Article(id=1227591334970720667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691683200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-11, revisedDate=1704211200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610181800, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610181800, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610181800, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610181800, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1363, endPage=1377, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591335222378911, articleId=1227591334970720667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Research on vibration and noise characteristics and human comfort of the over-track building of large metro depot, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on a large depot project in Chongqing,the vibration and secondary noise characteristics and human comfort of the over-track buildings induced by metro operation in the depot are studied. The vibration characteristics of the depot are analyzed by field measurement. Combined with the numerical simulation method,the finite element model of the track-soil-depot-over-track buildings is established based on the metro-track coupling theory and the finite element theory. The vibration and secondary noise characteristics of the top buildings under train excitation are analyzed and evaluated. The combined annoyance model of vibration and secondary noise is constructed by combining psychology and fuzzy mathematics to analyze the human comfort,and the annoyance is used as the evaluation index. The results show that under the train operation,the vibration level of the throat area is the highest,and the vibration stability for different areas of the depot is as follows:the inner area > the throat area > the upper cover area. As the lateral propagation distance increases,the maximum Z vibration level of the platform decreases approximately linearly. The vibration peak of each building on the top is 12.5~20 Hz,and the main frequency band of secondary noise is 63~80 Hz. The vibration and secondary noise of each building attenuate with the increase of floors,but the vibration and secondary noise of residential building are amplified after 12 floors. The vibration of each building on the upper cover do not exceed the standard,but the secondary noise exceeds the standard in the commercial building,and the maximum exceeding value is 4.9 dB(A). The annoyance results obtained by the joint annoyance model are in good agreement with the standard evaluation results,but the annoyance can refine the influence of vibration and secondary noise on human comfort. The model calculation shows that although the first floor of the residential building meets the standard limit,the joint annoyance is above 0.6 at night,and the evaluation using the joint annoyance rate model is more demanding.

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本文依托重庆某大型车辆段上盖物业项目,对车辆段地铁运行诱发上盖建筑振动和二次噪声特性及人体舒适度进行了研究。通过现场实测分析车辆段振动特性,结合数值仿真法,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和有限元理论建立轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑有限元模型,分析列车激励下上盖建筑振动和二次噪声特性并进行评价;结合心理学和模糊数学法构建振动和二次噪声联合烦恼度模型,对上盖建筑室内人体舒适度进行分析,并以烦恼度作为评价指标进行评价。结果表明:列车运行下,咽喉区的振动水平最高,车辆段不同区域的振动稳定性表现为库内区>咽喉区>上盖区;随着横向传播距离增大,平台最大Z振级近似线性减小;上盖各建筑的振动主频均分布在12.5~20 Hz,二次噪声主频段在63~80 Hz,各建筑振动和二次噪声随楼层增加出现衰减,但需指出的是,住宅楼振动和二次噪声在12层后均出现放大现象;上盖各建筑振动均未超标,但商业楼二次噪声存在超标,最大超标值为4.9 dB(A);采用联合烦恼度模型得到的烦恼度结果与标准评价结果较为相符,但烦恼度能细化振动和二次噪声对人体舒适度的影响程度;模型计算发现,虽然住宅楼一楼满足标准限值,但夜间的振声联合烦恼度却超过0.6的烦恼阈值,会使人体感到不舒适,表明采用联合烦恼度模型进行评价要更加严格。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李松松(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LsDOcQkjH+tAVqEpEbUUlg==, magXml=isNlzGwD+hQcuF3pnpsR+g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BdV+S0DkpzfL+snfJGQ9Ug==, pdfFileSize=7254547, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=42ip8zEHaIYlu4F5Mdf6eA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R2cqhhbf/8qGRhJZwA/P4Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈兆玮(1988—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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陈兆玮(1988—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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陈兆玮(1988—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=Acceleration time-domain diagram of the observation points at the center of the residential building floors, figureFileSmall=pRbMbYSCsr7dVdAqvd1gpQ==, figureFileBig=kudmLSTwvi/SfUm9MShJZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654470478266551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图18, caption=住宅楼楼板中心观测点加速度时域图, figureFileSmall=pRbMbYSCsr7dVdAqvd1gpQ==, figureFileBig=kudmLSTwvi/SfUm9MShJZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654470583124156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 19, caption=Vibration acceleration level of observation points in the center of residential building floors, figureFileSmall=Ff5Zc4gzWr+DSNG15FsPIw==, figureFileBig=Yr4cnn1pcWbhhz8t66M1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654470658621631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图19, caption=住宅楼楼板中心观测点振动加速度级, figureFileSmall=Ff5Zc4gzWr+DSNG15FsPIw==, figureFileBig=Yr4cnn1pcWbhhz8t66M1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654471971438788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 20, caption=The maximum Z vibration level of each floor center observation point of residential building, figureFileSmall=tjoWK+3mMZrjuFFui0A9/w==, figureFileBig=3TjxlpZJNODSgoII/VuJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472076296391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图20, caption=住宅楼各楼板中心观测点最大Z振级, figureFileSmall=tjoWK+3mMZrjuFFui0A9/w==, figureFileBig=3TjxlpZJNODSgoII/VuJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472172765388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 21, caption=Secondary structural noise of each floor of residential building and commercial building, figureFileSmall=GqmVpNEvGd+L/xG8vzUE+g==, figureFileBig=Inw719Mw+fyI4YIsn1XEJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472269234384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图21, caption=住宅楼和商业楼各楼层二次结构噪声, figureFileSmall=GqmVpNEvGd+L/xG8vzUE+g==, figureFileBig=Inw719Mw+fyI4YIsn1XEJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472369897684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 22, caption=Comparison between maximum sound pressure level in frequency division and Z vibration level on different floors in residential building, figureFileSmall=yR73rUqiwluh7Zyq1jVLig==, figureFileBig=fm2yyR+JrZMfw6OrRR8YYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472428617945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图22, caption=住宅楼室内各楼层最大分频声压级与最大Z振级对比, figureFileSmall=yR73rUqiwluh7Zyq1jVLig==, figureFileBig=fm2yyR+JrZMfw6OrRR8YYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472508309727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 23, caption=The total sound pressure level of each observation point in the over-track buildings of the metro depot, figureFileSmall=oBEWvfkw7zlZ3ebv5z82+w==, figureFileBig=RMuLPxYOkIxmeVe5yb86+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472613167332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图23, caption=车辆段上盖建筑室内各观测点总声压级, figureFileSmall=oBEWvfkw7zlZ3ebv5z82+w==, figureFileBig=RMuLPxYOkIxmeVe5yb86+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472713830632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 24, caption=Vibration annoyance degree curve, figureFileSmall=pFYXW1AJJv50DuC//5++Ig==, figureFileBig=ckEJcSffiFaOH8QqKLibPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472789328107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图24, caption=振动烦恼度曲线, figureFileSmall=pFYXW1AJJv50DuC//5++Ig==, figureFileBig=ckEJcSffiFaOH8QqKLibPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472856436975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 25, caption=Secondary noise annoyance degree curve, figureFileSmall=NXxgYiN8jfGntutdBIPQAw==, figureFileBig=1WFZX5Kzdg3zSLoYvZQ77Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654472931934450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图25, caption=二次噪声烦恼度曲线, figureFileSmall=NXxgYiN8jfGntutdBIPQAw==, figureFileBig=1WFZX5Kzdg3zSLoYvZQ77Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473024209142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 26, caption=Annoyance degree of commercial building, figureFileSmall=SU7O6j9kO0aAOQaBkn3syQ==, figureFileBig=SvRm0CGLQKSY1RBMrI3czQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473120678139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图26, caption=商业楼烦恼度, figureFileSmall=SU7O6j9kO0aAOQaBkn3syQ==, figureFileBig=SvRm0CGLQKSY1RBMrI3czQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473200369918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 27, caption=Annoyance degree of residential building, figureFileSmall=TmxblH15x2dYlNWMSGwT1w==, figureFileBig=PlvhPSXpqgVipVfRrDJ5rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473296838913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图27, caption=住宅楼烦恼度, figureFileSmall=TmxblH15x2dYlNWMSGwT1w==, figureFileBig=PlvhPSXpqgVipVfRrDJ5rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473389113604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Fig. 28, caption=Comparison of evaluation results, figureFileSmall=nzU/+bVb1MJdsI/F58hxHw==, figureFileBig=agg706zU8KYl5rR2tOPLjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473443639557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=图28, caption=评价结果对比, figureFileSmall=nzU/+bVb1MJdsI/F58hxHw==, figureFileBig=agg706zU8KYl5rR2tOPLjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227654473502359816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Train-track dynamic parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
列车编组/节6车辆长度/m22.8
列车运行速度/(km·h-1)10车辆定距/m15.7
车体质量/kg22700转向架轴距/m2.5
构架质量/kg4280车轮滚动圆半径/m0.42
轮对质量/kg1860钢轨弹性模量/(N·m-2)2.06×1011
车体点头惯量/(t·m2)3449钢轨截面惯量/m43.22×10-5
构架点头惯量/(t·m2)1.306钢轨单位长度质量/(kg·m-1)60.64
一系悬挂刚度/(kN·mm-1)1230扣件间距/m0.6
一系悬挂阻尼/(N·m·s-1)2.14×106轨下胶垫刚度/(N·m-1)4.0×107
二系悬挂刚度/(kN·mm-1)265轨下胶垫阻尼/(N·s·m-1)3.0×104
二系悬挂阻尼(N·m·s-1)2.5×106
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473565274378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

列车-轨道动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
列车编组/节6车辆长度/m22.8
列车运行速度/(km·h-1)10车辆定距/m15.7
车体质量/kg22700转向架轴距/m2.5
构架质量/kg4280车轮滚动圆半径/m0.42
轮对质量/kg1860钢轨弹性模量/(N·m-2)2.06×1011
车体点头惯量/(t·m2)3449钢轨截面惯量/m43.22×10-5
构架点头惯量/(t·m2)1.306钢轨单位长度质量/(kg·m-1)60.64
一系悬挂刚度/(kN·mm-1)1230扣件间距/m0.6
一系悬挂阻尼/(N·m·s-1)2.14×106轨下胶垫刚度/(N·m-1)4.0×107
二系悬挂刚度/(kN·mm-1)265轨下胶垫阻尼/(N·s·m-1)3.0×104
二系悬挂阻尼(N·m·s-1)2.5×106
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473649160460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Signal acquisition equipment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器型号频率范围/Hz电荷灵敏度/(mV·g-1)量程/g测试项目布置位点
LC0106T振动传感器0.04~150010005轨枕/检查坑立柱垂向加速度轨枕/检查坑立柱上表面
LC0115T振动传感器0.1~150050001承重柱垂向加速度承重柱(离地0.3 m)
LC0130T振动传感器0.5~1000400000.12上盖平台垂向加速度上盖平台表面
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473724657934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

信号采集设备

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器型号频率范围/Hz电荷灵敏度/(mV·g-1)量程/g测试项目布置位点
LC0106T振动传感器0.04~150010005轨枕/检查坑立柱垂向加速度轨枕/检查坑立柱上表面
LC0115T振动传感器0.1~150050001承重柱垂向加速度承重柱(离地0.3 m)
LC0130T振动传感器0.5~1000400000.12上盖平台垂向加速度上盖平台表面
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473800155408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Over-track building vibration and secondary structure noise limits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑名称分类振动限值/dB二次噪声限值/dB(A) (昼/夜)
分频振级(昼/夜)Z振级(昼/夜)
住宅楼1类65/6270/6738/35
停车库2类70/6775/7241/38
商业楼2类70/6775/7241/38
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473871458579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

上盖建筑振动和二次结构噪声限值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑名称分类振动限值/dB二次噪声限值/dB(A) (昼/夜)
分频振级(昼/夜)Z振级(昼/夜)
住宅楼1类65/6270/6738/35
停车库2类70/6775/7241/38
商业楼2类70/6775/7241/38
), ArticleFig(id=1227654473963733271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of vibration peak acceleration and maximum vibration level in frequency division of measuring points in different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车次咽喉区库内区上盖平台
轨枕测点A1承重柱测点B1坑立柱测点A2承重柱测点B2平台测点C1平台测点C2
amax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dB
17.216980.70.142761.00.811069.90.040856.00.058158.90.067757.8
27.964585.30.141060.90.832970.30.042656.50.071862.10.081559.4
38.061481.50.161962.80.883771.10.045756.90.057359.00.081259.2
46.640878.40.146161.10.755968.70.038955.90.064261.10.063057.3
58.375982.60.158261.70.869270.60.041756.30.066260.70.084459.9
67.110980.40.138359.80.863170.80.038255.20.065361.40.080859.2
77.325281.50.150462.30.817569.70.044456.40.062761.10.061857.8
87.570580.80.144961.20.810969.50.042956.60.073162.40.080159.5
96.662078.80.132460.20.895671.50.041755.20.061960.30.074658.9
107.171780.40.154462.20.842371.00.043356.90.055358.20.067657.3
均值7.410080.640.147061.30.838270.30.042056.20.063460.50.074358.6
标准差0.58051.26070.00920.94110.04170.85820.00230.60380.00581.40930.00850.9776
变异系数0.07830.01560.06260.01530.04980.01220.05520.01070.09130.02330.11440.0167
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474043425047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同区域测点振动加速度峰值和最大分频振级对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车次咽喉区库内区上盖平台
轨枕测点A1承重柱测点B1坑立柱测点A2承重柱测点B2平台测点C1平台测点C2
amax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dBamax/(m·s-2)VLmax/dB
17.216980.70.142761.00.811069.90.040856.00.058158.90.067757.8
27.964585.30.141060.90.832970.30.042656.50.071862.10.081559.4
38.061481.50.161962.80.883771.10.045756.90.057359.00.081259.2
46.640878.40.146161.10.755968.70.038955.90.064261.10.063057.3
58.375982.60.158261.70.869270.60.041756.30.066260.70.084459.9
67.110980.40.138359.80.863170.80.038255.20.065361.40.080859.2
77.325281.50.150462.30.817569.70.044456.40.062761.10.061857.8
87.570580.80.144961.20.810969.50.042956.60.073162.40.080159.5
96.662078.80.132460.20.895671.50.041755.20.061960.30.074658.9
107.171780.40.154462.20.842371.00.043356.90.055358.20.067657.3
均值7.410080.640.147061.30.838270.30.042056.20.063460.50.074358.6
标准差0.58051.26070.00920.94110.04170.85820.00230.60380.00581.40930.00850.9776
变异系数0.07830.01560.06260.01530.04980.01220.05520.01070.09130.02330.11440.0167
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474131505436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

The structural parameters of the finite element model of track-soil-depot-over-track building group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称厚度/m弹性模量/MPa质量密度/(kg·m-3)泊松比
素填土105118000.401
强风化砂质泥岩2103624600.315
中风化砂质泥岩8175025600.240
楼板0.153600025000.250
上盖平台0.33600025000.250
结构柱3600025000.200
检查坑立柱4200025000.300
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474202808607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑群有限元模型结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称厚度/m弹性模量/MPa质量密度/(kg·m-3)泊松比
素填土105118000.401
强风化砂质泥岩2103624600.315
中风化砂质泥岩8175025600.240
楼板0.153600025000.250
上盖平台0.33600025000.250
结构柱3600025000.200
检查坑立柱4200025000.300
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474286694689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Fitting vibration attenuation equation for residential building

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层分布拟合曲线公式拟合度R2
1楼至12楼Z1=61.768-1.127F0.981
12楼至15楼Z2=44.224+0.334F0.987
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474345414945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

住宅楼振动衰减拟合公式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层分布拟合曲线公式拟合度R2
1楼至12楼Z1=61.768-1.127F0.981
12楼至15楼Z2=44.224+0.334F0.987
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474412523812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

The maximum Zvibration level of the over-track buildings (Unit:dB)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观测点最大Z振级超标情况(昼/夜)
住宅楼R160.2未超标(70/67)
R556.2未超标(70/67)
R951.6未超标(70/67)
R1348.5未超标(70/67)
R1549.2未超标(70/67)
停车库-F264.8未超标(75/72)
-F163.1未超标(75/72)
商业楼F165.5未超标(75/72)
F260.6未超标(75/72)
F356.9未超标(75/72)
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474475438375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

上盖建筑最大Z振级(单位:dB)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观测点最大Z振级超标情况(昼/夜)
住宅楼R160.2未超标(70/67)
R556.2未超标(70/67)
R951.6未超标(70/67)
R1348.5未超标(70/67)
R1549.2未超标(70/67)
停车库-F264.8未超标(75/72)
-F163.1未超标(75/72)
商业楼F165.5未超标(75/72)
F260.6未超标(75/72)
F356.9未超标(75/72)
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474542547243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Value of each parameter of annoyance degree model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑分类(xmin,xmax,a,b)(μ,σ)
振动二次噪声振动(昼)振动(夜)二次噪声(昼)二次噪声(夜)
商业楼(45,90,0.022,-1.000)(25,70,0.022,-0.556)(65,6)(62,3)(38,6)(35,3)
住宅楼(60,6)(57,3)(35,6)(32,3)
), ArticleFig(id=1227654474622239021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591334970720667, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

烦恼度模型各参数取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑分类(xmin,xmax,a,b)(μ,σ)
振动二次噪声振动(昼)振动(夜)二次噪声(昼)二次噪声(夜)
商业楼(45,90,0.022,-1.000)(25,70,0.022,-0.556)(65,6)(62,3)(38,6)(35,3)
住宅楼(60,6)(57,3)(35,6)(32,3)
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大型车辆段上盖建筑振动噪声特性及人体舒适度研究
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陈兆玮 1 , 李松松 1 , 徐鸿 2 , 尹镪 2 , 彭淞 1 , 万方爽 1 , 唐靖 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1363-1377
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1363-1377
大型车辆段上盖建筑振动噪声特性及人体舒适度研究
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陈兆玮1 , 李松松1 , 徐鸿2, 尹镪2, 彭淞1, 万方爽1, 唐靖1
作者信息
  • 1.重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074
  • 2.中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川 成都 610036
  • 陈兆玮(1988—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李松松(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
Research on vibration and noise characteristics and human comfort of the over-track building of large metro depot
Zhaowei CHEN1 , Songsong LI1 , Hong XU2, Qiang YIN2, Song PENG1, Fangshuang WAN1, Jing TANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanotronics and Metro Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China
  • 2.China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610036,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308024
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本文依托重庆某大型车辆段上盖物业项目,对车辆段地铁运行诱发上盖建筑振动和二次噪声特性及人体舒适度进行了研究。通过现场实测分析车辆段振动特性,结合数值仿真法,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和有限元理论建立轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑有限元模型,分析列车激励下上盖建筑振动和二次噪声特性并进行评价;结合心理学和模糊数学法构建振动和二次噪声联合烦恼度模型,对上盖建筑室内人体舒适度进行分析,并以烦恼度作为评价指标进行评价。结果表明:列车运行下,咽喉区的振动水平最高,车辆段不同区域的振动稳定性表现为库内区>咽喉区>上盖区;随着横向传播距离增大,平台最大Z振级近似线性减小;上盖各建筑的振动主频均分布在12.5~20 Hz,二次噪声主频段在63~80 Hz,各建筑振动和二次噪声随楼层增加出现衰减,但需指出的是,住宅楼振动和二次噪声在12层后均出现放大现象;上盖各建筑振动均未超标,但商业楼二次噪声存在超标,最大超标值为4.9 dB(A);采用联合烦恼度模型得到的烦恼度结果与标准评价结果较为相符,但烦恼度能细化振动和二次噪声对人体舒适度的影响程度;模型计算发现,虽然住宅楼一楼满足标准限值,但夜间的振声联合烦恼度却超过0.6的烦恼阈值,会使人体感到不舒适,表明采用联合烦恼度模型进行评价要更加严格。

地铁车辆段  /  上盖建筑  /  振动特性  /  二次噪声  /  人体舒适度

Based on a large depot project in Chongqing,the vibration and secondary noise characteristics and human comfort of the over-track buildings induced by metro operation in the depot are studied. The vibration characteristics of the depot are analyzed by field measurement. Combined with the numerical simulation method,the finite element model of the track-soil-depot-over-track buildings is established based on the metro-track coupling theory and the finite element theory. The vibration and secondary noise characteristics of the top buildings under train excitation are analyzed and evaluated. The combined annoyance model of vibration and secondary noise is constructed by combining psychology and fuzzy mathematics to analyze the human comfort,and the annoyance is used as the evaluation index. The results show that under the train operation,the vibration level of the throat area is the highest,and the vibration stability for different areas of the depot is as follows:the inner area > the throat area > the upper cover area. As the lateral propagation distance increases,the maximum Z vibration level of the platform decreases approximately linearly. The vibration peak of each building on the top is 12.5~20 Hz,and the main frequency band of secondary noise is 63~80 Hz. The vibration and secondary noise of each building attenuate with the increase of floors,but the vibration and secondary noise of residential building are amplified after 12 floors. The vibration of each building on the upper cover do not exceed the standard,but the secondary noise exceeds the standard in the commercial building,and the maximum exceeding value is 4.9 dB(A). The annoyance results obtained by the joint annoyance model are in good agreement with the standard evaluation results,but the annoyance can refine the influence of vibration and secondary noise on human comfort. The model calculation shows that although the first floor of the residential building meets the standard limit,the joint annoyance is above 0.6 at night,and the evaluation using the joint annoyance rate model is more demanding.

metro depot  /  over-track buildings  /  vibration characteristics  /  secondary noise  /  human comfort
陈兆玮, 李松松, 徐鸿, 尹镪, 彭淞, 万方爽, 唐靖. 大型车辆段上盖建筑振动噪声特性及人体舒适度研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1363 -1377 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308024
Zhaowei CHEN, Songsong LI, Hong XU, Qiang YIN, Song PENG, Fangshuang WAN, Jing TANG. Research on vibration and noise characteristics and human comfort of the over-track building of large metro depot[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1363 -1377 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308024
车辆段上盖建筑作为一种新型的城市交通建筑,具有节约土地、环保节能等优点,但也存在列车运行导致的建筑振动和二次噪声问题,并给长期暴露在建筑振动和二次结构噪声下的居民带来烦恼和不适[1-2]。随着人们对生活品质的要求不断提高,对建筑振动和噪声问题的关注也越来越高,因此,对大型车辆段上盖建筑的振动和二次结构噪声特性及人体舒适度进行研究,具有重要的现实意义。
国内外学者对于列车运行引发的建筑环境振动噪声问题进行了一系列研究[3-9]。这种环境振动噪声问题包括列车地面运行对沿线建筑的影响、地下隧道对地表建筑的影响以及行驶车辆段对上盖建筑的影响等。在列车运行对地面沿线建筑物的振动噪声问题研究中,LÓPEZ-MENDOZA等[10]基于边界元-有限元模型,提出了列车运行引起周边建筑物振动的预测公式,考虑了土层性质、建筑高度、列车速度和建筑物距离等因素,对沿线建筑振动特性进行了分析。洪俊青等[11]对地铁沿线建筑振动进行研究,发现不同土体的建筑振动规律基本一致,但不同的土层硬度会对建筑物的振动响应产生影响。宋琪[12]以北京轨道交通附近的某一古建筑为研究对象,理论分析了地铁列车振动影响下古建筑的动力响应特性。在地下隧道引起的地面建筑振动噪声的研究当中,ZHOU[13]采用数值分析的方法,分析了多线路重叠的隧道区域在列车运行下的环境振动响应规律,并对引起的环境振动控制提出了建议。马龙祥等[14]基于薄片有限元-无限元耦合模型,研究隧道中列车运行时地表的振动特性,发现列车运营引起隧道壁的纵向振动响应在1~100 Hz频段内较小。邬玉斌等[15]建立了隧道-土体-建筑-声场数值模型,对北京某轨道交通上方音乐厅开展了室内二次结构噪声研究。在车辆段引起的上盖建筑振动噪声研究中,汪益敏等[16]现场实测分析了咽喉区列车运行引起的环境和结构振动传播规律,发现振动在土体向结构传递时存在能量的耦合损失,尤其体现在50 Hz以上的高频段。SADEGHI等[17]将实测数据用于车致建筑的振动-声学模型的验证,研究建筑物结构参数及声学参数对二次结构噪声的影响。WANG等[18]采用现场实测和数值分析相结合的方法对列车出入车辆段时的上盖建筑振动特性进行分析。此外,谢伟平等[19]、LIU等[20]、KURZWEIL等[21]也展开了建筑振动和二次噪声的相关研究。
虽然国内外学者对建筑振动噪声特性进行了广泛的研究,但仍然存在一定的不足。首先,现有研究针对目标建筑主要集中在振动或二次噪声的单一特性方面,缺乏综合考量。其次,对车辆段上盖不同建筑类型的比较研究不够丰富,目前的研究往往只关注车辆段上盖某一种建筑类型的振动噪声特性,难以得出全面的结论。最后,现有的评价方法主要关注于建筑结构本身的振动和二次结构噪声,而对于人体舒适度方面的关注较少,尤其是联合振动和二次噪声对人体舒适度的研究。
本文依托于重庆市某大型车辆段工程,对上盖建筑振动噪声特性及人体舒适度进行综合性研究。首先通过现场实测分析了车辆段振动特性及车辆段不同区域的振动稳定性;其次建立大型车辆段有限元模型,对上盖建筑不同区域的振动噪声特性进行分析及综合评价,最后建立振动和二次噪声联合烦恼度模型,对不同功能区的上盖建筑室内人体舒适度进行分析。
重庆某大型车辆段长约750 m,宽约190 m。建筑总面积达16139 m2,上盖平台规划建设14座商业楼和12栋住宅楼,商业楼和住宅楼分别位于咽喉区正上方和库内区正上方,如图1所示。
该车辆段包括咽喉区、库内检修区和上盖区,咽喉区铺设有砟轨道,库内检修区为架空轨道,所运行的是6节编组的As型地铁列车,具体列车-轨道参数如表1所示。车辆段所在土体结构自上而下主要分为素填土(埋深0~10 m)、强风化砂质泥岩(埋深10~11.2 m)、中风化砂质泥岩(埋深11.2 m以下)。
测试车为6节编组的As型地铁,测试工况为沿11号股道出入库20趟。共设置两个测试断面,断面1为咽喉区,断面2为检修库,测点分布于车辆段咽喉区、库内区和上盖平台,上盖平台测点位于两断面测点正上方,采用表2所示的信号采集设备记录每趟列车通过时相应测点的垂向振动加速度,数据的采集和分析由DASP网络式智能采集仪完成,详细测点布置如图2所示。
针对列车运行引起的振动按照标准GB 10070—88[22]和JGJ/T 170—2009[23]进行评价,Z计权因子按照标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]进行设定。
针对车辆上盖建筑二次噪声,按照标准HJ 453—2018[24]给出的如下所示的室内二次噪声经验公式进行计算,并通过标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]给定的限值进行评价:
Lp,i=Lv,i+10lgγ-10lgH-20+10lgT60
式中,Lp,i为中心频率i下的室内空间最大1/3倍频声压级;Lv,i为频率i下的楼板中央1/3倍频程垂向速度级,参考速度为1×10-9 m/s;γ为声辐射效率;H为房间平均高度;T60为室内混响时间。
根据车辆段实际情况,将车辆段上盖各类建筑的振动和二次结构噪声容许值进行分类取值,如表3所示。
对各测点的振动特性进行分析,时频图如图3所示。从时域图可以看出,轨枕(检查坑立柱)测点的振动加速度与承重柱测点的振动加速度相比,出现骤减现象,而上盖平台两测点的振动加速度峰值接近;由于制作材料以及结构形状的差异,车辆段不同区域结构的振动主频也存在一定不同:咽喉区轨枕和承重柱的振动主频差异较小,大致集中在45~60 Hz;而库内区检查坑立柱和承重柱的振动主频差异较大,分别在50 Hz和100 Hz左右;上盖平台两测点的振动主频也存在一定差异,分别在30 Hz和55 Hz左右。
表4收集了其中10趟列车单向入库时各测点的振动加速度峰值和最大分频振级数据,并列出各测点振动加速度峰值和最大分频振级的均值、标准差及变异系数。其中变异系数的计算公式为:
CV=KX¯×100%
式中,CV为描述数据离散程度的变异系数;K为样本标准差;X¯为样本平均值。
从加速度峰值均值和最大分频振级均值可以看出,振动从轨枕(检查坑立柱)传递至承重柱时的衰减明显大于承重柱传递至上盖平台,甚至在断面2处上盖平台的振动出现放大现象,出现这一现象的原因可能是振动在传递过程中,大部分被地基所吸收,而上盖平台受多个承重柱振动波的叠加,使平台振动被放大。
图4给出其中10趟车次下各断面处测点的最大Z振级对比图,可以看出,咽喉区的振动幅度明显高于库内区,主要由于咽喉区存在较多道岔及钢轨接头,使行驶列车产生较大的轮轨冲击力。
对比10趟车次下各区域的振动加速度峰值和最大分频振级的变异系数,分析不同区域的振动稳定性,如图5所示。不管从加速度峰值还是最大分频振级来看,列车在车辆段运行的振动稳定性均表现出上盖平台<咽喉区<库内区,造成这一现象的原因可能有两点:①上盖平台处于开阔型区域,受外部环境激扰的因素较多;②咽喉区存在较复杂的路况,例如道岔、小半径曲线等。
本文首先建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型获取列车扣件力,然后通过有限元理论在ANSYS有限元平台建立轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑群有限元模型,再将扣件力输入有限元模型进行求解获得各目标测点的振动加速度;通过实测数据验证有限元模型的合理性,再分析上盖不同功能建筑的振动和二次噪声特性,并根据相关评价标准对目标区域超标情况进行评价,最后采用烦恼度指标参考现有的舒适度评价方法建立振动和二次噪声联合烦恼度模型,对车辆段地铁运行下商业楼和住宅楼两种不同功能区域的舒适度进行分析。具体研究流程如图6所示。
基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论[25],建立列车-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,如图7所示,图中,v表示车辆行驶速度;McMt分别为车体、转向架质量;JcJt分别为车体、转向架点头惯量;CszCpz分别为一系悬挂、二系悬挂阻尼;ZcZtii=1,2)、Zwii=1,2,3,4)分别为车体、转向架、轮对垂向位移;KszKpz分别为一系悬挂、二系悬挂刚度;βcβtii=1,2) 分别为车体、转向架点头角;KpiCpi分别为轨下垫层刚度、阻尼;KbiCbi分别为轨枕-道床连接刚度、阻尼;KwiCwi分别为床间连接刚度、阻尼;KfiCfi分别为道床-地基连接刚度、阻尼;ZtZsZb分别为钢轨垂向位移、轨枕垂向位移、道床垂向位移。
列车考虑为多刚体结构,各刚体采用等效弹簧阻尼元件连接,考虑车体及转向架的点头和沉浮自由度以及轮对的沉浮自由度,每节列车共计10个自由度;钢轨考虑为离散支撑的欧拉梁;轨枕和道床考虑为质量;扣件等效为线弹性弹簧阻尼元件;各结构间采用等效弹簧阻尼元件连接。采用Hertz非线性接触理论求解轮轨垂向作用力,考虑轨道不平顺的影响,将其等效为轮轨间的弹性变形量[26]
基于有限元理论,在ANSYS有限元分析平台中建立轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑群有限元模型,其中建模及计算遵循以下原则:
(1)道床建模过程中,咽喉区碎石道床考虑为离散的质量块;库内区建立检查坑立柱模型。
(2)单元类型选取:土体和检查坑立柱采用三维实体单元SOLID45模拟;碎石道床采用MASS21模拟,并通过弹簧阻尼单元与相邻结构进行连接;上盖平台、停车库楼板和建筑楼板均采用壳单元SHELL63模拟;各建筑结构柱采用梁单元BEAM188模拟。
(3)各部分间采用共节点的方式建模,商业楼一层结构柱与上盖平台表面建立刚性域实现两部分耦合。
(4)根据实际勘察的土质深度分布情况,在土体建模时进行分层处理,各土层厚度取值如表5所示。
(5)网格尺寸选取:根据相关文献[27],建议有限元建模网格划分的离散单元尺寸应小于弹性介质的最小剪切波长的1/6以保证计算精度,取网格尺寸为0.3 m。
(6)加载形式及求解方法:将列车-轨道耦合动力学模型所计算的扣件力以移动载荷的方式施加在模型上,采用瞬态分析法,每0.6 m布置一个加载点;采用隐式积分Newmark法求解该有限元模型,本文研究的环境振动所关心的频率为1~200 Hz,故积分步长设置为0.002 s,总计95000步。
(7)考虑到边界反射对模型计算精度的影响,参照文献[28-29]对土体下表面及四周建立1 m厚的黏弹性实体单元。
(8)具体建模参数详见表5
采用上述建模原则建立的轨道-土体-车辆段-上盖建筑群有限元模型如图8所示。
为验证有限元模型的准确性,选取咽喉区实测结果与相同测点位置的仿真结果进行对比,结果如图9所示。
图9(a)加速度时域图来看,列车通过测点A1和A2的仿真和实测的加速度幅值大部分接近,且加速度变化趋势较为吻合;从分频振级图来看,仿真得出的轨枕、承重柱和上盖平台的振动主频分别在50、50和25 Hz附近,与图3(b)的实测结果吻合,且实测和仿真的最大分频振级也接近。由于模型的简化及未充分考虑土体的非线性因素,导致该模型在8 Hz以下及100 Hz以上的频带与实测结果间存在差异,但仿真与实测的加速度幅值、结构振动主频和最大振级均较为吻合,因此认为该模型能用于地铁列车诱发车辆段上盖建筑振动和二次结构噪声的分析研究。
基于有限元模型计算结果,对断面1、2处目标建筑进行振动特性分析,土体-车辆段-上盖建筑三维模型示意图如图10所示,主要分析内容有:(1)上盖平台振动横向传播规律;(2)商业楼振动特性;(3)住宅楼振动特性。
图11所示,选取断面1处上盖平台观测点P1至P5,其中P1位于11号股道中心线正上方,各观测点水平间距为10 m。
图12(a)和(b)可以看出,上盖平台振动加速度随横向距离增加呈衰减趋势;上盖平台振动主频在20 Hz附近,测点P1至P5的最大分频振级分别为59.6、56.6、53.0、49.9、45.1 dB;在12.5 Hz以下频段振动传递表现出一定的离散性,但在12.5~125 Hz频段,振动表现出随横向距离增加而减小的趋势;对各观测点的最大Z振级和加速度峰值进行拟合分析,如图12(c)所示,可以看出随横向距离的增加,最大Z振级近似线性衰减,加速度峰值近似指数衰减。
目标商业楼拟建于断面1咽喉区的11号股道正上方,共3层,观测点F1至F3均设置在各层楼楼板中心处,如图11所示。由图13可知,商业楼1至3楼楼板中心处振动加速度峰值分别为0.0578、 0.0307、 0.0225 m/s2,表现出随着楼层的增高,振动逐渐减小的趋势。
图14给出各层商业楼楼板中心观测点处振动加速度级,可知商业楼各层楼板的振动主频在12.5~16 Hz频段,振动衰减主要在12.5 Hz以上频段,在25~80 Hz频段振动衰减较快,最大衰减量出现在50 Hz处,衰减量达19.2 dB;各楼层楼板的最大分频振级分别为60.1 dB(12.5 Hz)、54.9 dB(12.5 Hz)、51.3 dB(16 Hz)。
目标建筑拟建于库内检修区的11号股道上方,包括2层停车库及15层住宅楼,具体观测点布置如图15所示,其中停车库观测点在股道中心线正上方,住宅楼观测点位于楼板中心处。
根据图1617的测点时频图发现,负2层停车库测点振动加速度峰值为0.0464 m/s2,负1层停车库测点振动加速度峰值为0.0351 m/s2,表明振动向上传递发生衰减;该停车库负1层和负2层的振动主频均集中在12.5 Hz附近,分频振级峰值分别为59.6 dB(12.5 Hz)和58.0 dB(12.5 Hz);整体来看振动衰减幅度较小,考虑是停车库存在较多支撑柱导致结构总体刚度增加的原因。
图18给出住宅楼各观测点的振动加速度时域图,可以看出,住宅楼1楼的振动加速度最大,加速度峰值达到0.0240 m/s2,且随着楼层的升高,振动加速度表现出先减小后增大的趋势。从图19给出的各楼板中心观测点振动加速度级发现,住宅楼楼板的振动主频在16 Hz附近;振动衰减主要发生在5 Hz以上,尤其在80 Hz以上的频段振动衰减较为明显,但在小于4 Hz的低频段,住宅楼的振动随着层高的增加出现放大的现象,可能是由于低频波长较长,导致振动波传递到顶层经过反射叠加使得该频段的振动被放大。
为更好地了解住宅楼振动传递规律,对所有楼层楼板中心处的最大Z振级进行拟合分析,如图20所示,可以看出,最大Z振级从1楼开始随着楼层升高而衰减,振动衰减至第12楼时达到最低,大小为48.2 dB,随后振动出现放大现象,这可能是由于振动在向上传递时,建筑顶部没有继续传递和消耗振动的结构,振动波在顶部不断叠加导致的。
表6给出各楼层最大Z振级的拟合曲线表达式,其中1至12楼楼板和12至15楼楼板最大Z振级衰减拟合公式的拟合度分别为0.981和0.987,拟合程度高。根据拟合公式,振动在自1楼向12楼传递时振动衰减率为1.127 dB/楼;自12楼向15楼传递时,振动增加率为0.334 dB/楼;住宅楼中最大Z振级的振动预测范围为48.2~60.5 dB。
从分频振级的评价角度看,车辆段上盖建筑振动均符合标准。表7列出各建筑观测点的最大Z振级的超标情况,可知目标上盖建筑振动均未超标。
根据标准HJ 453—2018[24]给出的预测公式对商业楼、住宅楼进行二次结构噪声预测分析。
根据建筑结构尺寸,考虑住宅楼层高H=3 m,室内混响时间T60=0.8 s;商业楼1楼层高H=5 m,室内混响时间T60=1 s,2楼和3楼层高H=3 m,室内混响时间T60=0.8 s;通常楼板振动卓越频率时声辐射效率γ≈1。住宅楼和商业楼二次噪声预测结果如图21所示,可以看出A计权后的声压级主频集中在50~100 Hz。其中,商业楼的最大声压级出现在80 Hz处,1~3层的最大声压级大小依次为38.3、35.2和31.9 dB(A),随着层高增加,商业楼二次结构噪声衰减体现在大部分频段;住宅楼的最大声压级出现在63 Hz处,大小在23.0~30.3 dB(A)之间,住宅楼二次噪声衰减主要发生在50 Hz以上频段。
图22所示,分析住宅楼每层的最大分频声压级,随着楼层的增加,住宅楼的二次结构噪声变化趋势和最大Z振级的变化趋势相似,均表现出先衰减后在顶层放大的现象。
通过标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]给出的二次结构噪声限值,评价上盖建筑二次结构噪声的超标情况,结果如图23所示。可知商业楼1楼和3楼均出现二次噪声超标的情况,昼间和夜间的最大噪声超标量分别为1.9和4.9 dB(A),均发生在商业楼1楼;住宅楼并未出现二次结构噪声超标。造成这种现象的原因可能是商业楼直接建立于上盖平台,振动通过平台结构直接传递至商业楼,而住宅楼下方建有两层车库,受车库的结构影响,一定程度上会使传递至住宅楼的振动产生衰减,导致住宅楼未超标而商业楼超标,但夜间住宅楼1楼二次噪声虽未超标却也濒临超标,可以看出,相比结构振动来说,二次结构噪声更容易出现超标的情况。
相比基于物理指标(如Z振级和dB(A))的振动和二次噪声评价,选择烦恼度来评估人体舒适度能更直接地反映个体对环境的主观感受和情绪状态。烦恼度是个体对于特定烦恼事件的认知程度和情绪反应强度,但烦恼的具体程度表现出不确定性,体现在概念不明确导致的模糊性及个体对外界刺激敏感度差异呈现的随机性[30],准确反映烦恼度情况需综合考虑这两方面的因素。本节将考虑人体对外界刺激的随机性和模糊性,将振动和二次噪声作为输入,建立振声联合烦恼度模型,对列车运行导致的车辆段上盖建筑室内烦恼度进行计算和评价。
国内外研究[31-32]揭示了人的主观感受量与物理刺激量的对数成正比,即Weber-Fechner定律,该定律用隶属度描述人对外界刺激的感受量。另外,文献[33-35]得出振级或声压级与人的烦恼隶属度之间服从正比或近似正比关系,因此,可利用模糊数学方法建立人主观感受量对外部环境刺激量的基本隶属度函数,反映个体对外部刺激的模糊性:
V(x)=ax+b,xminxxmax
式中,Vx)为烦恼的基本隶属度函数,取值为[0,1],0表示没有烦恼,1表示无法忍受的烦恼;x为对应的外部环境物理刺激大小,在目前的交通环境振声评价中,计权振级和声压级是最常用的主观感觉量描述指标,故本文将两者作为烦恼率函数中的基本变量;xmaxxmin为人体能感知的振动或二次噪声水平的上、下限阈值;待定系数ab可根据上、下限阈值代入下式求出:
{axmin+b=0axmax+b=1
此外相关研究也发现,人对振动或噪声的主观感受量服从或近似服从正态分布[35-36],故采用正态分布函数来反映个体对外界刺激的随机性:
F(x)=12πσ2e-(x-μ)22σ2
式中,μ为受外部刺激的期望值,本文表示为建筑振动期望值或二次噪声期望值;σ为标准差。μσ在不同类型环境下的取值会有所变化。
考虑个体对外部刺激的模糊性和随机性,将基本隶属度函数和正态分布函数进行耦合,建立烦恼度模型:
A(x)=xminxmaxF(x)V(x)dx, xminxxmax
式中,Ax)为在建筑振动或二次噪声刺激下人体的烦恼度。
参考标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]中的振动和二次噪声限值,确定振动和二次噪声的上、下限阈值,其中,振动期望取值低于该区域规定的昼、夜间限值5 dB,二次噪声期望取值低于该区域规定的昼、夜间限值3 dB;标准差σ经验取值昼间为6,夜间为3。表8列出了各区域建筑的烦恼度模型参数的具体取值情况。将参数代值后的烦恼度模型进行归一化处理,绘制出住宅楼和商业楼昼、夜间的振动和二次噪声烦恼度曲线,如图2425所示。
根据振动和二次噪声烦恼度模型,建立振声联合烦恼度模型[37],如下式所示:
S(u,v)=αA2(u)+βA2(v);0α1,0β1
式中,Au)为对应振动烦恼度;Av)为对应二次噪声烦恼度;αβ为烦恼度修正系数,本文默认两者取值均为1。
参考心理学中的方法[3136],将烦恼度划分为6个等级,0≤A<0.2:几乎无烦恼;0.2≤A<0.4:有点烦恼;0.4≤A<0.6:比较烦恼;0.6≤A<0.8:很烦恼;0.8≤A<1:非常烦恼;A=1:无法忍受的烦恼。借鉴心理学评价方法[3638],将烦恼阈值设置为0.6,超过烦恼阈值的室内环境可能会对居住者舒适性产生负面影响。
图2627给出了上盖建筑不同楼层的烦恼度,发现该车辆段列车运行产生的结构振动所引发的烦恼基本处于“几乎无烦恼”等级,但二次噪声在夜间会使在整栋商业楼以及住宅楼1楼的人出现“很烦恼”的感受,这表明在相同条件激励下,上盖建筑引发的二次噪声对人体产生的烦恼感比结构振动要高,同一水平下的激励夜间更容易发生烦恼;此外,商业楼和住宅楼1楼白天噪声烦恼度均大于0.6,会对这片区域居民的日常生活造成影响,超过阈值需要采取相应的减振降噪措施进行治理;而夜间除了整栋商业楼和住宅楼1楼的烦恼度超过0.6外,住宅楼5楼临界“比较烦恼”水平;相比上盖建筑振动和二次噪声在标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]中的评价结果,住宅楼首层的联合烦恼度及噪声烦恼度均超过烦恼阈值0.6,表明采用烦恼度模型进行评价要更加严格;通过分析图2627还发现,联合评价比单一评价下的烦恼度结果更高。
为了进一步验证该模型的合理性,将烦恼度模型的结果与标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]中振动和二次噪声限值得到的评价结果(超过标准限值取值为1,未超过标准限值取值为0)进行对比,如图28所示。可以看出0.6的烦恼阈值下的烦恼度模型评价结果与标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]的评价结果基本吻合,可体现该模型的准确性,但相比标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23],该模型还能更加细化地描述出烦恼的超标程度,以便针对超标量采取相对应的措施。
本文依托四公里车辆段项目,结合现场实测和数值仿真,研究了车辆段及上盖建筑的振动和二次结构噪声特性,采用现有标准进行环境评价,并使用烦恼度指标对上盖建筑室内人体舒适度进行分析和评价。得到以下主要结论:
(1)车辆段各区域在列车运行下的振动稳定性存在差异,表现为库内区最稳定,上盖区稳定性最差,咽喉区次之。处于不稳定的振动环境下可能对人的感受和设备的运行或测量精度造成不同程度的影响。
(2)车辆段列车运行引发的上盖建筑振动在上盖建筑不同区域的振动量虽然不同,但均属于微振动范畴;从频域上看,振动主频主要分布在12.5~20 Hz的低频段;从传递规律来看,振动和二次结构噪声随楼层增加存在衰减现象,但住宅楼顶部存在放大现象。
(3)车辆段地铁运行时上盖各建筑振动均满足标准JGJ/T 170—2009[23]限值要求,但二次结构噪声出现超标情况,最大超标量达4.9 dB(A),表明建筑的二次结构噪声比振动更易超标,在进行环境评价时要着重考虑二次噪声的影响。
(4)相同条件下,二次结构噪声比振动更易引起人体烦恼,且在夜间更加突出,在振动和二次结构噪声联合作用下人体更容易出现烦恼等级超标的情况,建议在进行环境评价时,可考虑结合人体舒适度进行综合评价,使整个评价工作更加全面且贴合实际。
(1)考虑本文仅对建筑楼各楼层的振动、二次结构噪声和烦恼度进行研究,可能因楼层位置不同导致结果存在差异性,后续工作可针对不同楼板位置的振动、二次结构噪声和烦恼度的分布情况进行更加细致化的分析。
(2)从文中的评价结果可以看出二次结构噪声和烦恼度存在超标的现象,后续考虑展开针对超标量采取合理减振降噪措施的研究工作。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52008067)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1193)
  • 四川省科技计划资助项目(2021YFG0211)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900719)
  • 重庆市建设科技项目(城科字2022第4-6)
  • 富水砂卵石及复合地层减振降噪机理及措施综合技术研究项目(ZH471-2019-091)
  • 地铁隧道环境振动快速预测分析计算平台项目(KDNQ212068)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308024
  • 接收时间:2023-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-11
  • 修回日期:2024-01-03
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52008067)
重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1193)
四川省科技计划资助项目(2021YFG0211)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900719)
重庆市建设科技项目(城科字2022第4-6)
富水砂卵石及复合地层减振降噪机理及措施综合技术研究项目(ZH471-2019-091)
地铁隧道环境振动快速预测分析计算平台项目(KDNQ212068)
作者信息
    1.重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074
    2.中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川 成都 610036

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李松松(1997—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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