Article(id=1227591034910208118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713110400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-15, revisedDate=1723392000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610110149, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610110149, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610110149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610110149, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591023870800760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='8', pageStart='1645', pageEnd='1934', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610107611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610373804, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1857, endPage=1869, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591036181082262, articleId=1227591034910208118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Influence analysis of viscous dampers on mechanical properties of irregular steel joints of pseudo-classic architecture under dynamic cyclic loading, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the irregular steel joints of pseudo-classic architecture,the replaceable viscous damping device was set up at the location of decorated bracket to dissipate seismic energy. Six specimens of pseudo-classic architecture joints were designed and manufactured,including the single beam-column joint (SBJ) series and double beam-column joint (DBJ) series. The hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of the specimen and the viscous damper were obtained by the sine wave dynamic loading with displacement and frequency control,and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen and the viscous damper were analyzed,respectively. The results indicate that the improved dynamic loading system has achieved good test results,and the failure mode of the irregular steel joint of pseudo-classic architecture is improved by installing a viscous damper at the decorated bracket position. The viscous damper has good working state after buckling in the plastic hinge area of the beam end of the specimen,and the hysteresis ring of the specimen becomes full gradually. The larger the damping coefficient of the damper,the fuller the hysteresis rings of the node and the stronger the energy dissipation capacity. With the increase of damping coefficient,the bearing capacity of specimens with controlled joints is increased by 18%~46% compared with that of without controlled,and the viscous damper increases the bearing capacity of specimens with double beam-column joints more significantly. The displacement ductility coefficient of the specimen is between 1.77 and 2.05,and the ductility of the specimen is slightly improved after the viscous damper is installed. The strength degradation coefficients are all about 1.0.

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为提高钢结构仿古建筑异形节点的耗能能力,在原有的“雀替”构件处设置可更换黏滞阻尼器件以耗散地震能量。设计制作了6个仿古建筑钢结构节点试件,包含单梁-柱节点(SBJ)系列和双梁-柱节点(DBJ)系列两组。以位移和频率控制进行了正弦波动力加载,分别得到试件和黏滞阻尼器的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,并分别对试件和阻尼器的变形能力和耗能能力进行分析。结果表明:试验中双梁连接器与黏滞阻尼器运行良好,在“雀替”位置附设黏滞阻尼器改变了仿古建筑钢结构异形节点的破坏模式,黏滞阻尼器在试件梁端塑性铰区屈曲后进入良好的工作状态,试件滞回环逐渐变得饱满。阻尼器的阻尼系数越大,节点的滞回环越饱满,耗能能力越强。试件的承载力随着阻尼系数的提高而提高,有控节点试件承载力相比无控节点试件提高了18%~46%,黏滞阻尼器对双梁-柱节点试件的承载力提高作用更加明显。试件的位移延性系数在1.77~2.05之间,设置黏滞阻尼器后试件的延性略有提高。强度退化系数均在1.0左右。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王新武(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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吴占景(1983—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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注:所有剖面图的观察方向均为俯视图或左视图。

, figureFileSmall=RJNqDMSAs/9iqAVpQXKlTg==, figureFileBig=rdpCZSa9RuCAhTqwcqkqKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653587669545873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Photos at manufacturing site, figureFileSmall=ShTTdoBMFglOH6fetQvJyg==, figureFileBig=U9fp2EUygoWpyVliGgw0kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653587774403475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试件加工照片, figureFileSmall=ShTTdoBMFglOH6fetQvJyg==, figureFileBig=U9fp2EUygoWpyVliGgw0kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653587845706649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Test setup, figureFileSmall=Z+Cdl2P36/tihf8w0SUhDw==, figureFileBig=pCbcvHoREyG4G96NNllrsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653587933787036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=图4, caption=加载装置

注:1:反力架;2:反力墙;3:反力梁;4:试件;5:铰支座;6:拉杆;7:双梁连接器;8:MTS电液伺服作动器;9:液压千斤顶;10:地梁; 11:黏滞阻尼器。

, figureFileSmall=Z+Cdl2P36/tihf8w0SUhDw==, figureFileBig=pCbcvHoREyG4G96NNllrsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653588047033253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Connector of dual-lintel, figureFileSmall=6/MxIzghOiTWyklaWZ64yg==, figureFileBig=qH8OUBcJU9BkIh92iZebjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653588151890861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=图5, caption=双梁连接器, figureFileSmall=6/MxIzghOiTWyklaWZ64yg==, figureFileBig=qH8OUBcJU9BkIh92iZebjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653588307080112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Loading protocol, figureFileSmall=twojm9532rrUi3a816XMNw==, figureFileBig=cGuvGAgw67TAxQbU3HimLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653589682811828, 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caption=黏滞阻尼器滞回曲线, figureFileSmall=x9uJ0mMP1yiU7k+YGaAJ3g==, figureFileBig=i15yJVp6IQ4b1NpxuWyo/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653590966268907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Skeleton curves of specimens, figureFileSmall=wk5U4ZmqxCy7OUP2t9xdVw==, figureFileBig=z6s6K+JEgiCJTPiaDUPSdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653591087903730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=图12, caption=试件骨架曲线, figureFileSmall=wk5U4ZmqxCy7OUP2t9xdVw==, figureFileBig=z6s6K+JEgiCJTPiaDUPSdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653591205344244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Equivalent viscous damping coefficient of specimens, figureFileSmall=z2yWWlbvWbpq3AUVfc5k+Q==, figureFileBig=HdGfeHFxJBoTeQILVkb2pQ==, 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Design parameters of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件名称试件编号阻尼器编号阑额由额圆钢管柱/mm2方钢管柱/mm3
翼缘/mm2腹板/mm2翼缘/mm2腹板/mm2
单梁-柱SBJ-1128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
SBJ-2VD1128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
SBJ-3VD2128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
双梁-柱DBJ-1128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
DBJ-2VD1128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
DBJ-3VD2128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
), ArticleFig(id=1227653592711098422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件名称试件编号阻尼器编号阑额由额圆钢管柱/mm2方钢管柱/mm3
翼缘/mm2腹板/mm2翼缘/mm2腹板/mm2
单梁-柱SBJ-1128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
SBJ-2VD1128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
SBJ-3VD2128×4197×4274×16150×150×16
双梁-柱DBJ-1128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
DBJ-2VD1128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
DBJ-3VD2128×4197×4117×4174×4274×16150×150×16
), ArticleFig(id=1227653592799178810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Mechanic performance indexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料厚度/mmfy/MPafu/MPaE/MPaδ/%εy/10-6
板材4275.9402.11.9835.11393
16277.2412.62.0137.21379
管材16283.4415.32.0534.51417
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594250407999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

材料力学性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料厚度/mmfy/MPafu/MPaE/MPaδ/%εy/10-6
板材4275.9402.11.9835.11393
16277.2412.62.0137.21379
管材16283.4415.32.0534.51417
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594363654211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Design parameters of viscous dampers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阻尼器编号设计阻尼力F/kN阻尼系数C/(kN·s·m-1)阻尼指数α设计位移/mm
VD150600.38±50
VD280880.38±50
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594485289033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黏滞阻尼器设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阻尼器编号设计阻尼力F/kN阻尼系数C/(kN·s·m-1)阻尼指数α设计位移/mm
VD150600.38±50
VD280880.38±50
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594611118158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Cyclic dynamic loading working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况峰值加速度/(cm·s-2)位移幅值/mm频率/Hz
工况15051.59
工况28052.01
工况310081.78
工况412581.99
工况5150111.86
工况6200112.15
工况7250152.05
工况8300152.25
工况9350271.81
工况10425272.00
工况11460401.71
工况12480401.75
工况13500531.55
工况14550531.62
工况15570651.50
工况16578651.55
工况17585771.39
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594787278930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

周期性动力加载工况表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况峰值加速度/(cm·s-2)位移幅值/mm频率/Hz
工况15051.59
工况28052.01
工况310081.78
工况412581.99
工况5150111.86
工况6200112.15
工况7250152.05
工况8300152.25
工况9350271.81
工况10425272.00
工况11460401.71
工况12480401.75
工况13500531.55
工况14550531.62
工况15570651.50
工况16578651.55
工况17585771.39
), ArticleFig(id=1227653594875359318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Comparison of loading schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验名称试验对象加载方式加载波形最大位移/mm每级增幅/mm每工况循环次数频率/Hz阻尼器布置方式
CHUNG等[25]试验钢筋混凝土节点梁端竖向加载谐波10121安装在梁-柱节点处附加液压位移放大装置
本次试验仿古建筑钢结构节点柱顶水平加载正弦波77屈服前每级增加3;屈服后每级增加1250.7~2安装在梁-柱节点处
刘伟庆等[26]试验钢筋混凝土框架水平加载正弦波20550.1~1沿着框架对角线布置
), ArticleFig(id=1227653595009577049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试验加载制度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验名称试验对象加载方式加载波形最大位移/mm每级增幅/mm每工况循环次数频率/Hz阻尼器布置方式
CHUNG等[25]试验钢筋混凝土节点梁端竖向加载谐波10121安装在梁-柱节点处附加液压位移放大装置
本次试验仿古建筑钢结构节点柱顶水平加载正弦波77屈服前每级增加3;屈服后每级增加1250.7~2安装在梁-柱节点处
刘伟庆等[26]试验钢筋混凝土框架水平加载正弦波20550.1~1沿着框架对角线布置
), ArticleFig(id=1227653595114434655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Measured bearing capacity,displacement and ductility coefficient

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试件加载方向屈服点峰值点破坏点延性系数μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmPu/kNΔu/mm
SBJ-1正向38.6227.6349.0438.8041.6848.921.77
负向-35.74-27.64-48.30-39.32-41.06-50.921.84
SBJ-2正向50.0729.1159.8842.6850.9055.691.91
负向-39.51-28.29-54.94-44.57-46.70-58.022.05
SBJ-3正向44.6328.4560.7543.6751.6452.631.85
负向-51.04-29.01-63.49-42.73-53.97-55.941.93
DBJ-1正向55.3928.8471.4539.5160.7354.461.89
负向-55.48-27.40-69.67-38.95-59.22-53.221.94
DBJ-2正向71.4032.9795.1749.1680.8958.991.79
负向-68.96-30.08-93.06-49.61-79.10-58.991.96
DBJ-3正向76.6631.41104.5547.8988.8761.501.96
负向-75.15-30.67-101.29-49.49-86.10-58.451.91
), ArticleFig(id=1227653595231875168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591034910208118, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

实测各特征点的承载力、位移和延性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件加载方向屈服点峰值点破坏点延性系数μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmPu/kNΔu/mm
SBJ-1正向38.6227.6349.0438.8041.6848.921.77
负向-35.74-27.64-48.30-39.32-41.06-50.921.84
SBJ-2正向50.0729.1159.8842.6850.9055.691.91
负向-39.51-28.29-54.94-44.57-46.70-58.022.05
SBJ-3正向44.6328.4560.7543.6751.6452.631.85
负向-51.04-29.01-63.49-42.73-53.97-55.941.93
DBJ-1正向55.3928.8471.4539.5160.7354.461.89
负向-55.48-27.40-69.67-38.95-59.22-53.221.94
DBJ-2正向71.4032.9795.1749.1680.8958.991.79
负向-68.96-30.08-93.06-49.61-79.10-58.991.96
DBJ-3正向76.6631.41104.5547.8988.8761.501.96
负向-75.15-30.67-101.29-49.49-86.10-58.451.91
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动力荷载作用下黏滞阻尼器对钢结构仿古建筑异形节点力学性能的影响
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吴占景 1, 2 , 王新武 1 , 隋龑 2 , 董金爽 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(8): 1857-1869
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(8): 1857-1869
动力荷载作用下黏滞阻尼器对钢结构仿古建筑异形节点力学性能的影响
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吴占景1, 2 , 王新武1 , 隋龑2, 董金爽3
作者信息
  • 1.洛阳理工学院智能建造与土木工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023
  • 2.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 3.海南大学土木建筑工程学院,海南 海口 570228
  • 吴占景(1983—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王新武(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Influence analysis of viscous dampers on mechanical properties of irregular steel joints of pseudo-classic architecture under dynamic cyclic loading
Zhanjing WU1, 2 , Xinwu WANG1 , Yan SUI2, Jinshuang DONG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Intelligent Construction and Civil Engineering,Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China
  • 2.College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering and Architechture,Hainan Univerisitey,Haikou 570228,China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404032
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为提高钢结构仿古建筑异形节点的耗能能力,在原有的“雀替”构件处设置可更换黏滞阻尼器件以耗散地震能量。设计制作了6个仿古建筑钢结构节点试件,包含单梁-柱节点(SBJ)系列和双梁-柱节点(DBJ)系列两组。以位移和频率控制进行了正弦波动力加载,分别得到试件和黏滞阻尼器的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,并分别对试件和阻尼器的变形能力和耗能能力进行分析。结果表明:试验中双梁连接器与黏滞阻尼器运行良好,在“雀替”位置附设黏滞阻尼器改变了仿古建筑钢结构异形节点的破坏模式,黏滞阻尼器在试件梁端塑性铰区屈曲后进入良好的工作状态,试件滞回环逐渐变得饱满。阻尼器的阻尼系数越大,节点的滞回环越饱满,耗能能力越强。试件的承载力随着阻尼系数的提高而提高,有控节点试件承载力相比无控节点试件提高了18%~46%,黏滞阻尼器对双梁-柱节点试件的承载力提高作用更加明显。试件的位移延性系数在1.77~2.05之间,设置黏滞阻尼器后试件的延性略有提高。强度退化系数均在1.0左右。

仿古建筑  /  钢结构异形节点  /  动力荷载作用  /  黏滞阻尼器  /  力学性能

In order to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the irregular steel joints of pseudo-classic architecture,the replaceable viscous damping device was set up at the location of decorated bracket to dissipate seismic energy. Six specimens of pseudo-classic architecture joints were designed and manufactured,including the single beam-column joint (SBJ) series and double beam-column joint (DBJ) series. The hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of the specimen and the viscous damper were obtained by the sine wave dynamic loading with displacement and frequency control,and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen and the viscous damper were analyzed,respectively. The results indicate that the improved dynamic loading system has achieved good test results,and the failure mode of the irregular steel joint of pseudo-classic architecture is improved by installing a viscous damper at the decorated bracket position. The viscous damper has good working state after buckling in the plastic hinge area of the beam end of the specimen,and the hysteresis ring of the specimen becomes full gradually. The larger the damping coefficient of the damper,the fuller the hysteresis rings of the node and the stronger the energy dissipation capacity. With the increase of damping coefficient,the bearing capacity of specimens with controlled joints is increased by 18%~46% compared with that of without controlled,and the viscous damper increases the bearing capacity of specimens with double beam-column joints more significantly. The displacement ductility coefficient of the specimen is between 1.77 and 2.05,and the ductility of the specimen is slightly improved after the viscous damper is installed. The strength degradation coefficients are all about 1.0.

pseudo-classic architecture  /  irregular steel joints  /  dynamic cyclic loading  /  viscous dampers  /  mechanical properties
吴占景, 王新武, 隋龑, 董金爽. 动力荷载作用下黏滞阻尼器对钢结构仿古建筑异形节点力学性能的影响. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1857 -1869 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404032
Zhanjing WU, Xinwu WANG, Yan SUI, Jinshuang DONG. Influence analysis of viscous dampers on mechanical properties of irregular steel joints of pseudo-classic architecture under dynamic cyclic loading[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1857 -1869 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404032
随着木材资源的短缺和环境保护以及结构耐久、防火和大空间的需求[1],近年来中国传统建筑和现代钢结构相结合发展成的钢结构仿古建筑得到广泛应用[2]。吴琨等[3-4]等阐述了仿古建筑现代结构设计过程中常用的结构体系选择和结构构件布置方法。文献[5-6]进行了4 个不同轴压比和上柱长细比的仿古建筑钢结构变截面异形转换柱的低周反复荷载试验,表明在焊缝质量良好的情况下上下柱连接方式可靠,具有良好的耗能能力。文献[7-8]进行了4 个不同轴压比和上柱长细比的仿古建筑钢结构斗栱檐柱的低周反复荷载试验和有限元数值分析,研究结果表明栌斗焊缝开裂,上柱根部连接处焊缝是受力薄弱位置,试件变形性能和耗能能力良好。
仿古建筑钢结构继承古建筑的形体,其梁-柱节点有单梁-柱和双梁-柱之分,且梁下常布置雀替作为装饰性构件,但梁-柱连接方式却由半刚性榫卯连接变成了刚性连接。仿古建筑中雀替主要用作建筑外观装饰,在结构上的作用几乎被忽略,如图1所示。薛建阳等[9-10]进行了仿古建筑钢结构双梁-柱节点的抗震性能试验和有限元分析,结果表明梁-柱连接部位,尤其是由额(下梁)下翼缘和柱壁连接处的焊缝容易断裂。文献[11]制作了仿古建筑殿堂式平面钢框架,试验结果表明:“ 雀替”位置构件最先屈服,是钢结构仿古建筑的第一道抗震防线。因此如何发挥“ 雀替”构件的抗震作用成为了重要的研究课题。
近年来,将被动耗能减振技术应用于梁-柱节点,以提高其抗震性能成为趋势[12]。国内外学者通过在梁-柱连接处设置摩擦阻尼器[13-15]、金属阻尼器[16-18]、黏弹性铅芯阻尼器[19]等来提高节点力学性能。研究表明设置阻尼器的梁-柱节点具有良好的承载力,阻尼器直接参与耗能,实现了“承载-耗能”双重功能,提高了结构的整体抗震性能。国内学者对于阻尼器在仿古建筑梁-柱连接处的应用也进行了一些探索。董金爽等[20]和QI 等[21]分别对设置黏滞阻尼器的混凝土仿古建筑梁-柱节点和设置摩擦型阻尼器的的钢结构仿古建筑梁-柱节进行了试验研究。
黏滞阻尼器本身不储存刚度,对结构影响不大,并且在小位移时也能发挥较好作用,可有效消耗地震能量,地震后阻尼器无屈服现象,一般可以重复使用。因此,本次试验基于减震技术并考虑仿古建筑的独特形制,在仿古建筑的“雀替”处设置黏滞阻尼器并进行动力加载试验。本文研究黏滞阻尼器对钢结构仿古建筑异形节点在动力加载作用下的变形发展及力学性能的影响进行对比分析,研究结果可为钢结构仿古建筑的设计和加固改造提供数据参考。
本次试验是在课题组仿古建筑钢结构双梁-柱节点抗震性能试验的基础上改进设计[10]。试件原型尺寸来自二等殿堂式仿古建筑在水平荷载作用下梁-柱反弯点之间的部分,并且按照宋代《营造法式》“材分等级”制进行换算[22]。“材”是宋代建筑使用的基本模数,“分”是与“材”联系的最小尺寸单位。材高和材宽分别划分为15份和10份,每一份称为1分。1分折算为现代尺寸为17.16 mm。试验构件用材等级为二等材,计算得檐柱柱径为42分,对应现代尺寸为720 mm。考虑试验室加载装置的条件和现有无缝圆钢管的规格尺寸,确定试验所用构件的檐柱直径为274 mm,因此最终选用模型比例为1∶2.6。其他主要尺寸:阑额截面高为30分,宽为20分,由额截面高为27分,宽为18分。雀替的水平长度占开间净面宽的1/4,高度取本身长度的一半,厚度取柱径的3/10。雀替水平长度最大约为1.35~1.8 m。缩尺后给外部包装留有一定的装饰空间,最终确定阻尼器总长度约为0.77 m,放置后的水平跨度为0.772 m,和柱夹角为60°。
共设计制作了6个仿古建筑钢结构节点试件,包含单梁-柱节点(SBJ)系列和双梁-柱节点(DBJ)系列两组。每个系列分别有3个节点试件,包括1个未设置黏滞阻尼器的节点试件和2个设置黏滞阻尼器的节点试件,主要参数如表1所示。试件尺寸如图2所示,实测钢材的物理力学性能指标如表2所示,试件加工现场照片如图3所示。所有试件均采用Q235B钢,柱轴压比均为0.3(对应轴压力560 kN),其中檐柱采用无缝圆钢管;梁截面形式均采用抗震性能更好的箱形截面;上部方钢管柱采用钢板焊接,插入下部檐柱内对应阑额(上梁)下翼缘高度处,并通过四周的四块竖向加劲肋板和底部的水平环板连接,如图3(b)所示。试件高度为2650 mm,宽度为3000 mm。阑额、由额均为箱形截面梁,由四块厚度为4 mm的钢板拼装焊接而成,截面尺寸分别为197 mm×128 mm×4 mm和174 mm×117 mm×4 mm。梁与柱拼接时先将阑额和由额一端切割成半径为137 mm的圆弧形,然后将梁对齐到柱壁相应高度位置,并使阑额中线与方钢管柱中线对齐后进行焊接。本次试验试件钢材均为Q235B钢,焊条根据规范采用E4303焊条。
试验前以阻尼指数最小值0.3和阻尼系数最小值40 kN·s/m为起点进行有限元计算,分析参数变化对结构响应的影响。阻尼系数按厂商建议每次递增5 kN·s/m取值。最终试验选用了2种不同参数的非线性黏滞阻尼器,黏滞阻尼器附带实时输出阻尼力的拉压传感器。试件SBJ-2和DBJ-2所设阻尼器的阻尼系数为60 kN·s/m,试件SBJ-3和DBJ-3所设阻尼器的阻尼系数为88 kN·s/m,所有阻尼器阻尼指数均为0.38。依据前期研究[10]和仿古建筑形制构造要求对阻尼器可能的相对位移进行了估算,并保留了设计位移的安全储备。所有阻尼器出厂时完成性能试验,验证阻尼系数和阻尼指数的有效性,其详细参数如表3所示。
黏滞阻尼器安装方法为:在梁-柱节点位置,通过配套的双耳连接支座一端与梁连接,另一端与柱连接,实际工程中可按照古建筑中雀替的形状对其外观进行装饰。双耳连接支座所在梁、柱相应位置,均焊有厚度为12 mm厚加强板。
图4为试验加载装置示意图和现场装置图。柱顶竖向荷载通过油压千斤顶施加并在整个试验过程中保持恒定,在千斤顶和反力梁之间设置滚轮装置。柱顶周期性动力水平荷载通过MTS电液伺服作动器在柱顶施加,作动器量程为±250 mm。柱底约束为固定铰支座。如图4所示,为使加载时双梁-柱(DBJ系列)节点梁端部连接和实际工程受力相符,对课题组前期试验中所用双梁连接器[23]进行改进[24],即在双梁之间设置双梁连接器(图4(c)中构件7)以保证阑额和由额的端部在动力加载下能保持良好的水平错动。配合现有的竖向球铰连杆(图4(c)中构件6)可以保证双梁端部连接和实际工程的受力相符。图5为双梁连接器构造。
黏滞阻尼器是一种速度相关型阻尼器,试验加载中要达到一定的速度才能发挥作用。以往的加载设备性能不足,加载频率较低,无法获得较大的加载速度,如果提高输出速度或者输出频率,则无法达到较大的位移幅值。CHUNG等[25]进行了2个装有HDADS(在黏滞阻尼器上连接液压缸)的新型混凝土梁-柱节点的加载试验,虽然试验中加载的控制位移和频率较小,但是由于为黏滞阻尼器设置了液压缸放大装置,因此取得了不错的试验效果,为附设黏滞阻尼器的新型阻尼节点的试验研究奠定了基础。
本次试验在西安建筑科技大学结构工程实验室完成,最新引进的MTS电液伺服程控结构试验机可以实现在较大的位移幅值内输出较大频率的水平力。对CHUNG等[25]和刘伟庆等[26]的试验方法进行改进,设计了一种周期性动力加载方法。地震波的模拟可以由多个不同频率的正弦波叠加而成,因此本次试验的加载选用以位移和频率进行控制的正弦波加载。依据《建筑消能阻尼器》(JG/T 209-2012)[27]中黏滞阻尼器力学性能试验方法中最大阻尼力和阻尼系数的测定方法,相邻的两个工况同位移幅值但不同频率的正弦波激励,每工况循环5次。正弦波加速度的峰值依据地震烈度等级的划分及其对应的水平地震动参数范围选定,加载频率由正弦波荷载的峰值加速度反推得出,控制位移依据消能减震结构的层间弹塑性位移角限值选定,正弦波振幅及频率符合《建筑抗震试验规程》(JGJ/T 101-2015)[28]及《中国地震烈度表》(GB/T 17742-2020)[29]规定。同时加载频率也考虑到试验设备的性能,最终确定在1.5~2.5 Hz之间。加载频率大于文献[25-26]试验中频率数值,为定量分析黏滞阻尼器在节点试验中的耗能探索了一种相对可靠的试验方法。本次试验的周期性动力加载制度的具体参数如图6表4所示。表5为本次试验与文献[25-26]加载制度的对比。
柱顶位移和荷载由MTS793加载系统采集。试验中首先观测了试件SBJ-1的数据,上柱柱底和节点下核心区应变处于弹性阶段。因此其余试件应变片只布置在梁端上下翼缘塑性铰区,由8通道DC-104R动态应变数据采集仪获取动态应变数据。应变片布置如图7所示。
本次试验中采用智能型黏滞阻尼器,它主要由黏滞流体阻尼器和监测系统组成。监测系统包括传感器、信号采集系统、数据传输和显示系统等。当阻尼器受力和产生位移时,阻尼力和位移的信号将通过数据采集记录仪自动进行采集。
动态应变采集仪数据表明所有应变片的应变值在工况8之前都低于钢材的屈服应变,试件还处于弹性工作阶段。从工况9加载开始,梁端塑性铰区的2号、3号、1号、4号、5号应变片的应变值依次超过了梁钢材的屈服应变,表明梁塑性铰区钢材开始屈服,此时记录仪上监测的滞回曲线开始出现明显的拐点。
以试件SBJ-2为例,工况9时阻尼器最大出力为17.39 kN,位移为3.80 mm。由于动力荷载加载速度较快,因此梁翼缘在加载过程中上下波动,但是梁翼缘和柱壁连接处的焊缝并未开裂,而无控节点试件SBJ-1在同一工况下已经出现裂缝。此时阻尼器最大出力为19.37 kN,位移为6.73 mm。当加载至工况13时,试件外鼓现象有所发展;东侧梁南侧腹板距离柱壁9 cm处母材撕裂,宽为5 mm。当加载至工况15时,东侧梁上翼缘距离柱壁7 cm处母材撕裂,且在加载过程中焊缝不断开合,并向两侧腹板分别延伸3 cm。当加载至工况16时,东、西梁侧梁下翼缘距离柱壁7 cm处均出现母材撕裂,长度为5 cm。当加载至工况17时,西侧梁两侧腹板距离焊缝5 cm处外鼓并由下向上开裂3 cm。东侧梁上翼缘母材撕裂处裂缝几乎贯通。此时阻尼器最大出力为21.25 kN,位移为16.73 mm。试件水平承载力已经下降至峰值荷载的85%以下。试件最终的破坏形态如图8所示。
所有试件的破坏模式符合“强柱弱梁”的设计要求,在试验过程中,变形和破坏主要发生在梁端塑性铰区,节点核心区并无明显变化。各试件的破坏过程既有其相同之处,又各有差异。首先在塑性铰区梁翼缘、腹板出现不同程度的屈曲;随着加载的进行,在梁端塑性铰区较大变形位置处开始出现母材的撕裂,并不断发展延伸,最终几乎贯通梁的腹板和翼缘。
设置黏滞阻尼器后,试件的破坏形态有所不同。尤其对于单梁-柱系列节点试件,在梁端塑性铰区屈服并产生塑性变形之后,未设置黏滞阻尼器的无控节点试件SBJ-1首先在东侧梁上翼缘的梁-柱连接处发生焊缝开裂,之后从两侧梁端塑性铰区出现母材撕裂,并斜向下延伸;而设置黏滞阻尼器的有控节点试件SBJ-2和SBJ-3则是先在梁端塑性铰区的翼缘及腹板相应位置出现不同程度的母材撕裂,裂缝在循环的动力荷载作用下反复地闭合张开,并且随着加载不断发展延伸,最终在加载后期,梁端塑性铰区的翼缘和腹板的母材裂缝几乎贯通。
图8可知,黏滞阻尼器对梁塑性铰位置的影响较大。以单梁-柱系列试件为例,无阻尼器的试件SBJ-1的梁塑性铰区变形较小,破坏主要集中在梁翼缘和柱壁连接处。设置黏滞阻尼器后破坏主要集中在梁塑性铰区,尤其是梁塑性铰区翼缘部位变形严重同时伴随着严重撕裂。
对比图8中DBJ系列试件破坏可知,黏滞阻尼器的作用使得试件变形发展得到了延迟,具体表现为梁端塑性铰区的屈曲、母材裂缝和焊缝开裂都滞后于相应的无控节点试件。对于单梁-柱系列试件而言,其破坏模式发生了根本改变,梁-柱连接处的焊缝不再开裂,全部表现为梁端塑性铰区母材的撕裂,SBJ-3试件的梁下翼缘甚至没有出现其他试件的母材撕裂现象,表明黏滞阻尼器起到了良好的减震作用。
以靠近阻尼器梁端支座最近的5号应变片为例,其荷载-应变曲线如图9所示。可知,加入阻尼器后连接处附近钢材的荷载-应变曲线更加饱满,塑性铰区域的应变值差异不大。但在相同模式下,加入阻尼器后的承载力明显增大。
图10为试件的柱顶荷载-位移滞回曲线。图10中,PΔ分别为试件柱顶的水平荷载、水平位移,其中,作动器推向加载为正,拉向加载为负,可见:
(1) 滞回曲线与常规节点在拟静力加载下的滞回曲线相比,曲线呈现轻微的波浪形,但整体形状相似,大致呈梭形。原因是试验中进行周期性快速加载时,加载设备供油速率有些波动,会导致试件滞回曲线出现锯齿状抖动,但是不影响其整体曲线形状。
(2) 在试验加载初期,试件处于弹性阶段,柱顶的荷载-位移变化基本呈线性关系,滞回环包围的面积很小,残余变形较小。随着加载工况的增加,试件梁端塑性铰区逐渐发生屈曲,滞回环逐渐变得饱满,表现出良好的耗能特性。
(3) 对滞回环的饱满程度分析可以发现,SBJ-1、SBJ-2、SBJ-3的滞回环依次更加饱满,DBJ-1、DBJ-2、DBJ-3的滞回环亦是如此,表明附设黏滞阻尼器的有控节点具有更强的耗能能力。阻尼器的阻尼系数越大,节点的滞回环越饱满,耗能能力越强。
图11为试验中测得的阻尼器阻尼力-位移滞回曲线。图中F为阻尼器的阻尼力,即阻尼器的对外出力,由传感器测得;Δd为阻尼器位移,指阻尼器两端的相对位移,即伸长量或者缩短量,由设置在阻尼器上的位移传感器测得。由图11可见:
(1) 黏滞阻尼器的滞回曲线在0位移处出现明显的捏缩现像。原因是试验中每一圈加载循环回到0点位置时,进行短暂停顿后再进行下一圈加载。阻尼器活塞运动每一圈出力和位移都从0开始,在阻尼器滞回曲线中表现为0位移处的捏缩。
(2) 阻尼系数较小时(60 kN·s/m),两个系列试件的阻尼力-位移滞回曲线重合度较高,无论是阻尼力还是相对位移区别都不大。但是随着阻尼系数的提高,双梁-柱节点试件的阻尼器的阻尼力高于同工况下的单梁-柱试件。
(3) 双梁-柱试件展现出更加优秀的抗震性能,其加载工况多于单梁-柱节点试件。这一点在阻尼系数较小时(60 kN·s/m)更加明显。但是随着阻尼系数提高至88 kN·s/m,阻尼器改善了试件的破坏变形,单梁-柱试件也提高了可加载工况数量,抗震能力得到提高。
图9中试件荷载-位移滞回曲线中每一级荷载第一次循环峰点的连接后得到各试件的骨架曲线,如图12所示。由图12可知,其骨架曲线具有以下特点:
(1)加载初期试件变形较小,同时黏滞阻尼器的出力也较小。进入塑性阶段后,设置黏滞阻尼器的有控试件的承载力和刚度与无控试件相比有较大的提高。而有控试件中采用较高阻尼系数阻尼器的试件SBJ-3和DBJ-3分别比同系列的SBJ-2和DBJ-2的峰值荷载略高。
(2)由于双梁的存在,双梁-柱节点试件的承载力明显高于单梁-柱试件。同等工况下单梁-柱试件设置阻尼器后的承载力依然低于未设置阻尼器的双梁-柱试件。阻尼系数相同时双梁-柱试件承载力明显高于单梁-柱试件。且随着加载的进行,塑性变形增大后,阻尼器的阻尼力也越大。
(3)由于工况13时试件达到峰值荷载,随后试件梁塑性铰区出现母材撕裂和焊缝开裂,骨架曲线下降明显,试件已不能继续维持恒定的轴向荷载,定义荷载下降到峰值荷载的85%时试件破坏。
表6给出了试件各特征点处实测的承载力、位移以及延性系数。表6中,Py为屈服荷载,由通用屈服弯矩法确定;Pu为破坏荷载;Pm为峰值荷载(取峰值荷载下降至85%时对应的荷载值);ΔyΔuΔm分别为上述荷载对应的位移值;μ为位移延性系数,μ=Δm/Δy
表6可知,与无控节点试件SBJ-1和DBJ-1相比,有控节点试件SBJ-2、SBJ-3和DBJ-2、DBJ-3的屈服荷载Py和峰值荷载Pm均有明显的提高。对于SBJ系列试件,试件峰值荷载与SBJ-1相比,SBJ-2增幅约为18%,SBJ-3增幅约为28%;对于DBJ系列试件,试件峰值荷载与DBJ-1相比,DBJ-2增幅约为34%,DBJ-3增幅约为46%;双梁-柱节点系列的荷载增幅比单梁-柱系列的荷载增幅略大,说明阻尼器对双梁-柱节点峰值荷载的提高效果较单梁-柱节点明显。
对比单梁-柱节点和双梁-柱节点试件可知,SBJ-3和DBJ-3分别比试件SBJ-2和DBJ-2的荷载增幅略高,这是因为试件SBJ-3和DBJ-3选用阻尼器的阻尼系数比试件SBJ-2和DBJ-2的大,速度相同时,阻尼器出力较大,由此说明阻尼系数越高,试件峰值荷载越高。
本次试验中SBJ系列节点试件的正向位移延性系数在1.84~2.05之间,负向延性系数在1.77~1.91之间,相比之下,有控节点比无控节点的延性略有提升,但是并不明显;DBJ系列节点试件的正向位移延性系数在1.91~1.96之间,负向延性系数在1.79~1.96之间,有控节点与无控节点的延性系数基本相等。由此可见,黏滞阻尼器对节点延性的提升有一定影响,但是作用并不明显,这主要是因为加载后期试件受焊缝和母材开裂的影响较大。同时,钢结构仿古建筑异形节点的延性系数较低,这主要是受制于全焊连接和古建筑尺寸构造要求,试件加载后期出现严重的焊缝开裂现象,承载力下降,导致试件延性不如常规钢结构节点。
试件的等效黏滞阻尼系数he图13所示。由图13可知:在试件达到屈服荷载时,无控节点和有控节点的等效黏滞阻尼系数分别为he=0.045~0.051和he=0.071~0.127,有控节点的耗能能力是无控节点的1.6~2.5倍;在试件达到峰值荷载时,无控节点和有控节点的等效黏滞阻尼系数分别为he=0.08~0.231和he=0.179~0.338,有控节点的耗能能力是无控节点的1.5~2.2倍;在试件达到破坏荷载时,无控节点和有控节点的等效黏滞阻尼系数分别为he=0.213~0.378和he=0.326~0.440,有控节点的耗能能力是无控节点的1.1~1.5倍。因此可以看出,黏滞阻尼器的设置有效提高了节点的耗能能力。
为进一步量化黏滞阻尼器对节点耗能能力的提高,根据各试件的柱端荷载-位移滞回曲线计算试件各工况下的总耗能,如图14所示。图14(a)为试件总耗能,取各工况第3圈滞回环的面积;图14(b)为各试件阻尼器耗能,取黏滞阻尼器各工况第3圈滞回环面积之和。
图14可知,在加载前期各试件总耗能区别不大,这是因为工况1~8时,试件处于弹性阶段,变形较小。在工况9以后,各试件进入塑性阶段,总耗能有明显提高,同时黏滞阻尼器的滞回耗能也迅速增加,因此附设黏滞阻尼器的节点试件的滞回耗能要显著高于无阻尼器的对比节点试件。
图15为附设黏滞阻尼器的节点试件相对于对比节点试件的总耗能提高百分比,其中耗能提高百分比=(附设黏滞阻尼器的节点试件总耗能-对比节点试件总耗能)/对比节点试件总耗能×100%。图16为阻尼器耗能占总耗能的百分比。其中阻尼器耗能比例=东、西两阻尼器耗能之和/节点试件总耗能×100%。
在加载前期各试件耗能区别不大,这是因为工况1~8时,试件处于弹性阶段。在工况9以后,黏滞阻尼器的滞回耗能迅速增加,因此附设黏滞阻尼器的有控节点试件的滞回耗能要显著高于同系列无控节点试件。附设黏滞阻尼器的有控节点试件SBJ-2、SBJ-3、DBJ-2和DBJ-3的阻尼器耗能占试件总耗能的比例在工况13时分别可达15%、22%、13%和21%;相应地,有控节点试件的总耗能相比无控节点试件分别提升了55%、61%、16%和44%。另外可以看到图中工况9时的数据存在突变,这是因为工况9时各试件梁端塑性铰区开始出现明显变形,导致应变片的应变值急剧增长,试件自身耗能突然增大,阻尼器在总耗能中所占比例有明显下降。但工况9之后各耗能比例趋于稳定。综上所述,附设黏滞阻尼器的有控节点试件的耗能能力得到了显著改善,并且随着阻尼系数的提高而提高。
采用通用有限元软件ABAQUS中隐式动力学模块,以实体单元C3D8R建立钢结构仿古建筑异形节点数值分析模型。钢材的本构关系采用三折线模型加以模拟[30],泊松比取为0.3。不考虑焊缝开裂的情况,焊接连接均采用绑定连接(Tie),对梁端塑性铰区的网格适当加密,柱底和柱顶边界条件均按照试验设置。分别采用ABAQUS连接单元的SLOT单元和AXIAL单元模拟双梁连接器和黏滞阻尼器。在AXIAL单元中输入阻尼器力学性能试验测得的阻尼器阻尼力-速度拟合曲线中的数据。
限于篇幅,以试件DBJ-3为例,数值模型和变形如图1718所示。试验中相邻两个工况的加载速度不同但控制位移相同,为提高计算效率,选取加载奇数工况下柱顶荷载-位移滞回曲线进行对比,如图19所示。由图可知,工况15之前所有滞回曲线均吻合较好,工况15时,试验中梁端塑性铰区出现较大变形和撕裂破坏,而在有限元中未考虑母材撕裂和焊缝破坏的情况,导致工况15下有限元的计算结果更加饱满,但滞回环最大位移和对应的荷载非常吻合,因此整体吻合较好,表明所建数值模型可用于附设黏滞阻尼器的钢结构仿古建筑异形节点力学性能分析。
通过6个仿古建筑钢结构梁-柱节点在周期性动力荷载下的试验研究,主要得到以下结论:
(1) 改进后的动力加载制度达到了良好的试验效果,以位移和频率进行控制的正弦波动力加载制度能较好地获取试件和阻尼器的荷载、位移数据,表明此类试验方法可用于附设黏滞阻尼器的结构抗震性能试验。
(2) 在“雀替”位置附设黏滞阻尼器改善了仿古建筑钢结构双梁-柱节点的破坏模式,梁端塑性铰区的屈曲、母材裂缝和焊缝开裂都滞后于相应的无控节点试件。单梁-柱节点破坏未出现焊缝开裂,阻尼系数较高的试件改善下翼缘的母材撕裂现象。
(3) 黏滞阻尼器在试件梁端塑性铰区屈曲后进入良好的工作状态,试件滞回环逐渐变得饱满。阻尼器的阻尼系数越大,节点的滞回环越饱满,耗能能力越强。
(4) 黏滞阻尼器极大地提高了试件的承载力,且随着阻尼系数的提高而提高,阻尼系数相同时双梁-柱试件承载力明显高于单梁-柱试件。试件的耗能能力得到了显著改善,并且随着阻尼系数的提高而提高。
本次试验探索了周期性动力荷载下黏滞阻尼器在钢结构仿古建筑异形节点中耗能的定量分析方法。所选阻尼器自带传感器智能检测系统,已经具备小幅度的疲劳下性能数据采集功能。在下一步研究中,将基于所提方法进行实际工程中黏滞阻尼器小幅度变形下的疲劳下性能研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52008330)
  • 河南省高校科技创新团队资助项目(21IRTSTHN010)
  • 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23B560009)
  • 河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(242102320318)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404032
  • 接收时间:2024-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15
  • 修回日期:2024-08-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52008330)
河南省高校科技创新团队资助项目(21IRTSTHN010)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23B560009)
河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(242102320318)
作者信息
    1.洛阳理工学院智能建造与土木工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023
    2.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    3.海南大学土木建筑工程学院,海南 海口 570228

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王新武(1971—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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