Article(id=1228048669480518467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1654704000000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-09, revisedDate=1660492800000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770719218844, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770719218844, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770719218844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770719218844, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228048667874095618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='365', pageEnd='538', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770719218462, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795476854, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228368518803030940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228368518803030941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228048667874095618, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=374, endPage=383, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228048670696866629, articleId=1228048669480518467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Forced vibration response analysis of hemispherical shell under complex boundary conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The steady-state and transient vibration responses of a medium thick hemispherical shell are obtained based on semi-analytical method. According to the first-order shear deformation theory,the energy expression of the spherical shell structure is deduced. The Jacobi orthogonal polynomials and Fourier series are introduced to represent the axial and circumferential displacements of the hemispherical shell structure. The steady vibration response of the hemispherical shell is obtained by Ritz method. The results are compared with the finite element method to verify the feasibility of the presented method in this paper. On this basis,the characteristics of steady and transient vibration of the hemispherical shell under different boundary conditions,truncated angle and shell thickness are summarized and analyzed.

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基于半解析法求解得到中厚半球壳的稳态振动与瞬态振动响应。基于一阶剪切变形理论推导球壳结构能量表达式,引入Jacobi多项式和傅里叶级数表示半球壳结构的轴向和径向位移,利用Ritz法得到半球壳的稳态振动响应,与有限元法结果对比验证了本文方法的有可行性。在此基础上,对半球壳在不同边界条件、截顶角和壳体厚度下稳态振动与瞬态振动特性规律进行了分析总结。

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庞福振(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:

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庞福振(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:

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庞福振(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:

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figureFileBig=HboRQN8In/Bt8R1Ftar4oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048703940920234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Vibration response time history curves of hemispherical shells with different structural dampings, figureFileSmall=7/8vyjFauK+5W3cpXcYr8g==, figureFileBig=vzIEp1EWIytVWS+NyC8zWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048704033194928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同结构阻尼下半球壳振动响应时间历程曲线, figureFileSmall=7/8vyjFauK+5W3cpXcYr8g==, figureFileBig=vzIEp1EWIytVWS+NyC8zWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228048704125469618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Spring stiffness values of spherical shell for general boundary conditions

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边界条件线性弹簧/(N·m-1)角弹簧/(N·rad-1
kukvkωkφkθ
F00000
C10151015101510151015
S10151015101500
E108108108108108
), ArticleFig(id=1228048704213550006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

一般边界条件下球环弹簧刚度值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件线性弹簧/(N·m-1)角弹簧/(N·rad-1
kukvkωkφkθ
F00000
C10151015101510151015
S10151015101500
E108108108108108
), ArticleFig(id=1228048704293241787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Natural frequencies of spherical shell structures under different boundary conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件固有频率/Hz
F-E29.238.969.7106.4110.4148.1171.0194.1206.9223.0
F-S40.264.969.7106.4148.1194.1240.9243.7316.1364.9
E-C221.7272.2275.1317.6325.0353.3369.3381.2389.7392.0
C-C333.2356.9385.2388.5390.5392.7395.9399.5400.0403.0
), ArticleFig(id=1228048704377127870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228048669480518467, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同边界条件下半球壳结构的固有频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件固有频率/Hz
F-E29.238.969.7106.4110.4148.1171.0194.1206.9223.0
F-S40.264.969.7106.4148.1194.1240.9243.7316.1364.9
E-C221.7272.2275.1317.6325.0353.3369.3381.2389.7392.0
C-C333.2356.9385.2388.5390.5392.7395.9399.5400.0403.0
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复杂边界条件下半球壳受迫振动响应分析
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庞福振 , 张明 , 高聪 , 郑嘉俊 , 李海超
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(3): 374-383
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(3): 374-383
复杂边界条件下半球壳受迫振动响应分析
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庞福振 , 张明, 高聪, 郑嘉俊, 李海超
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 庞福振(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:

Forced vibration response analysis of hemispherical shell under complex boundary conditions
Fu-zhen PANG , Ming ZHANG, Cong GAO, Jia-jun ZHENG, Hai-chao LI
Affiliations
  • College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.002
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基于半解析法求解得到中厚半球壳的稳态振动与瞬态振动响应。基于一阶剪切变形理论推导球壳结构能量表达式,引入Jacobi多项式和傅里叶级数表示半球壳结构的轴向和径向位移,利用Ritz法得到半球壳的稳态振动响应,与有限元法结果对比验证了本文方法的有可行性。在此基础上,对半球壳在不同边界条件、截顶角和壳体厚度下稳态振动与瞬态振动特性规律进行了分析总结。

半球壳  /  稳态振动  /  半解析法  /  瞬态振动

The steady-state and transient vibration responses of a medium thick hemispherical shell are obtained based on semi-analytical method. According to the first-order shear deformation theory,the energy expression of the spherical shell structure is deduced. The Jacobi orthogonal polynomials and Fourier series are introduced to represent the axial and circumferential displacements of the hemispherical shell structure. The steady vibration response of the hemispherical shell is obtained by Ritz method. The results are compared with the finite element method to verify the feasibility of the presented method in this paper. On this basis,the characteristics of steady and transient vibration of the hemispherical shell under different boundary conditions,truncated angle and shell thickness are summarized and analyzed.

hemisphere shell  /  steady state vibration  /  semi analytical method  /  transient vibration
庞福振, 张明, 高聪, 郑嘉俊, 李海超. 复杂边界条件下半球壳受迫振动响应分析. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (3) : 374 -383 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.002
Fu-zhen PANG, Ming ZHANG, Cong GAO, Jia-jun ZHENG, Hai-chao LI. Forced vibration response analysis of hemispherical shell under complex boundary conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (3) : 374 -383 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.002
半球壳结构作为应用于航空、航海、土木、机械等工程领域中的一类常见结构,在设计应用中由于结构的特殊性,很少单独使用,通常在自身一端或两端开口后与其他结构或设备进行连接。这不仅改变了球壳的原始结构形状,也导致其自身固有特征发生改变。此外,在实际应用中球壳结构会暴露在载荷相对复杂的环境中而引起结构的疲劳和振动,与自身两端开口处连接的设备形成相互耦合作用并有可能发生共振,同时伴随产生较大的结构振动噪声而对生产生活造成不利影响。因此,准确分析球壳结构及其开口状态下自身振动响应,对于指导其结构设计具有重要意义。
针对球壳振动特性的研究,国内外学者先后提出了不同的分析方法,并对这些方法进一步开展组合分析,提高求解的速度和有效性,比如有限元法、动力刚度法、Ritz法、区域分解法等1-3。Thomas等4推导了大振幅位移作用下浅球壳的非线性振动方程,并将理论分析结果与试验结果进行比对分析后进行补充。Hosseini-Hashemi等5和Tornabene等6分别基于一阶剪切变形理论(FSDT)提出了中厚球壳的自由振动特性分析方法,并用有限元法验证了数值模拟的收敛性。Menaa等7采用混合有限元法对不同几何形状、边界条件和半径厚度比的球壳自由振动特性进行分析。Tornabene等8对不同求解方法进行对比,并利用广义微分求积法(GDQ)研究了球壳结构的自由振动特性。Hou9推导出扁球壳的自由振动频率微分求解方程,对扁球壳的三阶频率和模态曲线进行数值模拟分析。Hu等10提出一种基于Ritz法求解环形球壳自由振动的解析法,引入Jacobi多项式和傅里叶级数表征结构轴向和周向位移,数值模拟结果验证了方法的高效性和精确性,并进一步分析了各向同性中厚环形球壳的振动特性。赵伟东等11采用Kantorovich时间平均法简化微分方程,探讨了均布压力作用下扁球壳的自由振动特性规律。陈旭东等12利用动力刚度法获得了不同边界条件下中厚椭球壳体的自由振动频率特征,并延伸到椭球壳领域。Gan等13和李善倾等14-15讨论应用Green函数法求解夹紧和简支边界下不同底面形状的扁球壳自由振动,并构造出合适的边界条件方程用于改善积分求解方程的奇异性。此外,提出了一种解析法用于分析双参数基础上的不规则扁球壳的自由振动问题。池旭帆等16引入Bezier函数来模拟球壳结构中面位移,基于一阶剪切变形理论建立一种半解析法用于求解开口球壳的自由振动与受迫振动,并对结构的受迫振动进行重点分析。
由以上文献分析可知,上述研究较少考虑结构厚度变化和开口特征的变形影响,同时现有研究多基于经典薄壳理论对球壳结构自由振动响应进行分析,缺少对球壳结构受迫振动情况下半解析法的研究,其求解方法尚待进一步丰富。薄壳的厚度需要小于壳体变形模态波长或曲率半径的1/20,该范围内一阶剪切变形理论与经典薄壳理论相比,由于薄壳理论忽略了横向剪切变形以及法向应力对壳体变形的影响,在计算求解精度方面存在不足,而一阶剪切变形理论引入剪切修正因子来弥补薄壳理论忽略剪切变形的影响,求解精度更高,适用于球壳结构在集中力下的振动响应分析17-18。为此,本研究以半球壳结构为研究对象,基于一阶剪切变形理论推导开口球壳能量表达式,引入人工弹簧模拟半球壳结构的边界条件,采用Jacobi多项式和傅里叶级数分别表示结构的轴向位移和径向位移,基于Ritz法推导出球壳结构的振动微分方程,开展一般边界条件下球壳受迫振动特性研究,分析了结构边界条件、开口大小和壳体厚度对半球壳体稳态振动与瞬态振动响应的影响。
图1为半球壳结构几何模型,坐标系为(φθδ),其中φ表示结构底边对应的圆心角,,球壳环向封闭,θ为环向角,δ为结构法线方向,半球壳半径为Rγ表示半球壳截顶角,uvw分别表示φθδ方向的位移。引入人工弹簧用于模拟半球壳的边界条件,连接示意图如图2所示,线性边界约束采用三组线性弹簧进行模拟,旋转边界约束采用两组角弹簧进行模拟
运用区域分解法理论19,将半球壳结构沿轴向分为等长的H段,于每一段的首尾处分别设置五组人工弹簧,通过调节弹簧刚度值来模拟连续性条件以及半球壳的边界条件,基于FSDT理论建立结构能量泛函。边界弹簧中假设第i段位移场表示为:
球壳的应变取如下形式:
式中  为中性面处正应变和剪切应变;为中性面处的曲率值。
球壳结构应力可表示为:
式中  分别表示正应力和剪应力;为应力和应变的关系系数。
式中  Eε表示弹性模量和泊松比。
力和力矩可表示为:
式中  NφNθNφθ为面内力;MφMθMφθ为力矩;QφQθ为横向剪切力,其中剪切修正因子=5/6。AijBijDijij=1,2,6)为拉伸、拉伸-弯曲耦合及弯曲刚度,分别为:
i段应变能表示为:
结构应变能可用参考面位移和转角表示:,其中,分别为拉伸和弯曲-拉伸耦合能量,表达式为:
半球壳分段后每段两端耦合边界条件的控制方程表达式如下:
壳段下端边界和壳段上端边界分别为:
式中  kukvkω为线性弹簧刚度;kφkθ为角弹簧刚度。
半球壳的边界条件模拟通过控制连接弹簧的刚度值来实现,因此存储在边界弹簧中的势能Ub可表示为:
相邻段的势能表示为:
总势能表示为:
i段的动能如下所示:
其中,
集中载荷对第i圆环壳段所做的功为:
式中  为在σ方向施加的外部集中荷载。
利用能量变分原理对球壳进行振动分析时,其收敛速度和求解精度很大程度上取决于位移函数的选取。常见结构位移容许函数类型有简单多项式、幂级数、傅里叶级数、Jacobi多项式等20,因此基于多段划分原则,选择Jacobi正交多项式表征半球壳体的轴向位移场,利用三角级数表征半球壳的周向位移,推导出Jacobi多项式的递推公式为:
式中  αβ分别为定义在区间的Jacobi参数;i=2,3,…。
结构的各个位移函数分量可以写成Jacobi多项式和三角级数的形式,如下所示:
式中  为Jacobi展开系数;mn分别表示轴向和周向的半波数;MN 为最高阶数。
半球壳的拉格朗日能量函数为:
基于Ritz法对结构能量泛函待定系数做变分处理:
因此,球壳的结构动力响应方程为:
式中  KMQ分别为刚度矩阵、质量矩阵和系数矩阵,F为外激励矩阵。通过求解式(24),可以得到球壳的自由振动结果。
外激励下半球壳的未知系数矩阵推导为:
将上述结果代入式(24)可得半球壳的受迫振动响应。
工程应用中通常考虑结构阻尼,本研究采用瑞利阻尼21。瑞利阻尼为:
式中  C为阻尼矩阵;ab表示如下:
式中  表示结构的第ij阶频率;ξ为阻尼比。本研究中,=2 Hz,=400 Hz,ξ=0.05,则设a=2,b=0.00003。
假设加速度在[ttt]时间范围内为常数,同时引入ημ两个参数22,如下所示:
本文取η=0.5, =0.25,可将上式求解得:
增量平衡方程如下:
将式(29)代入式(30)可得:
其中,
将式(31)代入式(29)得到,重复迭代直到时间结束,即得到结构在任何时刻的响应。
半球壳结构材料为钢,密度ρ=7850 kg/m3 ,杨氏模量E=210 GPa,泊松比=0.3,半径R=2 m,无特殊说明,本研究取半球壳厚度h=0.005 m,α=β=0。为了避免舍入结果,取固有频率的无量纲频率参数。半球壳不同边界条件模拟采用不同的人工弹簧刚度进行表示,其中自由支承、固定支承、简支支承和弹性支承边界条件分别用F,C,S和E表示。弹簧刚度与经典边界之间的对应关系如表1所示。
由理论表达式可知,计算精度与位移表达式中的模型截断数大小密切相关。因此,为进一步验证本文方法在计算结构受迫振动时的适用性,同时保证数值计算的求解精度,需对模型截断数进行收敛性分析。对半球壳体在(π,0)处施加幅值为F0=1 N的径向激励载荷,结构边界条件为大端简支,小端自由,选择半球壳结构(π,π)与(π,π)处作为考核点。图34分别为不同模型截断数下振动响应变化曲线和本文方法与有限元法计算精度对比,分析频带为2~400 Hz,间隔频率为2 Hz。图中La为振动加速度级,
图3可知,当结构模型截断数H趋近于4时,在分析频段内本文方法收敛速度快,稳定性好,因此取模型截断数H=4。由图4可知本文方法与有限元法结果吻合较好,曲线趋势基本一致,可以用来分析球壳结构的稳态振动响应。
为充分探究不同边界条件下,不同结构厚度及截顶角大小对半球壳结构动力响应的影响,本研究在数理模型验证基础上开展半球壳稳态振动响应分析。
表2图5分别给出了不同边界条件下开口球壳的结构固有频率和不同考核点的振动响应,截顶角。由表2可知,开口球壳结构的固有频率参数受边界条件的影响较大,随着边界条件的增强,结构刚度变大,固有频率升高。由图5可知开口球壳结构的振动响应随着边界条件增强会减弱,此外,对比不同考核点振动响应可知越靠近球壳中心位置,振动响应越大。
图6给出了在不同边界条件下开口球壳结构不同厚度对结构振动响应的影响,选择(π,π)处作为考核点,截顶角。由图6可知,在F-S边界条件下,随着结构厚度增加导致自身刚度变大,低阶固有频率升高;在E-C边界条件下,结构厚度增加反而降低了前三阶固有频率,第四阶固有频率变大,但结构厚度增加都会造成结构振动响应的降低。
图7给出了不同边界条件下开口球壳截顶角对结构振动响应的影响,选择(π,π)处作为考核点。由图7可知,半球壳在开口后使得自身刚度变低,其低阶固有频率也降低,随着截顶角变大,固有频率低频偏移现象更加明显,同时振动加速度响应曲线在低频处峰值变大。横向对比可知,边界条件的增强也提高了开口球壳的固有频率。
首先,对无阻尼的半球壳振动系统进行瞬态响应分析。采用如图8所示的三角形脉冲载荷 =1 N,=0.005 s,=0.005 s,=0.0001 s,截顶角图9为在三角形脉冲载荷作用下本文方法与有限元法计算求解的无阻尼瞬态振动响应结果。由图可见,本文方法与有限元计算结果吻合较好,两曲线趋势基本一致,可有效研究半球壳结构的瞬态受迫振动响应。
图1011分别给出了在不同边界条件下半球壳不同考核点及不同厚径比(h/R)下无阻尼瞬态振动响应结果,其中截顶角。由图1011可知,开口球壳边界条件增强或自身结构厚度增加,振动响应幅值均出现明显降低,但边界条件对振动响应幅值影响相对较大。由图10横向对比可知,越靠近结构的中心位置结构响应越大,且边界条件的增强导致振动位移周期减小,表明结构固有频率变大,这与稳态振动结论是一致的。
图12给出了在不同截顶角情况下开口球壳的无阻尼瞬态振动响应结果,考核点在(π,π)处。由图12可知,随着截顶角变大,结构开口后振动响应幅值变大,振动位移周期变大。同时横向对比可知边界条件的增强也限制了结构的振动响应幅值,并使得结构固有频率升高,这与不同截顶角下稳态振动响应结论一致。
图13给出了在不同结构阻尼下开口球壳的瞬态振动响应结果,截顶角。由图13可知,结构阻尼对振动响应有较大抑制作用,在自由-简支边界条件下半球壳结构阻尼的增加并未使瞬态振动响应幅值出现明显衰减,但在弹性-固定边界条件下随着结构阻尼的增大,瞬态振动响应位移随时间出现较大的幅值衰减。
本文引入Jacobi正交多项式和傅里叶级数分别表示半球壳的轴向位移和径向位移,从而建立半球壳的强迫振动分析模型,基于Ritz法研究了边界条件、结构厚度和截顶角对半球壳受迫振动特性的影响。研究得出主要结论如下:
(1)本文方法具备较好的收敛性和求解精度。当Jacobi多项式模型截断数超过4时,本文方法具备较好的收敛稳定性,通过与有限元求解结果对比,本文方法计算精度较好。
(2)半球壳结构固有频率不仅与结构参数属性有关,还与边界条件有关。随着半球壳结构厚度变大,其低阶固有频率在自由-简支边界下增大,在弹性-固定边界下前三阶固有频率降低;截顶角变大降低了结构的刚度,导致结构低阶固有频率降低,同时边界条件的增强也会使得结构的固有频率提高。
(3)半球壳的振动响应受到边界条件、壳体厚度、截顶角以及自身结构阻尼等多种因素的影响。半球壳结构振动响应越靠近球壳自身中心位置,其振动响应峰值越大。边界条件的增强和壳体厚度的增加均会降低结构振动位移,而截顶角变大会导致结构刚度降低,半球壳的振动响应位移会变大。结构阻尼对壳体的位移响应与边界条件有关,在弹性-固定边界条件下,阻尼对振动响应衰减影响较大。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2006229)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52101351)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.03.002
  • 接收时间:2022-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-09
  • 修回日期:2022-08-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2006229)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52101351)
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    哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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