Article(id=1228011508093874605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228011505698931621, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.01.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1650038400000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-16, revisedDate=1656518400000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770710358879, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1706371200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770710358879, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770710358879, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770710358879, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228011505698931621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770710358308, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795378159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228368104862974870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228011505698931621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228368104862974871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228011505698931621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=182, endPage=190, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228011508311978414, articleId=1228011508093874605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=GhostConv lightweight network design and research on fault diagnosis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the advent of the era of big data,the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method based on deep learning has attracted more attention. However,the traditional deep network model seriously limits its application in practical engineering due to the excessive amount of parameters and calculations. Based on this,a GhostConv lightweight network model is proposed and used for fault diagnosis. GhostConv generates a small part of the feature maps through conventional convolution,and performs multiple feature extraction on the generated feature maps to generate the remaining feature maps. Contact the feature maps of the two parts to obtain a complete feature map. GhostConv structure saves the cost of generating redundant feature maps in conventional convolution to the maximum extent,and reduces the model parameters to ensure the performance of the model. In the experiment,the continuous wavelet transform is used to transform the vibration signal to generate a two-dimensional time-frequency diagram,and then the designed GhostConv is used to establish a lightweight fault diagnosis network model. The original dataset and noisy dataset of Case Western Reserve University are used for experimental verification,and compared with the conventional convolution structure network model and depth separable convolution structure model in terms of parameters,calculation and recognition rate. The experimental results show that the GhostConv lightweight network model still has high recognition accuracy and strong anti-noise ability under the condition of fewer parameters and calculations with good robustness and generalization ability. The parameters of the model are only 6% of the conventional convolution model and 56% of the deep separable convolution model. Under the condition of strong noise interference,the fault diagnosis and recognition rate is still higher than that of the conventional convolution model,which confirms its engineering application value.
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提出一种GhostConv轻量级网络模型并将其用于故障诊断。GhostConv利用常规卷积生成一小部分特征图,然后在生成的特征图上进行多次特征提取来生成其余特征图,最大程度地节约了常规卷积中生成冗余特征图的成本,减少了模型参数,保证了模型的性能。采用连续小波变换对振动信号进行时频变换生成二维时频图,之后利用设计的GhostConv搭建轻量级网络模型进行故障诊断。采用凯斯西储大学轴承数据集进行验证,并与其他卷积结构网络模型进行参数量、计算量以及识别准确率的对比。实验结果表明,与其他模型相比,所使用的网络模型在参数量和计算量较少的条件下依旧有较高的识别精度,且具有较好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,具有一定的工程应用价值。
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, authorsList=赵志宏, 李春秀, 杨绍普)}, authors=[Author(id=1228042459993801055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hb_zhaozhihong@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228042460148990309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, authorId=1228042459993801055, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-hong ZHAO, firstName=Zhi-hong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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赵志宏(1972—),男,博士,教授。E-mail: hb_zhaozhihong@126.com。
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2School of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228042460597780852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, authorId=1228042460333539692, language=CN, stringName=李春秀, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室, 河北 石家庄 050043)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228042459788280151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228042459796668760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, companyId=1228042459788280151, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2石家庄铁道大学信息科学与技术学院, 河北 石家庄 050043)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228042462388748726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Architecture of depthwise separable convolution, figureFileSmall=laOkYG9psrDf0d7K7NrtmA==, figureFileBig=BpKEKlrSbWXovVTqVd/9Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042462506189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
深度可分离卷积结构, figureFileSmall=laOkYG9psrDf0d7K7NrtmA==, figureFileBig=BpKEKlrSbWXovVTqVd/9Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042462636212668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Architecture of Ghost module, figureFileSmall=Ur6GpvK4jPqBdWri5cIVag==, figureFileBig=q9ujvItN8tK5fN+ECqKYeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042462749458879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Ghost模块结构, figureFileSmall=Ur6GpvK4jPqBdWri5cIVag==, figureFileBig=q9ujvItN8tK5fN+ECqKYeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042462871093699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Architecture of GhostConv, figureFileSmall=Uc02qSytpeyalrVEpMdBkQ==, figureFileBig=kXHCJc1sqn4Gdu7Ie7K0LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042463886115272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
GhostConv结构, figureFileSmall=Uc02qSytpeyalrVEpMdBkQ==, figureFileBig=kXHCJc1sqn4Gdu7Ie7K0LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464041304523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Structure of model, figureFileSmall=fMZiZp4K5Mj885+4/3svnA==, figureFileBig=AbMpdaHrBJL9iPNVv6ih8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464175522256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
模型结构, figureFileSmall=fMZiZp4K5Mj885+4/3svnA==, figureFileBig=AbMpdaHrBJL9iPNVv6ih8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464297157078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Fault diagnosis process, figureFileSmall=LVOKeQbFDVIcRGEnJIrSPA==, figureFileBig=+R4yKkW4domcBD5s4X0spw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464406208986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
故障诊断流程, figureFileSmall=LVOKeQbFDVIcRGEnJIrSPA==, figureFileBig=+R4yKkW4domcBD5s4X0spw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464490095070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Complex Morlet wavelet time-frequency diagram of bearing under different working conditions, figureFileSmall=j+IXRXsVRUvolbB1fdUocw==, figureFileBig=FLzoaJc6uab5JSLY0FLA9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464594952675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
轴承不同工况下Complex Morlet小波时频图, figureFileSmall=j+IXRXsVRUvolbB1fdUocw==, figureFileBig=FLzoaJc6uab5JSLY0FLA9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464670450149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The accuracy rate and loss rate of the proposed network model, figureFileSmall=nwGja+EKWJLFRYIitxoKQQ==, figureFileBig=uc2nB/a5eyDUdUv0YniLdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464741753321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
本文模型准确率及损失率, figureFileSmall=nwGja+EKWJLFRYIitxoKQQ==, figureFileBig=uc2nB/a5eyDUdUv0YniLdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464825639403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Confusion matrix, figureFileSmall=72+pk8gqsF8z5YS73oMAKw==, figureFileBig=mrEEEFkNcUXe1g1XC9LXlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042464951468525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
混淆矩阵, figureFileSmall=72+pk8gqsF8z5YS73oMAKw==, figureFileBig=mrEEEFkNcUXe1g1XC9LXlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042465060520431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Comparison of measurement accuracy under different noise levels, figureFileSmall=HKHFIizAnU9wNUx8WnJAgg==, figureFileBig=ZFS0nGWoniK0DXO+KK1HwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042465177960946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同噪声程度下测试精度比较, figureFileSmall=HKHFIizAnU9wNUx8WnJAgg==, figureFileBig=ZFS0nGWoniK0DXO+KK1HwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042465328955895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Accuracy rate of the model when the rotating speed changes, figureFileSmall=m4yCoEbNo+GNH/oXEpYPEg==, figureFileBig=vY7Me+g3ZY5fK09HTd0iEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042465408647674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
转速改变时模型的准确率, figureFileSmall=m4yCoEbNo+GNH/oXEpYPEg==, figureFileBig=vY7Me+g3ZY5fK09HTd0iEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228042465484145149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Complexity analysis of different convolutions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 卷积结构 | 卷积核大小 | 参数量 | 计算量 |
|---|
| 常规卷积 | (K,K,C1) | K×K×C1×C0 | H×W×K×K×C1×C0 |
| 分组卷积 | (K,K,C1/G) | K×K×C1/G×C0 | H×W×K×K×C1/G×C0 |
| 深度可分离卷积 | (K,K,1)+(1,1,C1) | K×K×C1+C1×C0 | H×W×C1×(K×K+C0) |
| Ghost模块 | (1,1,C1)+(K,K,1) | C1×C0/2+(C0-C0/2)×K×K | H×W×C1×C0/2+H×W×(C0-C0/2)×K×K |
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不同卷积复杂度分析
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| 卷积结构 | 卷积核大小 | 参数量 | 计算量 |
|---|
| 常规卷积 | (K,K,C1) | K×K×C1×C0 | H×W×K×K×C1×C0 |
| 分组卷积 | (K,K,C1/G) | K×K×C1/G×C0 | H×W×K×K×C1/G×C0 |
| 深度可分离卷积 | (K,K,1)+(1,1,C1) | K×K×C1+C1×C0 | H×W×C1×(K×K+C0) |
| Ghost模块 | (1,1,C1)+(K,K,1) | C1×C0/2+(C0-C0/2)×K×K | H×W×C1×C0/2+H×W×(C0-C0/2)×K×K |
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Network parameters
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| 层数 | 网络层 | 重要参数 |
|---|
| 1 | Conv1 | 通道数32、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 2 | GhostConv1 | 通道数64、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 3 | GhostConv2 | 通道数128、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 4 | GhostConv3 | 通道数128、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 5 | GhostConv4 | 通道数256、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 6 | GhostConv5 | 通道数256、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 7 | GhostConv6 | 通道数512、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 8 | GhostConv7 | 通道数1024、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 9 | GhostConv8 | 通道数1024、卷积核尺寸1、步长1 |
| 10 | AvgPool | 卷积核尺寸7、步长1 |
| 11 | FC | 神经元个数为故障类别数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042465710637574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
网络参数
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| 层数 | 网络层 | 重要参数 |
|---|
| 1 | Conv1 | 通道数32、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 2 | GhostConv1 | 通道数64、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 3 | GhostConv2 | 通道数128、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 4 | GhostConv3 | 通道数128、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 5 | GhostConv4 | 通道数256、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 6 | GhostConv5 | 通道数256、卷积核尺寸3、步长1 |
| 7 | GhostConv6 | 通道数512、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 8 | GhostConv7 | 通道数1024、卷积核尺寸3、步长2 |
| 9 | GhostConv8 | 通道数1024、卷积核尺寸1、步长1 |
| 10 | AvgPool | 卷积核尺寸7、步长1 |
| 11 | FC | 神经元个数为故障类别数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042465811300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Comparison of model parameters at different s
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| 比例s | 参数量/M | 计算量/M | 故障诊断准确率/% |
|---|
| 2 | 4.07 | 1090 | 100 |
| 3 | 2.74 | 749.40 | 100 |
| 4 | 2.06 | 566.70 | 100 |
| 5 | 1.66 | 466.79 | 100 |
| 6 | 1.40 | 397.35 | 100 |
| 7 | 1.21 | 350.29 | 100 |
| 8 | 1.05 | 302.65 | 100 |
| 9 | 0.95 | 284.03 | 98.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042465916158481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同s时模型参数对比
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| 比例s | 参数量/M | 计算量/M | 故障诊断准确率/% |
|---|
| 2 | 4.07 | 1090 | 100 |
| 3 | 2.74 | 749.40 | 100 |
| 4 | 2.06 | 566.70 | 100 |
| 5 | 1.66 | 466.79 | 100 |
| 6 | 1.40 | 397.35 | 100 |
| 7 | 1.21 | 350.29 | 100 |
| 8 | 1.05 | 302.65 | 100 |
| 9 | 0.95 | 284.03 | 98.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466075542040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Comparison of model parameters of different convolution structures
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| 模型 | 参数量/M | 计算量/M | 故障诊断准确率/% |
|---|
| CNN | 16.48 | 2560 | 100 |
| DWCNN | 1.87 | 318.48 | 99.60 |
| 本文模型 | 1.05 | 302.65 | 99.88 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466180399644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同卷积结构模型参数对比
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| 模型 | 参数量/M | 计算量/M | 故障诊断准确率/% |
|---|
| CNN | 16.48 | 2560 | 100 |
| DWCNN | 1.87 | 318.48 | 99.60 |
| 本文模型 | 1.05 | 302.65 | 99.88 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466331394594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Comparison with other lightweight networks
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| 模型 | 参数量/M | 内存占用/M | 计算量/M | 准确率/% |
|---|
| 本文模型 | 1.05 | 29.86 | 302.65 | 74.83 |
| MobileNet V2 | 2.23 | 74.25 | 318.97 | 68.50 |
| ShuffleNet V2 | 1.26 | 20.84 | 149.58 | 58.67 |
| GhostNet | 3.91 | 40.05 | 149.41 | 63.83 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466423669285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
与其他轻量级网络对比
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| 模型 | 参数量/M | 内存占用/M | 计算量/M | 准确率/% |
|---|
| 本文模型 | 1.05 | 29.86 | 302.65 | 74.83 |
| MobileNet V2 | 2.23 | 74.25 | 318.97 | 68.50 |
| ShuffleNet V2 | 1.26 | 20.84 | 149.58 | 58.67 |
| GhostNet | 3.91 | 40.05 | 149.41 | 63.83 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466536915498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Comparison of different data processing methods
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| 数据处理方法 | 准确率/% |
|---|
| 短时傅里叶变换 | 99.83 |
| 灰度图 | 100 |
| GADF | 98.75 |
| 本文模型 | 100 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228042466616607277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228011508093874605, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同数据处理方法对比
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| 数据处理方法 | 准确率/% |
|---|
| 短时傅里叶变换 | 99.83 |
| 灰度图 | 100 |
| GADF | 98.75 |
| 本文模型 | 100 |
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