Article(id=1227620266721870719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227620260010979924, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1652803200000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-18, revisedDate=1660838400000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770617079668, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770617079668, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770617079668, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770617079668, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227620260010979924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2024', volume='37', issue='5', pageStart='729', pageEnd='902', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770617078068, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795280844, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228367696677499202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227620260010979924, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228367696677499203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227620260010979924, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=885, endPage=895, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227620268185682827, articleId=1227620266721870719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Improved convolutional capsule network method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present,many rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods based on convolutional networks have the disadvantages of poor diagnosis effect and poor generalization ability under the influence of noise signals and load variations. Aiming at these problems,an improved convolutional capsule network fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing under variable operating conditions is proposed. This method designs a multi-scale asymmetric convolution module,in which asymmetric convolution layers of different scales to extract features from the input data to maximize the extraction of feature information in the data and reduce the number of parameters effectively. In this module,the channel attention mechanism is introduced to better extract useful channel features and improve the feature extraction ability of the method in this paper. By improving the fully connected layer in the network to the fully connected layer of the capsule,the capsule can avoid the loss of characteristic information in the space in the process of outputting vector feature information. Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and Southeast University gearbox dataset are used to verify the diagnostic performance of the proposed method and compare with other deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a better generalization and performance.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-qiang ZHAO, Jing-xuan CHAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1227620278654664831, articleId=1227620266721870719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=CN, title=改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法, columnId=0, journalTitle=振动工程学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前许多基于卷积网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法受噪声信号以及负荷变化的影响,存在诊断效果不佳、泛化能力差的问题。针对此问题提出一种改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法。该方法设计了多尺度非对称卷积模块,其中采用不同尺度的非对称卷积层对输入数据进行特征提取,在实现最大化提取数据中的特征信息的同时,还能够有效减少参数量;在该模块中引入通道注意力机制,能更好地提取有用的通道特征,提高该方法特征提取的能力;通过将网络中的全连接层改进为胶囊全连接层,使得胶囊在输出向量特征信息时,避免了特征信息在空间中的丢失。使用凯斯西储大学轴承数据集和东南大学变速箱数据集来验证所提方法的诊断性能,并与其他深度学习方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,与其他深度学习方法相比,具有较好的泛化性,效果更佳。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=X/kw1urR/7Y1a4MQfU696Q==, magXml=YvZw0ApRicvWboB5KLAX/w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=23+iemva6fEpc5HHoGJZ9A==, pdfFileSize=2776033, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=15KraB/UlyZ+WyM/y1i6KQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=c4ftVobqTNAjQf2VJB6nIw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵小强(1969—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

, authorsList=赵小强, 柴靖轩)}, authors=[Author(id=1227675667207221293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xqzhao@lut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1227675667320467509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, authorId=1227675667207221293, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-qiang ZHAO, firstName=Xiao-qiang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
2Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes,Lanzhou 730050,China
3National Experimental Teaching Center of Electrical and Control Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1227675667450490940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, authorId=1227675667207221293, language=CN, stringName=赵小强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050
2甘肃省工业过程先进控制重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050
3兰州理工大学国家级电气与控制工程实验室教学中心, 甘肃兰州 730050, bio={"content":"

赵小强(1969—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

赵小强(1969—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227675666875871251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666880065556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666892648472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227675666976534559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666984923167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666976534559, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666989117472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666976534559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2甘肃省工业过程先进控制重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227675667102363686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675667110752295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675667102363686, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3National Experimental Teaching Center of Electrical and Control Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675667114946600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675667102363686, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3兰州理工大学国家级电气与控制工程实验室教学中心, 甘肃兰州 730050)])]), Author(id=1227675667530182721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1227675667626651719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, authorId=1227675667530182721, language=EN, stringName=Jing-xuan CHAI, firstName=Jing-xuan, middleName=null, lastName=CHAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1227675667731509326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, authorId=1227675667530182721, language=CN, stringName=柴靖轩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227675666875871251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666880065556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666892648472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1227675667916058712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=fault diagnosis), Keyword(id=1227675668004139100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=rolling bearing), Keyword(id=1227675668083830881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=capsule network), Keyword(id=1227675668176105576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=asymmetric convolution), Keyword(id=1227675668239020142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=feature extraction), Keyword(id=1227675668348072054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=故障诊断), Keyword(id=1227675668431958139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=滚动轴承), Keyword(id=1227675668511649916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=胶囊网络), Keyword(id=1227675668582953087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=非对称卷积), Keyword(id=1227675668687810693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=特征提取)], refs=[Reference(id=1227675676204003727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=44, issue=6A, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张妮, 车立志, 吴小进, journalName=计算机科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张妮, 车立志, 吴小进. 基于数据驱动的故障诊断技术研究现状及展望[J]. 计算机科学201744(6A): 47-52., articleTitle=基于数据驱动的故障诊断技术研究现状及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676279501204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=44, issue=6A, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Zhang N, Che L Z, Wu X J, journalName=Computer Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang NChe L ZWu X J. Present situation and prospects of data-driven based fault diagnosis technique[J]. Computer Science201744(6A): 47-52., articleTitle=Present situation and prospects of data-driven based fault diagnosis technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676354998679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=130, issue=null, pageStart=377, pageEnd=388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Lu C, Wang Z Y, Qin W L, journalName=Signal Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu CWang Z YQin W L, et al. Fault diagnosis of rotary machinery components using a stacked denoising autoencoder-based health state identification[J]. Signal Processing2017130: 377-388., articleTitle=Fault diagnosis of rotary machinery components using a stacked denoising autoencoder-based health state identification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676434690458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=801, pageEnd=807, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=刘强, 柴天佑, 赵立杰, journalName=控制与决策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘强, 柴天佑, 赵立杰. 基于数据和知识的工业过程监视及故障诊断综述[J]. 控制与决策201025(6): 801-807., articleTitle=基于数据和知识的工业过程监视及故障诊断综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676535353759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=801, pageEnd=807, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Liu Q, Chai T Y, Zhao L J, journalName=Control and Decision, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu QChai T YZhao L J. Progress of data-driven and knowledge-driven process monitoring and fault diagnosis for industry process[J]. Control and Decision201025(6): 801-807., articleTitle=Progress of data-driven and knowledge-driven process monitoring and fault diagnosis for industry process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676615045540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=卢文涛, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢文涛. 基于胶囊网络模型过程故障识别的应用与研究[D]. 南昌: 华东交通大学, 2020., articleTitle=基于胶囊网络模型过程故障识别的应用与研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676690543015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Lu Wentao, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Wentao. Application and research of process fault identification based on CapsNet Model[D]. Nanchang: East China Jiaotong University, 2020., articleTitle=Application and research of process fault identification based on CapsNet Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676799594927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=12, issue=8, pageStart=2023, pageEnd=2029, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Muralidharan V, Sugumaran V, journalName=Applied Soft Computing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Muralidharan VSugumaran V. A comparative study of Naïve Bayes classifier and Bayes net classifier for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using wavelet analysis[J]. Applied Soft Computing201212(8): 2023-2029., articleTitle=A comparative study of Naïve Bayes classifier and Bayes net classifier for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using wavelet analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676900258227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=40, issue=9-10, pageStart=943, pageEnd=950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Yang Y, Yu D, Cheng J, journalName=Measurement, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang YYu DCheng J. A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM[J]. Measurement200740(9-10): 943-950., articleTitle=A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675676996727224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=217, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=贺岩松, 黄毅, 徐中明, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺岩松, 黄毅, 徐中明, 等. 基于小波奇异熵与SOFM神经网络的电机轴承故障识别[J]. 振动与冲击201736(10): 217-223., articleTitle=基于小波奇异熵与SOFM神经网络的电机轴承故障识别, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677097390523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=217, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=He Y S, Huang Y, Xu Z M, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Y SHuang YXu Z M, et al. Motor bearing fault identification based on wavelet singular entropy and SOFM neural network[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock201736(10): 217-223., articleTitle=Motor bearing fault identification based on wavelet singular entropy and SOFM neural network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677202248128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=2017, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Verstraete D, Ferrada A, Drognett E L, journalName=Shock & Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Verstraete DFerrada ADrognett E L, et al. Deep learning enabled fault diagnosis using time-frequency image analysis of rolling element bearings[J]. Shock & Vibration20172017: 1-17., articleTitle=Deep learning enabled fault diagnosis using time-frequency image analysis of rolling element bearings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677286134213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=69, issue=1, pageStart=845, pageEnd=855, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=He Z, Shao H, Ding Z, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He ZShao HDing Z, et al. Modified deep autoencoder driven by multisource parameters for fault transfer prognosis of aeroengine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics202169(1): 845-855., articleTitle=Modified deep autoencoder driven by multisource parameters for fault transfer prognosis of aeroengine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677370020298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=胡越, 罗东阳, 花奎, journalName=智能系统学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡越, 罗东阳, 花奎, 等. 关于深度学习的综述与讨论[J]. 智能系统学报201914(1): 1-19., articleTitle=关于深度学习的综述与讨论, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677474877904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Hu Y, Luo D Y, Hua K, journalName=Journal of Intelligent Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu YLuo D YHua K, et al. Overview on deep learning[J]. Journal of Intelligent Systems201914(1): 1-19., articleTitle=Overview on deep learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677562958293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=56, issue=9, pageStart=84, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=邵海东, 张笑阳, 程军圣, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵海东, 张笑阳, 程军圣, 等. 基于提升深度迁移自动编码器的轴承智能故障诊断[J]. 机械工程学报202056(9): 84-90., articleTitle=基于提升深度迁移自动编码器的轴承智能故障诊断, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677680398809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=56, issue=9, pageStart=84, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Shao H D, Zhang X Y, Cheng J S, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao H DZhang X YCheng J S, et al. Intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings using enhanced deep transfer auto-encoder[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering202056(9): 84-90., articleTitle=Intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings using enhanced deep transfer auto-encoder, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677760090590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=134, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=曲建岭, 余路, 袁涛, journalName=仪器仪表学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曲建岭, 余路, 袁涛, 等. 基于一维卷积神经网络的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断算法[J]. 仪器仪表学报201839(7): 134-143., articleTitle=基于一维卷积神经网络的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677831393765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=134, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Qu J L, Yu L, Yuan T, journalName=Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qu J LYu LYuan T, et al. Adaptive fault diagnosis algorithm for rolling bearings based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument201839(7): 134-143., articleTitle=Adaptive fault diagnosis algorithm for rolling bearings based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677898502633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=72-73, issue=null, pageStart=92, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Gan M, Wang C, Zhu C, journalName=Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan MWang CZhu C. Construction of hierarchical diagnosis network based on deep learning and its application in the fault pattern recognition of rolling element bearings[J]. Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing201672-73: 92-104., articleTitle=Construction of hierarchical diagnosis network based on deep learning and its application in the fault pattern recognition of rolling element bearings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675677961417197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=89, issue=null, pageStart=171, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Sun W, Shao S, Zhao R, journalName=Measurement, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun WShao SZhao R, et al. A sparse auto-encoder-based deep neural network approach for induction motor faults classification[J]. Measurement201689: 171-178., articleTitle=A sparse auto-encoder-based deep neural network approach for induction motor faults classification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678049497586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=张西宁, 向宙, 唐春华, journalName=西安交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张西宁, 向宙, 唐春华. 一种深度卷积自编码网络及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用[J]. 西安交通大学学报201852(7): 1-8., articleTitle=一种深度卷积自编码网络及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678124995062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Zhang X N, Xiang Z, Tang C H, journalName=Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X NXiang ZTang C H. A deep convolutional auto-encoding neural network and its application in bearing fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University201852(7): 1-8., articleTitle=A deep convolutional auto-encoding neural network and its application in bearing fault diagnosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678234046969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=100, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Laha S K, journalName=Measurement, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laha S K. Enhancement of fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using maximum kurtosis fast nonlocal means denoising[J]. Measurement2017100: 157-163., articleTitle=Enhancement of fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using maximum kurtosis fast nonlocal means denoising, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678317933054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=70, issue=null, pageStart=3524711, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Shao H, Li W, Xia M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao HLi WXia M, et al. Fault diagnosis of a rotor-bearing system under variable rotating speeds using two-stage parameter transfer and infrared thermal images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement202170: 3524711., articleTitle=Fault diagnosis of a rotor-bearing system under variable rotating speeds using two-stage parameter transfer and infrared thermal images, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678439567876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=3859, pageEnd=3869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Sabour S, Frosst N, Hinton G E, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sabour SFrosst NHinton G E. Dynamic routing between capsules[C]//Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Long Beach, CA, USA, 2017: 3859-3869., articleTitle=Dynamic routing between capsules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678540231175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=55, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=杨平, 苏燕辰, 张振, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨平, 苏燕辰, 张振. 基于卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断研究[J]. 振动与冲击202039(4): 55-62., articleTitle=基于卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678661865997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=55, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Yang P, Su Y C, Zhang Z, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang PSu Y CZhang Z. A study on rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on convolutional capsule network[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock202039(4): 55-62., articleTitle=A study on rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on convolutional capsule network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678737363475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Chen Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y. Convolutional neural network for sentence classification[D]. Waterloo: University of Waterloo, 2015., articleTitle=Convolutional neural network for sentence classification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678808666648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=4278, pageEnd=4284, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Szegedy C, Ioffe S, Vanhoucke V, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Szegedy CIoffe SVanhoucke V, et al. Inception-v4, inception-ResNet and the impact of residual connections on learning[C]//Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Palo Alto, CA, USA, 2017: 4278-4284., articleTitle=Inception-v4, inception-ResNet and the impact of residual connections on learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675678884164123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Bahdanau D, Cho K H, Bengio Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bahdanau DCho K HBengio Y. Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate[C]//3rd International Conference on Learning Representations. San Diego, United States , 2015: 1-15., articleTitle=Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680247312926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=2011, pageEnd=2023, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Hu J, Shen L, Sun G, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu JShen LSun G, et al. Squeeze-and-excitation networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence202042(8): 2011-2023., articleTitle=Squeeze-and-excitation networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680364753442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=2818, pageEnd=2826, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Szegedy C, Vanhoucke V, Ioffe S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Szegedy CVanhoucke VIoffe S, et al. Rethinking the Inception architecture for computer vision[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2016: 2818-2826., articleTitle=Rethinking the Inception architecture for computer vision, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680494776870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=2741, pageEnd=2747, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=33, authorNames=王贺兵, 张春梅, journalName=计算机应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王贺兵, 张春梅. 基于非对称卷积-压缩激发-次代残差网络的人脸关键点检测[J]. 计算机应用202141(9): 2741-2747., articleTitle=基于非对称卷积-压缩激发-次代残差网络的人脸关键点检测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680578662953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=2741, pageEnd=2747, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Wang H B, Zhang C M, journalName=Journal of Computer Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H BZhang C M. Facial detection based on ResNet with asymmetric convolution and squeeze excitation[J]. Journal of Computer Applications202141(9): 2741-2747., articleTitle=Facial detection based on ResNet with asymmetric convolution and squeeze excitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680658354732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=35, authorNames=杨宏业, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨宏业. 卷积神经网络的多光谱遥感图像超分辨率重建[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2020., articleTitle=卷积神经网络的多光谱遥感图像超分辨率重建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680746435120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Yang Hongye, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Hongye. Multispectral remote sensing images super-resolution based on convolutional neural network[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2020., articleTitle=Multispectral remote sensing images super-resolution based on convolutional neural network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680842904115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=王婷, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王婷.基于LSTM深度网络的电力负荷预测[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2020., articleTitle=基于LSTM深度网络的电力负荷预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675680935178805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wang Ting, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Ting. Power load forecasting based on LSTM deep network[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2020., articleTitle=Power load forecasting based on LSTM deep network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681031647800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=3110, pageEnd=3119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Zhao W, Ye J, Yang M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao WYe JYang M, et al. Investigating capsule networks with dynamic routing for text classification[C]//2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Brussels, Belgium, 2018: 3110-3119., articleTitle=Investigating capsule networks with dynamic routing for text classification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681149088314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Abadi M, Agarwal A, Barham P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abadi MAgarwal ABarham P,et al. Tensorflow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems[J]. arXiv:2016., articleTitle=Tensorflow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681258140220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=281, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=41, authorNames=袁壮, 董瑞, 张来斌, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁壮, 董瑞, 张来斌, 等. 深度领域自适应及其在跨工况故障诊断中的应用[J]. 振动与冲击202039(12): 281-288., articleTitle=深度领域自适应及其在跨工况故障诊断中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681342026304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=281, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Yuan Z, Dong R, Zhang L B, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan ZDong RZhang L B, et al. Deep domain adaptation and its application in fault diagnosis across working conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock202039(12): 281-288., articleTitle=Deep domain adaptation and its application in fault diagnosis across working conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681442689604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=2446, pageEnd=2455, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Shao S, McAleer S, Yan R, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao SMcAleer SYan R, et al. Highly accurate machine fault diagnosis using deep transfer learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics201915(4): 2446-2455., articleTitle=Highly accurate machine fault diagnosis using deep transfer learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681530769991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=23, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=44, authorNames=赵小强, 梁浩鹏, journalName=西安交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵小强, 梁浩鹏. 使用改进残差神经网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法[J]. 西安交通大学学报202054(9): 23-31., articleTitle=使用改进残差神经网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681644016202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=23, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Zhao X Q, Liang H P, journalName=Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao X QLiang H P. Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing under variable condition using improved residual neural network[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University202054(9): 23-31., articleTitle=Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing under variable condition using improved residual neural network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227675681723707981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=65, issue=2, pageStart=1539, pageEnd=1548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Zhao R, Wang D, Yan R, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao RWang DYan R, et al. Machine health monitoring using local feature-based gated recurrent unit networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics201865(2): 1539-1548., articleTitle=Machine health monitoring using local feature-based gated recurrent unit networks, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227675674358509936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, awardId=61763029, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(61763029), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227675675755213176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, awardId=62163023, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(62163023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227675675868459388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, awardId=21YF5GA072, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省科技计划资助项目(21YF5GA072), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227675675943956865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, awardId=2021CYZC-02, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227675666875871251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666880065556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666892648472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666875871251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227675666976534559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666984923167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666976534559, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675666989117472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675666976534559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2甘肃省工业过程先进控制重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227675667102363686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675667110752295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675667102363686, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3National Experimental Teaching Center of Electrical and Control Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227675667114946600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, companyId=1227675667102363686, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3兰州理工大学国家级电气与控制工程实验室教学中心, 甘肃兰州 730050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227675668931080337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of the two neurons, figureFileSmall=KDyScLzTSU4cHCwMVWTXzg==, figureFileBig=TmMMP9RXirZWlUnQ6iG0DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669031743639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两种神经元对比, figureFileSmall=KDyScLzTSU4cHCwMVWTXzg==, figureFileBig=TmMMP9RXirZWlUnQ6iG0DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669174349985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Capsule network structure diagram, figureFileSmall=I9NXeXeYEw9i7uc3QOGd9g==, figureFileBig=ZskpKCtxbK9CGuPLNnAAJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669241458854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图2, caption=胶囊网络结构图, figureFileSmall=I9NXeXeYEw9i7uc3QOGd9g==, figureFileBig=ZskpKCtxbK9CGuPLNnAAJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669325344935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Multi-scale asymmetric convolution module, figureFileSmall=bK9CcT1VoznlU63IkNZ3MA==, figureFileBig=Rs3eRcdbRLo4JFMLEKQzCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669405036714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图3, caption=多尺度非对称卷积模块, figureFileSmall=bK9CcT1VoznlU63IkNZ3MA==, figureFileBig=Rs3eRcdbRLo4JFMLEKQzCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669493117105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Capsule fully connected layer, figureFileSmall=gqgvNSkq/CV2Wy4qH3sEDQ==, figureFileBig=I0VIV/Ffgbho1NqPV90mgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669581197495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图4, caption=胶囊全连接层, figureFileSmall=gqgvNSkq/CV2Wy4qH3sEDQ==, figureFileBig=I0VIV/Ffgbho1NqPV90mgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669711220920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Improved convolutional capsule neural network structure, figureFileSmall=DvgJTHrXKKVAAZVfimI02w==, figureFileBig=KsTztthxqLw2jwUv0CkUrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675669820272830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图5, caption=改进的卷积胶囊神经网络结构, figureFileSmall=DvgJTHrXKKVAAZVfimI02w==, figureFileBig=KsTztthxqLw2jwUv0CkUrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671216976068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Input data reformatting, figureFileSmall=So3q/be6VSJYbyZGDYg8Og==, figureFileBig=3Los/3b9QT+kYQylxno84A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671334416584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图6, caption=输入数据格式重构, figureFileSmall=So3q/be6VSJYbyZGDYg8Og==, figureFileBig=3Los/3b9QT+kYQylxno84A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671464440011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of different methods under variable load working conditions, figureFileSmall=CkNsKT6GRvIKZw3lyaIX7A==, figureFileBig=PUs7097Ny/xhDAeG2eQ2Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671531548879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图7, caption=变负荷工况下不同方法的诊断准确度对比, figureFileSmall=CkNsKT6GRvIKZw3lyaIX7A==, figureFileBig=PUs7097Ny/xhDAeG2eQ2Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671602852051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Time domain diagram of different SNR states (original,-3,3,6,9 dB), figureFileSmall=YdV7nC8XIA5M2FXnQjn1Iw==, figureFileBig=XpUMthy6yfJvnU5s41bATA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671707709655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同信噪比状态(原始,-3,3,6,9 dB)时域图, figureFileSmall=YdV7nC8XIA5M2FXnQjn1Iw==, figureFileBig=XpUMthy6yfJvnU5s41bATA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671787401436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Results of different signal-to-noise ratios of the proposed method, figureFileSmall=9o/ZGIXybKZLQnWZHekXmw==, figureFileBig=yF2O2/2hx5h88SJfM8lFjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671862898913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图9, caption=本文方法不同信噪比下的诊断结果, figureFileSmall=9o/ZGIXybKZLQnWZHekXmw==, figureFileBig=yF2O2/2hx5h88SJfM8lFjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675671938396390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Confusion matrix comparisons for different methods, figureFileSmall=SvnmhrNgFtU+6q6sZoqp7A==, figureFileBig=f6aI5l06IH0a27w2W5WjhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675672018088170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同方法的混淆矩阵对比, figureFileSmall=SvnmhrNgFtU+6q6sZoqp7A==, figureFileBig=f6aI5l06IH0a27w2W5WjhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227675672097779954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Variable working condition dataset

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
训练数据集训练样本数测试数据集测试样本数
变负荷变噪声
数据集A6000数据集B
数据集C
数据集D
20002000
数据集B6000数据集A
数据集C
数据集D
20002000
数据集C6000数据集A
数据集B
数据集D
20002000
数据集D6000数据集A
数据集B
数据集D
20002000
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672223609078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变工况数据集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
训练数据集训练样本数测试数据集测试样本数
变负荷变噪声
数据集A6000数据集B
数据集C
数据集D
20002000
数据集B6000数据集A
数据集C
数据集D
20002000
数据集C6000数据集A
数据集B
数据集D
20002000
数据集D6000数据集A
数据集B
数据集D
20002000
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672320078079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Structural parameter design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称结构参数通道数量输出大小
输入(28,28)128×28
卷积层(1,1,1)1628×28
卷积层(3,1,1),(1,3,1)/(5,1,1),(1,5,1)/(1,1,1)3228×28
卷积层(5,1,1),(1,5,1)/(3,1,1),(1,3,1)/(1,1,1)3228×28
通道注意力模块
主胶囊层(9,9,2)326×(8)
数字胶囊层(10,16,1)25616×(10)
全连接胶囊层(256/1024)10×(8)
胶囊输出层(1024/10)
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672412352773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结构参数设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称结构参数通道数量输出大小
输入(28,28)128×28
卷积层(1,1,1)1628×28
卷积层(3,1,1),(1,3,1)/(5,1,1),(1,5,1)/(1,1,1)3228×28
卷积层(5,1,1),(1,5,1)/(3,1,1),(1,3,1)/(1,1,1)3228×28
通道注意力模块
主胶囊层(9,9,2)326×(8)
数字胶囊层(10,16,1)25616×(10)
全连接胶囊层(256/1024)10×(8)
胶囊输出层(1024/10)
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672533987597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Network parameters of the contrast methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法名称网络结构
CNN卷积层(3,32)→卷积层(4×3,64)→卷积层(3,128)→卷积层(3,128)→卷积层(3,64)→全连接层(256/1024)→全连接层(1024/200)→全连接层(200/10)
IRB[32]数据池化(3,32)→残差块1(3,64)→残差块2(3,64)→残差块3(3,64)→残差块4(3,128)→残差块5(3,128)→全连接层(256/1024)→全连接层(1024/10)
FD-CCN[19]卷积层(127×1,32)→池化层(2,32) →卷积层(7,32)→池化层(2,32)→主胶囊层(3,8,32)→数字胶囊层(10×16)→全连接层(1024/10)
CapsNet[18]卷积层(9×9,256)→主胶囊层(9,2,32)→数字胶囊层(10×16)→全连接层(1024/10)
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672613679378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

对比方法的网络参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法名称网络结构
CNN卷积层(3,32)→卷积层(4×3,64)→卷积层(3,128)→卷积层(3,128)→卷积层(3,64)→全连接层(256/1024)→全连接层(1024/200)→全连接层(200/10)
IRB[32]数据池化(3,32)→残差块1(3,64)→残差块2(3,64)→残差块3(3,64)→残差块4(3,128)→残差块5(3,128)→全连接层(256/1024)→全连接层(1024/10)
FD-CCN[19]卷积层(127×1,32)→池化层(2,32) →卷积层(7,32)→池化层(2,32)→主胶囊层(3,8,32)→数字胶囊层(10×16)→全连接层(1024/10)
CapsNet[18]卷积层(9×9,256)→主胶囊层(9,2,32)→数字胶囊层(10×16)→全连接层(1024/10)
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672756285724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Training results with different methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断方法准确率/%损失值
CNN95.660.0460
IRB97.480.0249
FD-CCN99.140.0063
CapsNet98.900.0125
本文方法99.980.0034
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672852754725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方法训练结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断方法准确率/%损失值
CNN95.660.0460
IRB97.480.0249
FD-CCN99.140.0063
CapsNet98.900.0125
本文方法99.980.0034
), ArticleFig(id=1227675672949223722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The comparison results of different methods under different signal-to-noise ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
CNN90.22%92.69%94.61%95.37%
IRB91.13%93.24%96.35%97.32%
FD-CCN96.68%97.03%98.67%99.19%
CapsNet94.97%96.55%96.99%98.16%
本文方法97.95%98.47%99.19%99.71%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673045692719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同方法在不同信噪比下结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
CNN90.22%92.69%94.61%95.37%
IRB91.13%93.24%96.35%97.32%
FD-CCN96.68%97.03%98.67%99.19%
CapsNet94.97%96.55%96.99%98.16%
本文方法97.95%98.47%99.19%99.71%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673196687669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The comparison of experimental results of fault diagnosis for variable working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据集名称故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
数据集BIRB84.91%93.24%95.81%96.89%
CapsNet85.87%94.76%96.84%97.02%
FD-CCN85.96%95.88%97.39%97.41%
本文方法90.37%96.26%97.92%99.11%
数据集CIRB76.21%85.81%91.21%93.37%
CapsNet82.99%89.38%95.39%96.99%
FD-CCN86.67%97.21%97.99%98.18%
本文方法88.55%98.39%99.06%99.32%
数据集DIRB70.99%82.57%86.89%87.16%
CapsNet81.83%89.67%95.79%96.31%
FD-CCN88.04%95.96%97.34%97.99%
本文方法89.41%96.09%98.81%99.02%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673368654142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

变工况故障诊断实验结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据集名称故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
数据集BIRB84.91%93.24%95.81%96.89%
CapsNet85.87%94.76%96.84%97.02%
FD-CCN85.96%95.88%97.39%97.41%
本文方法90.37%96.26%97.92%99.11%
数据集CIRB76.21%85.81%91.21%93.37%
CapsNet82.99%89.38%95.39%96.99%
FD-CCN86.67%97.21%97.99%98.18%
本文方法88.55%98.39%99.06%99.32%
数据集DIRB70.99%82.57%86.89%87.16%
CapsNet81.83%89.67%95.79%96.31%
FD-CCN88.04%95.96%97.34%97.99%
本文方法89.41%96.09%98.81%99.02%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673578369350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Gearbox bearing dataset parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轴承状态20 Hz-0 V30 Hz-2 V
训练集测试集训练集测试集
正常状态600200600200
外圈故障600200600200
内圈故障600200600200
滚动体故障600200600200
内外联合故障600200600200
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673649672522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

变速箱轴承数据集参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轴承状态20 Hz-0 V30 Hz-2 V
训练集测试集训练集测试集
正常状态600200600200
外圈故障600200600200
内圈故障600200600200
滚动体故障600200600200
内外联合故障600200600200
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673725170001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The comparison of diagnostic results of each method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法训练集测试集
CNN97.33%95.03%
IRB98.62%96.91%
CapsNet99.18%98.33%
FD-CCN99.73%99.07%
本文方法99.98%99.83%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673817444692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

各方法的诊断结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法训练集测试集
CNN97.33%95.03%
IRB98.62%96.91%
CapsNet99.18%98.33%
FD-CCN99.73%99.07%
本文方法99.98%99.83%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673901330776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

The comparison results of gearbox bearing dataset by different methods at each signal-to-noise ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
CNN91.09%92.34%93.99%95.40%
IRB92.88%93.74%97.03%97.94%
FD-CCN96.98%97.35%98.97%99.31%
CapsNet95.21%97.07%97.69%98.66%
本文方法97.63%98.39%99.24%99.83%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675673981022558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同方法在各信噪比下变速箱轴承数据集结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法信噪比/dB
-3369
CNN91.09%92.34%93.99%95.40%
IRB92.88%93.74%97.03%97.94%
FD-CCN96.98%97.35%98.97%99.31%
CapsNet95.21%97.07%97.69%98.66%
本文方法97.63%98.39%99.24%99.83%
), ArticleFig(id=1227675674069102946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Number of parameters for each diagnostic method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法参数量/kB耗时/s
CNN92.6161
IRB103.2159
CapsNet940.5185
FD⁃CCN206.3127
本文方法426.2118
), ArticleFig(id=1227675674178154858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227620266721870719, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

各诊断方法的参数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障诊断方法参数量/kB耗时/s
CNN92.6161
IRB103.2159
CapsNet940.5185
FD⁃CCN206.3127
本文方法426.2118
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1225147830491308032, delFlag=0, nameCn=振动工程学报, nameEn=Journal of Vibration Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4523, eissn=null, cn=32-1349/TB, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Vibration Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770027604939, updatedTime=1770169610881, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=null, picEn=null, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1225743346702925905, language=CN, name=振动工程学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国振动工程学会, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770169587064, updatedTime=1770169587064, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1225743346765840466, language=EN, name=Journal of Vibration Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770169587079, updatedTime=1770169587079, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.manuscripts.com.cn/zdgcxb, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1225147924628267009, websiteList=[Website(id=1225150618881404985, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1225147924628267009, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770028269739, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770028293069, updateBy=18614031015, name=振动工程学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=振动工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1225151164178673750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770028399748, updateTime=1770028399748, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164157702227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770028399743, updateTime=1770028399743, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164203839577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028399754, updateTime=1770028399754, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164145119314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=L7mSU8YPwm66NWFMoTG4aQ==, createTime=1770028399740, updateTime=1770028399740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164212228187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028399756, updateTime=1770028399756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164170285141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770028399746, updateTime=1770028399746, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164208033882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028399755, updateTime=1770028399755, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164166090836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770028399745, updateTime=1770028399745, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164187062359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770028399750, updateTime=1770028399750, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151164195450968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150618881404985, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770028399752, updateTime=1770028399752, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1225150619003039804, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1225147924628267009, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770028269768, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770028309190, updateBy=18614031015, name=振动工程学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Vibration Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1225151193366835296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770028406707, updateTime=1770028406707, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193350058077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770028406703, updateTime=1770028406703, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193387806819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028406712, updateTime=1770028406712, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193341669468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=L7mSU8YPwm66NWFMoTG4aQ==, createTime=1770028406701, updateTime=1770028406701, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193400389733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028406715, updateTime=1770028406715, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193362640991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770028406706, updateTime=1770028406706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193392001124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770028406713, updateTime=1770028406713, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193354252382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770028406704, updateTime=1770028406704, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193371029601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770028406708, updateTime=1770028406708, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225151193379418210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225150619003039804, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770028406710, updateTime=1770028406710, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=振动工程学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zdgcxb.csve.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Vibration Engineering, journalPhotoCn=null, journalPhotoEn=null, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/PDF/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/EN/PDF/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法
收藏切换
PDF下载
赵小强 1, 2, 3 , 柴靖轩 1
振动工程学报 | 2024,37(5): 885-895
收起
收藏切换
振动工程学报 | 2024, 37(5): 885-895
改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法
全屏
赵小强1, 2, 3 , 柴靖轩1
作者信息
  • 1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050
  • 2甘肃省工业过程先进控制重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050
  • 3兰州理工大学国家级电气与控制工程实验室教学中心, 甘肃兰州 730050
  • 赵小强(1969—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

Improved convolutional capsule network method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Xiao-qiang ZHAO1, 2, 3 , Jing-xuan CHAI1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 3National Experimental Teaching Center of Electrical and Control Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017
文章导航
收藏切换

目前许多基于卷积网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法受噪声信号以及负荷变化的影响,存在诊断效果不佳、泛化能力差的问题。针对此问题提出一种改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法。该方法设计了多尺度非对称卷积模块,其中采用不同尺度的非对称卷积层对输入数据进行特征提取,在实现最大化提取数据中的特征信息的同时,还能够有效减少参数量;在该模块中引入通道注意力机制,能更好地提取有用的通道特征,提高该方法特征提取的能力;通过将网络中的全连接层改进为胶囊全连接层,使得胶囊在输出向量特征信息时,避免了特征信息在空间中的丢失。使用凯斯西储大学轴承数据集和东南大学变速箱数据集来验证所提方法的诊断性能,并与其他深度学习方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,与其他深度学习方法相比,具有较好的泛化性,效果更佳。

故障诊断  /  滚动轴承  /  胶囊网络  /  非对称卷积  /  特征提取

At present,many rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods based on convolutional networks have the disadvantages of poor diagnosis effect and poor generalization ability under the influence of noise signals and load variations. Aiming at these problems,an improved convolutional capsule network fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing under variable operating conditions is proposed. This method designs a multi-scale asymmetric convolution module,in which asymmetric convolution layers of different scales to extract features from the input data to maximize the extraction of feature information in the data and reduce the number of parameters effectively. In this module,the channel attention mechanism is introduced to better extract useful channel features and improve the feature extraction ability of the method in this paper. By improving the fully connected layer in the network to the fully connected layer of the capsule,the capsule can avoid the loss of characteristic information in the space in the process of outputting vector feature information. Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and Southeast University gearbox dataset are used to verify the diagnostic performance of the proposed method and compare with other deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a better generalization and performance.

fault diagnosis  /  rolling bearing  /  capsule network  /  asymmetric convolution  /  feature extraction
赵小强, 柴靖轩. 改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法. 振动工程学报, 2024 , 37 (5) : 885 -895 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017
Xiao-qiang ZHAO, Jing-xuan CHAI. Improved convolutional capsule network method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024 , 37 (5) : 885 -895 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017
旋转机械中的滚动轴承是关键部件,其运行状态直接影响到整个旋转机械的工作过程1,发生故障可能会损坏整个设备,造成重大损失。因此,对滚动轴承进行更准确、更智能的故障诊断是减少经济损失的重要保障2
故障诊断技术向智能化阶段发展,其中人工智能的算法对各种故障类型的识别和分类尤为重要34。作为人工智能的主要方法,机器学习可以有效地学习数据信息,模拟并实现人类学习行为,不断改进和提高自身的性能,取得更好的学习效果。贝叶斯分类器5、支持向量机6和神经网络7等机器学习方法虽然能够提取、识别与分类所需的故障特征,但是在提取轴承的故障信号特征时,往往使用复杂的数学工具,针对不同类型的故障所采用的特征提取方法也不同。传统的故障特征提取方法过于依赖信号处理的相关知识以及故障诊断专家的经验89,这对故障检测的效率和成本都是很大的考验。
与传统的人工智能故障诊断方法相比,深度学习技术不仅直接处理工业生产系统的检测信号,而且不过多依赖信号处理和专家经验。近年来,深度学习技术在轴承故障诊断领域取得了快速发展1011,例如卷积神经网络12、深度置信网络13、稀疏自编码器14和卷积自编码网络15等方法通过多层非线性特征提取结构,将振动信号进行多层非线性变换,可以比较充分地提取故障特征,诊断生产过程中的设备故障类别。然而在实际的工业应用中,传感器采集到的振动信号会无法避免地被现场各种噪声所污染1617。此外,轴承的转速会因负荷的变化而变化。鉴于各种复杂的系统组件及其内部工作原理,通常存在错综复杂且强相关的耦合关系。因此,传统的神经网络在诊断受噪声干扰和负荷变化影响的轴承故障时,会存在诊断准确率低、泛化能力差的问题。
胶囊网络由Sabour等18提出。与传统的神经网络不同,胶囊网络中的每个神经元都不是由传统的标量组成,而是由向量组成。因此,胶囊网络可以从输入数据中提取并存储更详细的特征,同时有效地减少特征信息的损失。初始胶囊网络提取特征时仅使用了单卷积;杨平等19提出双卷积层胶囊网络的诊断方法,但双卷积层胶囊网络只增加了一个卷积层和池化层18,使得原始图像数据特征未被进一步提取,导致细节特征提取不够完整,其特征提取能力还有待改善。
针对上述胶囊网络存在的问题,本文提出一种基于卷积胶囊网络的故障诊断方法。首先使用不同尺度非对称卷积层和注意力机制构建多尺度非对称卷积结构,然后使用胶囊全连接层改进了胶囊网络,最后结合多尺度非对称卷积和改进的胶囊网络进行特征分类,可以在强噪声影响或变负荷的情况下诊断轴承的故障,提高故障诊断的准确率。
在深度学习中,卷积神经网络(CNN)20是一种前馈神经网络,具有自动提取特征的能力,它通过多个卷积核逐层提取输入数据中的深层特征,卷积核的每个元素都包含一个权重系数和偏差,并对输入图像或数据执行局部卷积运算。
Inception结构使用不同大小的卷积核,通过堆叠来增加网络宽度,从而可以提取丰富的特征信息,同时利用1×1尺度的卷积核对输入的特征图进行降维,减少参数,加快网络计算及训练速度。由于激活函数的增加,多层卷积核的非线性表达能力得到提升;卷积层的深度增加,避免了一定的梯度弥散。目前,Inception模块已经更新到Inception v4和Inception⁃ResNet模块21
注意力机制模仿人观察事物、关注重点部位的特点,在自然语言处理、统计学习及语音识别等领域中22被广泛应用。通道注意力机制能更好地提取有用的通道特征,增强模型特征提取的能力。通道注意力模块由三部分组成:压缩模块、激励模块和注意力模块23。压缩模块由池化层将各通道内的全局空间特征信息进行求和压缩,形成各自的通道特征,该特征能反映全局的通道特征信息,等同扩大了网络的感受野;激励模块在增强模块迁移能力的同时降低模块的参数数量;注意力模块在每个通道域上将原卷积相应的通道特征值与得到的特征权重进行加权相加,使卷积通道特征表现不同的权重,提取出表征目标中的关键信息。
胶囊网络使用卷积层来对二维输入信息的各个区域进行卷积计算,并将计算结果堆叠,形成卷积层的输出。传统深度学习方法通常使用最大池化层来实现静态不变性,由于最大池化层持续搜寻二维矩阵的区域并选取区域内最大的计算结果,因此有价值的信息容易损失,并且对编码特征间的相对空间关系缺乏考虑,本文方法使用动态路由算法替代最大池化层,胶囊层提取的重要特征信息以向量形式被胶囊封装,普通标量神经元与胶囊向量神经元如图1所示。
图2胶囊网络结构中,设定上层胶囊为父胶囊,下层胶囊为子胶囊。除第一层胶囊外,其余下层胶囊的总输入是来自子胶囊的所有“预测向量”的加权和,记父胶囊层第个神经元为为与神经元相乘的权重矩阵。用非线性Squash函数替代传统激活函数,将总输入传递到胶囊网络中,得到最终的输出向量,其表达式为:
式中  是由迭代动态路由过程确定的耦合系数,其目的是使输入的神经元能够自主选择最好的路径传输到下一层神经元。胶囊与上一层,胶囊i-1层中所有胶囊之间的耦合系数之和为1,由“路由Softmax”确定,其初始Logits函数为胶囊连接到胶囊的对数先验概率,其表达式为:
在每一次动态路由的前向传播中,都先将初始化为0,使用式(5)来更新的值,从而更新的值,通过前向传播进一步修正的值,改变输出向量的值,通过动态路由迭代循环,最终得到一组最佳的耦合系数。
滚动轴承的工作环境通常伴随强噪声、变负荷等情况,导致实际轴承检测的振动信号容易受到外界因素干扰。为了充分利用胶囊网络的特征提取能力,同时改进神经网络需要处理大量的数据和时间来提高学习能力的缺点,并预防梯度损失的问题,本文提出了改进卷积胶囊的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法,设计了改进的多尺度非对称卷积模块和改进全连接胶囊层并引入通道注意力机制,实现对强噪声和变工况下故障的诊断。
为使胶囊网络从原始振动信号中获取更多的有用信息,并提升胶囊网络提取特征的速度,本文提出了一种改进的多尺度非对称卷积模块。该模块基于Inception结构,相比于普通的对称k×k卷积核的卷积,非对称卷积是将一个k×k的卷积拆解成一个k×1的卷积再串联一个1×k的卷积,两者的感受野是相同的,但非对称卷积能有效地减少参数量和运算量24,因为多个大小兼容的二维核使用相同的步长对同一输入进行操作,这些卷积核会产生具有相同分辨率的输出。在求和非对称卷积的输出后,相应位置的卷积核会相互叠加,从而形成一个等效的卷积核,其输出与原始输出相同25-26,其结构如图3所示:在第一层中,使用1×1结构,3×1与1×3的串联,以及5×1与1×5的串联结构。且并行的卷积层对输入故障数据进行不同尺度的特征提取,通道数设置为16,8,8;第二层将5×5,3×3的卷积分别等效拆解成5×1与1×5,3×1与1×3的非对称卷积,并与第一层串联,通道数都为16;第三层使用两个1×1且通道数都为32的卷积层。为了增加模型的非线性表达能力,在每个卷积层之后使用批量标准化和ReLU激活函数,然后通过Concat层对不同分支的特征维度进行堆叠拼接,并使用通道注意力机制获得不同特征信息的重要程度,依据重要程度增强有用特征,抑制干扰。
全连接层(Fully Connected Layers)在整个神经网络中起到将学习到的“分布式特征表示”映射到样本标记空间的作用27。因为全连接层的特性参数在网络中也是最多的,所以全连接层在综合前边提取的特征时,参数相对冗余,在模型进行最后故障分类时,存在特征信息丢失的问题。为使模型达到更好的故障诊断效果,本文改进了一种胶囊全连接层28来替代传统全连接层。胶囊全连接层是由子胶囊构成,子胶囊保留上层父胶囊提取的特征信息,如图4所示。当模型在最后压缩输出时,下层的胶囊被展平成胶囊列表,送入胶囊全连接层,胶囊层中每个子胶囊乘以转换矩阵,通过协议路由,以产生适用于每个类别的最终胶囊及其概率。因为协议路由内部会使用Softmax函数产生胶囊间的对数先验概率,所以本文使用ReLU激活函数在全连接层内部进行一次再压缩,针对每个最终胶囊进行解码。改进因胶囊全连接层内部的Softmax函数被过多使用,导致数值溢出的问题;所以在其内部使用ReLU函数进行单侧抑制,增强运算效率的同时,并没有像传统前连接层一样丢失过多的特征信息。因为各个胶囊尽可能地保留了特征向量,所以在将各个数字胶囊层提取的特征信息相连时,依旧保持较高的信息量,在最后使用ReLU函数来抑制过拟合,可以提高模型的分类准确度。
为提高卷积胶囊网络的特征提取效率,利用改进的多尺度特征提取模块进行前端特征提取,该模块采用多通道不同尺度的非对称卷积核,有效地减少特征提取时的参数量。采用通道注意力机制获得更多更有效的故障数据信息,并减少特征提取时的模型计算量,与主胶囊层相结合,将前端提取的标量特征信息转换为向量特征信息,在空间上存储了更多的有效特征信息。以动态路由算法替代了传统最大池化实现特征传递,并在后端数字胶囊层与输出层之间使用全连接胶囊层进行下一步的特征信息全连接和特征分类的输出传递,保证特征信息尽可能地存储在胶囊中,经过交叉熵损失函数输出故障诊断结果,其结构如图5所示。
为了评估本文提出方法对故障诊断的有效性和准确性,实验在Windows 10系统下进行,处理器为i9⁃9900K,GPU为RTX 2070 SUPER,利用Pycharm平台,编程语言为Python,深度学习框架为Tensorflow29。本文实验以滚动轴承为对象,采用来自美国凯斯西储大学(CWRU)的轴承数据30和东南大学变速箱数据集中的轴承数据31进行实验验证与分析。
本文选取了凯斯西储大学(CWRU)滚动轴承数据中心的公开数据集验证本文方法的可行性,CWRU实验台由电机、扭矩传感器和测功器组成。测试的故障轴承是型号为SKF 6205的电机驱动端轴承,采用电火花方法在内圈、滚动体和外圈的表面上加工出损伤直径为0.1778,0.3556,0.5334和0.7112 mm的单点凹槽,以模拟滚动轴承在实际运行中的磨损情况。本实验采样频率为12 kHz,分别采集转速为1797,1772,1750和1730 r/min时,对应负载为0,1,2和3 hp(约为0,0.75,1.49和2.24 kW)状态下的加速度数据集,并将其标记为数据集A、数据集B、数据集C和数据集D。将采集到的数据按照不同位置和不同损伤度划分为16种状态标签,且每种状态标签中的样本数量大致相同。在每个数据集中单次选取8000个样本,按照3∶1的比例划分训练样本和测试样本,每段的采样点数设置为784个,每一训练批次大小为100。训练集和测试集如表1所示。
实验台采集的轴承数据为一维时间序列,为了适应改进卷积胶囊网络模型输入数据格式,有效地进行卷积和下采样操作,根据如图6所示的重构方式,本文对长度为784的一维数据进行提取。首先,将时间序列样本等分为28段,每段包含28个数据点;然后,将这28段数据堆叠在一起,获得一个(28,28)的二维特征灰度图。
为了加快网络模型训练速度,让数据便于计算、获得更加泛化的结果,对输入数据做标准化处理,有效消除变量量纲和变异范围的影响,其表达式为:
式中  为输入数据,为数据中的最小值,为数据中的最大值。
网络结构越深,特征提取能力就越强,但是网络层数越多,越容易产生梯度爆炸等问题。滚动轴承的故障数据为一维时间序列,在转化成二维特征图像输入时,有效特征不是足够多,所以提出方法时要考虑提升网络的计算效率。在使用多尺度特征提取时,用非对称卷积核替代传统对称卷积核,这样可以在同样的感受野下,减少模型计算的参数量,加快模型的计算效率。在通道注意力机制后,需要构建胶囊单元,表2中胶囊单元的输出尺寸表示为6×(8),即特征层的宽度为6且每一个向量的维度为8。在胶囊层中通过动态路由将之前卷积输出的特征标量变为特征矢量,在胶囊层之间进行运算。同理,16×(10)表示16个维度为10的向量,10×(8)表示10个维度为8的向量。
因为胶囊网络的拟合能力较强,所以训练时在胶囊层使用Dropout操作,即对神经元在每次迭代时随机失活,并且失活神经元的权值不再更新,从而降低网络复杂度,防止网络过拟合。本文方法参数设计如表2所示。
为了验证本文方法在变噪声、变负荷和变工况实验中,是否能够获得较高的故障诊断准确率和较好的泛化能力,将本文方法和常见的深度学习方法(CNN,IRB,CapsNet和FD⁃CCN)进行对比。对比模型的网络参数如表3所示,表3中的参数尽量使用与原文献中相同的网络参数。
CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)使用传统的全连接层,为适应时频变换后的数据结构,通过卷积和池化的方式,逐层提取和压缩特征。卷积层的参数构建是为了更好地对比IRB30网络,因为IRB网络同样使用卷积层,有着不错的诊断效果。
IRB(Inception+Residual Block)全局残差网络32在残差网络中添加了注意力机制,并使用了五个残差块来提取特征信息,两个全连接层来逐层进行特征压缩。网络内部参数参照原文献来复现网络,同时使用Inception模块。
FD⁃CCN(Fault Diagnosis⁃Convolution Capsule Network)卷积胶囊网络19用传统卷积层和池化层组合先进行特征提取,并二次使用卷积与池化,再与胶囊层相组合,结合了卷积网络和胶囊网络的各自特点,采用ReLU激活函数,以传统的全连接层来进行特征压缩,也采用原文献中的网络参数,验证本文方法对改进胶囊网络具有明显的提升和优势。
CapsNet(Capsules Network)胶囊网络18先通过一个二维卷积层进行特征提取并作为胶囊层的输入,在初级胶囊层与数字胶囊层之间通过动态路由算法进行特征向量的矢量转化。胶囊网络使用文献[18]中的网络参数,验证了本文方法对原有胶囊网络的改进具有显著效果。
分别使用构建好的数据集B进行实验,样本按3∶1的比例随机划分训练集和测试集。4种方法均采用Adam优化方法,学习率为0.001,衰减率为0.9,训练时单次读入数据量批次大小为100,全部样本迭代批次数设置为50,运行3次取平均结果。表4为在数据集B上的不同方法诊断结果对比。
表4可以看到,改进卷积胶囊网络对训练集的诊断精度有一定提升。这说明改进的卷积胶囊网络相比于其他深度学习方法在数据量更大时,不仅诊断精度优于其他方法,而且在减少特征损失方面也有着不错的表现。
由于在实际中,滚动轴承经常工作在变负荷状态下,所以要求故障诊断方法具有良好的泛化能力。为了验证本文方法在变负荷情况下的诊断性能,网络训练与测试用的数据均为不同负荷下的数据集。以数据集A、数据集B、数据集C和数据集D中的一种依次作为训练样本,另外三种负荷数据集作为测试样本,实验结果如图7所示。
图7可以看到,本文提出的方法在变负荷实验中的诊断准确率均高于其他三种方法,其中以数据集C作为训练样本,数据集A、数据集B和数据集D作为测试样本时,IRB虽然改进了数据池化层、增强了网络特征学习能力,但是诊断准确率不如FD⁃CCN和本文方法,这是由于胶囊网络能保留卷积丢失的特征信息;CapsNet相较于卷积方法的性能有提升,但是因为其单一的卷积层,没有充分提取故障特征信息,提升优势并不是很明显;FD⁃CCN虽然已经有了较明显的提取特征能力的提升,但是在前端卷积层输出特征信息到胶囊层的过程中过度使用池化层,在特征提取过程中过滤了不活跃的特征信息,影响了故障诊断准确率提升。以数据集C为训练集,本文方法对测试集为数据集A、数据集B、数据集D时的故障诊断准确率分别为97.52%,96.41%和98.56%,平均诊断准确率达到97.49%,而FD⁃CCN方法的诊断准确率平均值为92.38%,本文方法相比于FD⁃CCN准确率提升5%左右。
在实际应用中,检测的信号受到强噪声的干扰,为了验证本文方法在故障诊断时的抗强噪声性能,将不同信噪比(SNR)的高斯白噪声添加在测试数据集中。信噪比是评价信号中所含噪声的重要指标,其表达式为:
式中  为信号有效功率;为噪声功率。
本文方法以滚动轴承数据集C作为训练样本,并且在数据集C的测试样本中加入信噪比分别为 -3,3,6和9 dB的高斯白噪声。给原始信号加入噪声以后,原始信号的特征就被强噪声所淹没,如图8所示。人眼已无法清晰地区分强噪声信号故障是否与原始信号故障属于相同故障。将最终得到的实验结果与CNN,IRB,CapsNet和FD⁃CCN方法的诊断结果进行对比分析,实验结果如表5所示。
表5的数据对比可知,在不同信噪比的实验结果中,FD⁃CCN和CapsNet相比CNN和IRB有着明显的诊断优势,在信噪比为-3 dB的噪声下达到95%左右的诊断准确率,相比于IRB和CNN提升了5%以上;在信噪比为-3 dB时,本文方法比CapsNet的故障诊断准确率提升了2.98%,相比FD⁃CCN的诊断准确率提升了1.27%。本文方法在数据池化层采用多尺度非对称卷积,最大限度地提取了故障数据中的信息,在6 dB以上的噪声下故障诊断准确率达99%以上,相比于其他4种方法其抗噪性能更好。
图9是本文方法在不同信噪比下的故障诊断结果,可以直观得到,在-3 dB的强噪声环境下,测试集的诊断准确率达到95%以上。
在实际工程应用中,由于轴承的工作环境复杂,振动信号可能同时受到强噪声和负荷变化的影响。在变噪声和变负荷的单工况故障诊断实验中,本文提出的方法均取得了良好的诊断效果,为了验证本文方法在噪声环境下,且负荷在变化时的诊断性能,以数据集A作为训练样本,数据集B、数据集C和数据集D作为测试样本并且向测试样本中分别添加-3,3,6和9 dB的高斯白噪声,与CNN,IRB,CapsNet和FD⁃CCN模型的诊断结果进行对比分析,结果如表6所示。
表6可知,本文方法在不同信噪比和变负荷的环境下,其故障识别准确率都优于IRB,CapsNet和FD⁃CCN。以数据集B为测试样本时,随着信噪比的减小,FD⁃CCN的诊断准确率从97.41%降到了85.96%,而本文方法从99.11%降到了90.37%,诊断准确率仍在90%以上,说明本文方法拥有更好的泛化能力。
为了验证本文所提方法在其他类型轴承应用的可行性,采用来自东南大学变速箱数据集中的轴承数据进行实验验证31,该数据从传动系统动力学模拟器(DDS)上获取,DDS由电机、行星齿轮箱、并联齿轮箱和制动器构成。在实验中,分别在两种运行条件下(20 Hz,0 V和30 Hz,2 V)对齿轮和轴承的故障进行诊断实验,其中轴承状态包括正常、外圈裂缝故障、内圈裂缝故障、滚动体裂缝故障和内外圈裂缝联合故障。DDS实验台表面采用7个608A11振动传感器,其频率范围为0.5~10 Hz,测量范围为±50g,测量精度为100 mV/g。测量了齿轮箱xyz三个方向的振动信号,并采用紧凑型光谱板数据采集仪(最多20个通道)进行数据采集,采样频率为1024 Hz,采样窗口为512 s33。本文在每种故障中随机选取800个样本,按照3∶1的比例划分训练集和测试集,如表7所示。
(1)变负荷故障诊断
该实验转速⁃负载分别设置为20 Hz⁃0 V和30 Hz⁃2 V,以轴承5种故障类型为基础,构建10个实验数据集。读入数据共计批次大小为100,设置迭代批次为50,将全部样本运行3次并取平均结果。将实验结果与CNN,IRB,CapsNet和FD⁃CCN方法作比较,结果如表8所示。
表8可知,在变负荷环境下,本文所提方法的故障诊断准确率相比其他4种方法有显著提升。这是由于本文方法设计了改进后的多尺度非对称卷积模块进行特征提取,能够充分提取故障数据中的信息,提取的特征进入胶囊网络,胶囊网络可以更充分地提取并保存数据中的特征信息,从而使故障诊断准确率得到显著的提升。
为进一步观察本文所提方法对故障误判的情况,对测试结果做了混淆矩阵实验,结果如图10所示,图中横坐标为预测标签的诊断状态,纵坐标为真实标签的实际状态。
图10(a)可看出,FD⁃CCN方法对于轴承滚动体故障的诊断准确率仅为98.29%,因为FD⁃CCN使用了两次池化操作,在特征提取过程中损失了一些细节特征。这导致两种故障的诊断准确率分别为0.96与0.97,对整个故障诊断造成了影响。而从图10(b)可看出,本文方法对各个故障状态均有较高的诊断准确率,其整体诊断准确率达99.81%,这说明本文方法相比于FD⁃CCN拥有更佳的诊断性能,能够更充分地提取故障特征信息。也验证了本文所提出的故障诊断方法应用在其他种类轴承数据集的可行性和泛化能力。
(2)变噪声故障诊断
在变速箱数据集上依旧采用和CWRU轴承数据集一样的处理方式,分别加入信噪比为-3,3,6和9 dB的高斯白噪声,具体结果如表9所示。
表9可知,在-3 dB的强噪声环境下,本文方法相比传统的CapsNet故障诊断准确率提升了2.42%,相比FD⁃CCN提升了0.65%。这说明本文方法依旧保持着良好的特征提取性能,且本文方法在轴承故障诊断的抗噪方面有着不错的表现。
计算成本是评价深度学习方法性能的重要指标。本文方法和各对比方法的参数量如表10所示。传统CNN和IRB方法的参数量虽然明显小于胶囊相关方法,但是它们的故障诊断准确率也是最低的。本文方法相比传统CapsNet的参数量显著减少,尽管比FD⁃CCN的参数量要多,但是本文方法在变速箱数据集变负荷实验中每批次平均耗时最短,诊断结果更优。这是因为参数量相同时,非对称卷积比对称卷积计算效率更高。同时由于本文方法在胶囊网络前未使用池化操作过滤部分特征信息,能够充分提取故障特征信息,所以具有良好的鲁棒性。
本文提出了一种改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法。该方法将一维时域信号转为二维图像数据作为网络输入,通过大量的数据学习,能够自适应地提取轴承故障特征,而无需对原始数据进行过多的人工预处理,通过将多尺度非对称卷积与通道注意力模块结合,并且改进胶囊网络中的胶囊全连接层,起到抗噪和改善特征提取能力的作用,使得本文方法的稳定性和泛化能力更好。实验结果表明,相比于传统卷积神经网络、全局残差网络和双卷积胶囊神经网络,本文方法可以实现更高的诊断准确率和更好的泛化能力。未来在强噪声环境影响下,需要对本文方法进一步优化,改善网络参数选择的稳定性和通用性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61763029)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(62163023)
  • 甘肃省科技计划资助项目(21YF5GA072)
  • 甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-02)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张妮, 车立志, 吴小进. 基于数据驱动的故障诊断技术研究现状及展望[J]. 计算机科学201744(6A): 47-52.
Zhang NChe L ZWu X J. Present situation and prospects of data-driven based fault diagnosis technique[J]. Computer Science201744(6A): 47-52.
[2]
Lu CWang Z YQin W L, et al. Fault diagnosis of rotary machinery components using a stacked denoising autoencoder-based health state identification[J]. Signal Processing2017130: 377-388.
[3]
刘强, 柴天佑, 赵立杰. 基于数据和知识的工业过程监视及故障诊断综述[J]. 控制与决策201025(6): 801-807.
Liu QChai T YZhao L J. Progress of data-driven and knowledge-driven process monitoring and fault diagnosis for industry process[J]. Control and Decision201025(6): 801-807.
[4]
卢文涛. 基于胶囊网络模型过程故障识别的应用与研究[D]. 南昌: 华东交通大学, 2020.
Lu Wentao. Application and research of process fault identification based on CapsNet Model[D]. Nanchang: East China Jiaotong University, 2020.
[5]
Muralidharan VSugumaran V. A comparative study of Naïve Bayes classifier and Bayes net classifier for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using wavelet analysis[J]. Applied Soft Computing201212(8): 2023-2029.
[6]
Yang YYu DCheng J. A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM[J]. Measurement200740(9-10): 943-950.
[7]
贺岩松, 黄毅, 徐中明, 等. 基于小波奇异熵与SOFM神经网络的电机轴承故障识别[J]. 振动与冲击201736(10): 217-223.
He Y SHuang YXu Z M, et al. Motor bearing fault identification based on wavelet singular entropy and SOFM neural network[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock201736(10): 217-223.
[8]
Verstraete DFerrada ADrognett E L, et al. Deep learning enabled fault diagnosis using time-frequency image analysis of rolling element bearings[J]. Shock & Vibration20172017: 1-17.
[9]
He ZShao HDing Z, et al. Modified deep autoencoder driven by multisource parameters for fault transfer prognosis of aeroengine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics202169(1): 845-855.
[10]
胡越, 罗东阳, 花奎, 等. 关于深度学习的综述与讨论[J]. 智能系统学报201914(1): 1-19.
Hu YLuo D YHua K, et al. Overview on deep learning[J]. Journal of Intelligent Systems201914(1): 1-19.
[11]
邵海东, 张笑阳, 程军圣, 等. 基于提升深度迁移自动编码器的轴承智能故障诊断[J]. 机械工程学报202056(9): 84-90.
Shao H DZhang X YCheng J S, et al. Intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings using enhanced deep transfer auto-encoder[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering202056(9): 84-90.
[12]
曲建岭, 余路, 袁涛, 等. 基于一维卷积神经网络的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断算法[J]. 仪器仪表学报201839(7): 134-143.
Qu J LYu LYuan T, et al. Adaptive fault diagnosis algorithm for rolling bearings based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument201839(7): 134-143.
[13]
Gan MWang CZhu C. Construction of hierarchical diagnosis network based on deep learning and its application in the fault pattern recognition of rolling element bearings[J]. Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing201672-73: 92-104.
[14]
Sun WShao SZhao R, et al. A sparse auto-encoder-based deep neural network approach for induction motor faults classification[J]. Measurement201689: 171-178.
[15]
张西宁, 向宙, 唐春华. 一种深度卷积自编码网络及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用[J]. 西安交通大学学报201852(7): 1-8.
Zhang X NXiang ZTang C H. A deep convolutional auto-encoding neural network and its application in bearing fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University201852(7): 1-8.
[16]
Laha S K. Enhancement of fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using maximum kurtosis fast nonlocal means denoising[J]. Measurement2017100: 157-163.
[17]
Shao HLi WXia M, et al. Fault diagnosis of a rotor-bearing system under variable rotating speeds using two-stage parameter transfer and infrared thermal images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement202170: 3524711.
[18]
Sabour SFrosst NHinton G E. Dynamic routing between capsules[C]//Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Long Beach, CA, USA, 2017: 3859-3869.
[19]
杨平, 苏燕辰, 张振. 基于卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断研究[J]. 振动与冲击202039(4): 55-62.
Yang PSu Y CZhang Z. A study on rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on convolutional capsule network[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock202039(4): 55-62.
[20]
Chen Y. Convolutional neural network for sentence classification[D]. Waterloo: University of Waterloo, 2015.
[21]
Szegedy CIoffe SVanhoucke V, et al. Inception-v4, inception-ResNet and the impact of residual connections on learning[C]//Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Palo Alto, CA, USA, 2017: 4278-4284.
[22]
Bahdanau DCho K HBengio Y. Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate[C]//3rd International Conference on Learning Representations. San Diego, United States , 2015: 1-15.
[23]
Hu JShen LSun G, et al. Squeeze-and-excitation networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence202042(8): 2011-2023.
[24]
Szegedy CVanhoucke VIoffe S, et al. Rethinking the Inception architecture for computer vision[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2016: 2818-2826.
[25]
王贺兵, 张春梅. 基于非对称卷积-压缩激发-次代残差网络的人脸关键点检测[J]. 计算机应用202141(9): 2741-2747.
Wang H BZhang C M. Facial detection based on ResNet with asymmetric convolution and squeeze excitation[J]. Journal of Computer Applications202141(9): 2741-2747.
[26]
杨宏业. 卷积神经网络的多光谱遥感图像超分辨率重建[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2020.
Yang Hongye. Multispectral remote sensing images super-resolution based on convolutional neural network[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2020.
[27]
王婷.基于LSTM深度网络的电力负荷预测[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2020.
Wang Ting. Power load forecasting based on LSTM deep network[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2020.
[28]
Zhao WYe JYang M, et al. Investigating capsule networks with dynamic routing for text classification[C]//2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Brussels, Belgium, 2018: 3110-3119.
[29]
Abadi MAgarwal ABarham P,et al. Tensorflow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems[J]. arXiv:2016.
[30]
袁壮, 董瑞, 张来斌, 等. 深度领域自适应及其在跨工况故障诊断中的应用[J]. 振动与冲击202039(12): 281-288.
Yuan ZDong RZhang L B, et al. Deep domain adaptation and its application in fault diagnosis across working conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock202039(12): 281-288.
[31]
Shao SMcAleer SYan R, et al. Highly accurate machine fault diagnosis using deep transfer learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics201915(4): 2446-2455.
[32]
赵小强, 梁浩鹏. 使用改进残差神经网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法[J]. 西安交通大学学报202054(9): 23-31.
Zhao X QLiang H P. Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing under variable condition using improved residual neural network[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University202054(9): 23-31.
[33]
Zhao RWang DYan R, et al. Machine health monitoring using local feature-based gated recurrent unit networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics201865(2): 1539-1548.
2024年第37卷第5期
PDF下载
71
33
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017
  • 接收时间:2022-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-18
  • 修回日期:2022-08-19
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61763029)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62163023)
甘肃省科技计划资助项目(21YF5GA072)
甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-02)
作者信息
    1兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050
    2甘肃省工业过程先进控制重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050
    3兰州理工大学国家级电气与控制工程实验室教学中心, 甘肃兰州 730050
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2024.05.017
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏