Article(id=1227591812643226133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308050, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692892800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-25, revisedDate=1699113600000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610295687, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610295687, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610295687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610295687, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591806980915649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='9', pageStart='1935', pageEnd='2204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610294337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610356968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2088, endPage=2097, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591812920050204, articleId=1227591812643226133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Characteristics of internal resonance of the forward and backward modes due to impacts between flexible rotor and stator, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Impacts between the flexible rotor and stator will excite the internal resonance of the forward and backward modes, resulting in asynchronous vibration, i.e, intermittent contact between the rotor and stator. To reveal the internal resonance mechanisms of the forward modes and backward modes, a mathematical model of the rotor system is established, Runge-Kutta numerical solution is used to solve the equation of motion, and the event detection function is used to detect the contact and non-contact motions. Through the coordinate system transformation, the Campbell diagrams of the rotor system under the stationary coordinate system and the rotating coordinate system are obtained, and the internal resonance speeds in the forward modes and backward modes are analyzed. Through the numerically calculated bifurcation diagram, the trajectory and frequency domain characteristics of the rotor when the asynchronous contact motion occurs are analyzed. The results show that the main resonance amplitude jumps at the critical speed, and there are two asynchronous contact response speed ranges. The rotor exhibits a closed continuous precession law in the stationary coordinate system and a periodic motion law in the rotating coordinate system, and there is a frequency doubling relationship in the rotation coordinate system, and the system has 2:1 and 3:1 internal resonance phenomena. The numerical simulation analysis verifies the correctness of the rotating speed predictions corresponding to the internal resonance, and the rotating speeds corresponding to the internal resonance can be predicted by this calculation method to avoid the internal resonance phenomenon caused by asynchronous contact.

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柔性转静子碰撞会激发正向模态和反向模态内共振,造成非同步振动,即转子和静子之间间歇性接触。为了揭示正向模态和反向模态内共振机理,建立转子系统数学模型,采用Runge-Kutta数值求解运动方程,利用事件检测函数检测接触和非接触运动;通过坐标系变换,得到转子系统在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下的坎贝尔图,分析正向模态和反向模态内共振转速;通过数值计算的分岔图,分析非同步接触运动发生时,转子的运动轨迹和频域特征。结果表明:系统在临界转速下出现主共振振幅跳跃现象,且存在两个非同步接触响应转速区间。转子在静止坐标系下表现出封闭的连续进动规律,在旋转坐标系下具有周期性运动规律,且在旋转坐标系下频率存在倍频关系,系统存在2:1和3:1内共振现象。数值仿真分析验证了内共振对应的转速预测的正确性,通过该计算方法可以预测内共振出现的转速,避免因跳跃性接触引发的内共振现象。

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王海飞(1986—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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Calculation parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
圆盘1的直径d1/mm46
圆盘2的直径d2/mm46
圆盘1的厚度v1/mm19
圆盘2的厚度v2/mm19
圆盘1的质量M1/kg0.28
圆盘2的质量M2/kg0.42
圆盘1的偏心量ε1/mm2
圆盘2的偏心量ε2/mm3
转子1的长度L1/mm333
转子2的长度L2/mm257
缓冲环中心到圆盘2几何中心的长度a/mm84
电机到圆盘1几何中心的长度b/mm166.5
缓冲环的静子径向间隙c/mm10
静子的刚度ks/(N·m−1)200
重力加速度g/(m·s−2)9.81
螺旋联轴器1的角刚度kr1/[N·m·(°)−1]6.0
螺旋联轴器2的角刚度kr2/[N·m·(°)−1]6.0
螺旋联轴器1的模态阻尼比ζ10.02
螺旋联轴器2的模态阻尼比ζ20.02
), ArticleFig(id=1227653078669783958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591812643226133, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
圆盘1的直径d1/mm46
圆盘2的直径d2/mm46
圆盘1的厚度v1/mm19
圆盘2的厚度v2/mm19
圆盘1的质量M1/kg0.28
圆盘2的质量M2/kg0.42
圆盘1的偏心量ε1/mm2
圆盘2的偏心量ε2/mm3
转子1的长度L1/mm333
转子2的长度L2/mm257
缓冲环中心到圆盘2几何中心的长度a/mm84
电机到圆盘1几何中心的长度b/mm166.5
缓冲环的静子径向间隙c/mm10
静子的刚度ks/(N·m−1)200
重力加速度g/(m·s−2)9.81
螺旋联轴器1的角刚度kr1/[N·m·(°)−1]6.0
螺旋联轴器2的角刚度kr2/[N·m·(°)−1]6.0
螺旋联轴器1的模态阻尼比ζ10.02
螺旋联轴器2的模态阻尼比ζ20.02
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柔性转静子碰撞正反向模态内共振特性研究
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王海飞 1 , 闫利士 1 , 张陆斌 1 , 区梓键 1 , 周天 2 , 陈果 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(9): 2088-2097
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(9): 2088-2097
柔性转静子碰撞正反向模态内共振特性研究
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王海飞1 , 闫利士1, 张陆斌1, 区梓键1, 周天2, 陈果1
作者信息
  • 1.南京航空航天大学通用航空与飞行学院安全工程系,江苏 溧阳 213300
  • 2.南京航空航天大学公共实验教学部工程训练中心,江苏 溧阳 213300

通讯作者:

王海飞(1986—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Characteristics of internal resonance of the forward and backward modes due to impacts between flexible rotor and stator
Haifei WANG1 , Lishi YAN1, Lubin ZHANG1, Zijian OU1, Tian ZHOU2, Guo CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Safety Engineering, College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Liyang 213300, China
  • 2.Engineering Training Center, Department of Public Experimental Teaching, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Liyang 213300, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308050
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柔性转静子碰撞会激发正向模态和反向模态内共振,造成非同步振动,即转子和静子之间间歇性接触。为了揭示正向模态和反向模态内共振机理,建立转子系统数学模型,采用Runge-Kutta数值求解运动方程,利用事件检测函数检测接触和非接触运动;通过坐标系变换,得到转子系统在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下的坎贝尔图,分析正向模态和反向模态内共振转速;通过数值计算的分岔图,分析非同步接触运动发生时,转子的运动轨迹和频域特征。结果表明:系统在临界转速下出现主共振振幅跳跃现象,且存在两个非同步接触响应转速区间。转子在静止坐标系下表现出封闭的连续进动规律,在旋转坐标系下具有周期性运动规律,且在旋转坐标系下频率存在倍频关系,系统存在2:1和3:1内共振现象。数值仿真分析验证了内共振对应的转速预测的正确性,通过该计算方法可以预测内共振出现的转速,避免因跳跃性接触引发的内共振现象。

柔性转静子  /  正反向模态内共振  /  坎贝尔图  /  径向间隙  /  分岔图  /  非同步接触运动

Impacts between the flexible rotor and stator will excite the internal resonance of the forward and backward modes, resulting in asynchronous vibration, i.e, intermittent contact between the rotor and stator. To reveal the internal resonance mechanisms of the forward modes and backward modes, a mathematical model of the rotor system is established, Runge-Kutta numerical solution is used to solve the equation of motion, and the event detection function is used to detect the contact and non-contact motions. Through the coordinate system transformation, the Campbell diagrams of the rotor system under the stationary coordinate system and the rotating coordinate system are obtained, and the internal resonance speeds in the forward modes and backward modes are analyzed. Through the numerically calculated bifurcation diagram, the trajectory and frequency domain characteristics of the rotor when the asynchronous contact motion occurs are analyzed. The results show that the main resonance amplitude jumps at the critical speed, and there are two asynchronous contact response speed ranges. The rotor exhibits a closed continuous precession law in the stationary coordinate system and a periodic motion law in the rotating coordinate system, and there is a frequency doubling relationship in the rotation coordinate system, and the system has 2:1 and 3:1 internal resonance phenomena. The numerical simulation analysis verifies the correctness of the rotating speed predictions corresponding to the internal resonance, and the rotating speeds corresponding to the internal resonance can be predicted by this calculation method to avoid the internal resonance phenomenon caused by asynchronous contact.

flexible rotor and stator  /  internal resonance of the forward and backward modes  /  Campbell diagram  /  radial clearance  /  bifurcation diagram  /  asynchronous contact motion
王海飞, 闫利士, 张陆斌, 区梓键, 周天, 陈果. 柔性转静子碰撞正反向模态内共振特性研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2088 -2097 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308050
Haifei WANG, Lishi YAN, Lubin ZHANG, Zijian OU, Tian ZHOU, Guo CHEN. Characteristics of internal resonance of the forward and backward modes due to impacts between flexible rotor and stator[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2088 -2097 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308050
在工业应用中,如石油钻井、飞机发动机和直升机发动机,零件制造或装配误差,会使转子质量不平衡或产生较大的横向位移,进而引发轴承不对中,使得转子承受较大的冲击力或摩擦力,导致转子系统损坏或失效,转子系统表现出复杂的非线性行为。
在转子系统中,几何非线性较为常见。ŁUCZKO[1]建立了一种具有内共振和自激振动的旋转轴几何非线性模型,该模型能对系统运动方程进行预测,并且易应用于数值分析。GREEN等[2]和RODRIGUES等[3]对偏心转子自动动平衡机构动力学进行了非线性分岔分析,阐述了其剧烈的几何非线性行为。VAN DE WOUW等[4]通过数值和实验分析,研究了在转子动力学实验装置中,摩擦引起的振动和质量不平衡导致的横向振动相互作用,结果表明,较高水平的质量不平衡(通常会增加横向振动)会对扭转动力学产生稳定作用,即摩擦引起的极限循环会消失。 VAN DER HEIJDEN[5-6]研究了从非线性转子动力学导出的模型中共振相互作用下的分岔序列,从动力学系统几何理论的角度考虑转静子接触动力学,指出非线性行为除了存在于平衡转子的基本共振外,也有可能存在于大幅度次谐波旋转极限环中。
转静子接触属于一种典型的几何非线性行为,可以归结为两种:持续摩擦和间歇接触或跳动。YANG等[7]通过理论分析与实验研究,对定点摩擦双转子系统动力学特性进行了预测,指出最极端和最具破坏性的非线性行为形式可能是由于转静子接触。VON GROLL等[8]研究了转静子接触测量和仿真中的低次谐波响应机制,当悬臂转子(如飞机发动机)运转时,往往会出现转静子接触问题,而这种缓冲环的设计可以限制振动幅度,以减小转静子接触带来的不利影响。转静子接触问题也涉及到机电系统(MEMS)转子。 CHRISTOFOROU等[9]研究了主动控制油井钻柱的完全耦合振动,发现了当与钻头反弹和粘滑相结合时,其与钻孔发生复杂冲击作用。HU等[10]在对摩擦冲击和初始永久挠度下杆紧固转子的非线性耦合动力学的研究中发现,正向和反向的接触涡动都是可能的,这取决于转子是否在静子周围滑动或粘连。在摩擦条件下,扭转效应变得重要,并可能导致Hopf分岔和粘滑行为。相比之下,与弹跳相关的动力学可能比纯摩擦更剧烈。JACQUET-RICHARDET等[11]在对涡轮机械的研究中,对现有的数值模型和实验装置进行了分析,揭示了转子-静子接触问题涉及多物理和多尺度耦合行为,本质上具有复杂的非线性。MUSZYNSKA等[12]从混沌和分岔理论的角度考虑转静子间歇接触,基于对局部冲击模型的研究,发现同步和次同步的周期性振动,以及转子的混沌振动,均伴有高次谐波。此外,非光滑方法正变得越来越广泛,这种方法可能会产生一种新的分岔形式。INOUE等[13]考虑了内共振的作用,并发现正向和反向模态频率之间的1:1共振对接触系统的响应有着重要的影响。弹跳式运动可以分为同步和非同步两种。前者涉及的频率与转速成整数比,发生在转子系统的各向异性轴承中,或引起各向异性效应。非同步周期更复杂,因为响应频率似乎与旋转频率无关。ZILLI等[14]最早提出模态内共振理论,并以数值结果为基础,模拟了非同步弹跳轨迹。ZILLI等[14]提出的一个同步条件被SHAW等[15]验证,即:当在旋转坐标系中观察同步运动时,出现内共振现象。在旋转坐标系内,转子以超过这种内共振的旋转速度进行周期的弹跳运动。这一运动与静子接触涡动共存,但SHAW等[16]说明了在静子硬度较小的情况下,可以用谐波平衡和时域方法半解析地预测高度非线性的弹跳运动。由内共振引起的非同步部分接触运动是相当普遍的,可以应用于任意多自由度的转子系统,这为本文的研究提供了理论基础。
然而,针对两段柔性转子-静子碰撞诱导的正向和反向模态内共振机理的研究较少,因此,本文通过建立两段柔性转子系统的数学模型,并进行数值仿真分析,得到转子系统非同步接触运动现象。通过研究正向模态和反向模态内共振现象发生时的转速,可以指导旋转机械设计,防止因弹跳式接触运动导致的灾难性故障,进而保证机械运行安全。
本文的研究框架是:第一部分,介绍本文研究所采用的动力学模型;第二部分,采用数值方法求解转静子接触非线性微分方程,得到转子系统的响应,分析正向模态和反向模态内共振现象;第三部分,对正向模态和反向模态内共振响应规律以及控制方法给出结论。
本文建立了如图1(a)所示的转子系统数学模型。模型中,在O点处有滑动轴承支承,电机驱动转子1旋转,采用各向同性螺旋联轴器1连接,具有线性角刚度kr1和阻尼cr1,转子1与转子2通过柔性联轴器2连接,具有线性角刚度kr2和阻尼cr2,假设转轴为无质量的刚性轴,转子2中心安装有固定间隙的缓冲环[15]。转子长度分别为L1L2,圆盘1位于转子1的中间位置,圆盘2位于转子2的底部;圆盘的直径分别为d1d2,厚度分别为v1v2,质量分别为M1M2a为缓冲环中心到圆盘2几何中心的长度,b为电机到圆盘1几何中心的长度;c为缓冲环的静子径向间隙,ks表示静子的刚度。图1(b)为绘制的CATIA三维模型图,图1(c)为缓冲环结构示意图。
采用惯性参照系Oxyz来描述两个圆盘的运动,角ψ1θ1ψ2θ2分别为圆盘1和圆盘2的坐标,Ω为转子转速,重力引起的加速度作用在z轴上,g为重力加速度。
通过推导动能、势能和非保守力,利用拉格朗日方程[17]可以导出转子系统的运动方程为:
Mu¨+ΩGu˙+Cu˙+Ku=Fe+Fi
式中,MGCK分别表示质量矩阵、陀螺矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,表达式见附录A中式(A1)~(A4);Fe为由动能导出的由各圆盘质量不平衡引起的激励矢量,表达式见式(A5);Fi表示转子2与静子之间的作用力,表达式见式(A6);u为静止坐标下的位移矢量,表达式为:
u=[ψ1θ1ψ2θ2]T
转子2在静子长度a处的径向位移表达式为:
r2=[L1ψ1+(L2a)ψ2]2+[L1θ1+(L2a)θ2]2
将运动方程从静止坐标系向旋转坐标系变换[18]
u=Tu~
式中,u~为旋转坐标系中的向量;T为变换矩阵,定义为:
T=[cos(Ωτ)sin(Ωτ)00sin(Ωτ)cos(Ωτ)0000cos(Ωτ)sin(Ωτ)00sin(Ωτ)cos(Ωτ)]
由式(4)、时间τ、式(5)中定义的T,有:
u˙=Tu~˙+T˙u~
u¨=Tu~¨Ω2u~+2T˙u~˙
TTT˙=T˙TT=ΩJ
其中,J为:
J=[0100100000010010]
将式(4)、(6)和(7)应用于式(1)中,并在式(1)的两侧乘以TT,得到旋转坐标系中的表达式为:
Mu~¨+(2MJΩ+GΩ)u~˙+Cu~˙+(KMΩ2CJΩGJΩ2)u~=Fe+Fi
将静止坐标系中的运动方程转化为旋转坐标系的优点是可以清楚地识别非线性系统动力学中各项的贡献。其中:2MJΩ为科氏加速度,MΩ2为向心软化。
为了揭示转静子碰撞诱导内共振机理,采用上述建立的动力学模型,应用到某转子系统的动力参数,如表1所示,其中ζ1ζ2为模态阻尼比,该参数用来构建阻尼矩阵,ε1ε2为圆盘的偏心量。
坎贝尔图可以展示转子线性系统的固有频率随转速的变化规律,由于陀螺效应导致正反向模态频率分开,因此在静止坐标系下,只能看出正反向模态频率随转速的变化规律,但是在旋转坐标系下,可以得到正反向模态交叉点对应的频率[16],即内共振对应转速大概区间。
线性固有频率可以用下式来估计:
det(KλGΩ+λ2M)=0
式中,向量λ为由式(A4)中定义的刚度矩阵K、式(A2)中定义的陀螺矩阵G、式(A1)中定义的质量矩阵M计算得到的特征值。
转频与转子涡动频率的交点决定了系统的模态频率,图2给出了系统的模态频率,图中ω为涡动频率,红色虚线表示第1阶反向涡动频率,蓝线表示第1阶正向涡动频率,黄色虚线表示第2阶反向涡动频率,紫色虚线表示第2阶正向涡动频率,绿线表示转子转频。从图中可以看出,第1阶模态频率为146 r/min,第2阶反向模态频率为241 r/min,第2阶正向模态频率250 r/min,由于陀螺项的影响,第2阶正向和反向涡动频率是不同的。
为了确定转子正反向模态内共振确定的转频,在旋转坐标系下画出转子模态频率随转子转速的变化规律,可以通过下式求得:
det[(KMΩ2GJΩ2)λ(2MJΩ+GΩ)+λ2M]=0
图3给出了旋转坐标系下的坎贝尔图,图中ωfωb分别为正向涡动和反向涡动频率,红线表示1倍的正向涡动频率,蓝色虚线表示1倍的反向涡动频率,黑色虚线表示2倍的正向涡动频率,淡蓝色线表示3倍的正向涡动频率。本文中常用的惯例是,反向涡动(顺时针方向)具有负频率,这个符号惯例可以在旋转坐标系中使用。当转速Ω为零时,静止坐标系和旋转坐标系之间的正向涡动频率和反向涡动频率没有差别。随着转速Ω的增加,旋转坐标系中的模态频率减小,这与本文采用的符号惯例是一致的。当正向涡动频率在146和241 r/min,即1倍的正向涡动频率通过零转速时,这两个交点分别为图2所示的第1阶正向模态频率和第2阶正向模态频率。
采用旋转坐标系下的坎贝尔图,可以很容易识别出正反向模态内共振对应的转速。如当转速Ω437.6 r/min时,对应第1阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第1阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω546.7 r/min时,对应第2阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第1阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω616.2 r/min,对应第1阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第2阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω724.9 r/min时,对应第2阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第2阶正向模态频率。每一个交叉点都意味着可能有正反向模态频率2:1的内共振。当转速Ω291.7 r/min时,对应第1阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第1阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω344.5 r/min时,对应第2阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第1阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω430.2 r/min,对应第1阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第2阶正向模态频率;当转速Ω482.9 r/min时,对应第2阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第2阶正向模态频率。每一个交叉点都意味着可能有正反向模态频率3:1的内共振。
为了准确验证正反向模态频率重合处得到的内共振对应转速,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法求解运动方程(10),判断初始的转子状态是否与静子接触,如果转静子未接触,则采用无接触情况下的转子线性系统进行求解,采用事件检测函数检测转静子接触,其终了状态作为转静子接触的初始状态,建立接触后产生的激振力,求解转静子接触情况下的转子响应,直至采用事件检测函数检测到转静子未接触,通过此方法循环计算,得到系统的稳态响应。这里的事件检测函数在常微分方程ODE的求解过程中,能精确检测到转静子接触时刻,提示常微分方程ODE求解器停止积分。
采用上述求解动力学方程的方法,得到最大径向间隙r2随转速变化的分岔图,如图4所示,其中,蓝色虚线为径向间隙,第1个峰值对应的转速为138 r/min,即转子系统在静止坐标系中的第1个临界速度;第2个峰值对应的转速为372 r/min,即转子系统在静止坐标系中的第2个临界速度,由于刚度硬化效应,在转速为138和372 r/min时出现振幅跳跃现象。转速在384~486 r/min和780~960 r/min区间,出现非同步接触响应。在780~960 r/min区间,转静子非同步接触,存在显著的动刚度硬化现象[19]
为了分析非同步响应的时域与频域特征,对上述仿真得到的水平位移的时域信号进行功率谱密度分析,如图5所示,从图中可以看出,在两个非同步共振转频区间内,频率成分包括转频、两个非同步频率成分,该非同步频率成分分别对应于转子的正向和反向涡动频率。为了清晰地分析该非同步频率成分,提取特定转速下的响应进行频率分析。
在非同步接触转速区间[384,486] r/min,即图5所示的转频区间[6.4,8.1] Hz内,选取转速411 r/min,初始状态为在x轴上对转子2施加10−3 rad的角向位移,得到转子系统的稳态解,在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹如图6所示,蓝线表示转子2的轴心轨迹,红色虚线表示间隙。可以看出,在静止坐标系下,转子的运动为封闭的连续性进动;在旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹表现出周期性运动。
图7为在旋转坐标系下转子2 的Poincaré映射图,表现为闭合曲线,转子2进行周期运动,图8为在旋转坐标系下,转子2在x方向的时域曲线,表明转子2做周期运动。
图9为在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转速为411 r/min时,转子2在x方向的频谱图。图9(a)标注的4个峰值对应的频率中,2.15 Hz对应1/3倍的第2阶正向涡动频率与1/3倍的第1阶反向涡动频率之和,3.69 Hz对应2/3倍的第2阶正向涡动频率与1/3倍的第1阶反向涡动频率之和,5.24 Hz对应1倍的正向涡动频率与1/3倍的第1阶反向涡动频率之和,6.84 Hz对应转速频率;图9(b)标注的3个峰值对应的频率中,1.55、3.14、4.69 Hz的纵坐标值分别对应图9(a)中的5.24、3.69、2.15 Hz。其中1.55 Hz对应图9(a)中6.84 Hz减去5.24 Hz,3.14 Hz对应图9(a)中6.84 Hz减去3.69 Hz,4.69 Hz对应图9(a)中6.84 Hz减去2.15 Hz;3个峰值对应的频率在旋转坐标系下存在3倍频关系,体现出转速411 r/min对应于图3中第1阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第2阶正向模态频率下的转速,即3:1内共振。
在非同步接触转速区间[384,486] r/min,即图5所示的转频区间[6.4,8.1] Hz内,选取转速为420 r/min,初始状态为在x轴上对转子2施加10−3 rad的角向位移,得到转子系统的稳态解,在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹如图10所示,蓝线表示转子2的轴心轨迹,红色虚线表示间隙。可以看出,在静止坐标系下,转子的运动为封闭的连续性进动;在旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹表现出周期性运动。
图11为在旋转坐标系下转子2 的Poincaré映射图,表现为闭合曲线,转子2进行周期运动,图12为在旋转坐标系下,转子2在x方向的时域曲线,表明转子2做周期运动。
图13为在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转速为420 r/min时,转子2在x方向的频谱图。图13(a)标注的3个峰值对应的频率中,2.27 Hz对应第1阶反向涡动频率,4.63 Hz对应第2阶正向涡动频率,7.00 Hz对应转速频率;图13(b)标注的2个峰值对应的频率中,2.37 Hz对应图13(a)中7.00 Hz减去4.63 Hz,4.73 Hz对应图13(a)中7.00 Hz减去2.27 Hz;2个峰值对应的频率在旋转坐标系下存在2倍频关系,体现出转速420 r/min对应于图3中第1阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第1阶正向模态频率下的转速,即2:1内共振。
在非同步接触转速区间[780,960] r/min,即图5所示的转频区间[13,16] Hz内,选取转速为840 r/min,初始状态为在x轴上对转子2施加10−3 rad的角向位移,得到转子系统的稳态解,在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹如图14所示,蓝线表示转子2的轴心轨迹,红色虚线表示间隙。可以看出,在静止坐标系下,转子的运动为封闭的连续性进动;在旋转坐标系下,转子轴心轨迹表现出周期性运动。
图15为在旋转坐标系下转子2 的Poincaré映射图,表现为闭合曲线,转子2进行周期运动,图16为在旋转坐标系下,转子2在x方向的时域曲线,表明转子2做周期运动。
图17为在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下,转子2 在x方向的频谱图,转速为840 r/min。图17(a)标注的3个峰值对应的频率中,4.41 Hz对应第1阶反向涡动频率,5.16 Hz对应第2阶正向涡动频率,13.98 Hz对应转速频率。图17(b)标注的2个峰值对应的频率中,9.57 Hz对应图17(a)中13.98 Hz减去4.41 Hz,19.14 Hz对应图17(a)中13.98 Hz加上5.16 Hz。两个峰值对应的频率在旋转坐标系下存在2倍频关系,体现出转速840 r/min对应于图3中第2阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第2阶正向模态频率下的转速,即2:1内共振。
上述仿真得到的转子模态3:1与2:1内共振现象,可以采用如下表达式描述[15]
(pq)ω~i=pω~j
式中,pq为整数;ω~iω~j分别为正向涡动和反向涡动频率成分。当满足此条件时,系统发生内共振现象,本文研究结果符合该规律,因此验证了模型求解的正确性。
本文建立了两段柔性转子系统的数学模型,利用拉格朗日方程推导出转子系统的运动方程,并将转子运动从静止坐标系转化为旋转坐标系,在旋转坐标系下采用Runge-Kutta法求解运动方程,利用事件检测函数检测接触和非接触运动,得到如下结论:
(1)从旋转坐标系下的坎贝尔图可以看出,反向频率与正向频率2:1的转速为437.6、546.7、616.2、724.9 r/min,反向频率与正向频率3:1的转速为291.7、344.5、430.2、482.9 r/min。由分岔图可以看出,在138和372 r/min的两个临界转速下,出现了主共振振幅跳跃现象,并得出两个非同步接触响应转速区间[384,486] 和[780,960] r/min。
(2)转速为411 r/min时,在旋转坐标系下转子2的轴心轨迹图、x方向的Poincaré映射和时域曲线体现了其在旋转坐标系下的周期运动;由静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下转子2 在x方向的频谱图发现,在旋转坐标系下3个峰值对应的频率存在3倍频关系,即第1阶反向模态频率等于3倍的第2阶正向模态频率,即3:1内共振。
(3)转速为420和840 r/min时,在旋转坐标系下转子2的轴心轨迹图、x方向的Poincaré映射和时域曲线表现出周期运动。由静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下转子2在x方向的频谱图发现,两个转速下第1阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第1阶正向模态频率,第2阶反向模态频率等于2倍的第2阶正向模态频率,即2:1内共振。
本文研究工作为设计转子系统避免正反向模态频率2:1内共振与3:1内共振提供理论依据,后续将深入研究考虑转静子碰摩下的模态内共振特性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105105)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52272436)
  • 中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2022CXY021)
  • 中国航空发动机集团应用创新项目(630010504)
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2025年第38卷第9期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308050
  • 接收时间:2023-08-25
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-25
  • 修回日期:2023-11-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105105)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52272436)
中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2022CXY021)
中国航空发动机集团应用创新项目(630010504)
作者信息
    1.南京航空航天大学通用航空与飞行学院安全工程系,江苏 溧阳 213300
    2.南京航空航天大学公共实验教学部工程训练中心,江苏 溧阳 213300

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王海飞(1986—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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