Article(id=1228046477361082414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228046469559681568, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.02.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1642089600000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-14, revisedDate=1659801600000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770718696203, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770718696203, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770718696203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770718696203, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228046469559681568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='2', pageStart='191', pageEnd='364', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770718694343, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795432451, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228368332575928712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228046469559681568, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228368332575928713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228046469559681568, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=306, endPage=317, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228046477616934969, articleId=1228046477361082414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Longitudinal seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge using endurance time analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An efficient and accurate evaluation of the seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges using a simplified method is essential in the design and strengthening of such bridges. As a simplified method to evaluate the seismic performance of bridges,the endurance time method can be used to simulate the whole process of bridge from intact to collapse with nonlinear time history analysis only once. In order to study the applicability and accuracy of the endurance time method in evaluating the longitudinal seismic performance of continuous rigid frame,this paper investigated a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge with corrugated steel webs. Three acceleration time-history curves were generated based on the design response spectrum of China highway bridge seismic code. In addition,16 natural ground motions were selected for incremental dynamic analysis. The seismic response characteristics of continuous rigid frame with corrugated steel webs were compared and studied. The seismic response characteristics of continuous rigid frame with corrugated steel webs were comparatively studied by endurance time analysis method and incremental dynamic analysis. Research results demonstrate that the endurance time analysis method results are within the envelope of the incremental dynamic analysis results. The time-history analysis results are within the envelope of the incremental dynamic analysis results. The median value of the endurance time analysis method has an allowable error with the mean curve of incremental dynamic analysis. Therefore,Endurance time analysis method can be used to evaluate seismic performance of the long-span continuous rigid frame bridge.

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采用简化方法对大跨连续刚构桥的抗震性能进行高效和准确的评估,在该类桥梁的设计和加固改造时是非常必要的。耐震时程法作为一种评估桥梁抗震性能的简化方法,只需要一次时程分析就可以实现桥梁从完好到倒塌的全过程分析。为研究耐震时程法在评估大跨连续刚构桥纵向抗震性能的适用性与精确性,本文以一座大跨波形钢腹板连续刚构桥为研究对象,基于中国公路桥梁抗震设计规范设计反应谱,生成3条耐震加速度时程曲线作为地震输入,同时选择16条天然地震动进行增量动力分析,对比研究了该连续刚构桥地震响应特征。研究结果表明:耐震时程分析结果处于增量动力分析结果的包络线之内,耐震时程法中位值与增量动力分析结果的均值曲线吻合较好,因此,耐震时程分析方法可以作为大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能评估的一种高效率方法。

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谭平(1973—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
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黄佳栋(1988—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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黄佳栋(1988—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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Probabilistic seimic fragility and risk analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2012., articleTitle=Probabilistic seimic fragility and risk analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228046508541539120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=491, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Vamvatsikos D, Cornell C A, journalName=Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vamvatsikos DCornell C A. Incremental dynamic analysis[J]. 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articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图7, caption=桥墩墩底截面竖向配筋图, figureFileSmall=cCasDgOzOAibZrbVHzk3VQ==, figureFileBig=nEU2GSMENvKVikprDRNHHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046492653515177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=M-φ curves of bottom section of bridge piers, figureFileSmall=TiTafw6Jxb6FMPQHFeNHHw==, figureFileBig=INv0Go6UxtGXps6p9RTjIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046492733206960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图8, caption=桥梁墩底截面M-φ曲线, figureFileSmall=TiTafw6Jxb6FMPQHFeNHHw==, figureFileBig=INv0Go6UxtGXps6p9RTjIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046492838064565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Curvature analysis of 1# pier bottom, figureFileSmall=wKNyvuBX2tOjpnlKVBCcug==, figureFileBig=N87yF7TrpdNjcZm45tVX5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046492959699386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图9, caption=1#桥墩墩底曲率分析, figureFileSmall=wKNyvuBX2tOjpnlKVBCcug==, figureFileBig=N87yF7TrpdNjcZm45tVX5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046493051974076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Curvature analysis of 2# pier bottom, figureFileSmall=Se3jmZgulZH4i8mVkGlgug==, figureFileBig=DjJsbGWv8UH5xg7TgIE6CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046493161025984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图10, caption=2#桥墩墩底曲率分析, figureFileSmall=Se3jmZgulZH4i8mVkGlgug==, figureFileBig=DjJsbGWv8UH5xg7TgIE6CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046493278466500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Curvature analysis of 3# pier bottom, figureFileSmall=cBop4GPYs59/vrdFo4Y/lA==, figureFileBig=mmEiOP511flSQmEHKbtUvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046494654198216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图11, caption=3#桥墩墩底曲率分析, figureFileSmall=cBop4GPYs59/vrdFo4Y/lA==, figureFileBig=mmEiOP511flSQmEHKbtUvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046494759055820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Bearing displacement analysis of 1# pier, figureFileSmall=RN5w2pvohKN/zu5F2hsZFQ==, figureFileBig=JrIy4TA0bzkT1LfFdRivew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046494851330513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图12, caption=1#桥墩支座位移分析, figureFileSmall=RN5w2pvohKN/zu5F2hsZFQ==, figureFileBig=JrIy4TA0bzkT1LfFdRivew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046494914245077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Bearing displacement analysis of 5# pier, figureFileSmall=qjTug9z4eFa0/vSsq0Czxg==, figureFileBig=56R2xRGt8xm5P5P7iTXSAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046495010714076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图13, caption=5#桥墩支座位移分析, figureFileSmall=qjTug9z4eFa0/vSsq0Czxg==, figureFileBig=56R2xRGt8xm5P5P7iTXSAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046495102988770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Response spectra of 16 scaled ground motions and code specifications, figureFileSmall=zlHBUalPxHdDFnzVNVmchA==, figureFileBig=OvR+xVXFcmlz6T+7aoZbJQ==, 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journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Bearing displacement analysis under far-field ground motions, figureFileSmall=ZlKhp0PaGOHf1gRs1lb3yw==, figureFileBig=kHUHxzjG8TL0zh2cXmrDng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046495589528058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=图16, caption=远场地震动作用支座位移分析, figureFileSmall=ZlKhp0PaGOHf1gRs1lb3yw==, figureFileBig=kHUHxzjG8TL0zh2cXmrDng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228046495698579971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Damage index of pot rubber bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水平损伤状态破坏准则损伤指标值/m
无损伤μ<μ1μ1=0.1
轻微损伤μ1<μ<μ2μ2=0.15
中等损伤μ2<μ<μ3μ3=0.2
严重损伤μ3<μ<μ4μ3=0.25
V完全破坏μ4<μ
), ArticleFig(id=1228046495769883143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

盆式支座损伤指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水平损伤状态破坏准则损伤指标值/m
无损伤μ<μ1μ1=0.1
轻微损伤μ1<μ<μ2μ2=0.15
中等损伤μ2<μ<μ3μ3=0.2
严重损伤μ3<μ<μ4μ3=0.25
V完全破坏μ4<μ
), ArticleFig(id=1228046495853769227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Seismic performance objectives of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重现期桥梁结构性能目标概率水平
475年桥梁结构整体上一般不会发生损伤或不需修复可继续使用;
对于延性抗震体系,桥梁的主梁、桥墩、盖梁、基础及支座各部件均应基本保持弹性。
E1地震作用
2000年应保证桥梁不倒塌或产生严重结构损伤,经临时加固后应满足应急交通使用;
对于延性抗震体系,桥梁桥墩可以进入塑性,可发生局部轻微损伤,但其他构件应保持弹性,上下部结构之间传力路径有效。
E2地震作用
), ArticleFig(id=1228046495962821137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能目标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重现期桥梁结构性能目标概率水平
475年桥梁结构整体上一般不会发生损伤或不需修复可继续使用;
对于延性抗震体系,桥梁的主梁、桥墩、盖梁、基础及支座各部件均应基本保持弹性。
E1地震作用
2000年应保证桥梁不倒塌或产生严重结构损伤,经临时加固后应满足应急交通使用;
对于延性抗震体系,桥梁桥墩可以进入塑性,可发生局部轻微损伤,但其他构件应保持弹性,上下部结构之间传力路径有效。
E2地震作用
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496050901525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Corresponding relation between pier curvatures index and earthquake fortification level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水平损伤状态极限曲率量化描述设防水准
无损伤结构无损伤
轻微损伤等效屈服曲率φ1仅在局部产生微细裂缝偶遇地震(E1)
中等损伤等效屈服弯矩对应曲率φ2裂缝扩展明显并伴有局部保护层混凝土剥落,刚度依旧保持
严重损伤弯矩-曲率曲线最高点φ3虽然维持有一定的竖向承载力,但遗留下永久损伤罕遇地震(E2)
V完全破坏极限曲率φ4
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496151564827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

桥墩曲率指标与设防水准对应关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水平损伤状态极限曲率量化描述设防水准
无损伤结构无损伤
轻微损伤等效屈服曲率φ1仅在局部产生微细裂缝偶遇地震(E1)
中等损伤等效屈服弯矩对应曲率φ2裂缝扩展明显并伴有局部保护层混凝土剥落,刚度依旧保持
严重损伤弯矩-曲率曲线最高点φ3虽然维持有一定的竖向承载力,但遗留下永久损伤罕遇地震(E2)
V完全破坏极限曲率φ4
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496256422432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Curvature damage index at the bottom section of bridge piers

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损伤状态极限曲率曲率值/m-1
2#~4#桥墩1#,5#桥墩
轻微损伤等效屈服曲率φ10.00150.0009
中等损伤等效屈服弯矩对应曲率φ20.002120.0012
严重损伤弯矩-曲率曲线最高点φ30.0230.013
完全破坏极限曲率φ40.03620.0224
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496420000293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

桥墩墩底截面曲率损伤指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤状态极限曲率曲率值/m-1
2#~4#桥墩1#,5#桥墩
轻微损伤等效屈服曲率φ10.00150.0009
中等损伤等效屈服弯矩对应曲率φ20.002120.0012
严重损伤弯矩-曲率曲线最高点φ30.0230.013
完全破坏极限曲率φ40.03620.0224
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496516469289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Characteristics of the 16 far-field ground motions.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号地震名称台站震级PGA/g
1Friuli-Italy-01Tolmezzo6.50.35
2Imperial_Valley-06Delta6.50.24
3Superstition_Hills-02El_Centro_Imp._Co._Cent6.50.36
4Loma_PrietaCapitola6.90.53
5Northridge-01Beverly_Hills-14145_Mulhol6.70.42
6Northridge-01Beverly_Hills-14145_Mulhol6.70.52
7Kobe-JapanNishi-Akashi6.90.51
8Kobe-JapanNishi-Akashi6.90.50
9Kocaeli-TurkeyArcelik7.50.22
10Kocaeli-TurkeyArcelik7.50.15
11Chi-Chi-TaiwanCHY1017.60.35
12Chi-Chi-TaiwanCHY1017.60.44
13Duzce-TurkeyBolu7.10.73
14Duzce-TurkeyBolu7.10.82
15Hector_MineHector7.10.27
16Hector_MineHector7.10.34
), ArticleFig(id=1228046496608743981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228046477361082414, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

16条远场地震动信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号地震名称台站震级PGA/g
1Friuli-Italy-01Tolmezzo6.50.35
2Imperial_Valley-06Delta6.50.24
3Superstition_Hills-02El_Centro_Imp._Co._Cent6.50.36
4Loma_PrietaCapitola6.90.53
5Northridge-01Beverly_Hills-14145_Mulhol6.70.42
6Northridge-01Beverly_Hills-14145_Mulhol6.70.52
7Kobe-JapanNishi-Akashi6.90.51
8Kobe-JapanNishi-Akashi6.90.50
9Kocaeli-TurkeyArcelik7.50.22
10Kocaeli-TurkeyArcelik7.50.15
11Chi-Chi-TaiwanCHY1017.60.35
12Chi-Chi-TaiwanCHY1017.60.44
13Duzce-TurkeyBolu7.10.73
14Duzce-TurkeyBolu7.10.82
15Hector_MineHector7.10.27
16Hector_MineHector7.10.34
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耐震时程法在大跨连续刚构桥纵向抗震性能评估中的应用
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黄佳栋 1, 3 , 谭平 1, 2 , 张云 4 , 周福霖 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(2): 306-317
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(2): 306-317
耐震时程法在大跨连续刚构桥纵向抗震性能评估中的应用
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黄佳栋1, 3 , 谭平1, 2 , 张云4, 周福霖1, 2
作者信息
  • 1广州大学土木工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2广州大学工程抗震减震与结构安全教育部重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
  • 3广州市市政集团有限公司,广东 广州 510060
  • 4广西北投公路建设投资集团有限公司, 广西 南宁 530029
  • 黄佳栋(1988—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

谭平(1973—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
Longitudinal seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge using endurance time analysis
Jia-dong HUANG1, 3 , Ping Tan1, 2 , Yun ZHANG4, Fu-lin ZHOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Civil Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Earthquake Resistance Earthquake Mitigation and Structural Safety Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China
  • 3Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510060,China
  • 4Guangxi Beitou Highway Construction and Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530029,China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.02.013
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采用简化方法对大跨连续刚构桥的抗震性能进行高效和准确的评估,在该类桥梁的设计和加固改造时是非常必要的。耐震时程法作为一种评估桥梁抗震性能的简化方法,只需要一次时程分析就可以实现桥梁从完好到倒塌的全过程分析。为研究耐震时程法在评估大跨连续刚构桥纵向抗震性能的适用性与精确性,本文以一座大跨波形钢腹板连续刚构桥为研究对象,基于中国公路桥梁抗震设计规范设计反应谱,生成3条耐震加速度时程曲线作为地震输入,同时选择16条天然地震动进行增量动力分析,对比研究了该连续刚构桥地震响应特征。研究结果表明:耐震时程分析结果处于增量动力分析结果的包络线之内,耐震时程法中位值与增量动力分析结果的均值曲线吻合较好,因此,耐震时程分析方法可以作为大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能评估的一种高效率方法。

连续刚构桥  /  抗震性能  /  耐震时程法  /  IDA法

An efficient and accurate evaluation of the seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges using a simplified method is essential in the design and strengthening of such bridges. As a simplified method to evaluate the seismic performance of bridges,the endurance time method can be used to simulate the whole process of bridge from intact to collapse with nonlinear time history analysis only once. In order to study the applicability and accuracy of the endurance time method in evaluating the longitudinal seismic performance of continuous rigid frame,this paper investigated a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge with corrugated steel webs. Three acceleration time-history curves were generated based on the design response spectrum of China highway bridge seismic code. In addition,16 natural ground motions were selected for incremental dynamic analysis. The seismic response characteristics of continuous rigid frame with corrugated steel webs were compared and studied. The seismic response characteristics of continuous rigid frame with corrugated steel webs were comparatively studied by endurance time analysis method and incremental dynamic analysis. Research results demonstrate that the endurance time analysis method results are within the envelope of the incremental dynamic analysis results. The time-history analysis results are within the envelope of the incremental dynamic analysis results. The median value of the endurance time analysis method has an allowable error with the mean curve of incremental dynamic analysis. Therefore,Endurance time analysis method can be used to evaluate seismic performance of the long-span continuous rigid frame bridge.

continuous rigid frame bridge  /  seismic performance  /  endurance time method  /  incremental dynamic analysis
黄佳栋, 谭平, 张云, 周福霖. 耐震时程法在大跨连续刚构桥纵向抗震性能评估中的应用. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (2) : 306 -317 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.02.013
Jia-dong HUANG, Ping Tan, Yun ZHANG, Fu-lin ZHOU. Longitudinal seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge using endurance time analysis[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (2) : 306 -317 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.02.013
大跨波形钢腹板连续刚构桥具有跨越能力较强,受力性能良好,施工快速、便捷等诸多优点在中国桥梁建设中得到应用,与传统混凝土刚构桥相比,可减轻自重20%以上,工期可缩短约1/3,抗震性能更好,其适用经济跨径更大,是今后中大跨桥梁中一种富有竞争力的结构形式1
目前,诸多学者对刚构桥抗震性能进行了研究2-4。ZENG等5对高墩大跨连续刚构桥的震害进行了现场调查和数值分析;WEI等6和ZHANG等7对连续刚构桥的抗震性能进行了试验研究;Moussa等8和Hassanein等9改进了波形钢腹板强度的设计公式,为设计采用高强度材料的波形钢腹板桥提供更为准确的参考。此外,陈志伟等10、陈爱军等11和张长青等12对连续刚构桥的抗震性能进行了理论与试验研究,闫晓宇等13对考虑土-结构相互作用的大跨连续刚构桥进行了振动台阵试验研究。但这些研究均未对连续刚构桥的抗震性能评估的方法进行简化分析。
本文以某100 m+2×185 m+100 m的大跨波形钢腹板连续刚构桥为研究对象(主跨185 m为世界该类型桥梁跨径排名第一),研究耐震时程分析方法在大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能评估时的可行性、有效性与准确性,有助于深化该类型桥梁的抗震设计方法,保证桥梁结构在地震作用下的结构安全,提高大跨连续刚构桥应对地震风险的能力。
飞龙大桥主桥是一座波形钢腹板连续刚构桥,总长570 m,跨径为100 m+2×185 m+100 m,桥梁宽度为13 m。主梁采用C60混凝土,中支点根部梁高为10.9 m,边支点和跨中的梁高均为4 m。波形钢腹板采用厚度在14~28 mm之间的1800波形Q420qNH钢板。1#,5#桥墩(边墩)采用矩形墙式墩,C40混凝土,墩高分别为20.17 m和20.97 m,截面尺寸为7.0 m×2.5 m,承台尺寸长×宽×高为8.2 m×7.5 m×3 m,基础采用4根直径1.8 m,长度为29 m的桩基。2#~4#桥墩(过渡墩)为双肢薄壁墩,C50混凝土,墩高分别为27.101,27.292,29.098,29.098,27.292,27.101 m,壁宽7 m,厚1.7 m,双肢净距7.6 m,承台尺寸长×宽×高为16.1 m×10.5 m×4.5 m,基础采用6根直径为2.2 m、长度为32 m的桩基。
该依托工程的ABAQUS有限元模型及非线性本构模型如图1所示。图1中,fyi表示第i个加载循环的材料屈服强度,上标“+”和“-”表示加载方向,εy为第i个循环的最大应变,εf为钢筋破坏时的拉应变,E0为混凝土的初始弹性模量,εRσR分别为虚拟点R的应变和应力,γS为受拉软化模量系数,取值为0.1,dc为受压损伤系数,dt为受拉损伤系数。1#,5#桥墩均设置一个单向活动(GPZ(2019)15-10%-DX-C)和一个双向活动(GPZ(2019)15-10%-SX-C)盆式支座,采用三维连接单元CONN3D2模拟支座可分别对盆式支座的平动和转动刚度进行设置,对单向活动盆式支座约束支座y方向平动,双向活动盆式支座y方向刚度设置为3×104 N/m;同时约束两种盆式支座RxRz向转动,z方向的刚度设置为2.5×105 N/m,x方向刚度设置为3×104 N/m,Ry方向刚度设置为0。在对桥梁桩底纵向输入地震动时,取桥梁一侧支座作为研究对象,并对连接单元进行编号(①~②),桥梁两侧的支座在纵向地震作用下,响应情况几乎一样,故本文仅取一侧支座进行详细分析。对于桥墩取墩底为研究对象,并对桥墩构件进行编号(③~⑩),2#和3#桥墩在纵向地震作用下墩底塑性铰区域曲率响应如图2所示,同一双肢薄壁桥墩墩底的曲率响应相差较小,墩梁固结处墩顶曲率要比墩底曲率响应要小,鉴于本桥桥墩墩底的曲率在纵向地震作用下响应的特点,取③,④和⑥号墩底单元作为本文研究对象。主梁选取第一跨和第二跨跨中截面(K1和K2截面),桥墩墩顶固结处截面选取2#和3#桥墩墩顶截面(J1和J2截面)作为研究对象。全桥采用梁单元B31建立纤维截面有限元模型,由于纤维梁单元需用子程序定义材料,而ABAQUS软件无法计算截面的剪切刚度,故将梁单元截面的剪切刚度设置为1×1016 N/m。铁摩辛柯梁B31单元允许横向剪切变形,不仅适用于多个梁单元之间有接触时的分析,还可以用于分析厚梁和细长梁。如图1所示,非线性梁柱单元的纤维截面中混凝土采用Concrete02材料本构模型,钢筋采用Steel02材料本构模型。全桥共796个B31单元。采用m法考虑桩-土的相互作用,桩底固结。
耐震时程法(Endurance Time Method,ETM)是一种新的生成地震加速度时程的方法,其典型表征在于随着持续时间的增加,地震动强度逐渐增大,且任一时程的反应谱曲线与目标反应谱吻合,与增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)需要对地震动调幅进行大量运算不同,ETM采用的地震动时程曲线,其加速度幅值是随时间增加而逐渐增强的,因此只需要一次时程分析就可以实现桥梁从完好到倒塌的全过程分析。在ETM分析中,耐震时间成为表征地震动强度的指标,因此桥梁结构达到目标性能时所需要的时间越长,表明桥梁的抗震性能越好14。以《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01—2020)15中规定的设计加速度反应谱为本文ETM预先指定的设计反应谱SacT)。中国公路桥梁抗震设计规范反应谱的形状如图3所示。由图3可知,7度区Ⅱ类场地的A类桥梁,E2地震作用2020年设计规范反应谱最大值比2008年的略有提升(约为1.1倍),在T≤0.1 s以下的直线上升段的计算方法也做了改进。水平设计加速度反应谱ST)由下式确定:
式中  T为结构的自振周期(s);T0为反应谱直线上升最大周期;Tg为特征周期;Smax为水平设计加速度反应谱最大值,可表示为:
式中  Ci为桥梁结构抗震重要性系数;Cs为桥梁结构的场地系数;Cd为阻尼调整系数;A为水平向基本地震动加速度峰值。
新规范将式(2)右侧的常数由原来的2.25调整为2.5。根据本文依托工程的特点,Ci在E1,E2地震作用的下分别为0.34和1.7,CsCd均为1.0,A为0.1g
初始地震动的选择对于ETM计算精度具有很大的影响,ETM选取的地震动若其反应谱与设计反应谱拟合程度较好,就可极大地提高ETM法的计算精度16。此外,王力等17建议在对新型波形钢腹板箱梁桥进行动力特性分析时阻尼比取为0.03。为此本文采用地震动数据生成器,根据中国《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01—2020)15中的设计反应谱生成3条持时为30 s地震动,其加速度峰值随着时间的增加而增强(Tg=0.35 s,ζ=0.03)。为了使该地震动的时程形状与耐震时程曲线相一致以减少优化迭代的次数,该人工地震动的波形没有平台段和下降段,全部为上升段。天然地震动上升段、平台段和下降段有一定的随机性,天然地震动调幅后生成时程曲线可能出现上升段的斜率较大,此种情况下会导致ETM法评估桥梁抗震性能时,桥梁构件各损伤状态耐震时间的分界不明显。为使本文依托工程大跨连续刚构桥在耐震时程时间内实现在纵向地震动作用下从完好到倒塌的全过程分析,通过试算,需要将合成的耐震时程地震动放大3倍。根据中国规范中设计反应谱合成的3条耐震时程曲线经过放大后和对应的加速度反应谱如图4所示。选择耐震时程曲线0~10 s,0~20 s和0~30 s三个时间段的反应谱与规范中设计谱进行对比,从图4的加速度时程中可以看出,加速度峰值随着时间的增长而逐渐增大,与ETM的理念一致,且3个时间段的反应谱的形状与目标反应谱的吻合度较高。为提高耐震时程法的精度,本文采用3条耐震时程曲线作为输入,取计算结果的中位值作为桥梁结构地震响应的预测值。
耐震时程分析方法是利用耐震加速度时程曲线作为非线性时程分析的输入函数,地震动强度是用耐震时间的长短来表示。由于桥梁结构在ETA输入下,其构件的地震响应是循环往复波动的,因而可用下式来确定在[0,t]时间段内桥梁结构地震响应累计最大值18
式中  ftEDP为桥梁结构在耐震时刻t的工程需求参数,如支座位移和墩底曲率等;fτ)为桥梁结构在[0,t]时间段内时程响应。
根据设计反应谱合成ETA时,在[0,t]时间段内加速度反应谱的大小与该时程的持续时间t呈线性关系19
式中  SasT,t)为耐震时刻t的目标加速度反应谱;SacT)为预先指定的反应谱值;tTarget为用于缩放耐震时程的目标时间;T为结构的自振周期;t为任意耐震时刻。
由于ETM表征桥梁结构地震响应与耐震持时的关系,IDA分析表征桥梁结构地震响应与谱加速度值的关系。为了IDA和ETM两种方法之间能进行对比分析,需要在耐震时间与实际地震动强度两种参数之间建立一种对应关系。因此,不同幅值的单条地震动的等效耐震时程换算关系可表示为:
式中  S1为IDA采用的地震动调幅系数;ti为IDA地震动的等效耐久时间;SasT)为IDA采用的地震动的反应谱值。
近年来,基于结构性能目标的抗震设计思想得到推广。桥梁的结构形式不同时,组成桥梁的构件不同,结构的受力情况也不同。因此,对于不同的桥梁,根据其受力情况、组成构件和功能需求制定相对应的抗震性能目标。为合理选择本文依托工程的主梁、支座及桥墩构件的损伤指标,对桥梁模型在纵向地震动作用下进行了试算,桥梁结构在耐震时程时间内从无损伤到桥墩均进入完全破坏状态时,主梁跨中和墩顶固结处截面弯矩耐震时程曲线如图5所示。内力分析表明,主梁跨中和墩顶固结处截面仍处于弹性阶段,这与已有的波形钢腹板连续刚构桥震害资料——桥梁的上部结构在地震灾害中很少出现震害一致20。因此,根据本依托工程的特点分别选用位移及曲率作为支座及桥墩的损伤判断指标。
对于盆式支座,用支座位移来定义其损伤状态是一种非常合适的方法21-22。中国《公路桥梁盆式支座》(JT/T 391―2019)中对盆式支座的容许位移做了相关规定,支座设计位移量分5级,即±50~250 mm内每50 mm为一级23。本文采用盆式支座的损伤指标值分别取为0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25 m,以此来作为盆式支座性能水平的分界点,支座的损伤指标值如表1所示。当支座位移达到0.1 m时,会导致桥墩混凝土产生裂隙,在损伤等级上是可识别的;当支座位移达到0.15 m时,支座的锚栓出现严重变形;当支座位移达到0.2 m时,锚栓完全破坏,此时支座将会滑动;当支座位移超过0.25 m时,超过支座的极限位移,支座进入完全破坏状态24
根据依托工程项目的特点,拟定该大跨连续刚构桥的性能目标如表2所示。
基于性能的抗震设计概念提出了多级设防的理念,通过分析国内外著名桥梁结构的性能指标,在考虑该桥梁结构特殊性的基础上,给出该大跨连续刚构桥的性能量化指标,如图6所示25。桥梁结构基于性能的抗震设计理论体系中,进行性能抗震设计和耐震时程分析的关键在于确定桥梁结构的性能目标,并定量描述与之相对应的损伤状态。为了准确分析依托工程桥墩的耐震性能,本文采取截面层次曲率指标的方法描述连续刚构桥桥墩墩底截面的损伤情况,进而对该桥桥墩选定截面的各损伤状态对应的曲率限值进行合理量化。具体方法如下:
(1)将连续刚构桥桥墩墩底截面的损伤定义为轻微损伤、中等损伤、严重损伤和完全破坏4种损伤状态,各状态对应的极限曲率依次定义为φ1φ2φ3φ4。
(2)基于性能的抗震设计理论体系中,进行抗震性能设计和ETM分析的关键在于确定桥梁的性能目标,并定量描述与之相对应的损伤状态。结合图6,本文依托工程桥梁的桥墩曲率指标与设防水准对应关系如表3所示。
(3)在量化结果的基础上,对所选结果进行考虑桥墩截面性能指标的ETM分析。
桥墩墩底截面纵向配筋如图7所示。2#~4#主墩截面高度为1.7 m,宽度为7 m,面积为11.9 m2,配筋率为2.24%。1#,5#桥墩截面高度为2.5 m,宽度为7 m,面积为17.5 m2,配筋率为1.1%。通过X-tract软件计算墩底截面的M-φ曲线,如图8所示。根据图6截面性能水平的曲率量化指标及图8M-φ曲线,可得2#~4#和1#,5#桥墩墩底截面的曲率损伤指标如表4所示。
墩底曲率是桥梁抗震设计最重要的指标之一,其值直接与桥梁结构的抗倒塌性能相关26-27。在纵向地震作用下连续刚构桥1#~3#桥墩墩底曲率分析如图9~11所示。从图9(a)10(a)11(a)桥墩墩底曲率耐震时程曲线中可以看出,耐震时程曲线呈锯齿状,在短时间段锯齿的波动不大,但随着时间增加,锯齿往上的波动越来越大。1#桥墩ETA3时程曲线为其中位值,2#和3#桥墩ETA2时程曲线为其中位值。桥墩墩底在轻微损伤状态以前,结构处于弹性状态,采用线性拟合比较合适;结构进入中等损伤阶段后,由于累计最大墩底曲率曲线有多个峰值,适宜采用高阶多项式进行数据拟合,可获得较好的精度。对图9(a)10(a)11(a)桥墩墩底曲率耐震时程曲线进行拟合,得到图9(b)10(b)11(b)。从图9(b)10(b)11(b)中可以看出,R2均大于0.96,表明拟合度较高,这表明耐震时程分析能很好地预测不同强度下桥墩的墩底曲率,由于耐震时程分析仅需做3条耐震时程输入下的桥梁结构非线性分析,大大提高了桥梁抗震性能的计算效率。拟合后的墩底曲率响应连续光滑,且响应随耐震时间的增加逐渐增大,克服了由于锯齿状使得地震响应在某些时间段固定不变的缺点。当桥梁遭受较小的地震强度时,即耐震时间较小时,桥梁结构处于弹性状态,获得的耐震时程分析结果是线性增加的,但随着耐震时间的增加,地震强度逐渐增大,桥梁结构进入非线性状态,其响应参数不再是线性。故本文后续分析中,均以拟合后的曲线作为耐震时程分析结果进行对比研究。
图9~11中1#~3#桥墩的耐震时程法结果可以看出,桥墩在无损伤至轻微损伤阶段的拟合曲线斜率很小,近似呈线性关系;但当桥墩进入中等损伤状态后耐震时程法的拟合曲线斜率突然变大,分别在13.21,15.81及15.11 s时进入严重损伤状态;分别在22.86,19.09及18.97 s时进入完全破坏状态。1#桥墩在轻微损伤至完全破坏阶段曲线斜率的变化明显低于2#和3#桥墩。最终在30 s的耐震时间内,2#,3#桥墩比1#桥墩先进入完全破坏状态,表明1#边墩桥墩的耐震性能比2#,3#中墩桥墩稍强,但边墩与中墩的耐震性能相差不大,说明本文依托工程这种截面设计的合理性,保证了桥墩各构件的抗震性能比较均衡。
在纵向地震作用下1#,5#桥墩支座位移的耐震时程曲线如图1213所示。根据表1盆式支座性能水准的划分,盆式支座达到完全破坏状态的位移为250 mm。因此,为得到1#,5#桥墩支座位移的耐震时程曲线较好的数据拟合效果,本节仅对前20 s内耐震时间段的支座位移进行拟合,拟合结果如图12(b)13(b)所示。从图12(a)13(a)支座位移耐震时程曲线中可以看出,与桥墩墩底曲率一样,支座位移耐震时程曲线有一定的锯齿状,在短时间段,锯齿的波动不大,但随着时间增加,锯齿往上的波动越来越大。1#,5#桥墩支座位移ETM结果的中位值均为ETA2时程曲线。1#,5#桥墩支座进入完全破坏耐震时间均较小,1#桥墩支座在15.01 s进入完全破坏状态,5#桥墩支座在15.68 s进入完全破坏状态。对比墩底曲率和支座位移的耐震时程曲线可知,盆式支座进入完全破坏状态耐震时间要明显小于桥墩的耐震时间,ETM的分析结果符合刚构桥破坏的一般规律,所以ETM的计算结果具有可参考性。
大跨桥梁结构的自振周期一般较长,在远场地震作用下,桥梁的地震响应会表现出差异。地震动的选取对IDA法的结果有较大的影响,采用超过15条地震动记录能减少其不确定性的影响,达到IDA法所需精度要求28-29。本文对依托工程进行IDA分析时选用16条天然远场地震动,在耐震时间的换算上采取式(5)进行换算,分析桥墩和支座在远场地震作用下进入各损伤状态的耐震时间,取其计算结果的均值与ETM分析结果的中位值进行对比,研究ETM在大跨连续刚构桥结构抗震性能评估中应用的可行性、有效性与准确性。本文以《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01—2020)15反应谱为目标谱,震中距大于10 km,从PEER数据库中选取16条远场地震动。16条远场地震动信息如表5所示。经调整后的各条远场地震动记录的加速度反应谱及其均值反应谱与规范谱的对比如图14所示。
图14中可以看出,耐震时程曲线的规范反应谱与16条天然远场地震动反应谱均值具有较好的一致性,两者的平均误差在10%以内。
在纵向远场地震作用下1#~3#桥墩的墩底曲率及其损伤状态如图15所示。从图15中可以看出,1#~3#桥墩的墩底曲率在16条远场地震动作用下表现出一定的离散性,ETM中位值的拟合曲线处于16条远场地震动IDA曲线的包络之内;过渡墩与边墩采用两种方法达到严重损伤状态的耐震时间相差不大。在[0,15] s内,1#~3#桥墩通过ETM和IDA方法计算得到桥墩墩底曲率及其损伤状态差别较小;但在15 s后,ETM中位值的拟合曲线开始大于IDA均值曲线,且这两条曲线的纵向差值也逐步增大,但在整个分析时长内,这种差值还是较小的。ETM的中位值曲线整体位于IDA的均值曲线上方,因而采用ETM分析大跨连续刚构桥桥墩的抗震性能要比IDA分析结果偏于保守。
图16中可以看出,1#,5#桥墩支座位移在16条纵向远场地震动作用下也表现出一定的离散性,ETM的中位值拟合曲线也处于16条远场地震动IDA结果的包络之内。从支座的ETM中位值曲线和IDA均值曲线的对比可以看出,在[0,7] s,两种分析方法的曲线在纵向的差值较小;但支座进入轻微损伤状态后,支座的位移响应表现出现差异,这种偏差随着耐震时间的增长也逐渐增大,在20 s内这种偏差值仍然较小。整体上IDA均值曲线略小于ETM的中位值曲线,因此使用ETM作为大跨连续刚构桥盆式支座抗震性能评估方法时,其结果会比IDA偏保守一点。ETM作为一种简化方法,极大地提高了大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能评估的计算效率,且分析结果与IDA的结果误差完全在可接受范围内。
对比图1516可知,1#,5#桥墩支座分别在18.31和18.80 s进入完全破坏状态,1#~3#桥墩分别在23.21,22.01和21.88 s进入完全破坏状态,支座进入完全破坏的耐震时间均比桥墩的要早,远场地震作用全桥耐震性能由低到高的排序为:桥梁支座、3#桥墩、2#和4#桥墩、1#和5#桥墩。
图1516中可以看出,大跨连续刚构桥在纵向远场地震动作用下,只需要一次时程分析就可以实现桥梁从完好到倒塌的全过程分析,大大提高了弹塑性计算效率,桥墩墩底曲率和支座位移IDA均值曲线同ETM中位值曲线整体的吻合较好,但某些耐震时间段有一定差异,这主要是由于:(1)耐震时程曲线是基于《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01—2020)中的设计反应谱作为目标谱合成的,而规范设计反应谱是大量地震动样本分析的结果,本文仅选取了16条远场地震动来进行IDA分析,其分析结果不能全面反映大跨连续刚构桥在纵向远场地震动作用下可能的损伤状态;(2)耐震时程曲线的合成是基于反应谱与规范设计反应谱在整个周期范围内(0~10 s)最大程度的拟合,但对于某一特定周期来说,其与目标规范谱有一定的差异(如图4所示),这种差异可能导致ETM评估大跨连续刚构桥的桥墩和盆式支座损伤时与IDA的损伤分布有一定差别,但这种差别较小。
(1)在纵向地震动作用下,IDA和ETM分析大跨连续刚构桥在弹性状态下的计算结果非常相近;桥梁结构进入轻微损伤状态后两种分析结果存在一定误差,但ETM作为一种简化的抗震分析方法,这种误差在可接受范围内。
(2)远场地震动IDA的分析结果比ETM的分析结果整体上偏小,因而使用ETM方法进行大跨连续刚构桥桥墩和盆式支座抗震性能分析时,其抗震性能的估计会比较保守。
(3)ETM可以作为大跨连续刚构桥抗震性能分析、预测和评估的一种高效率方法。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0112500)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978185)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.02.013
  • 接收时间:2022-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-14
  • 修回日期:2022-08-07
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0112500)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978185)
作者信息
    1广州大学土木工程学院,广东 广州 510006
    2广州大学工程抗震减震与结构安全教育部重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
    3广州市市政集团有限公司,广东 广州 510060
    4广西北投公路建设投资集团有限公司, 广西 南宁 530029

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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