Article(id=1228048672420725575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1653840000000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-30, revisedDate=1658678400000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770719219546, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770719219546, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770719219546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770719219546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228048667874095618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='365', pageEnd='538', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770719218462, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795476854, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228368518803030940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228368518803030941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=394, endPage=401, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228048672630440777, articleId=1228048672420725575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Dynamic characteristic analysis of foil gas bearings based on fluid-structure coupling, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the finite element software ANSYS Workbench,the finite element model of the foil gas bearing movement in compressible fluid medium is established,and the fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation of the bearing movement state is carried out by using the 6DOF dynamic grid calculation method. The influence of different speed and wave foil structure parameters (length ratio,height and thickness of wave foil) on dynamic characteristics of bearing is discussed. The simulation results show that with the increase of rotational speed,the bearing capacity increases,but the stability decreases,and the instability phenomenon is more likely to occur. When the length ratio is between 1~1.5 and the thickness is 0.16 mm,it can not only ensure the high stiffness of the bearing,but also obtain large damping. The height of wave foil is inversely proportional to the dynamic characteristics of bearing. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the simulation calculation method. Meanwhile,the research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the wave foil structure,improving the dynamic characteristics of bearings and improving the stability.

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基于有限元软件ANSYS Workbench,建立箔片气体轴承在可压缩流体介质中运动的有限元模型,采用6DOF动网格计算方法对轴承的运动状态进行流固耦合数值模拟,探讨了不同转速和波箔片结构参数(波箔片的长度比、高度以及厚度)对轴承动态特性的影响规律。仿真结果表明:转速增加,轴承的承载能力增加,但稳定性有所下降,更容易发生失稳现象;选取波箔片的长度比在1~1.5之间、厚度为0.16 mm,既可以保证轴承具有较高的刚度,同时又能获得较大的阻尼;波箔片高度与轴承动态特性成反比关系。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了仿真计算方法的正确性和有效性。同时本文的研究为优化波箔片结构,改善轴承动态特性,提高轴承运行稳定性提供理论依据。

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贾晨辉(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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贾晨辉(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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贾晨辉(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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1.1-电主轴;1.2-刀具短轴;1.3-循环冷却水泵;1.4-驱动器;1.5-油气发生装置;1.6-高精密过滤器;1.7-空气压缩机;2-径向箔片气体轴承;3-加载装置;4.1,4.2-xy方向电涡流位移传感器;4.3-光电传感器;4.4-温度传感器;4.5-数据采集仪;4.6-计算机

, figureFileSmall=C+1fKm4b8N0oCuCplU0OeA==, figureFileBig=F0wfz99CPJWj6VZlp7Myow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048698115031693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Physical diagram of test bench, figureFileSmall=XCtP8hpHVDC4anJdWQM3uw==, figureFileBig=Um1Va6zf53Ql7SzSQlRkZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048698194723475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=CN, label=图10, caption=测试试验台实物图, figureFileSmall=XCtP8hpHVDC4anJdWQM3uw==, figureFileBig=Um1Va6zf53Ql7SzSQlRkZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048698270220953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of dynamic characteristic coefficients, figureFileSmall=C3aFwKxyFtJrsJE8NPsjsQ==, figureFileBig=FxO5SAOY1okj6NgEnL+s2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048698345718431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=CN, label=图11, caption=动态特性系数对比, figureFileSmall=C3aFwKxyFtJrsJE8NPsjsQ==, figureFileBig=FxO5SAOY1okj6NgEnL+s2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048698442187430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structure parameters of foil gas bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构参数数值
轴承直径D/mm21
轴承宽度L/mm15.5
平均气膜厚度h/30
平箔片厚度/mm0.2
波箔片厚度/mm0.1
波箔片高度/mm0.5
波箔片波距/mm3.75
波箔片半波长度/mm1.5
波箔个数20
箔片材料密度/(kg∙m-3)8000
箔片材料弹性模量E/Pa2.14×1011
箔片材料泊松比0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1228048698568016557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048672420725575, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

箔片气体轴承结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构参数数值
轴承直径D/mm21
轴承宽度L/mm15.5
平均气膜厚度h/30
平箔片厚度/mm0.2
波箔片厚度/mm0.1
波箔片高度/mm0.5
波箔片波距/mm3.75
波箔片半波长度/mm1.5
波箔个数20
箔片材料密度/(kg∙m-3)8000
箔片材料弹性模量E/Pa2.14×1011
箔片材料泊松比0.3
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基于流固耦合的箔片气体轴承动态特性分析
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贾晨辉 , 刘书明 , 刘恒 , 马文锁 , 李东东 , 张飞
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(3): 394-401
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(3): 394-401
基于流固耦合的箔片气体轴承动态特性分析
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贾晨辉 , 刘书明, 刘恒, 马文锁, 李东东, 张飞
作者信息
  • 河南科技大学机电工程学院,河南 洛阳 471003
  • 贾晨辉(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

Dynamic characteristic analysis of foil gas bearings based on fluid-structure coupling
Chen-hui Jia , Shu-ming Liu, Heng Liu, Wen-suo Ma, Dong-dong Li, Fei Zhang
Affiliations
  • School of Mechatronics Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.004
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基于有限元软件ANSYS Workbench,建立箔片气体轴承在可压缩流体介质中运动的有限元模型,采用6DOF动网格计算方法对轴承的运动状态进行流固耦合数值模拟,探讨了不同转速和波箔片结构参数(波箔片的长度比、高度以及厚度)对轴承动态特性的影响规律。仿真结果表明:转速增加,轴承的承载能力增加,但稳定性有所下降,更容易发生失稳现象;选取波箔片的长度比在1~1.5之间、厚度为0.16 mm,既可以保证轴承具有较高的刚度,同时又能获得较大的阻尼;波箔片高度与轴承动态特性成反比关系。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了仿真计算方法的正确性和有效性。同时本文的研究为优化波箔片结构,改善轴承动态特性,提高轴承运行稳定性提供理论依据。

箔片气体轴承  /  流固耦合  /  波箔片结构参数  /  动态特性  /  仿真

Based on the finite element software ANSYS Workbench,the finite element model of the foil gas bearing movement in compressible fluid medium is established,and the fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation of the bearing movement state is carried out by using the 6DOF dynamic grid calculation method. The influence of different speed and wave foil structure parameters (length ratio,height and thickness of wave foil) on dynamic characteristics of bearing is discussed. The simulation results show that with the increase of rotational speed,the bearing capacity increases,but the stability decreases,and the instability phenomenon is more likely to occur. When the length ratio is between 1~1.5 and the thickness is 0.16 mm,it can not only ensure the high stiffness of the bearing,but also obtain large damping. The height of wave foil is inversely proportional to the dynamic characteristics of bearing. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the simulation calculation method. Meanwhile,the research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the wave foil structure,improving the dynamic characteristics of bearings and improving the stability.

foil gas bearing  /  fluid-structure coupling  /  structural parameters of wave foil  /  dynamic characteristic  /  simulation
贾晨辉, 刘书明, 刘恒, 马文锁, 李东东, 张飞. 基于流固耦合的箔片气体轴承动态特性分析. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (3) : 394 -401 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.004
Chen-hui Jia, Shu-ming Liu, Heng Liu, Wen-suo Ma, Dong-dong Li, Fei Zhang. Dynamic characteristic analysis of foil gas bearings based on fluid-structure coupling[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (3) : 394 -401 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.004
箔片气体轴承是目前研究和使用最多的动压轴承,其具有显著的性能优势,例如:自作用,安全运行,无外部加压要求。由于其以空气作为润滑剂从而减少了润滑装置,且节省了维护成本,因此在航空、航天等领域得到了广泛应用。随着研究的不断深入,其在医疗器械和船舶等领域的应用也有重大突破1-2
李昊等3采用有限差分法和小扰动法,分析了箔片气体轴承中箔片安装位置对轴承的静/动态特性的影响,认为安装位置存在一“敏感”区间,在该区间内轴承的稳定性会受到严重影响,且该位置区间在数值上与轴承的偏位角近似互补,因此箔片安装位置在偏位角对侧时,能有效提高轴承的稳定性。梁波等4应用有限元理论提出了小柔度步计算方法,分析了不同平箔片厚度和不同波箔片弹性对轴承承载性能的影响,结果表明,波宽是影响轴承承载性能的重要参数,过小的平箔片厚度会引起气膜振荡。Zhao等5基于有限元理论使用梁单元将平箔片和波箔片进行离散,建立了考虑摩擦接触情况下的箔片结构二维非线性模型,发现摩擦会导致箔片结构的变形发生迟滞效应,且会影响轴承能量的耗散。随着研究的深入,冯凯等6利用有限元法对新型三瓣式箔片轴承展开研究,分析在接触面间库仑摩擦力条件下预载和安装角度对轴承静/动态规律的影响,发现安装角度对轴承的静/动态特性的影响呈正/余弦变化,同时发现预载可以提高轴承的负载能力。Xu等7在可压缩气体的雷诺方程的基础上,提出了流体结构相互作用的算法,分析了箔片气体轴承的静/动态特性,认为波箔片厚度与轴承的承载力成反比,与偏位角成正比,而波箔片间距恰恰相反,且平箔片厚度的增加会导致动态刚度、阻尼系数增加。吴垚等8利用MATLAB中的偏微分方程工具箱,探讨了轴承间隙、气体稀薄效应和轴承参数对轴承动态特性的影响,结果表明,轴承间隙在纳米级别时,轴承参数对动态特性影响较小,间隙减小、气体稀薄程度增加会导致动态刚度系数减小,阻尼系数增加。目前的理论研究一般以雷诺方程为基础,应用有限差分法和有限元法等方法将箔片轴承的波箔片简化为线性弹簧或梁单元等形式以构建箔片轴承的弹性模型,高估了波拱柔度,且在计算过程中认为波箔片与平箔片、轴承座的接触方式是线接触,并忽略了波箔片的周向变形,因此计算结果与实际情况存在一定的误差。随着计算流体力学理论的逐步完善和相关商业计算软件的不断成熟,一些学者成功采用ANSYS Workbench中的流固耦合仿真方法和6DOF动网格计算方法9模拟了研究对象的材料属性、接触和变形情况10-11,并取得了很好的研究成果,而国内少有采用该方法对箔片气体轴承进行的研究。
基于上述情况,本文以箔片气体轴承为研究对象,将流固耦合理论与流体润滑理论相结合,基于ANSYS Workbench仿真平台,借助流体求解器中的6DOF动网格计算方法,对气膜流场和弹性箔片间的相互作用进行流固耦合仿真。计算得到轴承的轴径气膜力、位移、速度等参数,进而对轴承的动态特性系数进行数值求解,分析轴承在不同转速和波箔片结构参数条件下的动态特性规律,为该轴承的设计与应用提供理论支撑。
箔片气体轴承由平箔片、波箔片与轴承壳体三部分构成。其中顶部光滑的平箔片形成轴承的内表面,与转子一同形成楔形间隙,为动压气膜的形成提供条件,该平箔片靠在由波纹状波箔制成的弹性支撑结构上。波箔片上每个凸起的波箔块都相当于一个小的弹簧,共同形成支撑结构,该结构为轴承提供结构刚度与阻尼,并会影响轴承的流体力学性能和最大负载能力。平箔片与波箔片的一端通过插槽固定在轴承壳体上,另一端自由延伸。
图1(a)为轴承结构示意图,图1(b)为波箔片结构示意图,其中,为波箔片高度,为波箔片厚度,为波箔片半波长度,为两凸起波箔块之间的距离。箔片气体轴承的结构参数如表1所示。在后期对多种波箔片设计参数的箔片气体轴承动态特性进行仿真分析时,为得出长度比、波箔片高度、波箔片厚度与动态特性的关系,采用控制变量法将参数设置为=1/2,=0.5 mm,=0.1 mm。
在有限元仿真计算中,网格的疏密程度会直接影响到计算结果的精确性。如果网格划分得很细密,虽然可以提高计算结果的精确度,但也会大大增加计算时间,而且当网格达到一定数量时,计算精度并不会明显提高,因此需要做网格无关性验证。本文以稳定后流体域输出的最大压力作为评价标准,从图2中可以看出,当流体域网格数量达到29万后,流体域输出最大压力随网格数量的变化基本不再改变,故流体域的网格划分数量为294196。因流体域外表面与平箔片内表面是流固耦合面,这两个面间的网格大小应尽可能一致,所以固体域的网格划分数量为50888。流体域和固体域网格划分如图3所示。
设定符合实际情况的边界条件对准确求解实际问题来说是极其重要的。边界条件的选定要充分考虑模型所处的环境状况、流体的类型以及相关控制方程等。针对本文研究的箔片气体轴承,各边界条件的设定如下:
(1)气膜内表面即转子外表面设置为旋转壁面,用来模拟转子的旋转运动。
(2)气膜外表面设置为无滑移壁面,其与平箔片的内表面构成流固耦合交界面。
(3)气膜两端面一端设置为压力入口边界条件,另一端设置为压力出口边界条件,压力数值大小为当地大气压值。
轴承的动态仿真计算是箔片气体轴承在特定的运行参数和结构参数条件下,通过流体求解器仿真求解楔形间隙内的流体压力分布,进而得到轴径的气膜力、位移、速度值。轴承的动态特性计算流程图如图4所示,其中Fluent(流体求解器)中的动网格可以将计算过程中发生变形的网格进行重构,使网格质量始终保持在较高水平,而有限差分法和有限元法很难达到这种条件;通讯模块System Coupling(SC)可以实现Fluent与Transient Structural(固体求解器)间的数据传递:Fluent先依据设定好的计算模型、求解算法与边界条件等对气膜模型进行仿真求解,求得的气膜压力分布与数值大小通过SC传递给Transient Structural作为结构分析的外载荷,待Transient Structural将箔片的变形结果求出后,再次通过SC将结构的位移数据传递给Fluent,作为流体域新的几何边界,如此反复迭代,直到耦合参与者均收敛。
首先编写6DOF动态程序,6DOF的含义为转子的6个自由度,即三个方向的旋转自由度和平移自由度;由于试验中采用了止推轴承,抵消了轴向的平移运动和xy方向的旋转运动,因此6DOF程序中应限制z方向的平移自由度和xy方向的旋转自由度,程序中还应包含转子的质量和转动惯量。同时还需编写DEFINE_EXECUTE_AT_END宏命令,此宏命令会对求解过程中每个时间步后的轴径分力进行提取备用;其次利用动网格方法将仿真求解的轴径轨迹数据保存到本地备用;然后利用流体求解器中的监视器,对求解过程中每个时间步后的轴径分速度进行提取备用;最后依据时间的先后顺序,把轴径沿xy方向的气膜力、速度和位移依次保存到EXCEL中备用。
由于时间步长非常短,连续5次输出的数据中转子运行状态和气膜力变化非常小,因此计算力、速度和位移的变化量时从第6组开始,然后由下式计算轴承的动态刚度、阻尼系数:
式中  分别表示轴承在xy方向的气膜力增量;分别表示轴承的动态刚度系数和阻尼系数;分别表示轴承在xy方向的位移增量和速度增量。
据此编写MATLAB程序,利用滚动迭代法进行数据处理,并对所求结果取平均值得到箔片气体轴承的动态特性系数。
图5为箔片气体轴承在不同转速下的动态刚度系数、阻尼系数的变化规律图。由于动态特性系数的正负只代表与假定方向是否相同,与数值大小无关,所以本文中对动态特性系数的描述均是相对于其绝对值而言。由图5(a)可以看出:主刚度系数变化趋势一致,均随转速的提高而增大,且主刚度系数要远大于交叉刚度系数;而交叉刚度系数随转速的变化则相对较为平缓。可以看出:主刚度系数主要起承载作用,随着转速的增加,轴承的承载能力得到提升。
图5(b)可以看出:随转速的提高,主阻尼系数显著减小,交叉阻尼系数则逐渐减小并趋于0,可见动态阻尼系数均随着转速的提高而减小。可以看出:主阻尼系数主要起抑制涡动的作用,随着转速的增加,轴承稳定性下降,更易发生轴承失稳现象。这与文献[12]的结论和规律基本一致。
图6为轴承在转速为40000 r/min时,不同长度比下的动态刚度系数、阻尼系数的变化规律图。由图6(a)可以看出:主刚度系数与交叉刚度系数的变化趋势一致,均随着的增加而增大,但对主刚度系数的影响要大于交叉刚度系数。由于箔片气体轴承的特殊结构致使其动态特性由气、固特性两部分共同决定1。当轴径的转速和偏心率一定时,轴承的动态特性主要受箔片材料和结构的影响,当增加波箔片长度比时,波箔片的结构刚度会增大,从而提高了波箔结构抵抗扰动的能力,轴承的动态刚度系数也随着波箔片长度比的增加而增大。
图6(b)可以看出:主阻尼系数的变化趋势一致,均随着波箔片长度比的增加而增大,而交叉阻尼系数的变化并不明显。轴承的动态阻尼特性一部分来自于箔片结构,而箔片的结构阻尼主要来自于平箔片与波箔片之间、波箔片与轴承座之间的库仑摩擦力,波箔片长度比的改变并未对库仑摩擦力造成影响,所以动态阻尼系数变化相对并不明显。综上所述,依据波箔片长度比对轴承动态特性系数的影响规律,在波箔片的几何形状设计中应尽可能使波箔片长度比在1~1.5之间,这样既可以保证轴承具有较高的刚度,同时又能获得较大的阻尼。
图7为轴承在转速为40000 r/min时,不同波箔片高度下的动态刚度系数、阻尼系数的变化规律图。由图7(a)与(b)可以看出:波箔片高度与轴承动态刚度系数、阻尼系数呈反比关系,从原理上分析,波箔片高度增加时,箔片就很容易发生变形,因此刚度系数、阻尼系数将会减小。在制造加工时,波箔片过低会给箔片成型带来困难,所以在波箔片的几何形状设计中应尽可能使波箔片高度的取值在0.5~0.6 mm之间。
图8为轴承在转速为40000 r/min时,不同波箔片厚度下的动态刚度系数、阻尼系数的变化规律图。由图8(a)可以看出:主刚度系数与交叉刚度系数的变化趋势一致,均随着波箔片厚度的增加而增大,但其对主刚度系数的影响要大于交叉刚度系数。当波箔片厚度超过0.16 mm时,刚度系数增大趋势变小。
图8(b)可以看出:主阻尼系数的变化趋势一致,均随着波箔片厚度的增加而增大,而交叉阻尼系数的变化并不明显。当波箔片厚度超过0.16 mm时,阻尼系数变化缓慢。可见波箔片厚度对轴承动态刚度系数、阻尼系数的影响也是通过改变波箔片的结构刚度实现的。综上所述,依据波箔片厚度对轴承动态特性系数的影响规律,在波箔片的几何形状设计中应尽可能使波箔片厚度的取值接近0.16 mm。
箔片动压气体轴承测试试验台由高速电主轴系统1(1.1~1.7)、被测轴承2、加载装置3、数据采集与处理系统4(4.1~4.6)四部分组成,图9所示为箔片动压气体轴承试验测试分析系统原理图。试验机安装在光学隔振平台上,高速电主轴驱动系统为箔片动压气体轴承试验台的动力装置,由高速电主轴、电主轴支座和刀具短轴组成,其最高转速可达100000 r/min。被测轴承安装在刀具短轴中间位置,被测轴承上端与加载装置相连接,由加载装置来实现载荷大小的改变。数据采集系统主要由电涡流位移传感器、光电传感器和温度传感器等采集轴承xy方向位移、转轴转速并存入数据库,数据处理系统用于实时监控与处理试验数据以得到所需的结果。图10为测试试验台实物图。
气体轴承转子运行时,轴承偏离稳态平衡位置,并在其周围进行变位运动时气膜力的变化情况,气膜力增量的位移扰动和速度扰动关系表达式指轴承在运行时,轴承偏离稳态平衡位置,并在其周围进行变位运动时气膜力的变化情况。结合气体轴承动力学方程,计算轴承的刚度系数和阻尼系数。
当轴承轴心在静平衡位置做微小运动时,气膜力的增量由如下线性关系表示:
轴承在静平衡位置进行微小运动时,轴承中心偏离静平衡位置在xy方向上的瞬时运行参数为,气膜力相应增量为ΔFx,ΔFy。则轴承运动方程为:
式中  m表示转子的质量。
联立式(2)和(3)可得到轴承的刚度、阻尼模型方程:
求解模型方程(4)轴承的刚度、阻尼系数,首先须求得模型方程的常数系数,经过数据预处理得到常数系数
求解轴承刚度、阻尼系数,模型方程(4)中的每一个方程必须由4个不同的等式构成,且其系数矩阵的行列式不为0。试验过程中,数据采集系统采样频率非常高,近似认为4次采样过程中轴承只进行微小运动,轴承运行状态和气膜力变化微小,可忽略不计,因此将数据库中第1~4次采样预处理数据代入下式所示模型矩阵方程中进行计算,其中,n表示第n次采集:
可得第4次采样时轴承的刚度、阻尼系数;按照上述方法编写轴承刚度系数、阻尼MATLAB求解程序,使用滚动迭代法对试验数据进行处理和计算,求得轴承的气刚度系数、阻尼系数。
驱动电主轴进行试验测试,数据处理系统分别提取30000,40000,50000,60000,70000,80000 r/min时轴承的振动位移、气膜力和转速等试验数据,根据方程(5)编写轴承刚度系数、阻尼MATLAB求解程序,对试验数据进行处理计算,求解轴承的刚度系数、阻尼系数,提取所需轴承的瞬时刚度系数、阻尼系数并取平均值,得到轴承刚度系数、阻尼系数与转速的关系如图11所示。
图11中的试验数据中可以看出:随着转速的增加,轴承的主刚度系数均增大,交叉刚度系数变化较缓;主阻尼系数逐渐减小,交叉阻尼系数则趋近于0。
仿真结果与试验结果的变化趋势是相似的,虽然在数值上存在一定差异,但误差大小在25%以内。这是由于试验台具有轴承加工误差、外界环境干扰等不可控因素;而仿真计算时具有较多理想化因素。从整体上看,仿真结果与试验结果的一致性较好,验证了基于ANSYS Workbench软件仿真计算方法的正确性与可参考性。
(1)根据箔片气体轴承的结构特点和润滑机理,基于ANSYS Workbench平台,通过将流固耦合与箔片气体轴承的流体润滑理论相结合,构建了适用于箔片气体轴承的流固耦合模型,为相似结构特点的模型提供了一种思路。
(2)转速对轴承动态特性的影响较大,主刚度系数主要起承载作用,随着转速的增加,轴承的承载能力得到提升;主阻尼系数主要起抑制涡动的作用,随着转速的增加,轴承的稳定性下降,更易发生轴承失稳现象。
(3)波箔片结构参数的改变会引起轴承结构刚度的变化,改变气膜与箔片间的耦合关系。对于箔片气体轴承,当波箔片的长度比在1~1.5之间,厚度为0.16 mm时,轴承具有较大的刚度和阻尼,可以提高轴承的承载能力,改善动态特性,提高轴承运行稳定性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475142)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.004
  • 接收时间:2022-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-30
  • 修回日期:2022-07-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475142)
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    河南科技大学机电工程学院,河南 洛阳 471003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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