141097, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778141097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778141097, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295801890336965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='223', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778139803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949100774, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=302, endPage=309, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295807582011832, articleId=1228295807321964980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Simplified vortex modes of torsional vortex-excitation forces in a typical streamlined box girder and its suppression mechanism with aerodynamic countermeasures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A typical streamlined closed-box girder is taken as the research object in this paper. Utilizing the wind tunnel tests with a section model, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses of the grinder section were obtained, and the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic torques were analyzed for both the original and improved girder designs (the improved girder with spoilers and the improved girder with guide vanes for maintenance rails) under typical wind conditions. By combining the simplified vortex method (SVM) with numerical simulation, the torsional VIV of the bridge girder and its suppression mechanism with additional aerodynamic countermeasures were further revealed. This paper provides a new methodology for analyzing the VIV mechanism of bridge girders and the VIV suppression mechanism of aerodynamic countermeasures. The results reveal that an obvious torsional VIV phenomenon was observed on the original girder, with a maximum amplitude of 0.112°. After adding guide vanes for the maintenance rail, the torsional VIV amplitude of the section was reduced by 35.7%, and the torsional VIV phenomenon disappears after the addition of the spoilers on the sidewalks’ handrails. For both the original and guide vane girders, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic torques on the upper surface to the global vortex excited force (VEF) were much greater than those on the lower surface. The VIVs of the original and guide vane girders were dominated by the periodic drift of the large-scale vortices generated from the leading edge to the trailing edge on the upper surface. The drift time of the vortices was approximately 2.5 vibration cycles, which corresponds to the second-order torsional simplified vortex mode. After the installation of guide vanes for the maintenance rails, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic forces to the global VEF were significantly reduced, and the scale and intensity of vortices around the girder were reduced, so the VIV amplitude decreased. After adding spoilers, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic forces to the global VEF became more evenly distributed and were greatly reduced.Spoilers inhibited the formation of separation vortices at the leading edge of the upper surface, effectively eliminating the VIV phenomena.

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以典型流线型闭口箱梁为研究对象,利用节段模型风洞试验,获取原始断面与优化断面(栏杆扶手抑流板断面和检修轨道导流板断面)涡振响应,并分析其典型风速下断面周围分布气动力矩贡献,结合简化涡和数值模拟方法,推演断面周围流场演变特征,揭示了流线型箱梁扭转涡振及气动措施抑振机理,为主梁扭转涡振及抑振机理分析提供了一种思路。研究表明:原始断面存在明显扭转涡振现象,其振幅达0.112°,增设检修轨道导流板后振幅降低35.7%,增设抑流板后涡振现象消失。原始断面和导流板断面涡振时,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献值远大于下表面,二者均由上表面大尺度前缘分离涡主导,分离涡漂移时长约为2.5个断面振动周期,对应2阶扭转简化涡模态。增设导流板后,断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献显著减小,旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系发生改变,断面周围旋涡作用强度减小,故涡振振幅降低。增设栏杆扶手抑流板后,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献值显著减小且其波浪式分布消失,上表面前缘大尺度分离涡的形成得到抑制,故断面涡振现象消失。

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赵林(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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胡传新(1987—)男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807321964980, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=流线型闭口箱梁), Keyword(id=1228313047576544095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807321964980, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=抑流板), Keyword(id=1228313047689790312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807321964980, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=检修轨道导流板)], refs=[Reference(id=1228313054409064512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807321964980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=9, pageStart=1575, pageEnd=1583, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=胡传新, 赵林, 龚玲珑, journalName=振动工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡传新,赵林,龚玲珑,等.基于旋涡漂移假设的流线型闭口箱梁竖向涡振机理研究[J].振动工程学报2024,37(9):1575-1583., articleTitle=基于旋涡漂移假设的流线型闭口箱梁竖向涡振机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228313054492950599, 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注:X表示测压点的横坐标,即第i测压点坐标xi的集合

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Modal parameters of the torsional and vertical simplified vortex model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面涡振形式简化涡模态阶数n旋涡漂移速度与来流风速比RU计算折减风速折减风速U*误差/%
原始断面扭转2阶0.590.610.656.2
竖向1阶0.511.761.9911.6
导流板断面扭转2阶0.590.610.633.2
), ArticleFig(id=1228313052261580829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295807321964980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

扭转及竖向简化涡模态参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面涡振形式简化涡模态阶数n旋涡漂移速度与来流风速比RU计算折减风速折减风速U*误差/%
原始断面扭转2阶0.590.610.656.2
竖向1阶0.511.761.9911.6
导流板断面扭转2阶0.590.610.633.2
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典型流线型箱梁扭转涡激气动力的简化涡模式与气动措施抑振机理
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胡传新 1, 2, 3 , 官绪龙 1 , 赵林 3 , 葛耀君 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(2): 302-309
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(2): 302-309
典型流线型箱梁扭转涡激气动力的简化涡模式与气动措施抑振机理
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胡传新1, 2, 3 , 官绪龙1, 赵林3 , 葛耀君3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学城市建设学院,湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.武汉科技大学城市更新湖北省工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430065
  • 3.同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海 200092
  • 胡传新(1987—)男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

赵林(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Simplified vortex modes of torsional vortex-excitation forces in a typical streamlined box girder and its suppression mechanism with aerodynamic countermeasures
Chuanxin HU1, 2, 3 , Xulong GUAN1, Lin ZHAO3 , Yaojun GE3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2.Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009
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以典型流线型闭口箱梁为研究对象,利用节段模型风洞试验,获取原始断面与优化断面(栏杆扶手抑流板断面和检修轨道导流板断面)涡振响应,并分析其典型风速下断面周围分布气动力矩贡献,结合简化涡和数值模拟方法,推演断面周围流场演变特征,揭示了流线型箱梁扭转涡振及气动措施抑振机理,为主梁扭转涡振及抑振机理分析提供了一种思路。研究表明:原始断面存在明显扭转涡振现象,其振幅达0.112°,增设检修轨道导流板后振幅降低35.7%,增设抑流板后涡振现象消失。原始断面和导流板断面涡振时,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献值远大于下表面,二者均由上表面大尺度前缘分离涡主导,分离涡漂移时长约为2.5个断面振动周期,对应2阶扭转简化涡模态。增设导流板后,断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献显著减小,旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系发生改变,断面周围旋涡作用强度减小,故涡振振幅降低。增设栏杆扶手抑流板后,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献值显著减小且其波浪式分布消失,上表面前缘大尺度分离涡的形成得到抑制,故断面涡振现象消失。

桥梁工程  /  扭转涡振  /  简化涡方法  /  流线型闭口箱梁  /  抑流板  /  检修轨道导流板

A typical streamlined closed-box girder is taken as the research object in this paper. Utilizing the wind tunnel tests with a section model, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses of the grinder section were obtained, and the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic torques were analyzed for both the original and improved girder designs (the improved girder with spoilers and the improved girder with guide vanes for maintenance rails) under typical wind conditions. By combining the simplified vortex method (SVM) with numerical simulation, the torsional VIV of the bridge girder and its suppression mechanism with additional aerodynamic countermeasures were further revealed. This paper provides a new methodology for analyzing the VIV mechanism of bridge girders and the VIV suppression mechanism of aerodynamic countermeasures. The results reveal that an obvious torsional VIV phenomenon was observed on the original girder, with a maximum amplitude of 0.112°. After adding guide vanes for the maintenance rail, the torsional VIV amplitude of the section was reduced by 35.7%, and the torsional VIV phenomenon disappears after the addition of the spoilers on the sidewalks’ handrails. For both the original and guide vane girders, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic torques on the upper surface to the global vortex excited force (VEF) were much greater than those on the lower surface. The VIVs of the original and guide vane girders were dominated by the periodic drift of the large-scale vortices generated from the leading edge to the trailing edge on the upper surface. The drift time of the vortices was approximately 2.5 vibration cycles, which corresponds to the second-order torsional simplified vortex mode. After the installation of guide vanes for the maintenance rails, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic forces to the global VEF were significantly reduced, and the scale and intensity of vortices around the girder were reduced, so the VIV amplitude decreased. After adding spoilers, the contribution values of the distributed aerodynamic forces to the global VEF became more evenly distributed and were greatly reduced.Spoilers inhibited the formation of separation vortices at the leading edge of the upper surface, effectively eliminating the VIV phenomena.

bridge engineering  /  torsional vortex-induced vibration  /  simplified vortex method (SVM)  /  streamlined closed-box girder  /  spoiler  /  guide vane for maintenance rail
胡传新, 官绪龙, 赵林, 葛耀君. 典型流线型箱梁扭转涡激气动力的简化涡模式与气动措施抑振机理. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (2) : 302 -309 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009
Chuanxin HU, Xulong GUAN, Lin ZHAO, Yaojun GE. Simplified vortex modes of torsional vortex-excitation forces in a typical streamlined box girder and its suppression mechanism with aerodynamic countermeasures[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (2) : 302 -309 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009
涡振是大跨桥梁在常见风速下易出现的一种自限幅风致振动现象,由来流绕经主梁表面时产生的以某一固定时间间隔有规律脱落的旋涡引起。旋涡脱落、漂移及其非定常演化过程决定了断面表面气动力及其与结构运动之间的相位关系,实现风能向断面动能输入,进而导致桥梁涡振现象发生。涡振效应(振幅)又反过来决定旋涡脱落及漂移模式,如此循环往复。当气动力输能与结构阻尼比耗能达到平衡时,产生涡振极限环振动现象[1]。苏格兰的Kessock大桥[2]曾在低风速下被观测到发生扭转涡振。尽管涡振不会像颤振或驰振那样振幅发散,但其会给交通安全带来隐患,甚至诱发拉索参数共振等其他类型气动不稳定问题[3]
许多学者研究了主梁断面涡振性能,并针对性选用气动措施抑制涡振。XU等[4]研究表明,在上表面人行道栏杆扶手上增设抑流板可显著影响表面风压分布,从而抑制断面潜在扭转涡振风险。董佳慧等[5]研究表明,下中央稳定板、导流板、整流罩、整流罩+下中央稳定板组合措施均能将原设计∏型断面扭转涡振振幅降低75%以上。朱思宇等[6]研究表明,检修轨道外侧导流板能减小扭转涡振锁定区风速范围。李春光等[7]以太洪长江大桥为研究背景,研究表明流线型闭口钢箱梁设置宽度1.0 m人行道栏杆抑流板可使扭转涡振最大振幅降低约40%。孙延国等[8]研究表明,布置检修轨道导流板可改善断面扭转涡振性能,且改善程度与导流板尺寸及倾角密切相关。宋锦忠等[9]在东营黄河大桥栏杆安装抑流板,可使竖向涡振振幅最大降低50%。以上研究表明增设气动措施如导流板和抑流板等,可有效降低主梁断面涡振响应,提高主梁断面涡振性能。
扭转涡振现象多见于风洞试验及数值模拟中,在实桥中较少观察到,因此关于断面扭转涡振效应机理的研究较少。SHIRAISHI等[10]研究表明,扭转涡振中上表面分离涡从前缘分离到尾缘脱落的时长为(2n+1)/2(n为正整数)个断面振动周期。刘圣源等[11]针对典型大跨度桥梁中央开槽箱梁断面进行弹簧悬挂节段模型风洞试验,对不同工况下箱梁表面气动力演变特性进行研究,研究表明,下游箱梁上、下表面后部区域及上游箱梁上表面前部区域气动力是中央开槽箱梁扭转涡振的主要诱因。许福友等[12]通过表面测压方法研究了某流线型封闭箱梁断面涡振特性,研究发现,其扭转涡振的根本原因是上表面前缘分离涡,使中下游风压脉动强烈,各测点脉动压力具有相同的卓越频率,且与整体气动力强相关。李志国等[13]采用数值模拟方法研究发现,分离式双箱梁上游大尺度分离涡与下游断面碰撞是扭转涡振产生的主要原因。胡传新等[114-15]针对典型流线型箱梁断面,将涡振时断面气动力时空演变特征与流场特征物理性关联,由气动力时空分布特征推演关键流场特征——旋涡运动,将旋涡漂移、断面周期性运动与同步气动力三者紧密关联,建立了基于简化涡方法的涡振机理分析方法,但上述简化涡方法局限于竖向涡振分析。因此,有必要结合主梁表面分布气动力矩贡献和CFD数值模拟方法,推演主梁周围流场关键特征,即简化涡模态,深入揭示流线型箱梁断面扭转涡振及气动措施的抑振机理。
针对典型流线型闭口箱梁断面,采用风洞试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,阐述了增设气动措施对断面涡振效应的影响,结合断面表面分布气动力矩贡献和扭转涡振简化涡模态分析,揭示断面扭转涡振机理及气动措施的抑振机理。
研究对象为如图1所示的主梁节段模型断面,几何缩尺比为1∶20,模型长度为3.6 m,宽度为1.9 m,高度为0.178 m。模型展向质量为94.335 kg/m,质量惯性矩为46.699 kg·m2/m,竖向自振频率(fh)和竖向阻尼比(ξh)分别为3.32 Hz和0.35%,扭转自振频率(ft)和扭转阻尼比(ξt)分别为8.54 Hz和0.35%。模型中间断面上布置158个测压孔,如图1所示。分别完成无气动措施(原始断面)、增设检修轨道导流板(导流板断面)和增设人行道栏杆扶手抑流板(抑流板断面)主梁节段模型风洞试验。主梁附属设施布置如图2所示。抑流板和导流板细部及具体尺寸如图3所示。具体风洞试验介绍见文献[16]。
图4为原始断面及增设气动措施的断面(以下简称优化断面)在+3°初始风攻角下的扭转涡振响应对比,图中横坐标U*=U/(ftB)表示折减风速,其中U为来流风速,B为断面宽度。原始断面扭转涡振锁定区的折减风速范围从0.55到0.68,在折减风速为0.65时达到最大扭转位移0.112°。由图4可知,增设检修轨道导流板可将最大扭转涡振位移降至0.072°,涡振响应减少幅度达35.7%,这表明增设检修轨道导流板可有效降低断面扭转涡振响应;增设人行道栏杆扶手抑流板后,扭转涡振现象消失。HU等[15]研究发现,检修轨道导流板和人行道栏杆扶手抑流板同样可以抑制流线型箱梁竖向涡振,导流板可使断面2阶和3阶竖向涡振锁定区最大振幅分别降低19%和53.1%;30°倾角的抑流板安装后,各阶竖弯涡振完全消失。
综上所述,针对原始断面与优化断面,分别选取各自扭转涡振锁定区内位移的极值点作为典型工况分析该涡振锁定区。因此,后文选取原始断面在折减风速为0.65、导流板断面在折减风速为0.63和抑流板断面在折减风速为0.65下的三种工况进行分析。
分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献同时取决于测点脉动风压大小、测点相对扭转中心的空间位置和分布气动力矩与涡激力矩的相关性[11]。断面表面各测点减去平均值后的风压与其所占权重面积以及测点到模型扭转中心距离的乘积即为分布气动力矩。对箱梁表面各测点的分布气动力矩积分,即可获得作用在断面整体的涡激力矩。分布气动力矩与涡激力矩计算表达式为:
式中,s为测点数量;为减去平均值后的第i个测点风压,测点处风压方向均垂直于断面表面,风压指向断面表面外法线方向为负压,风压指向断面表面内法线方向为正压;δi为测点每延米所占的权重面积,第i测点处权重面积取其相邻两测点间面积的一半;θi为水平轴方向h到壁面外法线方向r沿顺时针方向的夹角,取值范围为0~2π;(xcyc)为扭转中心坐标;(xiyi)为第i测压点坐标。涡激力矩示意图如图5所示。
箱梁表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的无量纲贡献值CRi[11]可表示为:
式中,ρ为来流风密度;σi为测点分布气动力矩标准差;Ri为分布气动力矩与涡激力矩的相关系数,表示为:
式中,D(M(t))和D(mi(t))分别为涡激力矩和分布气动力矩的方差;Cov(M(t),mi(t))为涡激力矩和分布气动力矩的协方差。
CRi为正时,表示第i测点区域分布气动力矩对涡激力矩起增强作用;当CRi为负时,表示第i测点区域分布气动力矩对涡激力矩起减弱作用。图6列出了原始断面和优化断面上、下表面贡献值的空间分布。原始断面与导流板断面上表面贡献值呈波浪式分布,且沿来流方向幅值增大,后者幅值明显小于前者。增设抑流板后上表面贡献值急剧减小,沿下游波浪式分布消失。原始断面与导流板断面下表面贡献值均明显小于上表面,且幅值沿下游增大,抑流板断面中没有观察到类似现象。
综上所述,原始断面与导流板断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献远大于下表面,表明断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡振起主导作用。相较原始断面,增设导流板后,断面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献值减小,故扭转涡振振幅减小。增设抑流板后,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献值急剧减小,其沿下游的波浪式分布消失,故涡振现象消失。因此,断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献减小是涡振响应降低的关键原因。
图7为流线型闭口箱梁原始断面竖向涡振贡献值[17]及扭转涡振贡献值空间分布对比。竖向与扭转涡振发生时,断面上表面分布气动力(矩)贡献值绝对值明显大于下表面,为涡激力(矩)的主要来源,上表面中部贡献值均较小,下表面分布气动力(矩)贡献值均为正值。扭转涡振与竖向涡振上表面贡献值均表现为波浪式分布且幅值沿下游增大;扭转涡振下表面贡献值沿下游增大,竖向涡振下表面贡献值沿下游增大,到下游斜腹板处逐渐减小。由此可知,扭转涡振和竖向涡振发生时,上表面的分布气动力(矩)起主导作用;竖向和扭转涡振上表面分布气动力(矩)空间分布形式存在差异。
为进一步探究气动措施抑制主梁断面扭转涡振机理,更直观观察增设气动措施前后断面流场变化,选用商用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对原始断面及两种优化断面进行数值模拟分析。计算域设置为长17.5B、宽7B的矩形区域,圆形区域整体为刚体区域,以外围结构化网格作为动网格区域,通过用户自定义函数(UDF)实现圆形区域网格整体的移动与更新。计算域上、下为滑移壁面,计算域右侧为速度入口边界,左侧为压力出口边界,如图8(a)所示。动网格区域、静网格区域及断面周围边界层选用矩形结构化网格划分,圆形刚体区域与梯形加密区选用三角形非结构化网格,并在断面边界层外进行局部加密。模型表面设置15层边界层,近壁面首层高度为0.02 mm,膨胀率为1.1,向外平稳增长,如图8(b)所示。绝大部分区域网格Y+小于1,其中,断面上表面人行道栏杆、行车道防撞栏杆、下表面检修轨道上方Y+大于1,最大值为1.5,计算域整体网格数约为33万。数值模拟采用强迫振动方式,按照风洞试验测得幅值及扭转自振频率设置工况,断面振动时程为简谐函数,断面振动位移时程θ(t)表达式为:
式中,θ0为扭转涡振的振幅;ω为断面振动圆频率;t为断面振动时刻;φ0为断面扭转位移初相位。
湍流模型选择SST k-ω,空间离散采用2阶迎风格式,时间离散采用2阶隐式积分,以SIMPLE算法进行求解,计算总时间为60 s。原始断面和抑流板断面入口风速均为10.5 m/s,导流板断面入口风速取为10.3 m/s。
Q准则为一种应用较为广泛的旋涡识别方法,HUNT等[18]建议使用速度梯度张量Δv的第二个伽利略不变量Q>0代表旋涡结构,二维Q值表达式为:
式中,∂u/∂x和∂v/∂y分别为流体微元uv方向的速度矢量的导数项;∂u/∂y和∂v/∂x分别为流体微元uv方向的速度矢量在yx方向的交叉导数项。当Q>0时,流体微团旋转速率大于应变速率,该区域表现形式为旋涡;当Q<0时,流体微团旋转速率小于应变速率,流体单元的运动是非旋转的。
原始断面与导流板断面2.5个断面振动周期内典型时刻的Q值云图如图9所示,图中T为断面扭转振动周期,即断面扭转自振频率ft的倒数。抑流板断面瞬时Q值云图如图10所示。原始断面上表面0时刻旋涡从前缘防撞栏处脱落并沿下游漂移,导流板断面上表面0时刻对应的前缘分离涡已漂移至中央防撞栏处。原始断面与导流板断面表面旋涡在漂移过程中尺度均逐渐增大,经过2.5个断面振动周期到达下游人行道栏杆处并从断面脱落。因此,增设导流板后,大尺度旋涡漂移仍然存在,但旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系发生了改变,相应的旋涡对断面做功也会发生改变[1];同时,上表面前缘分离涡尺度减小,对断面作用强度减弱,即增设导流板可减少旋涡对断面的能量输入。由此可推测,导流板通过改变旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系,同时减小旋涡作用强度,从而减少周围流场对断面的能量输入,达到抑制涡振效应的目的,与增设导流板后分布气动力矩贡献值减小相吻合。
对于原始断面下表面,上、下游检修轨道处分别存在一分离泡,上游分离泡尺度基本不变,下游分离泡在下游斜腹板处发展为大尺度尾涡。增设导流板后,上游检修轨道处分离泡尺度减小,下游斜腹板处尾涡尺度减小,增设导流板前后底板均无明显旋涡漂移。因此,可认为原始断面与导流板断面扭转涡振主要由上表面大尺度前缘分离涡主导。
原始断面上表面旋涡形成机理示意图如图11所示。由图1011可知,气流沿着迎风侧上斜腹板与来流方向成一定角度斜向上流动,并在人行道栏杆基座处产生分离,在人行道栏杆与防撞栏之间形成分离涡,分离后的气流斜向上通过边防撞栏上方第2、3道横栏区域,并在两道横栏尾缘产生分离,在其后方形成旋涡负压区,逐渐由上游区域向中部发展形成大尺度旋涡。增设抑流板后,上表面前缘扶手和防撞栏之间气流路径改变,水平穿过防撞栏的横栏,小旋涡无法聚集形成大的旋涡,无明显大尺度旋涡规律性脱落和漂移,下表面检修轨道处分离泡无明显变化,可知增设抑流板主要抑制上表面旋涡产生,对下表面影响较小。由此可知上表面前缘产生的大尺度分离涡周期性漂移是原始断面涡振发生的主要原因,增设抑流板抑制了上述分离涡的产生,故涡振现象消失。抑流板抑制竖向涡振机理[16]与抑制扭转涡振机理类似。
综上所述,原始断面与导流板断面上表面存在大尺度旋涡漂移,且旋涡从产生到脱落经过的时长为2.5个断面振动周期,下表面无明显旋涡漂移,由于上表面区域分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献远大于下表面,可知上表面分布气动力矩特性及对应流场特征对扭转涡振起主导作用。增设导流板后上表面旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系改变,同时旋涡尺度减小,旋涡对断面作用强度减小,周围流场对断面的能量输入减少,涡振响应大幅减小。增设抑流板则抑制了上表面大尺度旋涡的产生,扭转涡振消失。
旋涡漂移可用表面压力与断面位移的相位差和涡激力矩与断面位移的相位差之间的差值Δφ表征[14]图12给出了主梁断面与导流板断面上表面压力与涡激力矩相位差空间分布特征。原始断面除上游风嘴处,相位差沿来流方向单调递减,近似线性变化,表征前缘分离涡沿来流方向匀速向下游漂移。旋涡漂移起点至终点相位差之间的差值为876.52°,即旋涡从前缘分离到尾缘脱落经过的漂移时长约为2.5个断面振动周期。增设导流板后上表面风压与涡激力矩相位差分布基本不变,旋涡漂移路径首尾相位差之间的差值为914.16°,与原始断面基本一致。
结合3.2节流场特征可知,旋涡从上表面前缘分离并沿下游周期性漂移,且在漂移的过程中尺度逐渐增大,故涡振时原始断面和导流板断面与周围流场之间复杂的流固耦合现象可用简化涡方法[1]表达,如图13所示。图13中,Fvortex表示旋涡对断面的作用力,BA表示旋涡漂移距离,即旋涡从分离点产生到断面下游人行道栏杆处脱落经过的距离,Ds为旋涡横向间距,可表示为:
式中,Uvor为旋涡漂移速度。
简化涡绕流模式中,旋涡漂移速度与断面振动周期之间关系为:
式中,(n+0.5)表示旋涡从前缘产生漂移至尾缘脱落经过的断面振动周期数,n为扭转涡振简化涡模态阶数,当n=1时为1阶扭转涡振简化涡模态,当n=2时为2阶扭转涡振简化涡模态,以此类推。旋涡从前缘分离到尾缘脱落经过的时长为:
旋涡漂移速度与来流风速之比为:
通过简化涡方法得到潜在涡振锁定区的计算折减风速为:
原始断面与导流板断面简化涡模态参数如表1所示,表中流线型箱梁断面原始断面竖向涡振简化涡模态参数见文献[14]。原始断面和导流板断面扭转涡振折减风速与简化涡方法所得计算折减风速误差较小,则认为原始断面和导流板断面扭转涡振由上表面前缘分离涡主导,符合2阶扭转简化涡模态。流线型箱梁原始断面存在3阶竖向涡振锁定区[1],其中第3阶竖向涡振锁定区上表面旋涡漂移符合1阶竖向简化涡模态。
综上所述,原始断面与导流板断面扭转涡振由上表面前缘产生的分离涡主导,旋涡漂移时长为(2+0.5)个断面振动周期,对应2阶扭转简化涡模态;原始断面第3阶竖向涡振由上表面前缘产生的分离涡主导,旋涡漂移时长为1个断面振动周期,对应1阶竖向简化涡模态。增设抑流板抑制了上表面前缘分离涡的产生,破坏2阶简化涡模态,扭转涡振现象消失。增设导流板不改变上表面旋涡漂移对应的简化涡模态,仅改变旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系与前缘分离涡尺度,扭转涡振效应减弱。
针对典型流线型闭口箱梁断面开展大尺度节段模型测振测压风洞试验,分析典型风速下原始断面与优化断面分布气动力矩贡献,并与竖向涡振进行对比,结合数值模拟方法推演扭转简化涡模态,深入揭示了扭转涡振及检修轨道导流板和抑流板抑振机理。主要结论如下:
(1)扭转涡振对于断面表面的附属设施十分敏感。增设检修轨道导流板可以降低扭转涡振响应,断面扭转涡振位移减少幅度达35.7%,增设抑流板后断面扭转涡振现象消失。
(2)断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡振起主导作用。原始断面与导流板断面上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩贡献远大于下表面,增设导流板后,上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献值降低,故涡振响应减小。增设栏杆扶手抑流板后上表面分布气动力矩对涡激力矩的贡献值急剧减小,沿下游变化趋向平均分布,涡振现象消失。
(3)扭转涡振由大尺度的前缘分离涡在断面上表面的周期性漂移主导。前缘分离涡漂移时长约为2.5个断面振动周期,对应2阶简化涡模态。增设导流板改变旋涡漂移模式与断面振动之间的相位关系及旋涡对断面作用强度,周围流场对断面输入能量减少,扭转涡振效应减弱;增设抑流板抑制了上表面前缘分离涡的产生,涡振现象得以消除。
简化涡方法可极大简化涡振时桥梁-流体之间复杂的流固耦合关系,由贡献值等统计特征推演关键流场特征-旋涡运动。然而,该方法难以准确表征主梁表面涡激气动力时空分布特征。未来将深入研究涡激气动力时空分布演变特征,提炼关键气动力时空分布模式,建立“气动力特性-流场特征-运动状态”全链条分析体系,深入揭示涡振效应物理机制。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108471)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005301)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004105)
  • 湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2022002)
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009
  • 接收时间:2023-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-15
  • 修回日期:2023-08-04
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108471)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005301)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004105)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2022002)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学城市建设学院,湖北 武汉 430065
    2.武汉科技大学城市更新湖北省工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430065
    3.同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海 200092

通讯作者:

赵林(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.009
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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