Article(id=1227591337093034760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688140800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-01, revisedDate=1695571200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610182307, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610182307, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610182307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610182307, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1459, endPage=1464, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591337508270872, articleId=1227591337093034760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Active vibration control algorithm for complex systems based on network topology cooperation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the engineering problems of strict convergence condition of traditional decentralized algorithm and huge computation amount of centralized algorithm in vibration active control of complex systems,this paper combines network topology cooperation strategy and FxLMS algorithm to design a novel active vibration control algorithm based on network topology cooperation,and selects a simplified airframe model of a helicopter as the controlled object. The simulation study of active vibration control with a scale of 20×20 (20 actuators and 20 error sensors) is carried out. The results show that the algorithm based on network topology can achieve the same vibration reduction effect as the centralized algorithm while significantly reducing the computation amount,which is an advantage that the decentralized algorithm and the centralized algorithm do not have. The mean vibration decreases about 34.3 dB under single-frequency control,and about 12.6 dB under multi-frequency control. At the same time,the characteristics of secondary path coupling are properly simplified,which is conducive to the value of convergence coefficient,and the effectiveness and superiority of this algorithm for active vibration control of helicopter complex system are fully verified.

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为解决复杂系统振动主动控制中传统分散式算法收敛条件严苛和集中式算法计算量庞大的工程难题,将网络拓扑协作策略与自适应FxLMS算法相结合,设计了基于网络拓扑协作的振动主动控制算法,并选取某直升机简化机身模型作为被控对象,开展了规模为20×20(20个作动器和20个误差传感器)的振动主动控制仿真研究。仿真结果表明:网络拓扑协作算法在显著降低计算量的同时能取得与集中式算法基本一致的减振效果,这是分散式算法和集中式算法所不具备的优势,单频控制时振动均值降幅约34.3 dB,多频控制时振动均值衰减约12.6 dB;同时适当简化了次级通道耦合的特性,有利于收敛系数的取值,充分验证了该算法用于直升机复杂系统振动主动控制的有效性和优越性。

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陆洋(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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李经良(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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李经良(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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Common combination rules

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准则名公式(lNk,lk
邻近准则clk=1/nk
Metropolisclk=1/max(nk,nl)
拉普拉斯clk=1/nmax
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常用融合准则

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准则名公式(lNk,lk
邻近准则clk=1/nk
Metropolisclk=1/max(nk,nl)
拉普拉斯clk=1/nmax
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Comparison of calculation amount of different control algorithms

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算法类别计算量
分散式算法2JL+JLs
集中式算法[11]J2(L+Ls)+JL
网络拓扑协作算法2JL+JLs+k=1J|Nk|L
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不同控制算法计算量对比

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算法类别计算量
分散式算法2JL+JLs
集中式算法[11]J2(L+Ls)+JL
网络拓扑协作算法2JL+JLs+k=1J|Nk|L
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基于网络拓扑协作复杂系统振动主动控制算法
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李经良 1 , 陆洋 1 , 孙佳明 1 , 马逊军 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1459-1464
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1459-1464
基于网络拓扑协作复杂系统振动主动控制算法
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李经良1 , 陆洋1 , 孙佳明1, 马逊军2
作者信息
  • 1.南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016
  • 2.武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430064
  • 李经良(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

陆洋(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Active vibration control algorithm for complex systems based on network topology cooperation
Jingliang LI1 , Yang LU1 , Jiaming SUN1, Xunjun MA2
Affiliations
  • 1.National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • 2.Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute,Wuhan 430064,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307001
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为解决复杂系统振动主动控制中传统分散式算法收敛条件严苛和集中式算法计算量庞大的工程难题,将网络拓扑协作策略与自适应FxLMS算法相结合,设计了基于网络拓扑协作的振动主动控制算法,并选取某直升机简化机身模型作为被控对象,开展了规模为20×20(20个作动器和20个误差传感器)的振动主动控制仿真研究。仿真结果表明:网络拓扑协作算法在显著降低计算量的同时能取得与集中式算法基本一致的减振效果,这是分散式算法和集中式算法所不具备的优势,单频控制时振动均值降幅约34.3 dB,多频控制时振动均值衰减约12.6 dB;同时适当简化了次级通道耦合的特性,有利于收敛系数的取值,充分验证了该算法用于直升机复杂系统振动主动控制的有效性和优越性。

振动主动控制  /  直升机  /  复杂系统  /  网络拓扑协作  /  数值仿真

In order to solve the engineering problems of strict convergence condition of traditional decentralized algorithm and huge computation amount of centralized algorithm in vibration active control of complex systems,this paper combines network topology cooperation strategy and FxLMS algorithm to design a novel active vibration control algorithm based on network topology cooperation,and selects a simplified airframe model of a helicopter as the controlled object. The simulation study of active vibration control with a scale of 20×20 (20 actuators and 20 error sensors) is carried out. The results show that the algorithm based on network topology can achieve the same vibration reduction effect as the centralized algorithm while significantly reducing the computation amount,which is an advantage that the decentralized algorithm and the centralized algorithm do not have. The mean vibration decreases about 34.3 dB under single-frequency control,and about 12.6 dB under multi-frequency control. At the same time,the characteristics of secondary path coupling are properly simplified,which is conducive to the value of convergence coefficient,and the effectiveness and superiority of this algorithm for active vibration control of helicopter complex system are fully verified.

active vibration control  /  helicopter  /  complex system  /  network topology cooperation  /  numerical simulation
李经良, 陆洋, 孙佳明, 马逊军. 基于网络拓扑协作复杂系统振动主动控制算法. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1459 -1464 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307001
Jingliang LI, Yang LU, Jiaming SUN, Xunjun MA. Active vibration control algorithm for complex systems based on network topology cooperation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1459 -1464 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307001
机身振动水平高一直是制约直升机产业进一步发展的关键因素。近年来,直升机振动主动控制技术进入快速发展期,主要包括高阶谐波控制(higher harmonic control,HHC)、单桨叶控制(individual blade control,IBC)、结构响应主动控制(active control of structural response,ACSR)等技术[1]
在各种主动控制技术中,ACSR由于减振效果好、功耗低、系统重量代价小、频率适应性强和易于工程实现等优点成为直升机减振的首选技术。目前,该技术已先后在UH-60M、Z-11等机型上成功应用[2-3]。该技术的核心思想是“以振抑振”,其基本原理是在结构主要模态的非节点位置上安装作动器和传感器,基于传感器的反馈信号,通过控制器中的自适应算法实时调节其权系数,使作动器产生的主动控制力在待减振位置产生的次级响应与外扰激励引起的结构初级响应大小相等、相位相反,叠加后的总响应理论上能达到零。
随着ACSR系统中控制点的增多,作动器也需随之增加才能有效实现全机减振,进而使次级通道数量从十余个、几十个迅速增加到上百个,形成复杂多通道ACSR系统。次级通道数的快速增加势必会导致控制系统的计算量呈指数增加,假如参考传感器、误差传感器和次级作动器的个数均为NN≥10)时,次级通道数量为N2,即使采用最简单的LMS算法,计算量也与N4成正比[4]。此时若仍采用基于单个控制器的集中式算法,将难以处理和存储规模庞大的计算和数据,导致该复杂系统的硬件成本高涨。
无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)数据融合技术也曾遇到类似如今复杂ACSR系统计算量庞大的工程难题[5-6]。进入万物互联时代,所有的设备都是产生数据的网络节点,随着网络节点的迅速增加,节点之间传输数据所需的通信资源急剧增加,信息处理等数据融合技术所需的计算资源也急剧增加。传统数据融合算法也均采用集中式算法,即整个WSN数据融合算法依赖于中心节点。所有终端节点都把数据发送到中心节点进行融合处理,并将处理结果或指令由中心节点发送到终端节点,中心节点计算负荷较重且容易造成网络拥塞。为了克服集中式算法的缺陷,学者们提出了分布式数据融合算法[7]。分布式算法不依赖于中心节点,通过节点间的相互协作实现数据处理,这不仅能够提高数据收集的效率和准确性,而且能够增强传感器网络的稳定性。
借鉴WSN数据融合算法的研究思路,根据控制节点间的协作程度和控制器数量可将传统ACSR算法分为两类:当节点间没有协作且用J个控制器时,即为分散式算法,如图1(a)所示,图中sJJ为次级通道传递函数。该算法更新某个控制器权向量时仅用对应的传感器信号,进而形成J个独立的单通道ACSR系统,但收敛条件很严苛;当节点间完全协作且只用单个控制器时,即为集中式算法,如图1(b)所示。该算法更新控制器权向量需采集所有传感器信号,计算量大且容错性能差。介于两者之间,当节点间为部分协作且用J个控制器时,即为网络拓扑协作算法,如图1(c)所示,其继承了传统算法的优点。
在网络协作策略中,节点k仅可与其邻居节点进行实时通信协作,将自身和其邻居节点的控制器权向量先融合再更新,然后将更新后的权向量实时共享给其邻居节点[8]。可见,网络拓扑协作算法通过J个控制器协作来实现对全局权向量的更新,以降低复杂多通道ACSR系统的计算量,是一种具有工程应用潜力的高效振动主动控制方法。
针对复杂ACSR系统面临收敛系数取值困难和计算量庞大的工程难题,本文尝试将WSN领域的网络拓扑协作策略与主动控制自适应算法相结合,理论上能在保证减振效果的前提下,大幅降低复杂系统的计算量,并选取某直升机简化机身模型作为被控对象,进行仿真研究以验证所提算法的有效性和优越性。
在振动主动控制领域,常用的自适应算法有最小均方(least mean square,LMS)算法[9]、递推最小二乘(recursive least square,RLS)算法[10]和Kalman滤波算法[8]等,由于LMS算法简单易实现且计算量较小,得到了非常广泛的应用。考虑到振动主动控制系统中次级通道的影响不可忽略,本文拟设计一种基于网络拓扑协作的滤波最小均方(network collaboration filtered-x LMS,NCFxLMS)算法,以降低直升机机身的振动水平。
复杂多通道ACSR系统自适应FxLMS算法的原理如图2所示。
假设系统中有I个参考传感器、J个作动器、K个误差传感器,则有I×J个自适应控制滤波器,均采用FIR滤波器,控制滤波器权系数采用矢量形式统一表示为W(z),阶数为LP(z)代表I×K个初级通道的传递函数矩阵;S(z)代表J×K个次级通道的传递函数矩阵;S^(z)为次级通道传递函数矩阵的估计值。初级通道和次级通道均用FIR滤波器进行等效,设其阶数分别为LpLs。参考信号矩阵x(n)=[x1(n)x2(n)xI(n)]T,并且xi(n)=[xi(n)xi(n-1)xi(n-L+1)]Txi(n)为第i个参考传感器在第n时刻测得的输入信号向量,称为第i个参考信号;系统输出可表示为y(n)=[y1(n)y2(n)yJ(n)]Tyj(n)为第j个控制器在第n时刻的输出信号;期望信号可表示为d(n)=[d1(n)d2(n)dK(n)]Tdk(n)为第k个误差传感器在第n时刻测得的期望信号,也称为无控响应;误差信号可表示为e(n)=[e1(n)e2(n)eK(n)]Tek(n)为第k个误差传感器在第n时刻测得的振动信号;rn)表示滤波参考信号;vn)表示次级响应。控制滤波器权向量Wz)按照NCFxLMS算法实时更新,以产生一个合适的控制力yn),使误差信号en)最小。结合集中式算法的控制方程[11],假设I=1,J=K,则所提NCFxLMS算法控制律可总结为:
节点k的滤波参考信号可定义为:
rk(n)=S^kkTxs(n)
式中,xs(n)=[x(n) x(n-1)  x(n-Ls+1)]T。滤波参考信号仅用节点内的次级通道,弱化了系统中次级通道的耦合关系,使收敛系数取值相对容易。
各节点作动器的输出力定义为:
yk(n)=wkT(n)x(n)
式中,wk(n)=[W(n)]L(k-1)+1:Lk为节点k滤波器权向量;x(n)=[x(n) x(n-1)  x(n-L+1)]T为参考信号向量。
k个误差传感器信号可定义为:
ek(n)=dk(n)-vk(n)=dk(n)-j=1JS^jkTyj(n)
yj(n)=[yj(n) yj(n-1)  yj(n-Ls+1)]T
首先定义目标函数为ξ(n)=E[e2(n)],然后根据w(n+1)=w(n)-μ2ξ(n)自适应控制律梯度函数来调节控制滤波器权向量w(n),以使瞬时误差平方ξ(n)=e2(n)最小。结合图1(c)网络拓扑协作算法框图,节点k控制滤波器权向量的更新方程为:
{ϕk(n)=lNkclkwl(n)wk(n+1)=ϕk(n)+μkek(n+1)rk(n+1)
式中,Nk为节点k的邻居节点集合;rk(n)=[rk(n) rk(n-1)  rk(n-L+1)]T;融合参数clk表示邻居节点l与节点k间次级振动的大小,且满足:
clk0,lNkNkclk=1,clk=0iflNk
显然,NCFxLMS算法中的融合参数起着关键作用,代表着振动主动控制网络中控制器间的协作关系。目前常用的融合参数计算准则包括邻近准则、Metropolis准则、拉普拉斯准则等[612],如表1所示。
针对机身结构振动的特殊性,若节点l振动响应比节点k的响应小6 dB,则节点l不是节点k的邻居节点,确定Nk后采用表1中的邻近准则计算融合参数clk,能使NCFxLMS算法的控制效果最优。
NCFxLMS算法将复杂ACSR系统划分为J个控制节点,每个节点由1个作动器、1个误差传感器和1个控制器组成。为定量说明所提算法应用于复杂系统时在降低计算量方面的优势,结合控制律的设计过程,分别对图1中提到的三种不同控制算法1个采样周期内需要完成的计算量进行统计,结果如表2所示。
为直观表达表2中不同算法计算量随节点数的变化趋势,以20入20出系统为例,且假设L=Ls=64,k=120|Nk|=186,计算量变化曲线如图3所示。
图3可知,对于复杂ACSR系统(N≥10),NCFxLMS算法的计算量比分散式算法的略多,但明显少于集中式算法的,且随着控制节点的增多,NCFxLMS算法降低计算量的优势更明显。
以某直升机机身有限模型为仿真对象,先后开展NCFxLMS算法的独立仿真和对比仿真研究。根据所提算法控制节点组成特点,本文在有限元模型上选取的控制点和目标点应靠得很近,几乎在同一物理位置。
某直升机机身简化模型如图4所示。该模型由机身、尾梁、桨架、尾斜梁、短翼以及外伸梁等部分组成,材料为45号钢,总重为6.114×103 kg。
对上述简化机身结构进行离散化可得有限元模型[1],本文主要关注乘员座舱处的振动抑制情况,如图5所示,图中数字表示有限元模型的节点编号,可作为外扰激振力或次级控制力的作用点。
将控制系统规模设置为20×20,即系统包含20个作动器和20个误差传感器,且可划分为20个控制节点。在94号节点给予模拟旋翼的外扰激振力,在机身15、14、17、16、19、18、102、108、104、109、103、106、105、107、50、52、51、53、55、57号节点输入次级控制力,并以这些节点处的加速度响应信号作为反馈。采样率为1000 Hz,LLs均为64,初值置零,融合矩阵C为20×20对称矩阵。
在94号节点分别输入频率为8、16和32 Hz,对应幅值分别为300、150和75 N的外扰激振力。首先开展单频及多频外扰情况下NCFxLMS算法的独立仿真,接着进行与分散式算法和集中式算法的对比仿真,多维度验证NCFxLMS算法的减振效果。
以8 Hz外扰激励仿真为例,收敛系数取为5×10-3,第5 s时施加主动控制,仿真总时长为100 s,各目标点振动均值如图6所示。
图6可见,控制曲线快速收敛到稳定值,目标点振动均值降幅约为34.3 dB,说明单频振动抑制效果显著。
以8、16和32 Hz叠加外扰作为激励,收敛系数取为5×10-3,第5 s时施加主动控制,目标点振动均值如图7所示。
图7可见,网络拓扑主动控制开启后,多频叠加激励的振动均值降幅约12.6 dB,说明多频减振效果很明显。
为进一步验证NCFxLMS算法的优越性,开展了该算法与传统分散式算法和集中式算法的对比仿真。目标点、控制点、收敛系数等条件同上。单频结果对比如图8所示,多频结果对比如图9所示。
图8中单频控制效果曲线对比可以看出,8 Hz线谱集中式算法和分散式算法两条曲线几乎重合,网络拓扑协作算法的收敛速度略慢于两种传统算法,但收敛后振动衰减幅度基本一致;16 Hz线谱网络拓扑协作算法的收敛速度与集中式算法也基本一样,比分散式算法略快,此时分散式算法有发散趋势;32 Hz线谱网络拓扑协作算法的收敛速度较集中式控制算法慢约15.2 s,明显比分散式算法快。同时,网络拓扑协作算法达到了与集中式算法几乎相同的控制效果。由于控制节点间没有协作关系,分散式算法面临控制效果发散的风险。
图9中多频控制效果曲线对比可知,收敛速度方面,网络拓扑协作算法与集中式算法几乎一样,比分散式算法快,且分散式算法控制效果曲线在50.6 s后逐渐发散;控制效果方面,网络拓扑协作算法与集中式算法基本一致,振幅衰减约12.6 dB,比分散式算法好。对比仿真结果表明,NCFxLMS算法用于复杂系统振动主动控制具有多重优势。
针对复杂多通道ACSR系统面临的计算量庞大和收敛系数取值困难的工程难题,本文将WSN领域的网络拓扑协作策略与FxLMS算法相结合,提出了NCFxLMS算法,并在某直升机机身模型中开展了多维度振动主动控制仿真研究。仿真结果表明:
(1) NCFxLMS算法不仅能明显降低单频外扰振动,而且对多频的减振效果也很突出;
(2) NCFxLMS算法的控制效果与集中式算法的基本一致,且明显优于分散式算法;
(3) NCFxLMS显著降低复杂系统计算量的同时还保证控制效果快速收敛,这是分散式算法和集中式算法所不具备的优势。
因此,本文所提的基于网络拓扑协作振动主动控制算法在减振效果和计算量方面均具有优势,是一种具有工程应用潜力的高效振动主动控制算法。本文研究成果将为新一代直升机机身复杂多通道ACSR系统设计提供重要的理论基础和数值仿真依据。
  • 南京航空航天大学科研与实践创新计划资助项目(xcxjh20210105)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202307001
  • 接收时间:2023-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-01
  • 修回日期:2023-09-25
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南京航空航天大学科研与实践创新计划资助项目(xcxjh20210105)
作者信息
    1.南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016
    2.武汉第二船舶设计研究所,湖北 武汉 430064

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陆洋(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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