Article(id=1227591339282461538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307066, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1690300800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-26, revisedDate=1697731200000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610182828, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610182828, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610182828, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610182828, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1450, endPage=1458, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591343275439005, articleId=1227591339282461538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Multibody dynamics analysis and verification research of the satellite’s dual axis flexible solar wing rotation in orbit, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The disturbance induced by the rotation of dual axis flex solar wing is the important factor which impacts satellite attitude and pointing accuracy and stability of satellite precise payload. The flexible multibody system method based on recursive formulation is proposed to solve the dynamics problem induced by satellite dual axis flexible solar wing rotation. The satellite dynamics equations are established by considering orbit mechanics,satellite configuration,solar wing flexibility and solar array drive assembly and momentum wheels. As an example of a satellite with dual axis solar wing,the research on multibody dynamics simulation of satellite electromechanical coupling is developed,and the simulated attitude angle and angular velocity of satellite are compared with the corresponding telemetry data. The research shows that the simulated attitude angle and angular velocity of satellite agree well with the corresponding telemetry data,which proves the correctness of the model,The rotation of flexible dual axis solar wing will produce big disturbance torque and attitude angle,the control torque needs to be distributed to momentum wheel assembly for the accurate simulation results,and the disturbance torque of floating satellite caused by the rotation of solar wing was obtained by simulation,which can give the reference condition of ground test verification of solar wing rotation.

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双轴太阳翼转动是影响卫星姿态以及星上精密载荷指向精度和稳定度的重要因素。针对卫星双轴柔性太阳翼在轨转动动力学分析问题,提出采用基于递推的柔性多体动力学方法,建立了考虑轨道、卫星构型、太阳翼结构柔性、太阳翼驱动机构和动量轮组件在内的整星机电耦合多体动力学与控制方程组。以某带双轴太阳翼卫星为对象,开展了卫星机电耦合多体动力学仿真研究,比较了太阳翼转动引起的卫星姿态角、姿态角速度仿真结果与在轨遥测数据。研究表明:建立的卫星多体动力学与控制机电耦合模型仿真获得的姿态角和姿态角速度结果与相应在轨遥测数据几乎吻合,证明了建立模型的正确性;双轴柔性太阳翼转动时将产生较大干扰力矩和姿态扰动,为获得准确仿真结果,需要将控制力矩分配到动量轮组件上。仿真获得了太阳翼转动对浮动星体的扰动力矩,可为双轴太阳翼转动对星体扰动的地面验证试验提供参考。

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董富祥(1979—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
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Design and analysis of torque allocation strategy for redundant flywheel configurations[J]. 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figureFileBig=3KHdD2EL5V/H8zS1CsQWUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654456741917465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591339282461538, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The mass and inertia parameters of each satellite component

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序号物体名称物体质量/kg惯量/(kg·m2
1卫星本体720[300 0 0 0 590 0 0 0 620]
2+Y太阳翼62[55 0 0 0 35 22 0 22 45]
3-Y太阳翼62[55 0 0 0 35 22 0 22 45]
), ArticleFig(id=1227654456859357990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591339282461538, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卫星各部件质量和惯量参数

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序号物体名称物体质量/kg惯量/(kg·m2
1卫星本体720[300 0 0 0 590 0 0 0 620]
2+Y太阳翼62[55 0 0 0 35 22 0 22 45]
3-Y太阳翼62[55 0 0 0 35 22 0 22 45]
), ArticleFig(id=1227654456955826997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591339282461538, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

1st order to 10th order mode frequency of solar wing

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阶次频率/Hz阶次频率/Hz
1阶0.1636阶2.955
2阶0.4017阶3.781
3阶0.6438阶4.024
4阶1.1639阶4.650
5阶2.08310阶7.376
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太阳翼前10阶模态频率

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阶次频率/Hz阶次频率/Hz
1阶0.1636阶2.955
2阶0.4017阶3.781
3阶0.6438阶4.024
4阶1.1639阶4.650
5阶2.08310阶7.376
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卫星双轴柔性太阳翼在轨转动多体动力学分析与验证研究
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董富祥
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1450-1458
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1450-1458
卫星双轴柔性太阳翼在轨转动多体动力学分析与验证研究
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董富祥
作者信息
  • 中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部,北京 100094

通讯作者:

董富祥(1979—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
Multibody dynamics analysis and verification research of the satellite’s dual axis flexible solar wing rotation in orbit
Fuxiang DONG
Affiliations
  • Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307066
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双轴太阳翼转动是影响卫星姿态以及星上精密载荷指向精度和稳定度的重要因素。针对卫星双轴柔性太阳翼在轨转动动力学分析问题,提出采用基于递推的柔性多体动力学方法,建立了考虑轨道、卫星构型、太阳翼结构柔性、太阳翼驱动机构和动量轮组件在内的整星机电耦合多体动力学与控制方程组。以某带双轴太阳翼卫星为对象,开展了卫星机电耦合多体动力学仿真研究,比较了太阳翼转动引起的卫星姿态角、姿态角速度仿真结果与在轨遥测数据。研究表明:建立的卫星多体动力学与控制机电耦合模型仿真获得的姿态角和姿态角速度结果与相应在轨遥测数据几乎吻合,证明了建立模型的正确性;双轴柔性太阳翼转动时将产生较大干扰力矩和姿态扰动,为获得准确仿真结果,需要将控制力矩分配到动量轮组件上。仿真获得了太阳翼转动对浮动星体的扰动力矩,可为双轴太阳翼转动对星体扰动的地面验证试验提供参考。

柔性多体动力学  /  机电耦合动力学与控制  /  双轴柔性太阳翼  /  太阳翼驱动机构  /  动量轮力矩分配

The disturbance induced by the rotation of dual axis flex solar wing is the important factor which impacts satellite attitude and pointing accuracy and stability of satellite precise payload. The flexible multibody system method based on recursive formulation is proposed to solve the dynamics problem induced by satellite dual axis flexible solar wing rotation. The satellite dynamics equations are established by considering orbit mechanics,satellite configuration,solar wing flexibility and solar array drive assembly and momentum wheels. As an example of a satellite with dual axis solar wing,the research on multibody dynamics simulation of satellite electromechanical coupling is developed,and the simulated attitude angle and angular velocity of satellite are compared with the corresponding telemetry data. The research shows that the simulated attitude angle and angular velocity of satellite agree well with the corresponding telemetry data,which proves the correctness of the model,The rotation of flexible dual axis solar wing will produce big disturbance torque and attitude angle,the control torque needs to be distributed to momentum wheel assembly for the accurate simulation results,and the disturbance torque of floating satellite caused by the rotation of solar wing was obtained by simulation,which can give the reference condition of ground test verification of solar wing rotation.

flexible multibody dynamics  /  mechanical and electric coupling dynamics and control  /  dual axis flexible solar wing  /  solar array drive assembly  /  momentum wheel torque distribution
董富祥. 卫星双轴柔性太阳翼在轨转动多体动力学分析与验证研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1450 -1458 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307066
Fuxiang DONG. Multibody dynamics analysis and verification research of the satellite’s dual axis flexible solar wing rotation in orbit[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1450 -1458 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307066
太阳翼在轨转动引起的卫星姿态扰动和低频振动是影响星上高精度载荷正常工作的主要因素之一[1-2]。太阳翼在轨运行过程中所产生的扰振在低频区具有分布密集和特性复杂的特点,严重影响遥感卫星成像质量及通信卫星星间激光链路工作稳定性等重要指标[3-4]。覆盖高纬度地球遥感或通信的大倾角卫星,其轨道平面与太阳光夹角变化范围大且变化速度快[5]。为使这类卫星获得更多能源,多采用双轴太阳翼驱动机构(solar array drive assembly,SADA)实现太阳翼对日定向,如下一代铱星系统、美国第4代侦察卫星、苏联大型低轨道侦察卫星、“国际空间站”等[6]。相对于单轴太阳翼,双轴太阳翼具有质心偏离转动轴线距离大的特点,其在轨转动尤其是起停运动对卫星姿态及星上高精度载荷指向精度和稳定度影响更大,是带双轴驱动太阳翼高精度航天器总体设计不可忽略的重要因素。
针对太阳翼转动引起的卫星姿态扰动问题,国内外学者从理论建模、控制器设计到地面试验开展了大量研究工作。文献[7]在对卫星和太阳帆板均作刚体假设的基础上,针对步进电机驱动下太阳帆板运动对卫星姿态扰动的问题,设计星本体与太阳帆板对日定向复合姿态的控制方法。文献[8]以太阳翼驱动机构为对象,针对SADA驱动太阳翼运行过程中的扰振力矩测量难题,通过对电磁力矩线性化,利用自由界面模态综合方法建立了SADA空载和驱动太阳翼转动的力学模型,确定了扰振力矩频率组成。文献[9]建立了与太阳电池阵驱动系统等效的结构动力学模型,指出减速比和黏性摩擦系数对等效刚度参数影响最大。文献[2]针对高分7号卫星对姿态稳定度的高要求,提出采用永磁同步电机直接驱动太阳翼的主动控制方案,降低了太阳翼驱动过程中转速的波动。文献[10]基于航天器线性化方法和刚柔耦合动力学方法,建立了带柔性转动附件的航天器姿态动力学方程,并在奇异理论框架下设计了H控制器。
尽管以往研究在理论建模到工程应用方面均取得较大进展,但在以下方面仍存在不足之处。首先,带转动柔性太阳翼的卫星动力学模型多采用“线性化”的柔性航天器动力学模型,忽略了二阶以上小量对整星姿态动力学的影响[10],且当卫星构型改变时需要重新推导卫星动力学方程,并做线性化处理,缺乏通用性。其次,太阳翼转动产生的扰动力矩试验验证均立足于柔性太阳翼与地面固定界面试验,难以揭示转动柔性太阳翼与浮动星体间扰动力矩的变化情况。最后,以上研究均未考虑卫星姿态控制力矩向实际动量轮组件分配,并受动量轮饱和输出力矩约束影响的情况。当大摆角的双轴柔性太阳翼转动时,其产生的姿态扰动可导致卫星动量轮组件产生的姿态控制力矩饱和,使得双轴柔性太阳翼转动引起的卫星姿态扰动大大超过常规对称布置的柔性太阳翼。
针对以上不足,从卫星在轨实际应用需求出发,基于递推多体动力学方法,建立了考虑卫星轨道、基于动量轮的姿态控制、太阳翼驱动机构及太阳翼结构柔性在内的整星柔性多体动力学与控制模型,形成了基于柔性多体动力学的程式化多学科耦合解决方法。采用该模型对某卫星在轨双轴太阳翼转动过程进行数值仿真,通过数值仿真结果与该星在轨遥测数据的比较,证明了本文方法的正确性。
图1为卫星在轨工作构型示意图。图1中,OXinertialYinertialZinertial表示地心惯性坐标系,OoXorbitYorbitZorbit表示卫星轨道坐标系,其坐标原点在整星质心上。
图2为带双轴太阳翼卫星构型示意图。太阳翼驱动机构的R轴与星体Y轴平行,可绕其轴线转动360°,S轴与R轴垂直,可在一定角度范围内转动[6]
针对柔性太阳翼转动引起的整星姿态扰动建模问题,通常假设轨道动力学与姿态动力学解耦、忽略动力学方程的高阶小量且卫星质心不随太阳翼转动发生变化[10],然后采用伪拉格朗日方程推导获得考虑柔性太阳翼转动的卫星动力学方程。考虑双轴柔性太阳翼转动的整星动力学方程可以写为[11]
[IsRsa1Rsa2Fsa1η¨a1Fsa2η¨a2Rsa1Ia10Fa10Rsa20Ia20Fa2Fsa1TFa1T0IK×K0Fsa2T0Fa2T0IK×K][ωsω˙a1ω˙a2η¨a1η¨a2]=[Ts-ω˜sIsωs+HOT1(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)Ta1+HOT2(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)Ta2+HOT3(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)-Da1η˙a1-Ka1ηa1+HOT4(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)-Da2η˙a2-Ka2ηa2+HOT5(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)]
式中,ωa1ωa2分别表示南太阳翼和北太阳翼相对于星体的角速度;Ia1Ia2分别表示南太阳翼和北太阳翼相对于各自R转动轴坐标系惯量;IK×K表示K阶单位矩阵;Is表示卫星相对于自身坐标系的转动惯量;ωs表示卫星角速度;ω˜s表示ωs的反对称阵;Fsai表示第i个柔性附件的转动耦合系数矩阵,i=1i=2分别表示南太阳翼和北太阳翼;Rsai表示第i个附件振动对航天器转动的刚性耦合系数矩阵;Fai表示第i个附件振动对自身振动的耦合系数矩阵;Ftai表示第i个附件振动对航天器平动的耦合系数矩阵;Ts表示作用在卫星上的总力矩;Ta1Ta2分别表示南翼和北翼SADA作用在太阳翼上的力矩;Da1Da2分别表示南翼和北翼结构模态阻尼矩阵;Ka1Ka2分别表示南翼和北翼结构模态刚度矩阵;Ωai表示第i个太阳翼转角;ηaiη˙aiη¨ai分别表示模态广义坐标和模态广义坐标对时间的一阶、二阶导数,i=1,2HOTj(ωs,Ωa1,η˙a1,ηa1,Ωa2,η˙a2,ηa2)j=1~5)表示柔性太阳翼转动期间整星动力学方程高阶项,实际工程中予以忽略。
卫星角速度矢量采用如下形式确定:
ωs=[φ˙-ωoψθ˙-ωoψ˙+ωoφ]T
式中,ωo表示轨道角速度;φθψ分别表示卫星滚动、俯仰和偏航角;φ˙θ˙ψ˙分别表示卫星滚动、俯仰和偏航角对时间的一阶导数。采用方程(1)进行仿真建模时,需要对该公式每项均进行推导计算,过程繁琐且需要忽略高阶小量的影响。如果太阳翼构型发生改变时,需要重新推导动力学方程。
从多体动力学角度看,带两个柔性太阳翼的卫星属于典型的无根树状多体系统[12]。采用柔性多体动力学递推算法,推导建立最小广义坐标的整星刚柔动力学方程。图3为带双轴太阳翼的卫星拓扑构型示意图。图3中,B0表示与地心惯性参考坐标系固连的虚体,B1~B7为星本体、+Y太阳翼、-Y太阳翼、动量轮1至动量轮4。星本体与地球惯性坐标系间通过6自由度的虚铰连接,±Y太阳翼B2和B3与星本体B1通过太阳翼驱动机构连接,动量轮B4~B7通过旋转铰与星本体连接。
太阳翼基频较星本体和动量轮低2~3个数量级,将太阳翼假设为柔性体,星本体和动量轮假设为刚体。图4为太阳翼有限元模型示意图。图4中,Ni表示太阳翼边界节点,OsXsolarwingYsolarwingZsolarwing表示太阳翼浮动坐标系。
采用Craig-Bampton模态综合法和浮动坐标方法建立太阳翼动力学方程。如图4所示,以太阳翼驱动机构(SADA)与太阳翼连接点Ni为界面节点,太阳翼上其他节点作为内部节点。基于有限元离散的太阳翼动力学方程可以写为:
[MiiMijMjiMjj][u¨iu¨j]+[KiiKijKjiKjj][uiuj]=[fi0]
式中,uiuj分别表示界面和内部节点的坐标矩阵;MklKklk,l=i,j)分别表示太阳翼的质量和刚度矩阵;fi表示作用在界面节点上的外力或外力矩;下标ij分别表示界面和内部。
引入Craig-Bampton模态综合法[13]对有限元坐标进行变换,得到:
[uiuj]=[I0ψijφjj][uiηj]
式中,ψijφjj分别表示约束模态矩阵和界面正则模态矩阵;ηj表示界面正则模态广义坐标。记u=[uiTujT]Tai=[uiTηjT]T,式(4)可以记为:
u=ΦCBai,ΦCB=[I0ψijφjj]
柔性太阳翼动力学方程可以写为:
MCBa¨CB+KCBaCB=fCB
式中,MCB=ΦCBT[MiiMijMjiMjj]ΦCBKCB=ΦCBT[KiiKijKjiKjj]ΦCBfCB=ΦCBT[fi0]
对式(6)进行正则变换并加入模态阻尼[14-15],得到归一化后的柔性太阳翼动力学方程:
ξ¨+2ζΩξ˙+Ω2ξ=fTL
式中,ξ表示模拟阻尼矩阵;aCB=ψNRξψNR表示Craig-Bampton模态正则化矩阵,满足ψNRTMCBψNR=IψNRTKCBψNR=Ω2fTL=ψNRfCBΩ表示正交化后的频率矩阵;u=ΦCBψNRξ
选择太阳翼的Buckens坐标系[16]为柔性太阳翼浮动坐标系,得到+Y太阳翼的柔性动力学方程:
[MrrMreMreTMee][q¨2ra¨2]=[-wr+fro+frc-we+feo-fru+fec]
式中,q2ra2分别表示+Y太阳翼的刚体运动坐标列阵和模态坐标列阵;MrrMreMee分别表示与刚体运动、刚柔耦合和柔性体运动相关的质量矩阵;wrwe分别表示与刚体和柔性变形相关的广义惯性力矩阵;frofeo分别表示与刚体和变形体相关的外力项;fru表示变形力项;frcfec分别表示与刚体和变形体相关的广义控制力矩阵[12]。-Y太阳翼柔性动力学方程与之类似。
根据虚功原理,通过递推方法建立整星多体动力学方程[12],具体形式如下:
GTMsysGq¨sys=GT(fsys-Msysgsys1N)
式中,G表示系统中各物体绝对速度与广义坐标间的递推关系,为7×7的块矩阵,其中Gi1i=1,…,7)和Giii=2,3,,7)均为0;Msys为系统广义质量矩阵;q¨sys表示系统广义坐标对时间的二阶导数;gsys表示系统各物体与加速度相关的二次项;1N表示值均为1的N行矢量阵;fsys表示系统的广义力矩阵,其可以写为:
fsys=[fB1TfB7T]T
式中,fBii=1,…,7)表示第i个物体上受到的广义力,fBi=-wBi+fBio-fBiu+fBic,其中,wBifBiofBiufBic分别表示第i个物体上的广义惯性力、广义外力、广义变形力和广义控制力矩阵。
星上每个物体均受到万有引力作用,考虑J2J4摄动的万有引力公式[17]可以写为:
fBio=[FxiFyiFzi]=[-μmi|ri|3xi+J2μxmiRE22|ri|5[15(zi|ri|)2-3]-μmi|ri|3yi+J2μymiRE22|ri|5[15(zi|ri|)2-3]-μmi|ri|3zi+J2μzmiRE22|ri|5[15(zi|ri|)2-9]] ;i=2,3,,7
式中,μ为地球引力常数;mi为质量;J2为地球扁率引起的摄动系数;RE为地球赤道半径,取为6378.1 km;|ri|=xi2+yi2+zi2xiyizi分别表示ri在地心赤道惯性坐标系三轴的分量;ri为地心到星上每个物体质心距离矢量,ri=[xiyizi]T
系统广义坐标可以表示为:
qsys=[q1Tq7T]T
其中,+Y太阳翼转动广义坐标为q2=[θ2a2T]Tθ2表示太阳翼驱动机构转动角。对于+Y太阳翼而言:
fB2o=[FB2TTB2T]T,TB2=CratioTe2
式中,Cratio表示太阳翼驱动机构的减速比;Te2为太阳翼驱动机构中步进电机输出的驱动力矩;FB2为太阳翼驱动机构施加在+Y太阳翼上的力。-Y太阳翼上受到的驱动力矩与+Y太阳翼上受到的驱动力矩相同。
下面求解作用在星体和±Y太阳翼上的驱动力矩。太阳翼驱动机构工作原理图如图5所示。图中,驱动电流iAiB驱动步进电机,步进电机通过减速机构驱动柔性太阳翼步进运动。为了减小太阳翼扰动,一般采用细分电流作为参考电流。
太阳翼驱动机构采用二极二相步进电机进行驱动,相应的电机驱动方程可以写为:
diddt=(ud-Rid+NrLα˙iq)/L
diqdt=(uq-Riq-NrLα˙id-Kmα˙)/L
Te=Kmiq-Bα˙-Tf-Tr
式中,idiq分别为iAiB变换后D、Q轴的电流;uduq分别为变换后D、Q轴的电压;R为绕组的电阻;Nr为电机转子齿数;L为步进电机的电感;Km表示电机力矩常数;B为黏滞阻尼系数;α表示电机转子位置角;Tf为电机摩擦转矩;Tr为谐波阻力矩。一般取4次谐波转矩,Tr=4D4sin(4α)D4表示4阶谐波转矩系数。通常采用电流前馈补偿,补偿谐波转矩和摩擦力矩。uduq采用比例-积分调节器控制,可以写为:
ud=(Kp+Kis)(ird-id)
uq=(Kp+Kis)(irq-iq)
式中,KpKi分别表示比例和积分系数;1s表示积分;irdirq分别为变换后D、Q轴的参考电流。
irairb分别为电机ab轴的参考电流,它们之间的关系可以按照下式描述:
[irdirq]=[cos(Nrα)sin(Nrα)-sin(Nrα)cos(Nrα)][irairb]
太阳翼驱动机构步进电机采用正弦细分电流驱动,其参考驱动电流可以写为:
ira=Imcos(2πn/KM),irb=Imsin(2πn/KM)
式中,n为脉冲数,n=round(ft),其中f为驱动频率;KM为电流细分数;Im表示绕组额定电流。
采用二阶低通滤波器和PID控制器对卫星姿态进行控制,执行机构选择金字塔构型动量轮,其控制力矩可采用下式进行计算。以卫星轨道坐标系作为姿态参考坐标系,则姿态控制指令力矩可以写为:
Tc=Kpwhθatti+Kdwhθ˙atti
式中,θatti表示姿态角列阵;θ˙atti表示姿态角对时间的一阶导数;KpwhKdwh分别表示比例因子和阻尼因子矩阵。相应的指令力矩由4个轮子力矩合成:
Tc=CWTW
式中,CW表示动量轮安装构型矩阵;TW为分配到各轮子上的控制力矩。其动量轮构型和力矩示意图分别如图67所示,图6中,OXbYbZb表示星体B1固连坐标系。
按照角动量和力矩最大包络,采用最小无穷范数方法,将指令力矩分配到各动量轮上。每个动量轮上的指令力矩可表示为:
TW com={T¯WN,TWTWmaxT¯WL,TW>TWmax
式中,T¯WN=CWT(CWCWT)-1Tc表示基于能量最优得到的控制力矩列阵;T¯WL表示基于力矩最大包络的力矩列阵;TWmax表示动量轮最大允许输出力矩,假设每个动量轮最大允许输出力矩相同。金字塔构型动量轮的最大力矩包络如图7所示。根据最小无穷范数理论:
T¯WL=T¯WN+ρwTZ
式中,ρwT¯WL2的最小解;TZCW的核向量,具体表达式见文献[18]。接下来,将分配到动量轮上的指令力矩施加到动量轮转子上,将反作用力矩施加在星体上。
联立式(9)、式(14a)~(18)及式(21),可以得到太阳翼转动期间整星在轨动力学与控制机电耦合方程组如下:
GTMsysGq¨sys=GT(fsys-Msysgsys1N)
diddt=(ud-Rid+NrLα˙iq)/L
diqdt=(uq-Riq-NrLα˙id-Kmα˙)/L
ud=(Kp+Kis)(ird-id)
uq=(Kp+Kis)(irq-iq)
[irdirq]=[cos(Nrα)sin(Nrα)-sin(Nrα)cos(Nrα)][irairb]
ira=Imcos(2πn/KM),irb=Imsin(2πn/KM)
Te=Kmiq-Bα˙-Tf-Tr
Tc=Kpwhθatti+Kdwhθ˙atti
T¯WL=T¯WN+ρwTZ
该方程组含有1个二阶的多自由度柔性多体动力学方程(22a),2个一阶的步进电机电流闭环方程组(22b)和(22c),2个含比例和积分环节的PI调节方程组(22d)和(22e),DQ变换方程(22f)和参考电流方程组(22g)以及卫星在轨动量轮控制方程(22h)~(22j)。式中,αα˙分别对应+Y太阳翼R轴驱动机构的铰链广义坐标qr2和铰链广义坐标对时间的一阶导数q˙r2。如果卫星含有-Y太阳翼,则需要新增与式(22b)~(22g)形式相同的机电耦合方程,相应地,新增的αα˙分别对应-Y太阳翼R轴驱动机构的铰链广义坐标qr3和铰链广义坐标对时间的一阶导数q˙r3
以某卫星为例,其在轨构型如图1所示。卫星各部件质量和惯量参数如表1所示。将太阳翼作为柔性体处理,选取太阳翼前6阶模态作为柔性体参数。动量轮作为姿态控制执行机构,设定其最大饱和输出力矩为0.04 N·m。采用两相两极步进电机驱动太阳翼进行转动,根据卫星太阳翼在轨转动策略,±Y太阳翼的R轴转动时,S轴处于锁定状态。姿态控制力矩比例和阻尼系数矩阵分别取Kpwh=[30,80,60],Kdwh=[700,1200,800],Kp=10,Ki=300,4个动量轮初始转速为1800、1573、1260和1417 r/min,动量轮绕自身轴线转动惯量为0.0123 kg·m2。采用4阶龙格-库塔方法对方程组进行数值积分。
取太阳翼前10阶模态,太阳翼S轴转角为35°。其前10阶频率如表2所示。太阳翼前4阶模态振型如图8所示。
采用两种途径分析动量轮组件分配力矩对卫星姿态控制的影响。分析方案如下,方案(1):考虑动量轮组件控制力矩分配,方程组(22a)~(22j);方案(2):不考虑动量轮组件控制力矩分配,方程组(22a)~(22i)。
图9为卫星±Y太阳翼R轴从静止状态启动后,两类方案仿真获得的卫星三轴姿态曲线与在轨遥测数据曲线比较。可以看出,如果在仿真中仅采用式(22i)计算卫星姿态控制力矩,而不考虑将控制力矩按照动量轮组件最大包络分配到各动量轮上,那么仿真获得的卫星三轴姿态将比遥测数据大得多。
图10为卫星±Y太阳翼R轴从静止状态启动后,考虑动量轮组件控制力矩分配和卫星实际遥测数据曲线比较。可以看出,本文建立的考虑动量轮组件最大包络力矩的递推格式多体动力学方法分析结果与在轨遥测获得卫星三轴姿态数据几乎吻合,证明本文采用建模方法的正确性。同时可以看出,对于S轴大转角情况,太阳翼转动时卫星姿态最大变化角可达-0.21°、-0.08°和0.12°,对星上载荷指向影响十分明显。
图11为太阳翼转动期间,卫星三轴姿态角速度在轨遥测数据与仿真数据曲线比较。可以看出,本文仿真获得的卫星三轴姿态角速度曲线在遥测数据上下波动,进一步证明了本文方法的正确性,仿真结果较在轨数据波动大的原因在于在轨数据采样间隔更大。
图12为仿真获得的南太阳翼转动作用在星体上的扰动力矩时间历程。从图12(a)中可以看出,南太阳翼由静止状态启动瞬间,其对星体扰动力矩短时间内达到最大,随后逐渐减小并稳定。由于步进电机的工作特征,太阳翼作用在星体上的扰动力矩呈现出上下波动特征。从图12(b)中可以看出,与单轴太阳翼转动仅产生较大的俯仰力矩相比,双轴太阳翼转动时星体上承受的滚动、俯仰和偏航力矩均十分明显。结合图10图11,可以看出卫星三轴姿态角和角速度仿真结果与在轨遥测数据基本吻合,可以确定仿真获得双轴太阳翼对星体扰动力矩基本反映了卫星实际在轨实际扰动力矩。
针对双轴太阳翼在轨转动期间引起的卫星姿态扰动问题,基于虚功原理和递推方法,建立了考虑卫星轨道、步进电机驱动、动量轮姿态控制和太阳翼结构柔性在内的整星多体动力学与控制机电耦合模型。以某卫星为例,结合建立的机电耦合多体动力学模型开展了数值仿真,并与在轨遥测数据进行了比较。研究表明:
(1)建立的双轴太阳翼转动整星多体动力学与控制机电耦合模型仿真结果与在轨遥测数据几乎完全吻合,证明采用递推的柔性多体动力学方法可以对双轴柔性太阳翼转动产生的姿态扰动进行准确仿真,递推方法自动推导动力学方程的功能可避免传统柔性航天器动力学方程人工推导失误带来的风险,具有良好的可靠性和通用性。
(2)大摆角的双轴柔性太阳翼转动时会产生较大干扰力矩和卫星姿态扰动,需要将产生的控制力矩分配到动量轮组件上,否则仿真结果与在轨遥测数据差异较大。
(3)在整星姿态和三轴角速度仿真结果均与在轨遥测数据吻合的基础上,给出了可信的太阳翼转动对浮动星体的扰动力矩,为后续双轴太阳翼对星体扰动的地面验证试验提供了参考。
  • 科工局民用航天预先研究重点资助项目(D020201)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11402281)
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第38卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307066
  • 接收时间:2023-07-26
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-26
  • 修回日期:2023-10-20
基金
科工局民用航天预先研究重点资助项目(D020201)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(11402281)
作者信息
    中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部,北京 100094

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董富祥(1979—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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