Article(id=1227627709635948919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227627707664630277, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.06.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1658592000000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-24, revisedDate=1667491200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770618854196, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770618854196, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770618854196, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770618854196, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227627707664630277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='903', pageEnd='1088', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770618853726, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795304861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228367797449851747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227627707664630277, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228367797449851748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227627707664630277, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=954, endPage=963, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227627709812109688, articleId=1227627709635948919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Theoretical study on imbalance vibration of rotor controlled by dynamic vibration absorber and automatic ball balancer simultaneously, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An Automatic Ball Balancer (ABB) can entirely eliminate the unknown imbalance of the rotor above the critical speed. However,it has the disadvantage of causing large amplitude resonance response and unstable oscillation near the critical speed. To overcome these shortcomings and improve its vibration suppression performance,this paper proposes the addition of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DVA). Using the Jeffcott eccentric rotor model as the research object,dynamic equations are established to control the unbalanced vibration of the rotor when the DVA and ABB are used either separately or in combination,based on the Lagrange equation. The harmonic balance method is used to solve the amplitude expression of the new coupling system,and the influence laws of each parameter on the steady-state amplitude-frequency curve are analyzed to obtain more suitable parameters. The steady-state amplitude-frequency characteristic diagram and the transient amplitude time-domain change curves are obtained using the Runge-Kutta numerical calculation method. The comparison results show that the new scheme of combining the two methods effectively reduces the vibration level of the rotor when passing through the critical resonance region,and causes the rotor to attenuate to zero amplitude above the critical speed. This new scheme achieves the goal of combining the advantages of the two methods and provides superior vibration suppression.

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球式自动平衡器(Automatic Ball Balancer,简称ABB)可以在临界转速以上区域完全消除转子未知不平衡量,但其缺点是在临界转速附近会引起大振幅的共振响应和不稳定振荡。为此增加动力吸振器(Dynamic Vibration Absorber,简称DVA)来克服其缺点,改善其抑振性能。以Jeffcott偏心转子模型为研究对象,根据拉格朗日方程建立了吸振器、球平衡器单独使用以及两者结合使用时控制转子不平衡振动的动力学方程,使用谐波平衡法理论求解新耦合系统的振幅表达式,并分析各参数对稳态幅频曲线的影响规律以获得较合适的参数,采用龙格⁃库塔数值方法计算得到稳态幅频特性图和瞬态振幅时域变化曲线。对比结果表明,两种手段并用的新方案有效降低了转子经过临界共振区时的振动水平,并使转子在临界转速以上区域衰减为零振幅,达到了融合两者优点的目的,具有更优良的抑振效果。

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朱光远(1994—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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朱光远(1994—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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朱光远(1994—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science)201940(10): 1437-1441., articleTitle=Performance comparison of GNES and LDVA in vibration suppression of rotor systems, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227627767462818078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227627709635948919, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227627767475400991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227627709635948919, companyId=1227627767462818078, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology,Xi’an 710055,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227627767487983904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227627709635948919, companyId=1227627767462818078, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227627709635948919, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structural parameters of rotor system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值参数取值参数取值
/kg10(Ns·m-1)0.024/mm0.043
/kg0.005/kg0.5/mm43
(N·m-1)(N·m-1)1150/mm4.3
(Ns·m-1)4.8(Ns·m-1)4.8
), ArticleFig(id=1227627773099962825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227627709635948919, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

转子系统结构参数

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参数取值参数取值参数取值
/kg10(Ns·m-1)0.024/mm0.043
/kg0.005/kg0.5/mm43
(N·m-1)(N·m-1)1150/mm4.3
(Ns·m-1)4.8(Ns·m-1)4.8
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吸振器与球平衡器并用控制转子不平衡振动的理论研究
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朱光远 , 张小龙 , 东亚斌 , 何育民
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(6): 954-963
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振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(6): 954-963
吸振器与球平衡器并用控制转子不平衡振动的理论研究
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朱光远 , 张小龙, 东亚斌, 何育民
作者信息
  • 西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 朱光远(1994—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

Theoretical study on imbalance vibration of rotor controlled by dynamic vibration absorber and automatic ball balancer simultaneously
Guang-yuan ZHU , Xiao-long ZHANG, Ya-bin DONG, Yu-min HE
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology,Xi’an 710055,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.06.006
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球式自动平衡器(Automatic Ball Balancer,简称ABB)可以在临界转速以上区域完全消除转子未知不平衡量,但其缺点是在临界转速附近会引起大振幅的共振响应和不稳定振荡。为此增加动力吸振器(Dynamic Vibration Absorber,简称DVA)来克服其缺点,改善其抑振性能。以Jeffcott偏心转子模型为研究对象,根据拉格朗日方程建立了吸振器、球平衡器单独使用以及两者结合使用时控制转子不平衡振动的动力学方程,使用谐波平衡法理论求解新耦合系统的振幅表达式,并分析各参数对稳态幅频曲线的影响规律以获得较合适的参数,采用龙格⁃库塔数值方法计算得到稳态幅频特性图和瞬态振幅时域变化曲线。对比结果表明,两种手段并用的新方案有效降低了转子经过临界共振区时的振动水平,并使转子在临界转速以上区域衰减为零振幅,达到了融合两者优点的目的,具有更优良的抑振效果。

振动控制  /  Jeffcott偏心转子模型  /  动力吸振器  /  球式自动平衡器  /  临界转速

An Automatic Ball Balancer (ABB) can entirely eliminate the unknown imbalance of the rotor above the critical speed. However,it has the disadvantage of causing large amplitude resonance response and unstable oscillation near the critical speed. To overcome these shortcomings and improve its vibration suppression performance,this paper proposes the addition of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DVA). Using the Jeffcott eccentric rotor model as the research object,dynamic equations are established to control the unbalanced vibration of the rotor when the DVA and ABB are used either separately or in combination,based on the Lagrange equation. The harmonic balance method is used to solve the amplitude expression of the new coupling system,and the influence laws of each parameter on the steady-state amplitude-frequency curve are analyzed to obtain more suitable parameters. The steady-state amplitude-frequency characteristic diagram and the transient amplitude time-domain change curves are obtained using the Runge-Kutta numerical calculation method. The comparison results show that the new scheme of combining the two methods effectively reduces the vibration level of the rotor when passing through the critical resonance region,and causes the rotor to attenuate to zero amplitude above the critical speed. This new scheme achieves the goal of combining the advantages of the two methods and provides superior vibration suppression.

vibration control  /  Jeffcott eccentric rotor model  /  dynamic vibration absorber  /  automatic ball balancer  /  critical speed
朱光远, 张小龙, 东亚斌, 何育民. 吸振器与球平衡器并用控制转子不平衡振动的理论研究. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (6) : 954 -963 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.06.006
Guang-yuan ZHU, Xiao-long ZHANG, Ya-bin DONG, Yu-min HE. Theoretical study on imbalance vibration of rotor controlled by dynamic vibration absorber and automatic ball balancer simultaneously[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (6) : 954 -963 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.06.006
在各种旋转机械中因为不平衡而导致的有害振动是一种常见的故障,特别是大多数旋转机械的工作转速通常位于其自身的一阶临界转速以上,无论是经过临界共振区时的强烈共振响应还是在工作转速时始终存在的不平衡振动都会影响机械寿命和工作精度,因此对转子系统的不平衡振动控制一直是研究重点。
产生转子不平衡的原因一方面是材质不均匀或加工装配不良,其不平衡量是固定的,可以通过高精度的现场平衡措施消除;另一方面是机械运转或操作过程引起的,如热变形、磨损腐蚀、叶片表面积垢、洗衣机中衣物放置不均匀等,其不平衡量是随机的、变化的,无法提前预知并消除。各种在线自动平衡装置可以解决这一问题,其分为主动式和被动式12。主动式自动平衡装置需要结构复杂的传感器、控制器和执行器,成本高昂,技术实现较困难,只适合在少数高精度的关键场合使用。被动式自动平衡装置利用补偿质量的自由移动消除不平衡量,结构简单、成本低廉、不需外部能源且抑振效果较好,球式平衡器就是其中的一种。
球平衡器由距转子转轴一定半径的圆周轨道内自由移动的球体组成,在转速高于临界转速时这些滚球自然地运动到特定的平衡位置以抵消转子的不平衡量。许多学者研究了球平衡器的平衡机理和动态特性。Green等3分析了装有双球自动平衡器的平面运动转子的平衡解、极限环及其分岔行为。Rodrigues等4分析了配备两个球平衡器的刚性转子的双平面自动平衡性能。DeSmidt等5和Jung等6-7考虑了轴内部阻尼、球平衡器与不平衡平面之间的安装距离、非平面运动、非对称支承等因素,研究了安装球平衡器的柔性转子的稳态解和非同步极限环行为。张小龙等8研究了配备单、双球自动平衡装置的转子系统的周期解,并利用特征方程和Routh⁃Hurwitz判据分析了其稳定性。为了克服传统球平衡器在亚临界和临界转速区导致转子振动加剧的缺陷,Rezaee等9提出了将平衡球用径向和周向弹簧进行约束,使其能同时在径向和周向运动的球平衡器新结构,并研究了其平衡性能。Haidar等10提出了带离心夹具的分区轨道球式平衡器的新设计,建立了包括摩擦和碰撞因素的数学模型,并进行了实验研究。这些改进的新型球平衡器增强了该装置的实用性,有助于扩大其应用范围。
吸振器的具体形式灵活多变,结构简单,抑振效果良好,其缺点是有效吸振频带较窄,会产生两个新的共振峰。吸振器在土木建筑和往复式运动机构上已经获得了大量的研究和应用,近年一些学者开始尝试使用吸振器控制旋转机械的不平衡振动。张炳康等11设计了一种环形吸振器,并对其抑制转子过临界振动、变质量调频、不同安装位置和数量时的实际控制效果进行了实验研究。黄秀金等12设计了一种可通过改变悬臂杆有效长度实现变频调节的半主动笼式吸振器,根据变化的转子转速控制作动时机以连续抑制临界转速和工作转速下的振动,并避免了新共振峰的产生。冯浩然等13设计了通过电磁铁的吸合或脱离来控制吸振器质量块的接入或断开的开关控制策略,使吸振器只在临界共振区时才接入主系统发挥减振作用,并针对多跨转子轴系进行了实验研究。姚红良等14设计了一种通过不同直径悬臂杆与不同间隙孔的依次接触来拟合非线性弹性恢复力的非线性能量阱,并比较了其与线性吸振器对各向异性转子的抑振效果。以上研究证明了吸振器控制转子振动的可行性。
图1所示为设计的用于转子不平衡振动控制的吸振器结构图。在转子的转轴上安装滚动轴承将转子的旋转运动隔绝,使外部的整个吸振器结构不随转轴一起旋转从而避免引入额外的不平衡量,而只是将转轴的弯曲振动传递给吸振器。在滚动轴承无旋转的外圈,在两个垂直的坐标方向各安装一套参数完全相同的吸振器,即使用两个吸振器分别控制转子方向的振动,其弹簧刚度均为,阻尼系数均为,吸振器质量均为。两个吸振器都安装在一个固定于地面或基础的起支撑作用的框架上,通过框架上直线轴承的滑道限制两个吸振器只能在各自的方向上做直线运动。
图2所示为转子安装吸振器的物理模型。转子是在一个无质量弹性轴中部安装质量为的偏心圆盘(即Jeffcott转子模型),为了略去重力的影响,设转子为竖直布置。建立固定坐标系,两端支承连线与圆盘所在平面的交点为坐标原点,沿两端支承连线向上为轴,圆盘所在平面为平面。转轴的弯曲刚度为,运动阻尼为,圆盘形心,质心,质心与形心的距离即偏心距为。系统静止时圆心重合,取此时连线方向固定为轴,即旋转的起始位置。吸振器为子系统,其质量为,刚度为,阻尼为。吸振器质量相对自身静平衡位置的位移为。取广义坐标为,则根据拉格朗日方程可得系统的运动微分方程为:
式中  连线从起始位置转过的角位移。当圆盘以恒定角速度旋转时,;当圆盘匀加速旋转时,,其中,为角加速度,为初始角速度。
对式(1)进行无量纲化处理,定义如下参量:基准长度,基准时间,转子固有频率,吸振器固有频率,转子与吸振器的质量比,转子与吸振器的固有频率比,偏心量引起的激励频率与转子固有频率之比,转子阻尼比,吸振器阻尼比
则关于新的基准时间的无量纲方程为:
式中 
下面求解系统的稳态响应,即转子以角速度匀速旋转的情形。在式(2)中令,并将其变形为复数形式:
式中 
设稳态响应的形式为,代入式(3)求解得到转子的稳态振幅和相位角:
式中 
图3所示为转子安装球平衡器的物理模型,在不平衡转子圆盘上加工半径为的圆周轨道,放入2个可自由移动的平衡滚球。设2个滚球的质量均为(远小于圆盘质量),球在轨道中的运动阻尼为,球相对圆盘质心的角位置为,其余参数与前文一致。取广义坐标,根据拉格朗日方程得到系统的运动微分方程为:
对式(5)进行无量纲化处理,定义如下参量:基准长度,基准时间,转子固有频率
则关于新的基准时间的无量纲方程为:
图4为球平衡器与吸振器并用的转子系统物理模型,以此实现两者组合使用的转子不平衡振动抑制方案。
取广义坐标为,系统的动能、势能、耗散能分别为:
式中  为圆盘绕质心的转动惯量;质心和滚球的直角坐标表示为:
根据如下形式的拉格朗日方程:
式中  为广义外力;为广义坐标;为广义坐标的数目。
得到系统的运动微分方程为:
对式(8)进行无量纲化处理,定义如下参量:基准长度,基准时间,基准频率
则关于新的基准时间的无量纲方程为:
求解系统的稳态响应,即转子以角速度匀速旋转的情形。在式(9)中令,得到运动方程式:
设其解的形式为,代入式(10)并比较等式两边对应谐波项的系数使其相等(即谐波平衡法),可得方程式:
稳态振动时变量等于常量,所有变量的时间微分项都为零,得到方程式:
经过计算最终得到系统的稳态振幅表达式:
式中 分子取“+”号为,取“”号为
特别地,当时:
因此在的条件下用表达式作出转子的稳态振幅曲线,曲线的正值部分为,负值部分为,而正值部分才是有效解,所以只关注曲线的正值部分
这里与前文吸振器无量纲化方法类似,定义比例关系参数来重新表示方程式(9)中的系数。即经过变形得到,由此,振幅表达式也相应地用关系参数表示。
设圆盘质量 kg,安装在一根长m,直径m的轴中央,跨中刚度根据计算得 N/m,则轴的临界转速为rad/s,也即r/min。若给定,由此可设计出吸振器参数如表1所示。由表1中数据计算得,满足条件
表1参数,根据表达式(4)和(14)等作出转子不使用任何抑振装置(即原转子)、单独使用球平衡器(ABB)、单独使用吸振器(DVA)、吸振器与球平衡器并用(ABB+DVA)四种情况下的稳态振幅曲线,如图5所示(图中纵坐标是以基准长度进行无量纲化得到的振幅,如果以无量纲偏心距作参照,其大小更直观,下同)。由图5可知,单独使用球平衡器时,转子在高于临界转速时振幅降为零,达到了完全平衡,但在临界转速处其共振峰值相比原转子没有降低(峰值超出图中纵坐标范围,故没有完整显示),甚至在低于临界转速时,其振幅始终比原转子更大,不平衡振动更加恶化。单独使用吸振器时,在临界转速附近,其振幅相比原转子共振峰值有大幅降低,有效抑制了临界共振区的振幅,这正是吸振器能够控制主系统固有频率处共振响应的体现,但在临界转速以上区域不平衡振动不能完全消除,其振幅将与原转子一样趋于无量纲偏心距。而本文吸振器与球平衡器并用的抑振方案融合了两种装置各自单独使用时的优点,不但有效降低了临界共振区的最大峰值,同时实现了临界转速以上区域完全消除不平衡振动的目的,使转子振幅稳定为零。体现出优异的抑振性能。
(1) 吸振器阻尼比、转子阻尼比的影响
转子以及吸振器阻尼比对转子振幅曲线的影响如图6所示。由图6(a)可知,当转子阻尼比取较小值如时,振幅曲线出现不随吸振器阻尼比变化的3个定点,第1定点位于横轴之上,第2和3定点位于横轴之下。如前文所述只观察横轴之上的曲线部分,当取值由小到大时,横轴之上的曲线部分由双峰变为了第1,2定点之间的单峰。
对比图6(a),(b)可知转子阻尼比的影响规律是:随着其值的增大,图中振幅整体减小,但曲线不再严格地相交于3个定点,曲线出现了分散。
(2) 固有频率比的影响
转子与吸振器的固有频率比对转子振幅曲线的影响如图7所示。对比图7(a),(b)可知,当参数增大时,从横轴位置来看,第1,3定点的横坐标都向低速移动,而第2定点的横坐标基本不变;从纵轴位置来看,第1定点始终在横轴之上并靠近横轴,第3定点始终在横轴之下并远离横轴,而第2定点则从横轴之下的位置逐渐上升穿过横轴并继续升高。只观察横轴以上的曲线部分,当较小、曲线为双峰时,随着增大双峰的峰值呈现在1定点处缩小、在3定点处增大的规律。因此合适的参数应使振幅曲线在共振区之前尽早、以尽量低的峰值进入横轴之下,并且之后一直保持在横轴之下。这样的话,就应使第2定点处于横轴之下且尽量压低第1定点。所以当时,权衡利弊,选取是较优选择,这时在第1定点附近出现峰值,并且很快降至横轴以下。
(3) 质量比的影响
转子和吸振器的质量比对转子振幅曲线的影响如图8所示。对比图8(a),(b)可知,随着质量比增大,3个定点带动幅频曲线在横轴上向中心聚拢,第1,3定点的纵坐标远离横轴,这表明第1定点有靠近共振点且振幅增大的趋势,振幅曲线将无法更早、以更小的峰值进入横轴之下,这是不利的。因此在允许的情况下应增大吸振器质量(即减小质量比)。
使用龙格⁃库塔法在MATLAB中对方程式(11)进行数值计算。在转子以恒定角速度旋转时,对比有无安装吸振器时球平衡器控制转子振动的效果。图9为当时,单独使用球平衡器和两种抑振手段并用时转子振幅的数值计算结果,只出现一个圆圈表示在该频率比下振幅收敛为确定值,出现上、下圆圈连线表示在该频率比下振幅无法收敛而波动的区间。这是因为此时滚球在轨道中持续滚动无法停止,所以在共振峰过后会出现一段振幅不稳定区域。由图9可知,两种抑振手段并用时无论稳定频段的振幅峰值还是不稳定频段的振幅振荡水平都明显降低了。因此针对转子不平衡振动控制,两者并用的方案有更优异的控制效果。
在实际工程中,转子通常都是工作在临界转速以上的高速区,开机启动时需要从静止状态逐渐升速越过临界转速达到特定的工作转速;关机时又要经历相反的减速过程,同样也会经过转子的临界共振区。所以本节分析转子的瞬态响应特性,即转子以一定的角加速度经历“匀加速过共振⁃稳定运行⁃匀减速过共振”整个动态过程时其振幅随时间的变化情况,进一步考察各种抑振方法的效果。
在方程式(2),(6)和(9)中,令转子旋转角位移为:,其中为角加速度,为初始角速度。使用龙格⁃库塔法在MATLAB中进行数值计算。由表1得转子的临界转速为 rad/s,设工作转速(rad/s),所有初始条件均为零时,原转子、使用吸振器、使用球平衡器、球平衡器与吸振器并用四种情况下转子的瞬态振幅曲线如图10所示,图10(a)和(b)角加速度分别为(rad/s2),变速阶段用时分别为320 s和32 s,在工作转速下稳定运行100 s。
图10中,单独使用球平衡器时转子振幅一直振荡上升而没有如图9一样在处降为零,这是因为图9是在转子以恒定角速度稳定旋转后滚球才被释放,而图10从一开始滚球就是自由的,随着转子加速滚球的动能越来越大,无法停在特定的平衡位置,导致转子振动愈来愈剧烈。而两种手段并用的场合,转子振幅经过一定程度的振荡之后仍然可以衰减为零,达到平衡目的,这说明吸振器抑制了球平衡器原本失控的振动,起到了稳定系统和降低共振响应的作用。单独使用吸振器时,在加减速经过临界共振区时可以大幅减小原转子的共振峰值,但在超临界的工作转速下却和原转子一样始终存在振动。此外,对比图10(a),(b)可见,改变角加速度只是改变了振幅曲线的波动形态,但依然符合以上观察到的三种抑振方式的作用特点。
通过参量进一步考察滚球运动阻尼对球平衡器工作性能的影响,其关系为图11(a)即为图10(a)的全貌。由图11(b),(c)可知,加速阶段持续的能量输入导致球平衡器中滚球剧烈滚动而无法停止,发挥不了平衡作用而失效,但增加吸振器后经过短暂振荡最终滚球可以稳定在特定的平衡位置从而完全消除振动。如图12(b)所示,增大滚球阻尼后,两滚球运动后可以停留在偏心的相反一侧,从而部分地消除原始不平衡,但没有如图12(c)一样分离开来,所以仍没有达到完全平衡。图13(b),(c)中继续增加阻尼,滚球可以一次就调整到位实现平衡,并且由图13(c)可见,阻尼已经稍大而对滚球运动有些阻滞使其需要更长时间才能停留在精确的位置。之后再继续增加滚球阻尼,滚球运动将愈发困难,接近固结于圆盘上成为一体,从而附加ABB+DVA的振幅曲线趋近于单独附加DVA的曲线,附加ABB的振幅曲线将趋近于原转子的情形。因此,增加吸振器有助于提高球平衡器的稳定性,扩大其对阻尼参数的适应范围,防止其在滚球阻尼较小时失控。
本文以Jeffcott偏心转子模型为研究对象,建立了分别使用吸振器和球平衡器以及两者并用时控制转子不平衡振动的动力学方程,通过理论解析和数值计算研究了转子系统的稳态幅频特性和瞬态振幅变化规律,从而比较了三种抑振手段对转子不平衡振动的控制性能。得到结论如下:
(1) 吸振器可以大幅抑制不平衡转子在临界转速附近的共振峰值,其缺点是在临界转速以上转子的工作转速时无法完全消除振动,其振幅将与原转子一样趋于偏心距
(2)球平衡器可以在临界转速以上时利用滚球的自动分布从而完全消除转子的不平衡振动,其缺点是对转子的临界共振响应无抑制作用,并且在滚球阻尼较小时内部滚球持续运动无法停止,反而使振动愈来愈剧烈而起不到平衡作用。
(3) 本文的吸振器与球平衡器并用的方案结合了两者的优点,在加速和减速段通过临界共振区时其振幅水平大幅降低,在临界转速之上的工作转速时其振幅完全降为零,并且吸振器克服了球平衡器的持续振荡危险,使其在原本失控的阻尼范围也可以正常工作,发挥平衡作用。
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2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.06.006
  • 接收时间:2022-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-24
  • 修回日期:2022-11-04
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    西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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