Article(id=1228295803106685132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680451200000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-03, revisedDate=1689696000000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778140093, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778140093, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778140093, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778140093, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295801890336965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='223', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778139803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949100774, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012864237760764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295801890336965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=411, endPage=419, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295803387703500, articleId=1228295803106685132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Feature extraction and analysis of friction acoustic emission signal at mechanical seal interface, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Research on the identification and diagnosis of high-frequency friction signals under abnormal contact conditions of mechanical seals is limited. Therefore, a seal monitoring test-bed is established using high-frequency, wide-range, and highly sensitive acoustic emission (AE) technology. Acoustic emission signals are collected under various operating conditions of the mechanical seal, including start-stop, no pressure, low pressure, high pressure, low speed, and high speed. Then the collected data are processed and analyzed using time-domain, frequency-domain and time-frequency-domain analysis methods. A method for determining the interface friction state of the mechanical seal, based on the root mean square (RMS) change of the AE signal, is established. This method reveals the corresponding relationship between the end-face friction signal and the running state of the mechanical seal, from contact to non-contact, and further proves the seal operation process. The research identifies the evolution of the friction signal during the transition from boundary lubrication (BL) and mixed lubrication (ML) in end-face contact friction to sliding contact signals under non-contact hydrodynamic lubrication(HL). The frequency band of the AE signal during seal interface friction is found to be between 240 kHz and 320 kHz. Through time-frequency analysis of the AE signal, it is shown that continuous wavelet transform (CWT) effectively represents the time-frequency characteristics of the AE signal under different working conditions of the mechanical seal. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical foundation and data support for research on mechanical seal condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

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机械密封非正常接触状况下的高频摩擦信号识别与诊断研究较为匮乏,因此采用高频宽域与强灵敏的声发射技术,搭建密封监测试验台,采集机械密封启停、无压、低压、高压、低速、高速等运行状况下的声发射信号。使用时域、频域和时频域分析方法处理试验数据,进行测试,并建立基于AE信号均方根(RMS)值变化判定机械密封界面摩擦状态的方法,揭示了机械密封从接触式到非接触式过程中的端面摩擦信号与运行状态的对应关系,进一步探明了密封运行过程中,从端面接触摩擦的边界润滑(BL)与混合润滑(ML),逐渐转变为非接触下流体动力润滑(HL)状态的滑动接触信号演变规律,获取了密封界面摩擦时的AE信号频率带范围(240~320 kHz),并通过对AE信号进行时频分析,发现了连续小波变换(CWT)能有效表征机械密封不同工况下的AE信号时频特征信息。本文研究结果为机械密封状态监测和故障诊断的研究提供了理论基础和数据支撑。

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刘柱(1995—),男,硕士生。E-mail:
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陆俊杰(1990—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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注:横坐标公式中n表示粗糙表面峰点数;v表示相对滑动速度;W表示总载荷量。

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Test data acquisition parameter setting

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工作状态进气压力/MPa电机转速/(r·min-1)采样频率/kHz通道设置采样时间/min
空转050~20001250双通道2
盘车0.1~20
运行0.1~250~2000
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试验数据采集参数设置

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工作状态进气压力/MPa电机转速/(r·min-1)采样频率/kHz通道设置采样时间/min
空转050~20001250双通道2
盘车0.1~20
运行0.1~250~2000
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Seal the corresponding AE signal characteristics in different states

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密封状态波形幅值/V频率/kHzRMS变化趋势
边界润滑1~2240~320上升
混合润滑0.5~1240~320下降
流体动力润滑<0.1<240上升
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密封不同状态下对应的AE信号特征

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密封状态波形幅值/V频率/kHzRMS变化趋势
边界润滑1~2240~320上升
混合润滑0.5~1240~320下降
流体动力润滑<0.1<240上升
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机械密封界面摩擦声发射信号的特征提取与分析
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陆俊杰 1 , 刘柱 1, 2 , 丁俊华 2 , 高德 1 , 丁雪兴 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(2): 411-419
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(2): 411-419
机械密封界面摩擦声发射信号的特征提取与分析
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陆俊杰1 , 刘柱1, 2 , 丁俊华2, 高德1, 丁雪兴2
作者信息
  • 1.浙大宁波理工学院宁波市极端密封重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100
  • 2.兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 陆俊杰(1990—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘柱(1995—),男,硕士生。E-mail:
Feature extraction and analysis of friction acoustic emission signal at mechanical seal interface
Junjie LU1 , Zhu LIU1, 2 , Junhua DING2, De GAO1, Xuexing DING2
Affiliations
  • 1.Ningbo Key Laboratory of Advanced Seal, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 2.School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.020
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机械密封非正常接触状况下的高频摩擦信号识别与诊断研究较为匮乏,因此采用高频宽域与强灵敏的声发射技术,搭建密封监测试验台,采集机械密封启停、无压、低压、高压、低速、高速等运行状况下的声发射信号。使用时域、频域和时频域分析方法处理试验数据,进行测试,并建立基于AE信号均方根(RMS)值变化判定机械密封界面摩擦状态的方法,揭示了机械密封从接触式到非接触式过程中的端面摩擦信号与运行状态的对应关系,进一步探明了密封运行过程中,从端面接触摩擦的边界润滑(BL)与混合润滑(ML),逐渐转变为非接触下流体动力润滑(HL)状态的滑动接触信号演变规律,获取了密封界面摩擦时的AE信号频率带范围(240~320 kHz),并通过对AE信号进行时频分析,发现了连续小波变换(CWT)能有效表征机械密封不同工况下的AE信号时频特征信息。本文研究结果为机械密封状态监测和故障诊断的研究提供了理论基础和数据支撑。

机械密封  /  声发射  /  摩擦  /  状态识别

Research on the identification and diagnosis of high-frequency friction signals under abnormal contact conditions of mechanical seals is limited. Therefore, a seal monitoring test-bed is established using high-frequency, wide-range, and highly sensitive acoustic emission (AE) technology. Acoustic emission signals are collected under various operating conditions of the mechanical seal, including start-stop, no pressure, low pressure, high pressure, low speed, and high speed. Then the collected data are processed and analyzed using time-domain, frequency-domain and time-frequency-domain analysis methods. A method for determining the interface friction state of the mechanical seal, based on the root mean square (RMS) change of the AE signal, is established. This method reveals the corresponding relationship between the end-face friction signal and the running state of the mechanical seal, from contact to non-contact, and further proves the seal operation process. The research identifies the evolution of the friction signal during the transition from boundary lubrication (BL) and mixed lubrication (ML) in end-face contact friction to sliding contact signals under non-contact hydrodynamic lubrication(HL). The frequency band of the AE signal during seal interface friction is found to be between 240 kHz and 320 kHz. Through time-frequency analysis of the AE signal, it is shown that continuous wavelet transform (CWT) effectively represents the time-frequency characteristics of the AE signal under different working conditions of the mechanical seal. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical foundation and data support for research on mechanical seal condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

mechanical seal  /  acoustic emission  /  friction  /  status identification
陆俊杰, 刘柱, 丁俊华, 高德, 丁雪兴. 机械密封界面摩擦声发射信号的特征提取与分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (2) : 411 -419 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.020
Junjie LU, Zhu LIU, Junhua DING, De GAO, Xuexing DING. Feature extraction and analysis of friction acoustic emission signal at mechanical seal interface[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (2) : 411 -419 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.020
机械密封经常会面临故障诊断困难、寿命难以预测、突发性失效和安全裕量过大等问题[1]。为了避免上述问题,已有大量基于振动分析[2-3]、涡流[4]和超声波检测[5]等技术的研究应用于机械密封运行状态监测和故障诊断。然而,振动分析受轴速度的影响、测试电涡流信号需破坏密封结构、超声波检测成本过高等原因阻碍了流体动密封诊断测试技术的发展,更为严峻的是,流体动密封没有可用于故障诊断研究的标准数据库,尚不能正确地判断机封故障。因此,探究新的机械密封运行状态监测技术,获得大量高品质的密封运行状态数据,探明密封故障特征值,对于机械密封大数据监测和智能运维十分重要。
声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术作为一种无损检测技术,已被证明对涡轮机[6]、轴承[7-8]和机械密封[9-10]等旋转机械的摩擦学行为非常敏感。HUANG等[11-12]和FAN等[13]利用声发射技术对启停阶段的密封界面接触状态进行了大量研究,其研究成果表明AE技术具有检测机械密封早期故障的优势;李晓辉等[14-15]利用声发射技术测量机械密封的端面膜厚,研究声发射能量在密封启动过程中的变化规律,证明了声发射技术能有效实现机械密封界面状态的无损检测。上述研究都充分证明了AE技术能有效识别端面接触状态,但并未报告该技术在机械密封中识别密封界面润滑状态的应用,特别是对密封实际运行时的不同运行工况下(低压、高压、启停、低速、高速等)密封端面所处的不同润滑状态进行具体和全面的研究。此外,之前的研究对机械密封的声发射状态监测提供的信息相对较少,也没有针对特定情况实施全面的故障检测,对于机械密封全域运行状态AE信号监测的研究尚处于空白,机械密封状态监测和数字化运维缺乏密封运行状态数据的支撑。另一方面,AE技术在检测刀具磨损、管道壁厚以及管道泄漏等方面具有一定的应用场景,但是在机械密封、干气密封等流体动密封领域还未实现工程化应用,主要的痛点在于动密封在工作过程中属于接触与非接触的快速转变,但是由于设备的外在因素和结构等多方面的干扰,密封的动静环会产生碰摩,从而形成高频的摩擦信号。目前对于高频摩擦信号辨识方面的研究较少。
基于上述研究基础,本文搭建密封台架与测试系统,采用高频宽域与强灵敏的声发射仪器,监测机械密封启停、无压、低压、高压、低速、高速等不同运行状态下的声发射信号,并对机械密封声发射信号进行时域、频域、时频域全方位分析,提取AE特征,探明密封不同故障模式下的特征信号,并提出将均方根(RMS)值作为密封界面接触状态的评价指标,从而诊断机械密封运行状态。
试验系统主要由三部分组成,分别是传动系统、供气系统、密封系统。传动系统:本次试验采用大功率电机作为直接驱动电源,电机功率为11 kW,最高转速为3000 r/min;供气系统:由过滤器、压力表、流量计、减压阀等组成,气路压力最高可达8 MPa,气路为多接口集成,可供密封试验台进行密封气供给和收集;密封系统:采用双端面机械密封,如图1所示,密封试件静环(静止环)和密封压盖(法兰盘)固定在密封腔的外壳上,带动环(旋转环)安装在主轴上,补偿力由弹簧提供。
本次试验采用的机械密封声发射信号监测系统如图1所示。为提高测试精度,本次试验采用高精度全信息网络声发射仪(采集器),型号为PXDAQ24260B,采样频率为2.5 MHz,频率带宽为13~1035 kHz。
密封界面的摩擦特性是影响非接触式密封可靠性、使用寿命和密封性能的关键参数[16]。非接触式机械密封在启动过程和低速(0~100 r/min)运转过程中,由于动压效应不足,气膜还未形成,弹簧补偿力与高压气体背压会让密封动静环端面完全接触产生干摩擦。随着转速逐渐增大,动压效应增强,但气膜尚不稳定,动静环会由完全接触转变为局部接触状态。直至转速增加至一定值,气膜厚度产生极高的气膜刚度,此时,气膜和弹簧补偿力达到平衡,密封稳定运行,动静环端面完全脱开。
图2所示,根据斯特里贝克曲线,旋转环和固定环之间的摩擦状态可根据运行参数和健康状况分为边界润滑(BL)、混合润滑(ML)和流体动力润滑(HL)。机械密封的最佳操作区域在从ML到HL状态的过渡点附近,此时密封界面摩擦和泄漏最小[17-18]。在机械密封运转过程中,BL状态是机械密封最不理想的状态,因为它会产生过度磨损、干摩擦导致密封动静环端面损坏,从而大幅缩短密封寿命[19]。尤其在密封低速、低压状态下,密封流体膜刚度不足,摆动、碰摩等状态将会频发。
当密封界面发生接触时,此时滑动表面的粗糙接触产生高频摩擦应力波信号,其为声发射信号的主要来源;当在流体动力润滑状态下,AE信号主要由密封界面处的润滑剂层剪切引起的黏性摩擦[20]产生。声发射信号的均方根(RMS)值作为反映声发射能量强弱的指标,与滑动接触中声发射源机制的多重作用存在强烈的关系[21-22]
本次试验采用双通道监测系统,如图1所示,两支声发射传感器,轴向前后、径向90°夹角布置,采用机械压缩与磁性固定器来保证声发射传感器的稳定性,在接触界填充超声耦合剂以保证良好的信号传输。这样的布置方式提高了测试精度,减小了信号衰减,同时也不用改变密封结构,是一种无损检测方式。
表1所示,机械密封声发射测量试验在7个不同的压力下进行,对于每个压力,记录在12种不同转速下的数据,以产生机械密封的不同摩擦学状态。首先进行正常密封运转试验,密封动环槽型选择经典螺旋槽。为了消除其他因素的干扰,还进行了无密封空转和手动转动对比试验,无密封试验是指将密封组件的动环和静环拆下,其余部分安装到密封外腔内运转,此时声发射监测到的信号主要来源于轴承。本次使用的声发射传感器温度范围为-25 ℃至+120 ℃,这是由于温度低于-25 ℃或高于+120 ℃后,将会影响压电效应。声发射在高温下的轴向热膨胀系数为+2 ppm/℃,低温下的轴向热膨胀系数为-5 ppm/℃。AE信号能量主要是以弹性波形式释放出应变能,密封端面接触产生的温度变化对AE信号的影响极小;另一方面,将声发射放置在了密封腔体外,随后通过外夹具进行了吸附,整体运行过程中声发射探头一直保持在一个正常的温度。
图3为机械密封在0.1 MPa恒定压力下,分别在50、100、200、600、1000和1800 r/min转速下运行时的AE信号原始波形图和频谱图。从图3(a)、(b)和(c)中可以看到,密封转速在50、100和200 r/min时原始波形的最高幅值在2 V左右,频谱图中,最高频率在300 kHz左右。当转速处于600 r/min时,如图3(d)所示,原始信号波形幅值小于1 V,频谱图中最高频率带位于250~300 kHz。而在密封转速超过1000 r/min时,可以看到图3(e)和(f)中,波形幅值明显下降,低于0.1 V,信号频率带左移,低于200 kHz的范围。但图3(f)中AE信号波形略高于图3(e),这是由于当机械密封转速达到一定值,端面脱开时,AE波形幅值和频率会受到转速影响,转速越高,声发射能量越高,波形幅值就会越大。
密封在低速下AE信号幅值较大的原因与干气密封运行机理有关,干气密封在低转速下,密封端面动压效应不足,气膜刚度不够,导致密封动静环端面会相互接触碰摩,此时监测到的AE信号能量较高,波形幅值比较大。然而随着转速增大,干气密封转速达到一定值,气膜稳定,密封端面完全脱开,此时干气密封运行状态稳定,没有摩擦,因此AE信号能量较低。
从原始波形和频谱中初步确定了密封接触状态下的声发射波形能量范围和频率带,为了进一步验证机械密封摩擦时的频率带,还进行了空转试验以及对比验证。机械密封在空转过程中,AE信号将会采集转子、轴承、密封与其余背景噪声的混合体。
图4(a)所示,在无密封运行时,AE能量主要集中在10~50 kHz(点A)和120~170 kHz(点B);机械密封正常运转试验如图4(b)所示,通过频谱分析发现,除了无密封试验中的两个频率范围(点A和点B)的AE信号,还出现了一个高频信号带240~320 kHz(点C)。因此可以推断出,该频率范围是由机械密封运行时产生的,说明机械密封运行过程会产生高频信号且范围是240~320 kHz。
正确地表征机械密封运行状态特征信息是机械密封状态监测和故障诊断研究的关键性问题,信号的时域和频域特征可通过波形和频率体现,为了更加精确地提取特征信息,利用MATLAB软件设计了带通滤波器,通过滤波形式将无关信息剔除,把能呈现密封摩擦学行为的波形和频率保留下来。通过对比试验确定了240~320 kHz频带范围是由于机械密封运行过程中的端面接触产生的摩擦学AE信号,因此选择保留该部分的信息。
与密封摩擦学行为相关的频率在240~320 kHz的频带范围,图5展示了滤波后频率位于240~320 kHz的AE信号波形和频谱分析,在图5(a)、(b)和(c)中滤波后得到的频率主要集中在270~320 kHz,波形最高幅值大于0.5 V;图5(d)中滤波后的AE波形较小,在0.1 V左右;图5(e)和(f)中滤波后得到的波形和频率幅值极其微小,因此,可以认为该状态下没有位于240~320 kHz频率范围的有效AE信号。这是因为密封在低速状态下,端面尚未完全打开,密封界面摩擦学行为会产生高频(240~320 kHz)AE信号。而在转速大于1000 r/min的中高速运转状态下,密封界面处于流体动力润滑状态,机械密封稳定运行,端面完全打开,因此信号幅值小,且无高频部分的AE信号。
声发射的能量可以用计数率和均方根(RMS)值等表示。研究表明,在声发射信号参数中,声发射信号的均方根值与滑动接触中声发射源机制的多重相互作用之间存在很强的关系[1118]。因此本文选用均方根值来对机械密封声发射信号进行分析,其表达式为:
式中,ΔT为时间常数;V(τ)为信号的电压。
为了研究声发射能量与机械密封界面接触状态的关系,利用信号RMS值来代替声发射能量。图6为机械密封正常运转和空转状态下声发射能量与转速的对应关系。从图6中可以看出,机械密封在0.1 MPa压力下正常运转时,信号RMS值随着转速的变化趋势分为三个阶段,当转速低于100 r/min时,声发射信号RMS值随着转速的增大而增大;而在100~1000 r/min时,信号RMS值则随着转速的增大而减小;在1000 r/min以后,RMS值开始随着转速的增大而增大,并且变化趋势与空转状态下一致。在无密封空转时,AE信号RMS值随着转速的增大一直增大。
造成上述结果的原因是声发射AE源机制。显然,AE信号的RMS值在最低速度下明显增加,这是因为低速下机械密封界面螺旋槽提供的动压不足,由于弹簧补偿力的作用,使得密封界面存在粗糙表面高频接触,此时,边界润滑(BL)占主导地位,AE能量受滑动速度的影响更为显著,声发射信号RMS值随滑动速度线性增加[23]。通过将速度增加到曲线最高点,由于润滑条件的改善,RMS值开始随着转速的升高而下降。当速度逐渐增加时,发生从混合润滑(ML)到流体动力润滑(HL)状态的转变,即转速达到1000 r/min以后,密封界面完全脱开,此时机械密封RMS值和空转时的值相近,变化趋势一致,RMS值随着速度的增加再次增加。
根据图5的信号规律和图6的声发射能量趋势,密封不同状态下对应的AE信号特征如表2所示。
图7给出了机械密封不同压力下声发射能量随转速的变化情况,当密封压力恒定且速度逐渐增加时,在健康基线和部分干运转测试之间对AE均方根值进行了比较。从图中可以看到,机械密封分别在0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 MPa恒定压力下运转时,当转速低于200 r/min,转速增大,RMS值减小,这是由于机械密封转速增大,密封界面螺旋槽动压效应更加显著,使得机械密封界面逐渐脱开,由混合润滑状态转变为流体动力润滑状态,AE信号能量减小。而在转速大于200 r/min时,转速继续增大,密封界面完全脱开,在流体动力润滑状态下,AE信号能量随着转速的升高逐渐增大。
图7中可以看出,当密封压力处于2.0 MPa时,声发射能量在低速下依然是随着转速线性增加的,声发射能量此时受到转速的影响更为显著,说明此时密封界面之间没有接触,处于流体动力润滑状态。
小波变换是一种应用效果较为卓越的时频分析方法,通常包括连续小波变换(continuous wavelet transform,CWT)、离散小波变换和小波包变换[24-25]。小波变换的基本原理如下,母小波可表示为[26-27]
式中,ψab表示小波基函数;a表示尺度因子且a>0,用于控制小波函数的缩放比例;b表示平移因子且bRt表示时间。
对于任意信号函数s(t)∈L2(R),L2(R)为平方可积函数,其相应的CWT变换可以表示为[26]
式中,Ws(ab)表示小波变换系数;“*”表示共轭。
采用CWT进行信号分析时,基函数的选择需要综合考虑对称性、正则性和相似性等多方面的因素。其中,ComplexMorlet小波是Morlet小波的复数形式,与普通小波相比,其在时频域均具有良好的分辨率,且拥有更好的自适应性能[28]
ComplexMorlet小波表达式为:
式中,fb表示小波宽度;fc表示小波中心频率;i为虚数单位。
时频分析的优势主要为:时频分析方法可以将原始一维时域信号变换为二维时频域特征图像;能够同时保留传感器信号的时域特征信息和频域特征信息。连续小波变换时频分析方法克服了傅里叶变换存在的分辨率不能随时间与频率的变化而改变的不足,在分析非线性平稳信号方面展现出了独特的优势。
图8显示了机械密封在恒定压力0.1 MPa时,不同运转速度下的时频分析图。在之前的分析中,已经确定机械密封在0.1 MPa,50 r/min工况下运转时,机械密封界面处于干摩擦状态,即边界润滑状态,如图8(a)和(b)所示,此时AE信号含有高频部分(250~270 kHz),且信号能量较高。图8(c)和(d)分别为机械密封在200和600 r/min时的AE信号时频分析,从图中可以看到,此时AE信号仍然存在高频部分,但能量较小,这是因为此时机械密封界面处于混合润滑状态,随着转速增大,机械密封界面逐渐脱开,端面接触力越来越小。当转速增加至1000 r/min时,端面完全脱开,处于流体动力润滑状态,如图8(e)和(f)所示,此时AE 信号能量极低,且只有相对低频的信号,所有信号频率小于150 kHz。通过信号时频分析,可以同时分析信号时域特征和频域特征,多方位表征机械密封AE信号的特征信息。
本文通过机械密封AE信号检测试验,以及对试验数据的处理,证明了声发射测量在监测机械密封界面接触状态方面的有效性。密封环摩擦状态下信号的变化规律,对应了不同摩擦状态下的特征信号,捕捉到了有效信号,并用RMS值指标揭示了密封摩擦副在滑动接触过程中,声发射能量与转速、压力的关系,阐明了密封运行状态,同时得到以下结论:
(1)试验数据分析结果显示,机械密封运行过程中,AE信号能够快速响应密封端面接触所产生的摩擦学行为,摩擦AE信号频率在试验材料动环为SiC以及静环为石墨时展现出240~320 kHz的高频带。
(2)AE信号统计参数中,RMS值与密封作业时所产生的端面滑动接触AE源机制的多重交互作用之间存在着强烈的对应关系。
(3)通过连续小波变换,分析机械密封不同转速下AE信号的时域特征和频域特征,能够识别其不同润滑状态,并且与RMS值分析结果相吻合。同时,相对于时域和频域分析,时频分析能够更为明显地找到密封端面摩擦AE信号特征。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY22E050010)
  • 宁波市自然科学基金-青年博士创新研究项目(2022J152)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905480)
  • “科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z007)
  • “科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z054)
  • 固体润滑国家重点实验室基金项目(LSL-1912)
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.02.020
  • 接收时间:2023-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-03
  • 修回日期:2023-07-19
基金
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY22E050010)
宁波市自然科学基金-青年博士创新研究项目(2022J152)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905480)
“科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z007)
“科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z054)
固体润滑国家重点实验室基金项目(LSL-1912)
作者信息
    1.浙大宁波理工学院宁波市极端密封重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100
    2.兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730050

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刘柱(1995—),男,硕士生。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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