Article(id=1227591813574361673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694880000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-17, revisedDate=1709827200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610295909, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610295909, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610295909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610295909, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591806980915649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='9', pageStart='1935', pageEnd='2204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610294337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610356968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2033, endPage=2043, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591814065095260, articleId=1227591813574361673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Amplitude-frequency characteristics and diversity of periodic motions of fractional-order nonlinear vibration isolation system with constant excitation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fractional nonlinear Zener model is used to describe the nonlinear and viscoelastic constitutive relation of the vibration isolation system. The variation law of system amplitude-frequency response and backbone under the combined action of constant excitation and harmonic excitation is discussed, and the influence of constant excitation on the dynamic behavior of vibration isolation system is discussed significantly. The fractional-order derivative term is made equivalent to a term in the form of trigonometric function, the steady-state response of the system is solved by harmonic balance method, and the results are compared with a variety of other methods. The influences of different parameters on the coexistence frequency band range of the amplitude-frequency response multi-state solution are summarized, and the dynamic behaviors of the system under the combined excitation are obtained by using numerically simulation. The results show that there are five solutions co-existence region in the amplitude-frequency response solution under the combined effect of constant excitation and harmonic excitation, and the system shows a phenomenon of coexistence of softening characteristic and hardening characteristic, and the backbone of the amplitude-frequency curve is tilted firstly to the left and then to the right. Additionally, it is found that the periodic motion and chaos coexist in the system under the combined excitation, and the transition laws of the polymorphic coexistence region and its adjacent regions are summarized explicitly. Affected by constant excitation, the diversity of periodic motion of the system under the combined excitation is significantly different from the dynamic behavior under the action of simple harmonic excitation alone, and the transition rules of periodic motion of the system under the action of combined excitation are summarized based on the Lyapunov exponent.

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针对具有非线性和黏弹性的隔振系统,采用分数阶非线性Zener模型对其本构关系进行表征,探究常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下系统骨架线及幅频响应的变化规律,重点分析常数激励对隔振系统动力学行为的影响。将分数阶项等效成三角函数的形式,采用谐波平衡法求解系统稳态响应,并结合多种数值方法对解析结果进行比较,总结了不同参数对幅频响应多态解共存频带范围的影响规律,数值模拟系统在联合激励作用下的动力学行为。研究结果表明,系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下幅频响应解存在五解共存区,系统出现软、硬特性共存现象,骨架线先向左侧倾斜后向右侧倾斜,也出现多解共存现象。数值模拟过程中还发现,联合激励作用下系统周期运动和混沌转迁过程存在多种分岔类型。受常数激励影响,系统在联合激励作用下的周期运动多样性与系统仅在简谐激励单独作用下的动力学行为有明显差异,并结合Lyapunov指数总结了联合激励作用下系统周期运动的转迁规律。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李杰(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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屈鸣鹤(1997—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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屈鸣鹤(1997—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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屈鸣鹤(1997—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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含常数激励的分数阶非线性隔振系统幅频特性及周期运动多样性研究
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屈鸣鹤 1 , 丁旺才 2 , 谭亦秋 1 , 周丹峰 1 , 王连春 1 , 李杰 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(9): 2033-2043
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(9): 2033-2043
含常数激励的分数阶非线性隔振系统幅频特性及周期运动多样性研究
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屈鸣鹤1 , 丁旺才2, 谭亦秋1, 周丹峰1, 王连春1, 李杰1
作者信息
  • 1.国防科技大学智能科学学院,湖南 长沙 410073
  • 2.兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 屈鸣鹤(1997—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李杰(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Amplitude-frequency characteristics and diversity of periodic motions of fractional-order nonlinear vibration isolation system with constant excitation
Minghe QU1 , Wangcai DING2, Yiqiu TAN1, Danfeng ZHOU1, Lianchun WANG1, Jie LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • 2.School of Mechatronic Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309052
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针对具有非线性和黏弹性的隔振系统,采用分数阶非线性Zener模型对其本构关系进行表征,探究常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下系统骨架线及幅频响应的变化规律,重点分析常数激励对隔振系统动力学行为的影响。将分数阶项等效成三角函数的形式,采用谐波平衡法求解系统稳态响应,并结合多种数值方法对解析结果进行比较,总结了不同参数对幅频响应多态解共存频带范围的影响规律,数值模拟系统在联合激励作用下的动力学行为。研究结果表明,系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下幅频响应解存在五解共存区,系统出现软、硬特性共存现象,骨架线先向左侧倾斜后向右侧倾斜,也出现多解共存现象。数值模拟过程中还发现,联合激励作用下系统周期运动和混沌转迁过程存在多种分岔类型。受常数激励影响,系统在联合激励作用下的周期运动多样性与系统仅在简谐激励单独作用下的动力学行为有明显差异,并结合Lyapunov指数总结了联合激励作用下系统周期运动的转迁规律。

分数阶微分  /  非线性Zener模型  /  常数激励  /  转迁规律

The fractional nonlinear Zener model is used to describe the nonlinear and viscoelastic constitutive relation of the vibration isolation system. The variation law of system amplitude-frequency response and backbone under the combined action of constant excitation and harmonic excitation is discussed, and the influence of constant excitation on the dynamic behavior of vibration isolation system is discussed significantly. The fractional-order derivative term is made equivalent to a term in the form of trigonometric function, the steady-state response of the system is solved by harmonic balance method, and the results are compared with a variety of other methods. The influences of different parameters on the coexistence frequency band range of the amplitude-frequency response multi-state solution are summarized, and the dynamic behaviors of the system under the combined excitation are obtained by using numerically simulation. The results show that there are five solutions co-existence region in the amplitude-frequency response solution under the combined effect of constant excitation and harmonic excitation, and the system shows a phenomenon of coexistence of softening characteristic and hardening characteristic, and the backbone of the amplitude-frequency curve is tilted firstly to the left and then to the right. Additionally, it is found that the periodic motion and chaos coexist in the system under the combined excitation, and the transition laws of the polymorphic coexistence region and its adjacent regions are summarized explicitly. Affected by constant excitation, the diversity of periodic motion of the system under the combined excitation is significantly different from the dynamic behavior under the action of simple harmonic excitation alone, and the transition rules of periodic motion of the system under the action of combined excitation are summarized based on the Lyapunov exponent.

fractional-order derivative  /  nonlinear Zener model  /  constant excitation  /  transition law
屈鸣鹤, 丁旺才, 谭亦秋, 周丹峰, 王连春, 李杰. 含常数激励的分数阶非线性隔振系统幅频特性及周期运动多样性研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2033 -2043 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309052
Minghe QU, Wangcai DING, Yiqiu TAN, Danfeng ZHOU, Lianchun WANG, Jie LI. Amplitude-frequency characteristics and diversity of periodic motions of fractional-order nonlinear vibration isolation system with constant excitation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2033 -2043 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309052
黏弹性材料被广泛应用于航空器的辅助动力装置隔振器、轨道车辆二系悬挂的橡胶堆、汽车底盘中的悬架缓冲块等。橡胶由于其特殊结构可以表现出黏弹性而被广泛应用,但只有变形较小时才可近似看作线性弹性材料,超出这个范围表现为非线性弹性[1-4]。为准确描述橡胶材料力学特性,刘海平等[3]提出用整数阶Zener模型来描述材料的松弛和蠕变特性,然而整数阶模型无法描述材料的频率相关性。随着分数阶微积分的发展,常宇健等[5]提出一种含有分数阶微分的金属橡胶黏弹性本构模型,建立了分数阶非线性动力学模型,试验验证了分数阶模型的准确性,结果表明分数阶模型不仅可以描述黏弹性材料的本构关系,还可以描述黏弹性材料的频率相关性[5-7]。针对隔振系统的强非线性,秦浩等[8]比较了Caputo定义下的分数阶Duffing振子解析解和数值解,验证了分数阶项化简为一阶三角函数形式的系统产生分岔和混沌的必要条件。孔凡等[9]采用谐波平衡法研究了简谐激励下同时具有滞回特性和分数阶阻尼单元系统的稳态响应,结合不同方法求解系统的迟滞回线,并发现谐波平衡法与逐步积分法得到的相关结果吻合较好。ZHANG等[10]采用高次谐波平衡法求解了含负刚度几何非线性系统的动力学响应,并对其隔振性能进行了深入分析。余慧杰等[11]通过三次非线性函数描述金属橡胶的非线性特性,用分数阶模型描述材料黏弹性,所建立的分数阶非线性模型可以更加准确地描述橡胶材料的动态特性。
在非线性振动中存在多种激励形式,针对不同类型的联合激励形式,孔凡等[12-13]提出一种用于求解确定性周期与非平稳随机激励联合作用下单自由度非线性系统非平稳响应的统计线性化方法,随后又提出一种计算确定性和随机激励联合作用下含分数阶阻尼的非线性系统稳态响应的半解析方法。季颖等[14]讨论了参外联合激励复合非线性振子的动力学行为,探讨了振子在不同条件下发生同宿、异宿分岔的必要条件。CAI等[15]研究了范德波尔(VDP)振荡器在多源简谐激励联合作用下的动力学行为。张晓芳等[16]探讨了参外联合激励下一类混沌系统的动力学机理,发现引入参外联合激励频率远小于固有频率时系统会出现簇发振荡等特殊行为。
常数激励是普遍存在于实际工程中的一种力的作用形式,如用于飞行器发动机转子的机动附加载荷、含轴承转子元件系统的径向载荷以及机械系统运行无法忽略的重力等,在动力学建模中都可等效为常数激励的形式,其中为改善转子轴承的隔振性能,水润滑橡胶轴承被广泛应用于大型船舶的动力推进系统[17]。为进一步探讨橡胶隔振系统在常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下的动力学响应,罗钢等[18]针对含常数激励的非对称Duffing系统开展了鞍结分岔特性研究,探讨了常数激励变化对系统软、硬特性的变化规律。HOU等[19-20]初步揭示了常数激励对Duffing系统基本动力学性质的影响规律。在简谐激励作用下,非线性系统存在周期运动多样性,运动转迁过程更加复杂,甚至存在多态共存现象。刘晓君等[21]对非自治分数阶Duffing系统的激变现象进行了研究。SHEN等[22]研究了单自由度分数阶非线性隔振系统参数对幅频特性的影响规律。此外还有大量文献总结了分数阶非线性系统在简谐激励下的周期运动转迁规律[23-26]。但针对分数阶非线性隔振系统在常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下的周期运动多样性及转迁规律有待进一步揭示。
为进一步揭示分数阶非线性隔振系统在常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下的动力学响应,本文采用分数阶非线性Zener模型描述黏弹性材料的本构关系,探讨隔振系统在联合作用下的动力学响应。首先求解分数阶微分项在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下的一阶近似解;其次采用谐波平衡法求解系统的稳态响应,数值仿真系统的动力学性能,并对近似解析结果进行比较,探讨参数对幅频响应多解共存频带变化的影响规律;最后通过分别数值仿真分数阶非线性隔振系统在简谐激励和常数激励两种不同类型激励形式下的周期运动多样性,比较系统动力学响应的差异,并结合Lyapunov指数总结周期运动与混沌转迁规律。
采用分数阶非线性Zener模型描述黏弹性材料力学特性,如图1所示。图中,M为系统的质量;F为简谐激励幅值;Ω为简谐激励频率;T为时间;F0为常数激励幅值;X1为质量块的位移;X2为节点的位移;C为黏性阻尼系数;FK为三次非线性弹性恢复力;K1为线性弹性恢复力刚度系数;K2为线性弹簧刚度系数;K3为非线性弹簧刚度系数;D为分数阶微分项;K为分数阶项的系数。
根据牛顿第二定律可得系统的动力学方程为:
{MX¨1+K1(X1X2)+FK+KDTp[X1(T)]=F0+Fcos(ΩT)CX˙2K1(X1X2)=0
式中,DTp[X1(T)]为分数阶微分项,是X1(T)关于时间Tp阶导数0p1
引入无量纲参数Fs,进行如下变量代换:
xi=K1FsXit=TK1Mω=ΩMK1ξ=C2K1Mμk=K2K1f=FFsf0=F0Fsε=K3K13Fs2λ=KK1
将上述参数代入式(1)可得:
{x¨1+(1+μk)x1x2+εx13+λDtp[x1(t)]=f0+fcos(ωt)2ξx˙2+x2x1=0
式中,Dtp[x1(t)]为参数变换后的分数阶微分项,是x1(t)关于时间tp阶导数0p1λ为无量纲后分数阶微分项的系数且λ为小量[22]。本文采用Caputo定义:
Dtp[x(t)]=1Γ(1p)0tx(u)(tu)pdu
Γ(y+1)=yΓ(y)
式中,u为积分变量;Γ(n)为Gamma函数,满足式(3b)。
由于式(2)中存在常数激励f0,其振动响应中会产生直流分量,则质量块的一阶近似稳态响应解具有如下形式:
x1=A1cos(ωt)+B1sin(ωt)+A0=A11sin(ωt+θ1)+A0
式中,A11为质量块谐波分量幅值;A0为质量块直流分量;A1为余弦分量幅值;B1为正弦分量幅值;θ1为质量块稳态响应的相位。
根据Caputo定义可直接得到acDtp[A0]=0。将式(4)谐波项代入式(2),并引入文献[27]中的公式:
0tcos(ωs)spds = ωp1Γ(1p)sin(pπ2)
0tsin(ωs)spds = ωp1Γ(1p)cos(pπ2)
式中,s为分数阶积分变量。取分数阶项的一阶近似化简可得:
Dtp[x1(t)]ωp1sin(pπ2)x˙1(t)+ωpcos(pπ2)x1(t)
式(7)所得分数阶项不仅具有阻尼作用也具有刚度作用,且文献[11]通过参数识别验证了分数阶项采用一阶三角函数表示在实际工程应用中的合理性。本文主要研究与隔振系统高次谐波幅值相比基波幅值是小量的情况,进而分数阶化简忽略高阶项,只取一阶近似是合理的。
将分数阶项化简所得一阶三角函数式(7)代入式(2)中,系统的无量纲微分方程变为:
x¨1+(1+μk)x1x2+εx13+αx˙1(t)+βx1(t)=f0+fcos(ωt)
其中:
α=λωp1sin(pπ2)β=λωpcos(pπ2)
系统的等效阻尼系数Ceq和等效线性刚度系数Keq分别为:
Ceq=2ξ+α
Keq=1+μk+β
由式(9)和(10)可知,不同的分数阶系数λ和分数阶阶数p会改变系统的等效线性刚度系数Keq和等效阻尼系数Ceq。为进一步探索分数阶阶数p在不同频率范围内对系统等效刚度系数Keq和等效阻尼系数Ceq的影响,以频率ω = 1为界限探讨分数阶阶数p在不同频率范围内的影响规律。
下面分别对系统的等效线性刚度系数Keq和等效阻尼系数Ceq进行研究。选取系统参数ξ=0μk=1。由图2(a)可知,在频率ω<1的范围内,系统等效刚度系数Keq最大峰值出现在超低频区。由图2(b)可知,在频率ω1的范围内,系统等效刚度系数Keq随分数阶阶数p的增大而增大。
图3(a)可知,在频率ω<1范围内且激励频率ω不变时,等效阻尼系数Ceq随阶数p的增大而减小,其最小值出现在超低频区,分数阶阶数p的数值相对较大。由图3(b)可知,在频率ω1范围内,系统在同时满足较小激励频率和较大分数阶阶数p的条件下出现等效阻尼系数Ceq最小值,而Ceq最大值处于频率ω较高的频带。
综上,不同的分数阶阶数p在不同频带内会影响系统的等效阻尼系数Ceq和等效刚度系数Keq,进而会改变系统的固有频率,影响系统的隔振性能。
采用谐波平衡法求解系统的主共振响应。设节点的一阶近似稳态响应解具有如下形式:
x2=a1cos(ωt)+b1sin(ωt)+a0=a11sin(ωt+φ1)+a0
式中,a11为节点谐波分量幅值;a0为节点直流分量;a1为余弦分量幅值;b1为正弦分量幅值;φ1为节点稳态响应的相位。
将质量块的一阶近似解式(4)和节点的一阶近似解式(11)分别代入式(2)中,可得幅频响应方程组:
{A11=a111+(2ξω)2θ1=φ1+arctan(2ξω)A0=a0
将式(12)代入式(4)中可得到质量块的一阶稳态响应:
x1=a111+(2ξω)2sin[ωt+φ1+arctan(2ξω)]+a0
将式(13)和(11)分别代入式(8)中,可得:
3ψ1(2b1ωξ+a1)ε2b1ω3ξ+(2a1αξa1)ω2+2b1ψ2ω+a1(β+μk)=f
(3ψ1b16ψ1a1ωξ)ε+2a1ω3ξ+(2b1αξb1)ω22ψ2a1ω+b1(β+μk)=0
a0{[6ξ2(a12+b12)ω2+a02+3a122+3b122]ε+β+μk}=f0
其中:
ψ1=ξ2(a12+b12)ω2+a02+a124+b124ψ2=(β+μk+1)ξ+α2
联立式(14)~(16)可求解出节点的一阶近似解的直流分量和谐波响应幅值,再将节点近似解代入式(12)中,可得到质量块的稳态响应解。
随机选取一组系统参数,采用一阶谐波平衡法可得系统的幅频响应解,系统在联合激励作用下的幅频响应解为谐波分量与直流分量之和,其中谐波分量为简谐激励作用下的稳态响应解,直流分量为常数激励作用下的稳态响应解,如图4所示。
采用四阶Runge-Kutta法对系统数值求解,通过动力学仿真软件UM对隔振系统进行虚拟试验仿真,不同方法求解系统动力学响应的结果接近,如图5所示。
通过扫频可得系统幅频响应数值解,且数值解与一阶近似解接近,其中含常数激励的系统幅频曲线存在2个三态解共存频带,幅频曲线骨架线也不仅只向一侧倾斜,而是先向频率减小的方向(左侧)倾斜,后向频率增大的方向(右侧)倾斜,且出现多解共存现象,如图6所示。
对于非线性隔振系统而言,准确预测主共振所在的频带区间是有必要的,下面进一步探讨主共振响应中的非线性现象。
选取基准参数为:λ=0.1ε=0.1f=10f0=50ξ=0.1p=0.5μk=0.1
通过扫频可得到系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下的幅频曲线,如图7所示。幅频曲线存在五解共存区,出现软、硬特性共存现象,而不同参数会改变幅频曲线及骨架线的弯曲程度。
图7(a)可知,在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下,隔振系统幅频曲线随着激励频率ω的增加先向左侧倾斜,后向右侧倾斜,并且在幅频曲线向左侧和右侧倾斜的过程中出现三解共存现象。在幅频曲线倾斜方向发生转换的过程中,甚至还出现五解共存现象,这是由于常数激励作用的影响,幅频曲线出现软、硬特性共存现象。其中ω0ω1左下支曲线为稳定解,ω1ω2左中支曲线为不稳定解,ω2ω3上支曲线为稳定解,ω3ω4右中支曲线为不稳定解,ω4ω5右下支曲线为稳定解。
下面进一步探讨不同参数对主共振幅频特性的影响规律。由图7(b)可知,随着参数μk的增大,主共振峰值下降,主共振频率增大,幅频响应五解共存现象消失,可见增大参数μk可以抑制幅频响应出现五解共存现象。由图7(c)可知,随着参数ξ的增大,主共振峰值先降低后升高,主共振峰值逐渐向高频区转迁,幅频响应始终存在五解共存现象,其中五解共存频带范围先减小后增加,并且频带逐渐向高频区转迁。由图7(d)可知,随着参数ε的增大,主共振的峰值下降,主共振频率增大,五解共存频带范围逐渐增大且频带向高频区转迁。由图7(e)可知,随着参数p的增大,主共振峰值先下降后升高,主共振频率先减小后增大,五解共存频带范围先减小后增大。由图7(f)可知,受常数激励影响出现软、硬特性共存现象,随着参数λ的增大,幅频曲线主共振峰值下降,且共振峰值沿骨架线移动,主共振频率先减小后增大,五解共存现象消失,幅频曲线逐渐向左侧倾斜,仅有软特性共振滞后区。由图7(g)可知,随着参数f的增大,主共振峰值增大,主共振频率增大,而幅频曲线的骨架线没有改变,较大的参数f甚至可以抑制主共振幅频响应五解共存现象出现。由图7(h)可知,随着参数f0的增大,主共振峰值增大,主共振频率增大,当参数f0由10增大至30时,主共振幅频曲线出现2个三解共存频带,当参数f0继续增大至50时,主共振幅频响应存在五解共存频带,出现软、硬特性共存现象,可见较大的参数f0甚至可以激发幅频响应出现多态解共存现象。
选取相位面στ={(x,x˙)R2×S,θmod2π = 0}R2×S表示笛卡尔积空间,θ表示相位)作为Poincaré截面,定相位面Poincaré映射可反映系统运动的状态。在定相位面Poincaré映射上取稳态运动中某一时刻稳态响应一个周期后的时间t0为初始值:X(t0)=X(t+T),其中X为动态平衡条件下系统在相空间中某时刻的状态,且满足X=(x1,x˙1,x2)T。在t0时刻分别对相轨迹的点x~1=x1+Δx1x1~˙=x˙1+Δx˙1x~2=x2+Δx2施加微小的扰动,随着时间的推移,通过数值计算方法可以得到未扰系统和扰动系统两个轨迹之间的分离变化率。一个周期初到周期末的Poincaré映射关系为:X(t0+T)=AX~(t0),其中,A为不动点处的Jacobi矩阵,X~为当前时刻的状态矩阵,X=(x1,x˙1,x2)T,通过QR分解矩阵A的特征值即可求得Floquet乘子的特征值[28]。利用上述方法对图6中幅频曲线上多态解共存边界点的特征值进行求解,Floquet乘子特征值的模接近1,其余特征值的模均小于1,判定系统在跳跃点处发生鞍结分岔。同理,根据未扰系统和扰动系统在一定时间后的分离变化率,可得系统的Lyapunov指数。通过将最大Lyapunov指数与零比较判定系统处于稳定的周期运动状态或混沌运动状态[29]
下面探讨隔振系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下周期运动转迁规律,比较不同类型激励源对系统动力学行为影响的异同。
首先探讨系统仅在简谐激励作用下的动力学特性。为方便描述系统运动规律,定义符号PASi-T,用于描述系统的运动状态,其中,PASi表示系统在第i个位置上的运动轨线,T为系统运动周期状态。选取一组基准参数:μk=0.1f=10ξ=0.2ε=0.5λ=0.01p=0.5,其中常数激励f0=0。多初值扫频可得到系统在周期运动转迁过程中相继出现叉式分岔(PFB)、鞍结分岔(SNB)、倍周期分岔(PDB)、激变分岔(CIC)和边界激变(BC)等多种分岔类型,如图8所示。
扫频过程中系统出现三态共存现象。倒扫频开始时,系统处于PAS2-混沌和PAS1-1共存;随着激励频率的减小,在逆激变分岔(ICIC)诱导下由PAS2-混沌分别进入PAS2-混沌和PAS3-混沌;当激励频率继续减小,在多次逆倍周期分岔(IPDB)诱导下,PAS2-混沌和PAS3-混沌分别进入PAS2-1运动和PAS3-1运动;当激励频率为ω = 1.484,在逆叉式分岔(IPFB)诱导下系统由PAS1-1、PAS2-1和PAS3-1三态共存转变为PAS1-1和PAS2-1共存,如图9(a)所示。
此外,正扫频过程中系统在CIC诱导下进入PAS1-混沌,出现多态共存现象;当激励频率继续增大,在多次IPDB诱导下进入PAS1-1运动;当激励频率为ω = 1.341,在SNB诱导下出现向上跳跃现象;当激励频率继续增大,在IPFB诱导下进入T=1运动状态,系统多态共存现象消失。在倒扫频过程中,系统在PFB诱导下进入PAS2-1运动;当激励频率为ω = 1.319,在SNB诱导下出现向上跳跃现象;当激励频率继续减小,在多次PDB诱导下进入PAS2-混沌,在CIC诱导下多态共存现象消失,如图9(b)所示。
在倒扫频过程中,系统在PFB诱导下会出现多态解共存现象,相轨迹呈现为一对反对称运动,PAS1-1轨线在PAS2-1轨线的上侧;在SNB诱导下系统不仅出现跳跃现象,PAS1-1轨线和PAS2-1轨线的相对位置还发生了互换;在CIC诱导下,混沌吸引子相互结合,多态共存现象消失。系统周期运动多样性以及周期运动与混沌转迁过程相轨迹与Poincaré截面吸引子分布如图10所示。
接着选取常数激励f0=10,进一步探讨系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下的周期运动转迁规律。多初值扫频得到隔振系统在多源激励下的周期运动多样性与周期运动转迁规律,如图11所示。
受常数激励的影响,转迁过程包括多种分岔类型:鞍结分岔(SNB)、倍周期分岔(PDB)和边界激变(BC)。在这些分岔的诱导下周期运动转迁过程中甚至出现混沌,且过程不可逆,但并未出现叉式分岔(PFB)和激变分岔(CIC)。
为进一步探讨联合激励下周期运动转迁规律,数值模拟联合激励作用下的周期运动转迁规律及Lyapunov指数谱(TLE)。
图12(a)所示,当激励频率为ω = 0.9,系统为PAS1-1运动,最大Lyapunov指数小于0;当激励频率为ω = 0.9644,系统在BC诱导下由PAS1-1运动进入PAS1-混沌,最大Lyapunov指数大于0;当激励频率ω继续增大,系统在多次IPDB诱导下由PAS1-混沌进入PAS1-4运动;随着激励频率继续增大,系统先在PDB的诱导下由PAS1-4进入PAS1-8运动,然后在多次IPDB诱导下由PAS1-8进入PAS1-1运动;当激励频率为ω = 1.2168,系统在SNB诱导下出现向下跳跃现象,最大Lyapunov指数接近于0,但运动状态始终保持PAS1-1运动。
图12(b)所示,当激励频率为ω = 1.1715,系统在SNB诱导下发生向上跳跃现象,最大Lyapunov指数接近于0,但始终保持PAS2-1运动;当激励频率继续减小,系统在多次PDB诱导下进入PAS2-混沌,最大Lyapunov指数大于0;当激励频率为ω = 1.1071,系统在BC诱导下由PAS2-混沌进入PAS2-1运动,最大Lyapunov指数小于0;当激励频率继续减小,系统在PDB诱导下进入PAS2-8运动,然后在IPDB诱导下由PAS2-8进入PAS2-4运动,接着在多次PDB诱导下进入PAS2-混沌;当激励频率继续减小,系统在多次IPDB诱导下进入PAS2-1运动;当激励频率为ω = 0.9331,系统在SNB诱导下出现向上跳跃现象,最大Lyapunov指数接近于0,且始终保持PAS2-1运动。
图13(a)所示,当激励频率为ω = 1.4932,系统在BC诱导下由PAS1-1运动进入PAS1-混沌,最大Lyapunov指数大于0;当激励频率增大,系统在多次IPDB诱导下由PAS1-混沌进入PAS1-1运动;当激励频率继续增大,系统在BC诱导下由PAS1-1运动进入PAS1-混沌,并在多次IPDB诱导下进入PAS1-1运动。
图13(b)所示,当激励频率开始减小,系统在多次PDB诱导下由PAS2-1进入PAS2-混沌,最大Lyapunov指数大于0;当激励频率为ω = 1.8432,系统在BC诱导下由PAS2-混沌进入PAS2-1运动;当激励频率继续减小,系统在多次PDB诱导下先进入PAS2-混沌,然后在IPDB的诱导下进入PAS2-4运动,在多次PDB诱导下再次进入PAS2-混沌;当激励频率为ω = 1.454,系统在BC诱导下由PAS2-混沌进入PAS2-3运动;当激励频率继续减小,系统先在多次PDB诱导下进入PAS2-混沌,后经过多次IPDB诱导下进入PAS2-1运动,最大Lyapunov指数小于0;当激励频率为ω = 1.3685,系统在SNB诱导下出现向下跳跃现象,但始终保持PAS2-1运动。
系统在联合激励作用下周期运动与混沌转迁过程的相轨迹与Poincaré截面上的吸引子分布如图14所示。
上述研究可为系统分别在简谐激励作用下、简谐激励和常数激励联合作用下的动力学行为预测提供参考。
(1)分数阶非线性隔振系统在常数激励和简谐激励联合作用下,采用谐波平衡法所得近似解与多种数值方法结果接近,幅频曲线有确定的骨架线。当幅频响应存在五解共存时,幅频曲线及骨架线的形态呈现出先向左侧倾斜后向右侧倾斜的趋势,系统呈现为软硬特性共存,骨架线存在多解共存现象。
(2)不同参数会影响分数阶非线性隔振系统幅频曲线及骨架线的形态,同时会影响主共振软、硬特性滞后区的频带范围。分数阶系数λ会改变幅频曲线多态解共存的频带范围,甚至较大的分数阶系数λ还会抑制幅频曲线向右侧倾斜的趋势,使幅频曲线仅呈现出向左倾斜的情况;随着分数阶阶数p的增大,幅频曲线主共振峰值呈现出先降低后升高的趋势。
(3)隔振系统存在周期运动多样性,在简谐激励作用下系统转迁过程中相继出现PFB、SNB、PDB、CIC和BC等多种分岔类型,多态共存区相轨迹呈现为反对称形状;而系统在常数激励与简谐激励联合作用下转迁过程中相继出现SNB、PDB和BC等多种分岔类型,但并未出现PFB和CIC,多态共存区相轨迹不再呈现反对称形状。系统在多种分岔类型的诱导下甚至会出现混沌,并且周期运动向混沌转迁过程不可逆,Lyapunov指数可判别多态共存区域系统的运动状态。
在实际工程应用中,可根据上述研究内容对不同类型激励作用下的隔振系统进行参数优化设计,避免系统出现多态解共存现象以及分岔和混沌,使系统隔振性能更佳。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52332011)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11962013)
  • 国家重点研发计划子任务资助项目(2016YFB1200601)
  • 湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240124)
  • 设备综合研究项目(4201400013313)
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2025年第38卷第9期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309052
  • 接收时间:2023-09-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-17
  • 修回日期:2024-03-08
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52332011)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(11962013)
国家重点研发计划子任务资助项目(2016YFB1200601)
湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240124)
设备综合研究项目(4201400013313)
作者信息
    1.国防科技大学智能科学学院,湖南 长沙 410073
    2.兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070

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李杰(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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