Article(id=1227591340070994450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691683200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-11, revisedDate=1698336000000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610183017, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610183017, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610183017, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610183017, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1414, endPage=1421, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591342851818037, articleId=1227591340070994450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Stationary random response analysis of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shells, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory,the smooth stochastic response model of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shells is established by using the unified series method and the pseudo-excitation method (PEM). The cylindrical shell subdomains are divided according to the interlayer property differences of the sandwich material,and the kinetic energy,strain energy,boundary potential energy and smooth random excitation work of each subdomain are established by using three-dimensional elasticity theory combined with the virtual excitation method. The mechanical coordination conditions between the layered subdomains are converted into coupling condition energies by the coupling penalty function method,and then the overall energy generalization of the sandwiched cylindrical shell is obtained by superposing the energies of each subdomain. The displacement components of each subdomain are constructed using a unified level expression and solved by combining the Rayleigh-Ritz method to obtain the stochastic response of the three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shell structure. The correctness of the stochastic response model is verified by comparison with literature and finite element results. Finally,the effects of thickness-to-radius ratio,lay-up angle of laminated-functional gradient sandwich material and power-law index on the random response of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shell are analyzed.

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基于三维弹性理论,利用统一级数法与虚拟激励法(PEM)建立了三维夹层圆柱壳平稳随机响应模型。根据夹层材料的层间特性差异划分圆柱壳子域,并利用三维弹性理论结合虚拟激励法建立各子域的动能、应变能、边界势能及平稳随机激励功。通过耦合罚函数法将分层子域间的力学协调条件转化为耦合条件能量,进而叠加各子域能量获得夹层圆柱壳的整体能量泛函。使用统一的级数表达式构建各子域的位移分量,并结合瑞利-里兹法求解获得三维夹层圆柱壳结构的随机响应。通过与现有文献和有限元结果的对比,验证了随机响应模型的正确性。最后分析了厚径比、层合-功能梯度夹层材料的铺设角及幂律指数对三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应的影响。

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王青山(1989—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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孟硕(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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孟硕(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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International Journal of Mechanical Sciences2020,187:105896., articleTitle=A three-dimensional solution for free vibration of FGP-GPLRC cylindrical shells resting on elastic foundations:a comparative and parametric study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227654456578339596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, awardId=52075554, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075554), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227654450467238286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227654450471432591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, companyId=1227654450467238286, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 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ArticleFig(id=1227654455307465390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Influence of different gradient indices on acceleration response PSD of 3D sandwiched cylindrical shells, figureFileSmall=hNEI1Qcj+hW91ofSWBgbtw==, figureFileBig=OWi5u5P08ZYPYQBksaM9UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654455408128698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同幂律指数对三维夹层圆柱壳加速度响应PSD的影响, figureFileSmall=hNEI1Qcj+hW91ofSWBgbtw==, figureFileBig=OWi5u5P08ZYPYQBksaM9UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654455517180613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of natural frequencies of cylindrical shells of 3D laminated material with S-S boundary condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n方法固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶5阶6阶7阶8阶
1文献[14]143.69199.25412.42624.24762.20834.62838.23848.27
本文方法143.70199.26412.43624.30762.22834.75838.26848.29
偏差/%-0.002-0.003-0.004-0.010-0.002-0.015-0.003-0.002
2文献[14]203.85286.27402.62606.97812.45878.69892.52972.12
本文方法203.86286.27402.63607.04812.59878.72892.55972.15
偏差/%-0.0050-0.004-0.011-0.017-0.003-0.003-0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1227654455609455310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

S-S边界条件下的三维层合材料圆柱壳固有频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n方法固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶5阶6阶7阶8阶
1文献[14]143.69199.25412.42624.24762.20834.62838.23848.27
本文方法143.70199.26412.43624.30762.22834.75838.26848.29
偏差/%-0.002-0.003-0.004-0.010-0.002-0.015-0.003-0.002
2文献[14]203.85286.27402.62606.97812.45878.69892.52972.12
本文方法203.86286.27402.63607.04812.59878.72892.55972.15
偏差/%-0.0050-0.004-0.011-0.017-0.003-0.003-0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1227654455814976220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of fundamental frequencies of cylindrical shells of 3D functional gradient material under different boundary conditions(Unit:Hz)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ph/R0F-F边界条件C-S边界条件
文献[9]本文方法偏差/%文献[9]本文方法偏差/%
0.50.5201.81201.92-0.054545.12545.100.004
1.0259.15259.27-0.046568.57568.500.012
10.5201.71201.85-0.072542.23542.27-0.007
1.0260.54260.70-0.063567.13567.14-0.001
50.5206.70206.95-0.119535.56535.75-0.035
1.0262.20262.50-0.113554.21554.43-0.039
), ArticleFig(id=1227654456007914213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同边界条件下的三维功能梯度材料圆柱壳基频对比(单位:Hz)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ph/R0F-F边界条件C-S边界条件
文献[9]本文方法偏差/%文献[9]本文方法偏差/%
0.50.5201.81201.92-0.054545.12545.100.004
1.0259.15259.27-0.046568.57568.500.012
10.5201.71201.85-0.072542.23542.27-0.007
1.0260.54260.70-0.063567.13567.14-0.001
50.5206.70206.95-0.119535.56535.75-0.035
1.0262.20262.50-0.113554.21554.43-0.039
), ArticleFig(id=1227654456238600940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of natural frequencies of 3D sandwiched cylindrical shells with two material distribution types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料分布类型方法网格尺寸/cm3固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶5阶6阶7阶
材料分布类型A[0°/90°/FGM/90°/0°]有限元方法3×3×3327.58327.58343.63343.63424.20462.01462.01
4×4×4327.65327.65343.68343.69424.15462.67462.67
5×5×5327.83327.83343.65343.65424.18462.52462.52
本文方法329.13329.13344.16344.16423.21463.07463.07
偏差/%-0.397-0.397-0.149-0.1490.228-0.120-0.119
材料分布类型B[FGM/0°/90°/0°/FGM]有限元方法3×3×3344.72344.72361.04361.04482.23486.17486.18
4×4×4344.76344.76361.03361.03482.18486.40486.41
5×5×5345.06345.06361.17361.17482.26486.93486.94
本文方法347.49347.49361.84361.84481.26491.15491.15
偏差/%-0.706-0.705-0.186-0.1860.207-0.867-0.865
), ArticleFig(id=1227654456356041460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591340070994450, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两种材料分布类型的三维夹层圆柱壳固有频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料分布类型方法网格尺寸/cm3固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶5阶6阶7阶
材料分布类型A[0°/90°/FGM/90°/0°]有限元方法3×3×3327.58327.58343.63343.63424.20462.01462.01
4×4×4327.65327.65343.68343.69424.15462.67462.67
5×5×5327.83327.83343.65343.65424.18462.52462.52
本文方法329.13329.13344.16344.16423.21463.07463.07
偏差/%-0.397-0.397-0.149-0.1490.228-0.120-0.119
材料分布类型B[FGM/0°/90°/0°/FGM]有限元方法3×3×3344.72344.72361.04361.04482.23486.17486.18
4×4×4344.76344.76361.03361.03482.18486.40486.41
5×5×5345.06345.06361.17361.17482.26486.93486.94
本文方法347.49347.49361.84361.84481.26491.15491.15
偏差/%-0.706-0.705-0.186-0.1860.207-0.867-0.865
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三维夹层圆柱壳平稳随机响应分析
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孟硕 1, 2 , 钟锐 1, 2 , 王青山 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1414-1421
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1414-1421
三维夹层圆柱壳平稳随机响应分析
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孟硕1, 2 , 钟锐1, 2, 王青山1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学机电工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 2.中南大学极端服役性能精准制造全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 孟硕(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王青山(1989—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Stationary random response analysis of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shells
Shuo MENG1, 2 , Rui ZHONG1, 2, Qingshan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308026
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基于三维弹性理论,利用统一级数法与虚拟激励法(PEM)建立了三维夹层圆柱壳平稳随机响应模型。根据夹层材料的层间特性差异划分圆柱壳子域,并利用三维弹性理论结合虚拟激励法建立各子域的动能、应变能、边界势能及平稳随机激励功。通过耦合罚函数法将分层子域间的力学协调条件转化为耦合条件能量,进而叠加各子域能量获得夹层圆柱壳的整体能量泛函。使用统一的级数表达式构建各子域的位移分量,并结合瑞利-里兹法求解获得三维夹层圆柱壳结构的随机响应。通过与现有文献和有限元结果的对比,验证了随机响应模型的正确性。最后分析了厚径比、层合-功能梯度夹层材料的铺设角及幂律指数对三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应的影响。

随机振动  /  层合-功能梯度夹层材料  /  三维圆柱壳  /  统一级数法  /  虚拟激励法

Based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory,the smooth stochastic response model of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shells is established by using the unified series method and the pseudo-excitation method (PEM). The cylindrical shell subdomains are divided according to the interlayer property differences of the sandwich material,and the kinetic energy,strain energy,boundary potential energy and smooth random excitation work of each subdomain are established by using three-dimensional elasticity theory combined with the virtual excitation method. The mechanical coordination conditions between the layered subdomains are converted into coupling condition energies by the coupling penalty function method,and then the overall energy generalization of the sandwiched cylindrical shell is obtained by superposing the energies of each subdomain. The displacement components of each subdomain are constructed using a unified level expression and solved by combining the Rayleigh-Ritz method to obtain the stochastic response of the three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shell structure. The correctness of the stochastic response model is verified by comparison with literature and finite element results. Finally,the effects of thickness-to-radius ratio,lay-up angle of laminated-functional gradient sandwich material and power-law index on the random response of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shell are analyzed.

random vibration  /  laminated-functional gradient sandwich material  /  three-dimensional cylindrical shell  /  unified series method  /  pseudo-excitation method
孟硕, 钟锐, 王青山. 三维夹层圆柱壳平稳随机响应分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1414 -1421 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308026
Shuo MENG, Rui ZHONG, Qingshan WANG. Stationary random response analysis of three-dimensional sandwiched cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1414 -1421 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308026
夹层材料是指面层和芯层由不同材料组成的一种新型多功能复合材料。这种材料通过合理选择面板和芯材,可以有效提高其综合性能。相比于单一材料,夹层材料的强度、刚度较高且密度更小,因此被广泛应用于工程领域。关于夹层结构动力学行为的研究也日趋丰富[1-3]。针对航空航天工程产品表面要有较高的耐热性以及总体质量较小的需求,本文将密度小、强度高的层合材料和耐热性较好的功能梯度材料组成一种夹层复合材料,并以常见的圆柱壳体结构为例,深入探讨其动力学特性。
圆柱壳结构在工业领域非常常见,例如火箭的舱体、油液的输送管道等。因此,从实际设计的角度研究其振动特性至关重要。基于一阶剪切变形理论和高阶剪切变形理论,许多学者对薄壳结构进行了动力学分析[4-6]。然而,将三维弹性力学问题简化为二维问题,致使结构的弹性力学方程不能全部被满足,由此产生的理论性误差将会随着结构某一维度尺寸的增大而急剧增加。相比之下,三维弹性理论没有对变形作出任何假设,适用于任意尺寸的结构。许多学者基于三维弹性理论对圆柱壳的动力学行为进行了大量研究。仝博等[7]在三维弹性理论的基础上,结合分层理论和状态空间法,对复合材料圆柱壳的自由振动进行了分析。YE等[8]开发了一种基于三维弹性理论的统一方法,用于对弹性基础上具有常规边界条件的厚圆柱壳进行自由振动分析。SU等[9]利用变分原理结合修正傅里叶级数,得到了厚功能梯度圆锥壳、圆柱壳和环形板结构的三维振动精确解。
在实际工程领域,许多结构部件在使用过程中通常会受到噪声、气流、水波等随机载荷的影响。随机载荷会引起有害振动,从而导致结构疲劳破坏。近年来,学者针对板壳结构的随机响应也开展了相关的研究。左朋等[10]将谱几何法与虚拟激励法结合,分析了复杂边界条件下功能梯度圆环板的平稳随机响应特性。霍慧等[11]将虚拟激励法与振型叠加技术结合,导出了平稳和非平稳激励作用下中厚圆柱壳的随机响应功率谱密度函数解析解。DOGAN等[12]提出了一个分析模型,用于预测随机激励下双壁夹层圆柱壳的非线性响应。HUO等[13]利用离散分析方法实现了薄壁正交各向异性圆柱壳在稳态和非稳态随机激励下的精确基准响应。从以上文献中可以看出,以往对于随机振动的研究主要集中于薄壁板壳结构,而对于三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应的研究较为少见。事实上,由于圆柱壳为典型的曲面型结构,而工程中随机载荷通常沿着特定的方向加载,因此,需要合理地处理三维夹层圆柱壳曲面几何与随机载荷加载方向的匹配性问题。为此,本文通过子域划分和载荷分解方法解决结构几何与载荷的匹配性问题,并结合统一级数法与虚拟激励法,研究三维夹层圆柱壳的平稳随机响应特性。
三维夹层圆柱壳模型示意图如图1所示。圆柱壳的长度为L,厚度为h,内半径为R0,外半径为R1,因此h=R1-R0。夹层圆柱壳一共有N层,由内到外依次是第1层,…,第k层,…,第N层,故每层的厚度为h/N。圆柱坐标系的xθr轴分别表示圆柱壳的轴向、周向和径向。为了描述三维圆柱壳的变形状态,引入一个正交曲线坐标系(uvw)分别表示壳体的轴向、周向、径向位移。此外,通过在圆柱壳的两端面均匀设置不同刚度(kukvkw)的边界弹簧来表示不同的边界条件。图2给出了研究涉及的两种材料分布类型的示意图,其中,分布类型A的面层是层合材料,芯层是功能梯度材料;分布类型B的面层是功能梯度材料,芯层是层合材料。
为建立圆柱壳的整体能量泛函,本节将根据夹层材料的层间特性差异将圆柱壳划分为N个子域,如图3所示。首先建立各层子域的独立能量泛函,再将各层子域之间的力学和位移关系转化为耦合能量,最后组合各层子域的独立能量泛函和耦合能量,得到整体能量泛函。
根据三维弹性理论,三维夹层圆柱壳第k层的应变-位移关系为:
εk=Pkuk
其中:
εk=[εxk εθk εrk γθrk γxrk γxθk]T
Pk=[/x000/r/rθ0/rθ0/r-1/r0/x01/r/r/rθ/x0]
uk=[uk vk wk]T
式中,ukvkwk分别为第k层在轴向、周向和径向的位移分量;εxkεθkεrkγθrkγxrkγxθk分别为第k层的法向应变和剪切应变分量。
根据广义胡克定律,三维夹层圆柱壳第k层的线性本构方程为:
σk=Qkεk
其中:
σk=[σxk σθk σrk τθrk τxrk τxθk]T
Qk=[Q11kQ12kQ13k00Q16kQ12kQ22kQ23k00Q26kQ13kQ23kQ33k00Q36k000Q44kQ45k0000Q45kQ55k0Q16kQ26kQ36k00Q66k]
式中,σxkσθkσrkτθrkτxrkτxθk分别为第k层的法向应力和剪切应力分量;Qijkij=1,2,…,6)为第k层的弹性刚度系数,对于层合材料和功能梯度材料,Qijk的计算公式详见文献[914]。
特别地,本文所涉及的功能梯度材料由陶瓷和金属组成,假设其材料特性在厚度方向上呈现连续梯度变化,相应的杨氏模量、泊松比和密度可以分别表示为:
Ez(z)=(Ec-Em)Vc(z)+Em
μz(z)=(μc-μm)Vc(z)+μm
ρz(z)=(ρc-ρm)Vc(z)+ρm
式中,Eμρ分别表示杨氏模量、泊松比和密度,下标“c”和“m”分别表示陶瓷和金属。陶瓷体积分数Vcz)由四参数幂律分布得到[6]
Vc(z)=[1-a(12+zh)+b(12+zh)c]p
式中,幂律指数p和参数abc决定了功能梯度材料在厚度方向上的属性变化。
根据动能定理,三维夹层圆柱壳第k层的动能Tk可表示为:
Tk=12Vρk(u˙k)Tu˙kdV
式中,V表示第k层圆柱壳的体积。
k层的应变能UVk可表示为:
UVk=12V(σk)TεkdV=12V(uk)T(Pk)T(Qk)TPkukdV
k层存储在两端面弹簧中的弹性势能Upk可表示为:
Upk=12SA{(uk)Tukk0+(uk)TukkL}dSA
式中,k0=[k0u  k0v  k0w]和kL=[kLu  kLv  kLw]分别为x=0和x=L时边界弹簧的刚度值;SA表示第k层圆柱壳两端面的面积。
根据虚拟激励法,基础加速度载荷的虚拟激励可表示为:
g˜¨(t)=Sg¨(ω)eiωt
式中,Sg¨(ω)为功率谱密度;ω为圆频率。
本文中随机载荷沿着θ=90°加载于夹层圆柱壳结构,通过柱坐标系下载荷的矢量分解使之与结构几何相匹配,此时随机外部载荷对圆柱壳第k层所做的功可描述为:
Wk=-Vρkg˜¨(t)(vkcosθ+wksinθ)dV
为了将各层之间的力学协调条件转化为耦合能量,本文采用耦合罚函数法描述夹层圆柱壳的耦合边界,其耦合势能可表示为:
Uck=12SB[kb(uk-uk-1)T(uk-uk-1)+kt(uk+uk+1)T(uk+uk+1)]dSB
式中,kbkt为相邻层之间引入的罚因子,为了得到合理的收敛解,kbkt取为1015[14]SB表示第k层圆柱壳的侧面积。
本文采用统一级数法描述三个方向的位移函数。因此,圆柱壳第k层的位移形式可表示为:
uk(x,r,θ,t)=Φk(x,r,θ)Ak(t)
vk(x,r,θ,t)=Φk(x,r,θ)Bk(t)
wk(x,r,θ,t)=Φk(x,r,θ)Ck(t)
其中:
Φk(x,r,θ)=[T0(x)  Tp(x)  TP(x)][T0(r)  Tq(r)  TQ(r)][cos(nθ) sin(nθ)]
Ak(t)=[A00c  Apqc  APQc A00s  Apqs  APQs]Teiωt
式中,T为多项式级数,包括切比雪夫多项式、勒让德多项式、正交多项式和改进傅里叶级数等,根据以往的研究[15],这几种多项式级数都可以用于描述结构的位移函数,并且能够达到相似的计算效率与求解精度,本文使用改进傅里叶级数进行后续计算分析;PQ分别为xr方向的多项式截断数;n为周向波数;A为未知系数,上标“c”和“s”分别对应周向波数展开的余弦项和正弦项;Bkt)或Ckt)与Akt)的形式类似,只需将A改成BC
本文采用瑞利-里兹法进行求解,圆柱壳的能量泛函可表示为:
L=UV+Up+Uc-T+W
将位移函数代入能量泛函,并对每个未知系数求偏导,使其导数为0,可以得到圆柱壳的运动方程:
LΘ=0,Θ=A,B,C
(K-ω2M)G=F
其中:
K=diag(K1,,Kk,,KN)+diag(Kc1,2,,Kck-1,k,,KcN-1,N)
M=diag(M1,,Mk,,MN)
G=[G1  Gk  GN]T
F=[F1  Fk  FN]T
式中,Kk为第k层的刚度矩阵;Kck-1,k为第k-1层与第k层的耦合刚度矩阵;Mk为第k层的质量矩阵;Gk为第k层的位移矢量;Fk为第k层虚拟激励的载荷矢量。
将式(22)中得到的位移矢量G代入式(16)中,可以得到虚拟位移响应,从而得到三维圆柱壳在随机激励作用下的随机响应PSD:
Sw(r,θ,t)=[w(r,θ,t)]*w(r,θ,t)
Sw˙(r,θ,t)=ω2Sw(r,θ,t)
Sw¨(r,θ,t)=ω4Sw(r,θ,t)
式中,“*”表示复共轭;SwSw˙Sw¨分别为位移、速度和加速度响应自功率谱函数。
本节将通过一些数值算例验证本文方法对于分析三维夹层圆柱壳自由和随机振动的有效性和精确性,并探究不同参数对随机响应PSD的影响。除非特别说明,本文所有算例将使用以下参数进行计算:对于层合材料,其材料属性为:E1=150 GPa,E2=E3=10 GPa;μ1213=0.3,μ23=0.4;ρ=1600 kg/m3;剪切模量G12=G13=6 GPa,G23=5 GPa。对于功能梯度材料,采用氧化锆陶瓷和铝金属的组合,其材料属性为:Ec=168 GPa,Em=70 GPa;μc=0.3,μm=0.3;ρc=5700 kg/m3ρm=2700 kg/m3a=1,b=0,p=1。圆柱壳的尺寸参数为:R0=1 m,R1=1.5 m,L=3 m。此外,通过改变边界弹簧刚度值,可以获得各种边界条件[14]ku=kv=kw=0(F);ku=0,kv=kw=1015(S);ku=kv=kw=1015(C)。
为了验证本文方法的有效性和精确性,将本文方法的计算结果与文献[914]和有限元法得到的结果进行对比。表1为S-S边界条件下,周向波数n取1和2时,三维层合材料圆柱壳的前8阶固有频率,层合材料的铺设方式为[0°/90°/0°],材料属性为:E1=80 GPa,E2=E3=2 GPa;μ121323=0.25;ρ=1500 kg/m3G12=1.2 GPa,G13=G23=1 GPa。模型几何参数为:R0=0.75 m,R1=1.25 m,L=2 m。对比结果表明,本文方法对层合材料固有频率的计算是有效的,并且最大偏差仅为0.017%,具有较高的精确度。表2为F-F和C-S边界条件下,不同幂律指数和厚径比的三维功能梯度材料圆柱壳的基频。模型几何参数为:R0=1 m,L=2 m。从表2中可以看出,当幂律指数p为0.5、1,5以及厚径比h/R0为0.5、1.0时,本文方法与文献[9]均保持较好的一致性。通过本文方法与文献[914]的对比,证实了本文方法对于分析三维层合材料和功能梯度材料圆柱壳振动特性的有效性。
为了验证本文方法对于考虑两种材料分布类型的圆柱壳的振动特性分析的有效性和精确性,将本文方法与有限元方法得到的结果进行对比。其中,有限元方法采用ABAQUS软件进行建模,通过分层法对功能梯度材料属性沿厚度方向的梯度变化进行近似表征,其基本思想是将功能梯度材料沿厚度方向划分为多层,每层的材料属性不同,但同一层的材料属性保持相同,当层数足够多时就能够近似模拟出功能梯度材料。经过多次建模计算,当层数大于30时,计算结果开始收敛,为了保证精度,将功能梯度层划分为50层。网格类型为六面体实体网格。表3给出了本文方法和有限元方法得到的C-C边界条件下的三维夹层圆柱壳的前7阶固有频率。从表3中可以看出,随着网格尺寸的减小,有限元法计算的固有频率非常接近。鉴于计算速度的限制,将网格尺寸为5 cm×5 cm×5 cm的有限元结果与本文方法进行对比,可以看出两种材料分布类型的固有频率最大偏差均未超过1%。图4为随机激励作用下,两种材料分布类型的三维夹层圆柱壳的位移、速度和加速度响应PSD对比。假设圆柱壳体承受有限频带为[20,1200] Hz的基础加速度载荷,使用S0=1 g2/Hz的PSD函数,频率步长设置为5 Hz,阻尼比取为0.05。可以看出,在20~1200 Hz频率范围内,通过本文方法得到的PSD曲线与通过有限元方法得到的PSD曲线均保持较好的吻合。综合以上所有对比结果,表明了本文方法对于分析三维夹层圆柱壳振动特性的有效性和精确性。
本节将研究一些参数对三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应特性的影响规律。所研究的参数主要包括厚径比、夹层材料的铺设角和幂律指数。为了简便起见,后续算例中所加随机激励与2.1节中相同。
图5给出了在C-C边界条件下,不同厚径比对三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应PSD的影响。从图5中可以看出,随着厚径比的逐渐增大,速度响应峰值和加速度响应峰值逐渐向高频移动,这是因为厚度的增大导致圆柱壳结构的弯曲刚度和质量逐渐增大,从而使结构的固有频率也逐渐增大,因此随机响应PSD曲线整体向高频移动。此外,从高频段的响应曲线来看,相比于厚壳,薄壳的随机响应受厚径比的影响更大。
图6给出了在C-C边界条件下,不同铺设角对三维夹层圆柱壳位移响应PSD的影响。图6(a)6(b)的共同点是,铺设角距离45°越近,位移响应峰值越小,并且峰值对应的频率越高。当两个铺设角的和为90°时,其响应曲线也很相似。这是因为,层合材料的弹性刚度系数与铺设角的正弦值和余弦值有关,当两个锐角的和为90°时,其正弦值和余弦值相等。
图7给出了在C-C边界条件下,夹层材料的不同幂律指数对三维夹层圆柱壳加速度响应PSD的影响。为了得到更明显的变化趋势,本次算例采用杨氏模量更大的氧化铝陶瓷。其材料属性为:Ec=380 GPa;μc=0.3;ρc=3800 kg/m3。其余参数同上。从图7中可以看出,随着幂律指数p的增大,圆柱壳的加速度响应峰值逐渐向低频移动。这是由于幂律指数p增大会导致陶瓷体积分数Vcz)减小,金属体积增大,从而使结构刚度降低,固有频率降低。
本文基于三维弹性理论,利用统一级数法和虚拟激励法建立了三维夹层圆柱壳的平稳随机响应模型。三维夹层圆柱壳由层合材料和功能梯度材料组成,并考虑了两种材料分布类型。通过与文献[914]结果和有限元结果进行对比,验证了本文所提方法的有效性和精确性。最后分析了厚径比、铺设角和幂律指数对三维夹层圆柱壳随机响应的影响,得到如下结论:
(1)厚径比h/R0的增加会增大结构的弯曲刚度,从而使结构的固有频率增大,随机响应PSD曲线整体向高频移动,并且薄壳所受到的影响更大。
(2)铺设角θ越靠近45°,其位移响应峰值越小,峰值频率越高。当两个铺设角的和为90°时,其响应曲线也相似。
(3)幂律指数p越大,陶瓷含量越低,金属含量越高,从而使结构刚度降低,响应曲线向低频移动。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075554)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308026
  • 接收时间:2023-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-11
  • 修回日期:2023-10-27
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075554)
作者信息
    1.中南大学机电工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.中南大学极端服役性能精准制造全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410083

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王青山(1989—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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