Article(id=1227591334173802896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694361600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-11, revisedDate=1701878400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610181610, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610181610, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610181610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610181610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591330579284357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='7', pageStart='1363', pageEnd='1644', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610180719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610389679, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592206953935679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591330579284357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1432, endPage=1440, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591334651953559, articleId=1227591334173802896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Non-stationary analytic solution of the stochastic Bagley-Torvik equation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Bagley-Torvik(B-T) equation is a differential equation of motion with fractional (3/2)-order derivative terms that is applied to describe the motion of a rigid plate in Newtonian,viscous fluid. In this paper,we develop non-stationary analytic solutions of the B-T equation whose inhomogeneous term is a stochastic process. The B-T equation is transformed into a half-order state-space equation in matrix form and eigen-analysis is performed to obtain complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Subsequently,the generalized coordinate transformation is introduced to decouple the equation into a system of independent 1/2-order differential equations which are solved by Laplace transform to obtain the solution in generalized coordinates; The generalized coordinate solution is converted into a natural coordinate solution to obtain the impulse or step response function. When the inhomogeneous term of the equation is a stochastic process,the Laplace transform can be used to derive the time-varying frequency response function from which the analytical solution of the non-stationary stochastic response can be obtained by relying on the relationship between the excitation and the response power spectral density. The correctness of the method is verified by numerical cases using the Spanos-Solomos fully non-statoionary stochastic excitation as an example.

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Bagley-Torvik(B-T)方程是一种带分数(3/2)阶导数项的运动微分方程,被应用于描述刚性板在牛顿流体中的振动状态。发展非齐次项为随机过程的B-T方程非平稳解析解,将B-T方程转化为矩阵形式的半阶状态空间方程并进行特征分析,得到复特征值和特征向量;引入广义坐标变换将方程解耦为独立的1/2阶微分方程组,并利用Laplace变换求解得到广义坐标下的解;将广义坐标解转换为自然坐标解,得到脉冲或阶跃响应函数的解析解。方程非齐次项为随机过程时,可利用Laplace变换求解时变频响函数,并基于激励与响应功率谱密度之间的关系得到非平稳随机响应解析解。以Spanos-Solomos完全非平稳随机激励为例,通过数值案例验证方法的正确性。

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洪旭(1993—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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孔凡(1984—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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孔凡(1984—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

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随机Bagley-Torvik方程的非平稳解析解
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孔凡 1 , 许伊键 1 , 郭文杰 2 , 洪旭 1 , 曹鸿猷 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(7): 1432-1440
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(7): 1432-1440
随机Bagley-Torvik方程的非平稳解析解
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孔凡1 , 许伊键1, 郭文杰2, 洪旭1 , 曹鸿猷3
作者信息
  • 1.合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 2.华东交通大学交通运输工程学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 3.武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 孔凡(1984—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

洪旭(1993—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Non-stationary analytic solution of the stochastic Bagley-Torvik equation
Fan KONG1 , Yijian XU1, Wenjie GUO2, Xu HONG1 , Hongyou CAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China
  • 2.School of Transportation Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309028
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Bagley-Torvik(B-T)方程是一种带分数(3/2)阶导数项的运动微分方程,被应用于描述刚性板在牛顿流体中的振动状态。发展非齐次项为随机过程的B-T方程非平稳解析解,将B-T方程转化为矩阵形式的半阶状态空间方程并进行特征分析,得到复特征值和特征向量;引入广义坐标变换将方程解耦为独立的1/2阶微分方程组,并利用Laplace变换求解得到广义坐标下的解;将广义坐标解转换为自然坐标解,得到脉冲或阶跃响应函数的解析解。方程非齐次项为随机过程时,可利用Laplace变换求解时变频响函数,并基于激励与响应功率谱密度之间的关系得到非平稳随机响应解析解。以Spanos-Solomos完全非平稳随机激励为例,通过数值案例验证方法的正确性。

随机振动  /  分数阶导数  /  Bagley-Torvik方程  /  完全非平稳  /  Mittag-Leffler函数

The Bagley-Torvik(B-T) equation is a differential equation of motion with fractional (3/2)-order derivative terms that is applied to describe the motion of a rigid plate in Newtonian,viscous fluid. In this paper,we develop non-stationary analytic solutions of the B-T equation whose inhomogeneous term is a stochastic process. The B-T equation is transformed into a half-order state-space equation in matrix form and eigen-analysis is performed to obtain complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Subsequently,the generalized coordinate transformation is introduced to decouple the equation into a system of independent 1/2-order differential equations which are solved by Laplace transform to obtain the solution in generalized coordinates; The generalized coordinate solution is converted into a natural coordinate solution to obtain the impulse or step response function. When the inhomogeneous term of the equation is a stochastic process,the Laplace transform can be used to derive the time-varying frequency response function from which the analytical solution of the non-stationary stochastic response can be obtained by relying on the relationship between the excitation and the response power spectral density. The correctness of the method is verified by numerical cases using the Spanos-Solomos fully non-statoionary stochastic excitation as an example.

random vibration  /  fractional derivative  /  Bagley-Torvik equation  /  fully non-stationary  /  Mittag-Leffler function
孔凡, 许伊键, 郭文杰, 洪旭, 曹鸿猷. 随机Bagley-Torvik方程的非平稳解析解. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1432 -1440 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309028
Fan KONG, Yijian XU, Wenjie GUO, Xu HONG, Hongyou CAO. Non-stationary analytic solution of the stochastic Bagley-Torvik equation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (7) : 1432 -1440 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309028
Bagley-Torvik(以下简称为B-T)方程是一种带3/2分数阶导数项的微分方程,由BAGLEY和TORVIK提出[1],用于描述刚性板在牛顿流体中的振动状态。注意到分数阶导数在描述材料力学性能方面有巨大的优势[2],然而,由于其记忆特性,分数阶微分方程的求解过程相较整数阶方程更为困难。
人们发展了若干求解确定性B-T方程的解析和数值方法。PODLUBNY[3]推导了以无穷级数表示的格林函数,得到了该方程在确定性外力作用下的响应;SRIVASTAVA等[4]利用同伦分析方法(homotopy analysis method,HAM)得到了与PODLUBNY一致的结果;JENA等[5]利用Sumudu变换得到几种特殊激励作用下方程的精确解,与已知理论解对比验证了该方法的正确性;黄潇等[6]基于Laplace变换给出了几类特殊分数阶微分方程的级数解;TRINKS等[7]通过无记忆化方法(memory-free formulation)将分数阶导数转化为整数导数并利用Newmark算法得到了B-T方程的数值解;WANG等[8]利用Mittag-Leffler表示的指数函数给出了B-T方程的通解。此外,研究者们还尝试使用神经网络求解B-T方程。RAJA等[9]结合模式搜索技术与遗传算法求解了确定性荷载作用下的数值解;胡行华等[10]尝试用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)-Chebyshev神经网络求解该方程。此外,其他方法还包括Laplace变换[11]、积分变换法[12]、广义泰勒配点法[13]等。虽然已有众多方法可应用于求解该方程,但多数情况均为数值解、近似解或以无穷级数表示的复杂形式精确解析解,仅少数特例情况下能获得简单的精确解析解。
工程动力系统往往处于随机激励作用之下,然而,目前很少有研究者关注随机激励作用下B-T方程的解。分数阶随机动力系统的求解方法包括数值解法[14]、随机平均法[15]、无记忆化方法[16]、半解析方法[17]等。然而,这些方法存在数值误差或由于各种假设导致无法获得精确解析解。孔凡等[19]基于SUAREZ等[18]的研究,在随机振动频域法的框架下利用时变频响函数的概念和Laplace变换技术得到了均匀调制非平稳激励作用下含1/2阶分数阶导数项的随机动力系统的非平稳响应解析解。然而,该方法仅考虑分数阶导数为1/2的情况特殊情形,未能将分数阶导数扩展到大于1的状况;此外,如何得到完全非平稳激励作用下分数阶系统的随机动力响应的解析解仍是一个未解问题。
本文提出随机B-T方程的一种非平稳解析解。为此,须首先得到确定性B-T方程的脉冲响应函数,通过以下步骤获得:将B-T方程改写为空间状态方程并进行特征值分析;引入特征矩阵的广义坐标变换将B-T方程解耦,得到关于广义坐标的4个独立的半阶微分方程并利用Laplace变换求解;将广义坐标变换为自然坐标,即可得到齐次以及非齐次项为特殊函数(阶跃和脉冲函数)时B-T方程的解析解。它是一种有限项求和的解析解,可视为已知无穷级数解[3]的特殊形式。在确定脉冲响应的基础上,结合Laplace变换,推导非齐次项为完全非平稳激励作用时方程的均方解析解,与蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法或已知精确解法所得结果的对比验证了所提出方法的正确性。
Bagley-Torvik方程:
mx¨(t)+2AμρD3/2x(t)+kx(t)=f(t)
常用于描述刚性板在牛顿流体中的运动状态。式中,m表示质量;k表示刚度;D表示导数运算符;A为板的面积;μ为流体黏度;ρ为流体密度;f表示外部荷载;xx¨分别表示响应位移和加速度。分数阶导数定义为:
DC3/2[x(t)]=1Γ(2-3/2)0tx¨(t-τ)τ1/2dτ
式中,下标“C”表示Caputo定义;τ表示0到t之间的积分变量;Γ为伽马函数。令c=2Aμρ并将式(1)改写为状态空间形式[20]
BD1/2z(t)-Az(t)=F(t)
其中,
z(t)=[x(t)D1/2x(t)Dx(t)D3/2x(t)]T
F(t)=[f(t)000]T
B=[00cm0cm0cm00m000],A=[-k00000cm0cm00m00]
与方程(3)对应的特征值方程可写为:
|G-λI|=0
GΨj=λjΨj; j=1,2,3,4
式中,λjΨj分别表示第j个特征值及对应的特征向量;I4×4的单位方阵;
G=B-1A=[010000100001-k/m00-c/m]
由于矩阵AB均为对称正定阵,经过对角化操作可得到如下正交关系:
ΨiTBΨj=δij; i=1,2,3,4
ΨiTAΨj=λjδij; j=1,2,3,4
其中,
δij={1,i=j0,ij
观察式(8)可知,相同特征向量的不同元素之间存在如下关系:
Ψ2j=λjΨ1j,Ψ3j=λjΨ2j,Ψ4j=λjΨ3j
Ψj=Ψ1j[1λjλj2λj3]T
将式(14)代入式(10)可得:
Ψ1j=14mλj3+3cλj2
为求解方程(1),引入变换:
z(t)=Ψy(t)
式中,y(t)为计算过程中的辅助变量。
将式(16)代入式(3),左乘ΨT并注意如式(10)和(11)所示的正交条件,可得4个解耦的半阶微分方程:
D1/2yj(t)-λjyj(t)=Ψ1jf(t); j=1,2,3,4
对上式两边进行Laplace变换并将所得结果代入式(16),得:
Dr/2x(t)=j=14Ψ(r+1)jL-1[Yj(s)]
式中,r=0,1,2,3L(  )表示Laplace变换;此外,
Yj(s)=Ψ1jF(s)+Rjs-λj; j=1,2,3,4
式中,s为时域变量t经过拉普斯变换到拉氏域中的量。且Rj=s-1/2yj(0)。式(19)右边分子为两项叠加的形式,前者只与外部激励有关,而后者只与初始条件相关。
考虑式(1)对应的齐次方程,即F(s)=0的情况,此时式(19)变为:
Yj(s)=yj(0)s(s-λj); j=1,2,3,4
将该式代入式(18)可求得含yj(0)的4个表达式:
Dr/2x(t)=j=14Ψ(r+1)jyj(0)gj(t)
其中,
gj(t)=eλj2t[1+erf(λjt)]
式中,erf表示高斯误差函数。
考虑t=0时刻处的初始条件,即
Dr/2x(0)=j=14yj(0)Ψ(r+1)j; r=0,1,2,3
利用式(23)提供的4个线性方程可将yj(0)与初始条件的关系写为矩阵形式:
[Ψ11Ψ12Ψ13Ψ14Ψ21Ψ22Ψ23Ψ24Ψ31Ψ32Ψ33Ψ34Ψ41Ψ42Ψ43Ψ44][y1(0)y2(0)y3(0)y4(0)]=[x(0)D1/2x(0)Dx(0)D3/2x(0)]
将式(24)两边左乘ΨTB并考虑式(10)可得:
yj(0)=(cλj2+mλj3)Ψ1jx(0)+(cλj+mλj2)Ψ1jD1/2x(0)+(c+mλj)Ψ1jDx(0)+mΨ1jD3/2x(0)
由于速度和加速度的物理有界性,分数阶项初始条件为零[21]。从式(25)中可知,初始速度和位移均为零时,yj(0)=0。将式(25)代入式(23)可得到自由振动下的位移与速度响应:
x(t)=j=14Ψ1jyj(0)gj(t)
x˙(t)=j=14λj2Ψ1jyj(0)gj(t)
考虑零初始条件且f(t)=f0u(t)的情况,其中f0为阶跃幅值,u(t)为阶跃函数。考虑式(18)和(19)可得:
x(t)=j=14f0Ψ1j2λj[gj(t)-1]
x˙(t)=j=14λjf0Ψ1j2[gj(t)-1]
利用式(28)和(29)可计算TRINKS等[7]关注的具有特定非齐次项的B-T方程的解,详见数值算例2.1.2。
考虑零初始条件且f(t)=δ(t)的情况,其中δ(t)为单位脉冲。同样地,考虑式(18)和(19)可求得脉冲响应函数:
h(t)=j=14Ψ1j2πt+j=14λjΨ1j2gj(t)
t=0时,由于位移的物理有界性可消去上式第一项,故:
h(t)=j=14λjΨ1j2gj(t)
基于脉冲响应函数,可利用卷积计算确定性激励下系统响应。脉冲响应函数同时也是随机分析的基础。
工程动力系统常受到完全非平稳随机过程作用。该随机过程的功率谱密度会在时间和频率两个维度上同时发生变化。考虑零均值完全非平稳随机过程,根据PRIESTLEY[22]的演变随机过程理论,具有演变功率谱密度的完全非平稳随机过程可表示为:
f(t)=-a(t,ω)eiωtdZ(ω)
式中,a(t,ω)为随时间和频率变化的慢变调制函数;Z(ω)为正交增量过程,且:
E[dZ(ω)]=0
E[dZ(ω1)dZ*(ω2)]=Φ(ω1)δ(ω1-ω2)dω1dω2
式中,*为共轭运算符;E(  )表示期望。
结合式(34)可得式(32)所示非平稳随机过程的相关函数为:
E[f(t1)f(t2)]=--a(t1,ω)a*(t2,ω)eiω(t1-t2)Φ(ω1)δ(ω1-ω2)dω1dω2
利用式(35)中δ函数的筛选性质可将双重积分化为一维积分:
E[f(t1)f(t2)]=-a(t1,ω)a*(t2,ω)eiω(t1-t2)Φ(ω)dω
根据线性系统的叠加原理,随机B-T方程的解可用Duhamel积分表示,即
x(t)=0th(t-τ)f(τ)dτ
故均方响应为:
E[x(t1)x(t2)]=0t10t2h(t1-τ1)h(t2-τ2)E[f(τ1)f(τ2)]dτ1dτ2
将式(35)所示的激励相关函数代入式(38)可得:
E[x(t1)x(t2)]=-SX(t1,t2,ω)dω=-H(t1,ω)Φ(ω)H*(t2,ω)dω
其中,
H(t,ω)=0th(t-τ)a(τ,ω)eiωτdτ
对式(40)两边进行Laplace变换,并考虑其卷积性质可得:
H˜(s,ω)=h˜(s)×L[a(t,ω)eiωt]
式中,上标“~”表示Laplace域,且
h˜(s)=λjΨ1j2[1s-λj2+λjs(s-λj2)]
为脉冲响应函数的Laplace变换。将时频调制函数a(t,ω)的具体形式代入式(41)后进行Laplace逆变换,可得到时变频响函数,然后利用式(39)即可得响应均方值,详见下文数值算例。
本节进一步给出B-T方程在非齐次项为确定性函数和完全非平稳随机过程时的数值算例以验证方法的准确性。以下数值算例中的参数单位均采用国际单位制。其中k单位为N/mm单位为kg,力的单位为Nc的单位随分数阶数发生变化,分数阶数为3/2时单位为kg/s1/2,阶数1/2时为kg/s3/2,一阶时为kg/s,为方便起见数值算例中省略c的单位。
LABECCA等[23]给出了自由振动情况下B-T方程的级数解;MAHMUDOV等[24]利用含有两个级数项的Mittag-Leffler函数研究了初始条件不为零时B-T方程的齐次解。为验证本文所建议方法的正确性,考虑系统参数k=1 N/mm=1 kg且具有初始单位位移和单位速度的情况。将初始条件代入式(25),并将位移响应式(26)和速度响应式(27)分别绘制于图12中。图中PM表示本文建议方法。可见,本文方法得到的结果能完美地符合已有级数解[24],验证了方法的正确性。然而,阻尼较大时,由后者得到的结果从特定时刻开始便出现发散情况,如图2所示c=1时的速度时程尾部实心圆点处。此外,与整数阶系统自由振动响应类似,分数阶系统响应也为幅值衰减的谐波振动:阻尼系数越大,位移和速度的振幅随时间增长下降速率越快。
考察分数阶导数项对系统响应的影响。通过构造与式(3)中不同的AB矩阵,本文方法同样可以应用于1/2阶以及整数阶系统[20]图3给出了c=0.5时分数阶数对系统响应的影响。由图3可知,相同初始条件下,整数阶系统的幅值衰减速率大于分数阶系统的幅值衰减速率。
考虑初始条件x(0)=x˙(0)=0,参数k=0.5 N/mm=1 kg且非齐次项为方波:
f(t)={8,0t10,t>1
的B-T方程。将式(43)写为f(t)=8[u(t)-u(t-1)],将上述非齐次项激励与初始条件代入式(28)和(29),并结合B-T方程所描述系统的线性与时不变性,得:
x(t)={j=148Ψ1j2[gj(t)-1λj], 0t1j=148Ψ1j2[gj(t)-gj(t-1)λj], t>1
x˙(t)={j=148λjΨ1j2[gj(t)-1], 0t1j=148λjΨ1j2[gj(t)-gj(t-1)], t>1
非齐次项如式(43)所示的B-T方程也可采用PODLUBNY[3]提出的格林函数与激励的卷积积分求解,即
x(t)=0tG(t-τ)f(τ)dτ
其中,
G(t)=1mk=0(-1)kk!(km)kt2k+1E1/2,2+3k2(k)(-cmt1/2)
式中,Eλ,μ为二参数Mittag-Leffler函数,右上标表示求导次数。
继PODLUBNY的工作后,许多研究者尝试用其他方法对该方程求解。TRINKS等[7]和ÇENESIZ等[13]分别利用无记忆化方法和广义泰勒配点法得到了该方程的数值解;ATANACKOVIC等[25]提出了一种求数值解的新方法;RAY等[26]利用Adomain分解法给出了与PODLUBNY解类似的双重级数形式的解析解。因此,仍采用式(46)和(47)验证本文提出的方法。
图45分别给出了本文方法与PODLUBNY方法在不同阻尼系数时得到的位移与速度时程。由图可知,阻尼比较小时两者得到的结果几乎完全重合,进一步表明本文方法的正确性。值得注意的是,张德茂等[27]曾指出:虽然PODLUBNY方法在理论上收敛,但在实际计算中有可能会出现尾部异常发散的现象。从本文图中也可发现这一点:当阻尼系数为1且时间t>15 s时,PODLUBNY方法出现了严重的偏离现象(已用实心标识给出)。反之,本文提出的方法无需计算复杂的双重级数乘积,不仅计算相对简单,还避免了上述可能出现的数值发散问题。
为探究不同分数阶导数下响应函数的关系,使m=1kg,c=0.5,k=1 N/mf0=1 N,并将参数代入式(28),在图6中绘制不同分数阶导数时B-T方程的位移响应。由图6可知,整数阶系统的位移响应很快就趋近于静位移,3/2阶系统次之,1/2阶系统接近静位移的速率非常缓慢。
考虑B-T方程参数为m=1 kgk=1 N/m,激励为f(t)=δ(t)且初始条件为零的情况。将上述已知条件代入式(31)得到位移响应(如图7所示)。由图7可知,本文方法很好地符合PODLUBNY给出的级数解(式(47))。同样地,由于可能的数值与截断误差,阻尼系数为1时PODLUBNY方法给出的结果发生了偏离,如图7中实心标识所示。此外,随着方程阻尼系数增大,脉冲响应函数幅值随时间呈快速衰减趋势。图8c=0.5时不同阶数下的系统脉冲响应函数。与图3观察到的结论相同,整数阶系统脉冲响应函数的幅值衰减速率大于分数阶系统的幅值衰减速率。
考虑一类由SPANOS等[28]提出的完全非平稳随机过程模型:
S(t,ω)=S0α(ω)t2e-[b+β(ω)]t
式中,α(ω)β(ω)分别为与频率相关的函数;S0为一常量平稳功率谱密度;b为控制参数。该模型也可表示为:
S(t,ω)=|a(t,ω)|2Φ(ω)
式中,a(t,ω)为慢变调制函数,且:
a(t,ω)=te-[b+β(ω)]2t
Φ(ω)=S0α(ω)
将式(50)代入式(41)并进行Laplace变换,得到Laplace域中的时变频响函数:
H˜(s,ω)=h˜(s)×1(s-κ)2
其中,
κ=iω-[b+β(ω)]2
为便于进行Laplace逆变换,将式(52)写为部分分式形式:
H˜(s,ω)=j=14λjΨ1j2(1+λjs)1(λj2-κ)21s-λj2-j=14λjΨ1j2(1+λjs)1(λj2-κ)21s-κ-j=14λjΨ1j2(1+λjs)1λj2-κ1(s-κ)2
对式(54)进行Laplace逆变换即可得到时变频响函数的解析解:
H(t,ω)=j=14p=14λjΨ1j2Ejp(t)
其中,
Ej1(t)=1(λj2-κ)2(eλj2t-eκt)
Ej2(t)=-1λj2-κteκt
Ej3(t)=1(λj2-κ)2eλj2terf(λjt)-1(λj2-κ)2λjκeκterf(κt)
Ej4(t)=-λjλj2-κ(1κteκterf(κt)+tκπ)+λjλj2-κ12κ3/2eκterf(κt)
将式(55)代入式(39)并使t1=t2=t可得到响应功率谱密度,进而通过数值积分得到均方响应。选取参数为b=0.15α(ω)=β(ω)=(ω/5π)2S0=1的Spanos-Solomos完全非平稳随机过程,其演变功率谱密度如图9所示。选取系统参数k=1 N/mm=1 kgc=1的随机B-T方程作为演示算例。图10显示了分数阶导数不同时,利用本文方法与10000条样本的Monte Carlo模拟(MCS)得到的响应均方值对比,其中,样本响应采用分数阶运动方程的Newmark法计算得到。可见,本文建议方法能很好地符合模拟结果;另外,分数阶导数系统大于整数阶导数系统的响应均方值。图1112分别显示了由本文方法得到和基于Monte Carlo模拟估计的响应演变功率谱密度三维图。其中,后者方法利用Morlet小波(MO wavelet)[29]计算样本响应的小波变换,进而通过样本小波变换估计得到响应的演变功率谱密度。对比图1112可见,两者吻合较好。为进一步表明二者之间的吻合程度,图1314分别对比了它们在15和26 s处的功率谱密度。对比显示,本文方法能较好地估计功率谱密度,二者之间的差异是由基于小波变换的演变功率谱密度估计方法自身特性造成的。例如,小波估计方法的边际效应造成了靠近时间坐标轴边缘处的估计误差。
本文提出了一种求解随机B-T方程在完全非平稳激励作用下随机响应的方法。该方法的核心在于求解B-T方程的脉冲响应函数。通过以下步骤得到:将运动方程改写为状态空间形式并进行特征值分析;引入广义坐标并利用Laplace变换计算解耦后的半阶线性微分方程;通过坐标变换得到系统响应,包括自由振动和外激励为阶跃和脉冲函数时的解。得益于广义坐标半阶微分方程的解析解,本文得到了3/2阶B-T方程的解析解。通过时变频响函数的概念,在随机振动频域分析的框架内得到了完全非平稳激励下随机B-T方程的非平稳响应二阶矩。Monte Carlo模拟验证了该方法的正确性。
本文针对3/2阶B-T方程导出的确定性响应解析解具有有限项和的简单形式。与Mittag-Leffler函数表示的复杂形式相比,本文给出的脉冲响应函数解析解为进一步的随机振动分析提供了基础。本文所提方法不仅能应用于3/2阶系统,也能够应用于求解任意以2为分母的有理分数阶系统,如1/2或3/2阶;本文所提方法有待进一步拓展到非线性分数阶随机动力系统。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078399)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309028
  • 接收时间:2023-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11
  • 修回日期:2023-12-07
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078399)
作者信息
    1.合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
    2.华东交通大学交通运输工程学院,江西 南昌 330013
    3.武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070

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洪旭(1993—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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