Article(id=1227591336870740405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202306058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687795200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-27, revisedDate=1697990400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610182253, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610182253, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610182253, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610182253, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1465, endPage=1473, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591338502324716, articleId=1227591336870740405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Automatic identification method of structural statistical energy analysis subsystem, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a widely used method for analyzing the high-frequency dynamic response of mechanical structures. The reasonable division of subsystems is one of the critical basises for SEA. In this paper,an automatic identification method of SEA subsystem based on order-reduced modal energy density and hierarchical cluster analysis is developed. First,the structural modal energy densities in the high-frequency band are obtained through the discrete finite element model. Then,the main features of the modal energies are extracted through the proper orthogonal decomposition. The similarity of the modal energy density between different elements is analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally,the number of statistical energy analysis subsystems and the corresponding structural elements are identified. The T-shaped plates,I-shaped plates,and engine combustion chamber are taken as simulation models to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the coupling relationship between components,the number of subsystems,and corresponding elements can be automatically identified by the proposed method. Then,the SEA model can be established efficiently and accurately.

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统计能量分析是研究结构高频动力学响应的常用方法,合理划分子系统是开展统计能量分析的关键基础。本文发展了一种基于模态能量密度和层次聚类分析的统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法。通过离散化有限元模型获取结构在高频段的模态能量密度,通过本征正交分解提取模态能量密度的主要特征;基于层次聚类算法分析不同单元间模态能量密度的相似程度,最终获得统计能量分析子系统最优数量及其对应单元。针对T型结构、工型结构、发动机燃烧室开展算例研究验证方法的有效性,结果表明:该方法可以自动识别各部件间耦合关系、子系统数量及对应单元,高效精确地建立统计能量分析模型。

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费庆国(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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陈强(1992—),男,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

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Modal energy distribution

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频率/Hz动能/J势能/J频率/Hz动能/J势能/J
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40844433
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模态能量分布

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结构统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法研究
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陈强 1, 2 , 丁勇军 2 , 张大海 1, 2 , 费庆国 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1465-1473
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1465-1473
结构统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法研究
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陈强1, 2 , 丁勇军2, 张大海1, 2, 费庆国1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.东南大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211189
  • 2.高速飞行器结构与热防护教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京 211189
  • 陈强(1992—),男,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

通讯作者:

费庆国(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Automatic identification method of structural statistical energy analysis subsystem
Qiang CHEN1, 2 , Yongjun DING2, Dahai ZHANG1, 2, Qingguo FEI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Structure and Thermal Protection for High-Speed Aircraft,Ministry of Education,Nanjing 211189,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202306058
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统计能量分析是研究结构高频动力学响应的常用方法,合理划分子系统是开展统计能量分析的关键基础。本文发展了一种基于模态能量密度和层次聚类分析的统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法。通过离散化有限元模型获取结构在高频段的模态能量密度,通过本征正交分解提取模态能量密度的主要特征;基于层次聚类算法分析不同单元间模态能量密度的相似程度,最终获得统计能量分析子系统最优数量及其对应单元。针对T型结构、工型结构、发动机燃烧室开展算例研究验证方法的有效性,结果表明:该方法可以自动识别各部件间耦合关系、子系统数量及对应单元,高效精确地建立统计能量分析模型。

统计能量分析  /  模态能量  /  子系统识别  /  层次聚类分析  /  本征正交分解

Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a widely used method for analyzing the high-frequency dynamic response of mechanical structures. The reasonable division of subsystems is one of the critical basises for SEA. In this paper,an automatic identification method of SEA subsystem based on order-reduced modal energy density and hierarchical cluster analysis is developed. First,the structural modal energy densities in the high-frequency band are obtained through the discrete finite element model. Then,the main features of the modal energies are extracted through the proper orthogonal decomposition. The similarity of the modal energy density between different elements is analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally,the number of statistical energy analysis subsystems and the corresponding structural elements are identified. The T-shaped plates,I-shaped plates,and engine combustion chamber are taken as simulation models to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the coupling relationship between components,the number of subsystems,and corresponding elements can be automatically identified by the proposed method. Then,the SEA model can be established efficiently and accurately.

statistical energy analysis (SEA)  /  modal energy  /  subsystem identification  /  hierarchical cluster analysis  /  proper orthogonal decomposition
陈强, 丁勇军, 张大海, 费庆国. 结构统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1465 -1473 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202306058
Qiang CHEN, Yongjun DING, Dahai ZHANG, Qingguo FEI. Automatic identification method of structural statistical energy analysis subsystem[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1465 -1473 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202306058
运载火箭、航空发动机、高速列车等机械装备在服役过程中承受高频振动载荷[1-4],会导致结构产生强烈的高频振动响应,严重影响结构功能性和安全性。由于结构在高频段的振动波长很短,采用有限元等离散化方法预示高频动响应需要建立极为精细的数值模型,这将消耗大量计算资源。为此,LYON等[5]基于统计物理学原理提出了统计能量分析(statistical energy analysis,SEA)理论,该方法将结构划分为若干子系统(subsystem),然后建立子系统间的功率平衡方程,进而求解得到各子系统在空间和频带内的平均振动特性,具有较好的分析精度和极高的计算效率。目前,统计能量分析已成为结构高频动力学分析最为常用的方法[6-10]
子系统划分是开展统计能量分析的首要和关键环节,子系统划分不当会影响耦合损耗因子等分析参数和结构高频动力学响应的预测精度。统计能量分析理论中将可以贮存振动能量的模态群定义为子系统[5]。模态群包含存在于同一部件中具有类似特征的模态。因此,模态相似是划分子系统的首要准则。此外,根据统计能量分析理论,子系统同时应满足高模态密度、弱耦合强度等假设[6]
早期有关统计能量分析子系统的研究以定性分析为主,如FAHY[11]探究了汽车内部声腔子系统划分对高频能量响应预示结果的影响;朱正道等[12]研究了平板和圆柱壳的子系统划分对声辐射特性的影响;王淅铖等[13]研究了船舶板架中加筋板、双层底板结构的等效建模方法;CHEN等[14]依照材料属性对不同部件进行了子系统划分;FORSSÉN等[15]根据结构的几何特征,研究了高速列车统计能量分析模型的建模方法。现阶段子系统划分大多依赖于工程经验,缺乏量化分析方法,尚未形成系统理论。对于L型板、T型板等简单结构,可以通过工程经验直接划分子系统;但对于构型复杂的工程结构,不同部件间的连接关系复杂,部件间耦合关系难以判定,难以直接依靠工程经验划分,亟需研究统计能量分析子系统的自动识别方法。
近年来研究人员开始逐渐认识到子系统划分的重要性,开展了子系统自动识别方法的相关研究。GAGLIARDINI等[16]针对汽车结构,基于有限元模型获得的能量传递矩阵和多点随机激励下的结构响应,识别了统计能量分析子系统。TOTARO等[17]基于能量传递函数和K-means聚类方法识别子系统,发现结构高频动响应的动能和势能存在显著差异,因此需要在分析中同时考虑。但这种方法需要多次计算不同激励位移对应的能量传递函数,计算量较大,且无法自动获得子系统数量,因此实用性较差。DÍAZ-CERECEDA等[18]提出了基于模态能量和层次聚类分析的子系统自动识别方法,仅需一次模态分析即可获得结构子系统识别的输入参数,针对L型折板、T型结构等简单系统取得了较好的识别效果,但对于子系统较多或物理边界不明显的复杂结构,其识别精度不足。MAGRANS等[19-20]提出了一种基于能量传递路径的子系统识别方法,进而评估了各子系统间的耦合强度,获得了子系统间的耦合损耗因子等统计能量分析参数,最终完整地建立了统计能量分析系统;但这种方法也存在计算效率低等问题。LANGLEY等[21]针对加筋壁板等刚柔耦合系统,提出了基于有限元-统计能量混合方法的建模技术,自动识别了各部件所对应的模型。综上所述,现有研究虽然取得了一些进展,但其研究对象大多为验证理论方法的简单模型,对于复杂工程结构会出现计算量大、稳定性差等问题,亟待发展针对复杂机械结构的统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法。
本文针对机械结构高频统计能量分析子系统识别问题开展研究。首先,介绍统计能量分析基础理论;进而,给出基于降阶模态能量和层次聚类分析方法的子系统识别方法;然后,以T型结构、工型结构和复杂发动机燃烧室为例开展统计能量子系统识别研究,验证方法有效性;最后,对论文的工作进行总结。
本节首先介绍统计能量分析理论,进而从输入参数、识别算法、识别流程三方面出发,系统性地介绍结构统计能量子系统识别方法。
根据统计能量分析理论,子系统中包含了存在于同一部件中具有类似特征的模态,因此需要根据模态相似原则划分子系统。对于面内尺寸与厚度差异较大的薄壁结构,其高频振动以弯曲模态为主,因此分析时大多仅需考虑其弯曲模态子系统。
统计能量理论中包含了若干基本假设,CULLA等[22]和LE BOT等[23]对这些基本假设进行了总结归纳和数学性描述。有关统计能量分析子系统划分的假设主要包括:
(1) 模态相似性:对于各子系统,在给定频带内的各共振模态具有相同的模态能量密度;
(2) 高模态密度:在分析频带内子系统的模态密度足够高,一般要求分析频带内模态数目大于5;
(3) 弱耦合假设:两个耦合子系统间的功率流正比于两子系统间的实际能量差。
这些基本假设为本文的统计能量子系统识别提供了重要的理论依据。
(1) 构建模态能量矩阵
通过有限元法建立机械结构离散化分析模型,根据分析频率将系统离散为m个单元,并施加边界条件。在分析频段内进行模态分析,得到模态固有频率ωj、各单元对应的动能ekij和势能esij
ekij=12ωj2WijTMiWij
esij=12WijTKiWij
式中,Wij为第j阶模态下第i个单元的位移向量;MiKi分别对应第i个单元的质量和刚度矩阵。
j阶模态下第i个单元对应的总能量为:
eij=ekij+esij
进而,基于单元体积Vi可以计算得到单元模态能量密度:
eijd=eijVi
为满足统计能量分析中模态能量密度均一化的假设,需要对模态能量密度进行归一化处理。模态j的系统平均能量密度为:
E¯j=1mi=1meijd
模态j对应的能量密度方差表示为:
Sj2=1mi=1m(eijd-E¯j)2
可得归一化模态能量密度:
e˜ijd=eijd-E¯jSjm
最终得到归一化的模态能量密度矩阵E,其中矩阵元素Eij)表示第i个单元在第j阶模态对应的归一化模态能量密度。
(2) 构建降阶模态能量矩阵
由于高频范围内系统的模态密度高,矩阵E的维数较大,这可能会影响识别精度和效率,因此需要对其进行降阶分析。本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)可以将高维矩阵通过投影到低维矩阵空间中,实现降维分析的目的。为保证降维后信息的完整性,需要找到一组最佳正交基使得下式取最大值:
H(φ)=k=1n(ekφ)2φ2;k=1,2,,n
式中,ek为第k阶模态对应的归一化模态能量密度向量;φ为POD正交基。
式(8)变形得:
H(φ)=k=1n[(ekφ)2]-λ(φ2-1)
式中,λ为归一化模态能量密度矩阵E经过奇异值分解得到的特征值。
U={u1u2,…,un},对式(9)求偏导得:
H(φ)φ=2UUTφ-2λφ
Z=UUT,式(9)求最大值的问题就转化为求Z的特征值λ和特征向量φ的问题:
Zφ=λφ
对式(11)进行奇异值分解即可得Z的特征向量φ以及特征值λ。定义成分比:
I(R)=i=1Rλii=1nλi
式中,IR)表示前R个特征值对应特征向量的成分占总成分的比例,IR)越接近1,表示特征向量包含的信息越完整,求得的前R个特征值对应的特征向量就是POD最佳正交基φR
依照统计能量划分的基本原则,同一子系统内模态特征相似性是子系统划分的首要原则。因此,可以借助于聚类算法进行子系统识别。聚类分析根据数据样本内禀结构特征将其分割为几个团簇。常用的算法有分割聚类法、层次聚类法、密度聚类法等[24];其中层次聚类法根据数据点之间的相似度进行层次分解,如图1所示;进而,根据相似度从强到弱连接相应节点对,创建层次结构的嵌套聚类树,如图2所示,分析层次结构间的最大距离即可得到最合适的类别数目。例如,图2中数据对应的最佳类别数目为2。相比于K-means等非层次聚类方法,该方法无需提前定义类别数目,且计算稳定性较好。因此,本文选取层次聚类法作为机械结构统计能量分析子系统的识别算法。
样本点的距离度量方法和距离计算方法是开展聚类分析的关键因素之一。常用距离度量方法有最近距离法、最远距离法、中间距离法、重心距离法,以及欧式距离、曼哈顿距离、切比雪夫距离、马氏距离等距离计算方法[24]。为满足统计能量分析理论中模态相似性的基本假设,本文中作为聚类元素的模态能量都经过了归一化处理,采用平均距离法和相关距离开展聚类分析,单元mn能量密度向量间的相关距离可表示为:
d(xm,xn)=1-(xm-x¯m)(xn-x¯n)T(xm-x¯m)(xm-x¯m)T(xn-x¯n)(xn-x¯n)T
其中,
x¯m=(1Nm1jxmj)I
式中,I为单位矩阵。
本文发展的机械结构统计能量分析子系统自动识别方法计算流程如图3所示,分析步骤如下:
(1) 基于有限元法建立机械结构的离散化分析模型,并施加边界约束;
(2) 对结构在设定分析频段内开展模态分析,获得不同模态对应的单元模态能量密度,并对其进行归一化处理;
(3) 建立模态能量密度矩阵,通过本征正交分解对归一化模态能量的主要成分进行分析,获得降阶模态能量密度矩阵;
(4) 对降阶模态能量密度矩阵中的各元素进行层次聚类分析,绘制层次结构的嵌套聚类树;
(5) 分析层次结构中的最大相关距离,识别得到统计能量分析子系统的最佳数目及对应的单元。
为验证统计能量分析子系统辨识方法的准确性和有效性,本文选取典型T型结构、具有多子系统的工型结构和复杂的发动机燃烧室结构为例开展研究,并结合模态能量讨论识别结果的合理性。
图4所示,T形结构通常作为验证算例开展统计能量分析研究。结构各板厚度均为50 mm,在边界ΓD处设置固支约束。材料特性为弹性模量E=30 GPa,密度ρ=2400 kg/m3,泊松比υ=0.2。
将分析频段设置为[1120,1400] Hz,通过模态分析得到25阶模态,进而计算得到如图5所示的平均模态能量密度。由图5可知在分析频段内各阶模态能量密度存在显著差异,依照式(5)~(7)对结构的模态能量密度进行归一化处理。
对归一化模态能量密度矩阵进行本征正交分解,获得如图6所示的特征值贡献程度。前7个特征值的贡献大于80%。得到这些特征值对应的特征向量,构造降阶模态能量密度矩阵,其维数从168×25降至168×7。
对降阶后的模态能量密度矩阵进行聚类分析,获得各网格对应的层次结构,如图7所示。由相关距离分析结果可知,层级为3和层级为2之间的相关距离差最大,因此最佳子系统数量为3。
基于传统全阶模态能量分析和本文算法辨识得到的子系统分别如图8(a)和(b)所示。对于构型简单的T型结构,其子系统辨识结果与工程经验的分析结果一致。
本节以图9所示的典型工型结构为例开展研究,验证本文方法识别多个统计能量子系统的效果。该结构由5个部件构成,各板厚度均为50 mm,在边界ΓD处设置固支约束,材料参数同2.1节。
将分析频段设置为[1120,1400] Hz,模态分析获得42阶模态及如图10所示的平均模态能量密度,进而对结构模态能量密度进行归一化处理。
对归一化模态能量密度矩阵进行本征正交分解,获得如图11所示的特征值贡献程度。前8个特征值的贡献大于80%。得到这些特征值对应的特征向量,构造降阶模态能量密度矩阵,其维数从280×42降至280×8。
对降阶后的模态能量密度矩阵进行聚类分析,获得各网格对应的层次结构,如图12所示。由相关距离分析结果可知,层级为5和层级为4之间的相关距离差最大,因此最佳子系统数量为5。
基于传统全阶模态能量分析和本文算法辨识得到的子系统分别如图13(a)和(b)所示。对于含有多个子系统的工型结构,采用本文方法辨识得到的子系统与工程经验的分析结果一致,而传统算法辨识精度不足。这主要是由于复杂结构的有限元网格数量较多、在高频段模态密集,一些冗余信息容易导致聚类分析出现偏差,需要提取其中的关键或主要信息进行分析,因此本文提出的基于模态能量降阶分析的辨识方法具有更高的辨识精度。
本节针对如图14所示的发动机燃烧室结构开展研究。结构由GH3536制成,其弹性模量为E=205 GPa,密度ρ=8280 kg/m3,泊松比υ=0.3,在结构两端设置固支约束。分析结构几何特征可知结构由5部分组成,部件1、部件3和部件5的尺寸较大,而部件2和部件4作为连接段,与相邻部件的从属关系不明确,难以基于工程经验直接划分统计能量分析子系统。
设置分析频段为[3550,4500] Hz。通过模态分析得到14阶模态,其平均模态能量密度如图15所示,归一化后建立模态能量密度矩阵。
经过模态分析获得结构在分析频段内共14阶模态,通过本征正交分解可以得到特征值的贡献程度,如图16所示。前7个特征值的贡献大于80%。得到这些特征值对应的特征向量,构造降阶模态能量密度矩阵,维数从5580×14降到5580×7。
对降阶模态能量密度矩阵进行层次聚类分析,获得离散化网格对应的层次结构,如图17所示。由层次分析中相关距离分析结果可知,层级2与3之间的相关距离差最大,因此最佳子系统数量为3。
基于传统全阶模态能量分析和本文算法辨识得到的子系统分别如图18(a)和(b)所示。结果表明部件2与部件1、部件4与部件5间耦合关系较强,应归属同一子系统。而传统算法辨识得到的结果存在明显的偏差。
模态相似是划分子系统的首要准则,本文通过分析结构各阶模态的能量分布特性来验证子系统识别结果的合理性。基于商用有限元软件MSC.Nastran获取了结构各阶模态的能量分布特性,如表1所示。基于模态能量分布特性,将各阶次模态进行分类分析:
(1) 3693、3740 Hz所对应的模态能量分布具有显著的局部特性,对应了部件1的局部振动;
(2) 3824、3840、3872、3898 Hz所对应的模态对应了部件5的局部振动;
(3) 4084、4086、4252、4258、4408、4433 Hz对应的模态对应了部件3的局部振动;
(4) 4165、4190 Hz对应的模态属于部件1、部件2、部件3耦合作用;
(5) 由3693、3740 Hz的模态能量分布可知,部件2与部件1之间存在较强的耦合作用,应属于同一个子系统;
(6) 由3824、3840、3872 Hz的模态能量分布可知,部件4与部件5之间存在较强的耦合作用,应属于同一个子系统;
由此可见,部件1、部件2和部件3、部件4和部件5对应了燃烧室结构的三类振动特性,应划分为三个子系统。这与图18(b)所示的识别结果一致,验证了本文识别结果的合理性。
本文针对结构高频动力学分析模型建模问题开展研究,提出了一种基于降阶模态能量密度和层次聚类分析的统计能量分析子系统自动辨识方法,以T型结构、工型结构和复杂发动机燃烧室结构为例开展了算例研究,结合模态能量分布讨论了子系统识别结果的合理性。主要结论如下:
(1) 相比于传统K-means聚类方法等需要预先知道类数的方法,采用层次聚类分析可以清晰地辨识子系统的最优数量及组成单元;
(2) 相比于基于全阶模态能量分析的层次聚类算法,采用降阶模态能量作为子系统辨识的输入参数,可以提取模态能量的关键信息,从而显著提升子系统辨识精度。
本文针对发动机燃烧室结构这一工程结构开展了子系统识别研究。在后续的研究工作中,将开展更复杂工程结构的子系统辨识研究,进一步扩展子系统识别方法的适用范围。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52302514)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52125209)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52472377)
  • 中国科协青年人才托举工程资助项目(YESS20230551)
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2025年第38卷第7期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202306058
  • 接收时间:2023-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-27
  • 修回日期:2023-10-23
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52302514)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52125209)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52472377)
中国科协青年人才托举工程资助项目(YESS20230551)
作者信息
    1.东南大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211189
    2.高速飞行器结构与热防护教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京 211189

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费庆国(1977—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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