Article(id=1227591033261851442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691596800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-10, revisedDate=1698681600000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610109866, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610109866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610109866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610109866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591023870800760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='8', pageStart='1645', pageEnd='1934', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610107611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610373804, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1889, endPage=1899, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591035128316736, articleId=1227591033261851442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Experimental study on RC frame with weak joints by wing wall strengthening method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Recent earthquake damage investigations found that a large number of reinforced concrete frame buildings were heavily destroyed at beam-column joints and columns,without forming the beam-hinging mechanism expected in the design. Installing reinforced concrete wing walls beside the existing columns remains a fundamental and effective strengthening method,by improving seismic performance of both the columns and the joints,while promoting a beam-yielding mechanism. Two 1/2-scale frame specimens were manufactured,and one of them was strengthened by post-installation wing wall. By quasi-static tests,hysteretic behaviour,deformation capacity,energy dissipation power and failure mode of the two specimens were examined. The results show that the stiffness,bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the strengthened frame were significantly improved. After strengthening,failure mode of the frame was changed from joints shear failure to expected beam-hinging. The efficiency and applicability of wing wall installation method were validated for strengthening existing frame structure buildings with seriously weak beam-column joints.

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国内外震害表明,大量钢筋混凝土(RC)框架建筑梁-柱节点或柱发生严重破坏,未能形成设计期望的梁端铰破坏机制。在柱内侧增设RC翼墙,能够同时加固既有框架的柱和节点,促进梁铰机构形成,是一种简单有效的加固方式。本文制作两个1/2缩尺的钢筋混凝土框架,并对其中一个采用后置翼墙法进行抗震加固。通过拟静力试验,研究了两试件的滞回性能、变形能力、耗能能力及破坏模式等抗震性能。结果表明,加固后框架的的刚度、承载力和耗能能力得到了显著提升,试件由节点剪切破坏转变为理想的梁屈服破坏,验证了在节点抗剪承载力严重不足的极端情况下,通过增设翼墙加固既有钢筋混凝土框架的可行性和有效性。

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李曰兵(1980—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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Mechanical properties of concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
使用部位设计强度抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/(×104 MPa)
既有结构C4057.902.933.57
翼墙C4053.803.213.51
), ArticleFig(id=1227653596959933255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033261851442, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

混凝土力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
使用部位设计强度抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/(×104 MPa)
既有结构C4057.902.933.57
翼墙C4053.803.213.51
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Mechanical properties of reinforcement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
直径/mm规格屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa
6HPB300454.0622.6
8HRB400464.8684.6
10HRB400417.3541.3
12HRB400479.0623.0
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钢筋力学性能

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直径/mm规格屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa
6HPB300454.0622.6
8HRB400464.8684.6
10HRB400417.3541.3
12HRB400479.0623.0
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后置翼墙法加固弱节点型RC框架试验研究
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李曰兵 1, 2 , 王航 1 , 严琪 3 , 单良 4 , 邢爽 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(8): 1889-1899
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(8): 1889-1899
后置翼墙法加固弱节点型RC框架试验研究
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李曰兵1, 2 , 王航1, 严琪3, 单良4, 邢爽1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.东北电力大学建筑工程学院,吉林 吉林 132012
  • 2.东北电力大学吉林省电力基础设施安全评估与灾害防治重点实验室,吉林 吉林 132012
  • 3.中广核工程有限公司,广东 深圳 518000
  • 4.中国电建集团吉林省电力勘测设计院有限公司,吉林 长春 130022

通讯作者:

李曰兵(1980—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Experimental study on RC frame with weak joints by wing wall strengthening method
Yuebing LI1, 2 , Hang WANG1, Qi YAN3, Liang SHAN4, Shuang XING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
  • 2.Key Lab of Electric Power Infrastructure Safety Assessment and Disaster Prevention of Jilin Province,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China
  • 3.China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000,China
  • 4.POWERCHINA Jilin Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Changchun 130022,China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308022
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国内外震害表明,大量钢筋混凝土(RC)框架建筑梁-柱节点或柱发生严重破坏,未能形成设计期望的梁端铰破坏机制。在柱内侧增设RC翼墙,能够同时加固既有框架的柱和节点,促进梁铰机构形成,是一种简单有效的加固方式。本文制作两个1/2缩尺的钢筋混凝土框架,并对其中一个采用后置翼墙法进行抗震加固。通过拟静力试验,研究了两试件的滞回性能、变形能力、耗能能力及破坏模式等抗震性能。结果表明,加固后框架的的刚度、承载力和耗能能力得到了显著提升,试件由节点剪切破坏转变为理想的梁屈服破坏,验证了在节点抗剪承载力严重不足的极端情况下,通过增设翼墙加固既有钢筋混凝土框架的可行性和有效性。

钢筋混凝土  /  框架结构  /  抗震加固  /  后置翼墙  /  梁-柱节点  /  拟静力试验

Recent earthquake damage investigations found that a large number of reinforced concrete frame buildings were heavily destroyed at beam-column joints and columns,without forming the beam-hinging mechanism expected in the design. Installing reinforced concrete wing walls beside the existing columns remains a fundamental and effective strengthening method,by improving seismic performance of both the columns and the joints,while promoting a beam-yielding mechanism. Two 1/2-scale frame specimens were manufactured,and one of them was strengthened by post-installation wing wall. By quasi-static tests,hysteretic behaviour,deformation capacity,energy dissipation power and failure mode of the two specimens were examined. The results show that the stiffness,bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the strengthened frame were significantly improved. After strengthening,failure mode of the frame was changed from joints shear failure to expected beam-hinging. The efficiency and applicability of wing wall installation method were validated for strengthening existing frame structure buildings with seriously weak beam-column joints.

reinforced concrete  /  frame structure  /  seismic strengthening  /  wing wall  /  beam-column joint  /  quasi-static test
李曰兵, 王航, 严琪, 单良, 邢爽. 后置翼墙法加固弱节点型RC框架试验研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1889 -1899 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308022
Yuebing LI, Hang WANG, Qi YAN, Liang SHAN, Shuang XING. Experimental study on RC frame with weak joints by wing wall strengthening method[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1889 -1899 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308022
钢筋混凝土框架结构因受力传递路径清晰、结构布置灵活等优点而得到广泛应用[1]。梁-柱节点是连接框架梁、柱以及上、下层之间传力的关键部位,起着传递和分配内力、保证结构整体性的作用,节点核心区是保证框架承载力和抗倒塌能力的关键部位[2]。但在众多国内外震害调查中发现,许多建筑的节点发生严重破坏,甚至导致结构发生倒塌。
图1所示,由受灾建筑中裸露的节点区配筋可见,众多RC框架结构建筑的梁-柱节点区少配置甚至未配置箍筋,导致节点区率先发生剪切破坏[2-5]。本应配置箍筋的节点区未配筋的原因有:一是现场施工管理不严格,施工人员将节点区箍筋移到了柱端;二是节点区位置梁主筋、柱主筋、节点区箍筋纵横交错,安装顺序错误导致箍筋无法安装,施工人员发现后,由于返工难度极大而放弃了配箍。
针对节点的抗震加固,国内外学者提出了多种方法,如粘贴碳纤维加固[6]、在梁-柱形成的内角安装支撑加固[7]等方法。但是,这些方法存在成本高、防火与耐久性差、材料获取困难等局限性,特别是在经济、技术较差的发展中国家难以推广。并且只针对梁-柱节点加固,在地震荷载作用下,特别是柱截面较小时,极易形成另外一种非理想的破坏模式(柱端弯曲破坏)。
增设翼墙可以使框架结构损伤均匀发展,提高结构的冗余度[8-9],作为框架柱的加固方法,已经在工程中应用。本文的前期研究提出了利用增设翼墙法加固梁-柱节点,针对边节点开展了加固试验,并进一步应用于对中等程度震损节点的修复,在节点局部构件的层面验证了有效性,并提出了增设翼墙法加固边节点的力学模型[10],用于加固后节点的承载力评价。
针对脆弱梁-柱节点采用增设RC翼墙法进行加固,前期研究[10-11]仅针对梁-柱边节点开展了加固试验,未针对更为接近建筑真实状况的框架开展试验研究。为研究增设翼墙法对含有脆弱节点框架结构的加固效果,本文制作两个1/2缩尺两层两跨平面框架,开展拟静力试验,通过分析加固前后试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力及破坏模式,验证通过翼墙加固脆弱梁-柱节点框架的有效性和适应性。
在前期研究的基础上,本文以2009年苏门答腊地震中倒塌的某框架结构建筑为原型[1012],以LI等[10]提出的翼墙加固设计方法,设计并制作了如图2所示两层两跨1/2缩尺试件。受版面限制,将未加固试件F(图2(a)中无翼墙时)和翼墙加固试件FW合并表示。与建筑物原型相同,两试件梁-柱节点区均未配置抗剪钢筋,梁-柱的箍筋弯钩为90°。
地震中保证节点完好是结构抗倒塌的重要保障,国内外主要抗震规范[213-14]均高度重视梁-柱节点的抗震性能,因此对节点的锚固、配箍率等均给出了明确的构造要求。本文研究对象节点区未配箍筋,且柱截面偏小导致梁筋锚固长度较短,属于不满足构造要求的节点。规范[213-14]给出的节点承载力计算公式是以满足构造要求为前提的,因此用规范[213-14]公式评价不满足构造要求节点的承载力是不合理的。
SHIOHARA等[15]提出了节点抗弯力学模型,并给出了能够考虑节点细部构造的抗弯承载力的评价公式。引入下式所示强度折减系数βj,即节点的强度Mju与相邻梁在端部成铰时对应的节点中心弯矩Mbu,j之比:
βj=ξr[0.85-atfybjDbFc+14(ξaMcu1,j+Mcu2,jMbu,j-1)+12(ajfjyatfy)]
因此节点抗弯承载力可由下式计算:
Mju=βjMbu,j
式中,Fc为混凝土抗压强度;bj为节点有效剪切宽度;ξr为节点纵横比影响系数;ξa为有效柱深比值;Mcu1,jMcu2,jMbu,j分别为上柱、下柱、梁在危险截面达到抗弯承载力时对应的节点中心处弯矩;Db为梁高;aj为节点区箍筋总截面积;fjy为节点箍筋屈服应力;atfy分别为梁受拉钢筋截面积和屈服应力。
前期研究[10]针对梁-柱边节点,在利用SHIOHARA等[15]方法评价节点承载力的基础上,提出了边节点构件承载力评价和失效模式的判定方法。假定框架结构在地震力作用下,梁、柱的反弯点均位于中点,则边节点构件的弯矩分布如图3所示。图3中,Mc1,jVc1分别为上柱的弯矩和剪力;Mc2,jVc2分别为下柱的弯矩和剪力;Mb,jVb分别为梁端的弯矩和剪力。
Mbu,j=Mbulb/2lb/2-hc/2
Mcu,j=Mculc/2lc/2-hb/2
Mfu=min[(Mcu1,j+Mcu2,j),Mbu,j,Mju]=min[(Mcu1,j+Mcu2,j),Mbu,j,βjMbu]
首先采用规范[13]公式计算梁、上柱和下柱的抗弯承载力MbuMcu1Mcu2。然后,分别按式(3)和(4)计算梁、柱在危险截面处达到抗弯强度时,对应的节点中心处弯矩Mbu,jMcu1,jMcu2,j;利用式(1)和(2)计算节点抗弯承载力Mju。则边节点构件的承载力Mfu可由式(5)得到。梁、柱和节点三者中,承载力最小者首先发生破坏。若节点的承载力最小,则该边节点构件将发生节点破坏,需要对节点进行加固,以满足“强节点弱构件”的抗震概念。
针对本文的原型框架结构中的边节点,利用式(1)~(5)计算得到柱(Mcu1,j+Mcu2,j)、梁(Mbu,j)、节点(Mju)的弯矩承载力分别为90.9、51.4、46.9 kNm,可见节点的承载力最小,需要对节点进行加固。由于在既往研究中暂未发现针对中节点的加固必要性判定方法,本文仅对边节点的加固必要性进行了判定,中节点拟采用与边节点相同的加固参数。
经评价原型框架属于弱节点型框架,需要加固。对该框架采用在既有框架柱内侧增设RC翼墙的方法进行加固,翼墙宽度初步设定为既有柱的宽度加混凝土保护层厚度(20 mm),即220 mm;翼墙厚度为100 mm;翼墙与既有结构间采用直径10 mm的植筋连接,根据《建筑抗震加固技术规程》(JGJ 116—2009)[16],植筋深度为既有结构侧12dd为植筋直径),翼墙侧15d,梁侧植筋单排布置,柱侧双排交错布置,翼墙混凝土设计强度为C40。
前期研究[10-11]提出了如图4所示增设翼墙法加固边节点的加固力学模型。在地震力作用下,节点区易产生如图所示的裂缝,梁发生弯曲,增设的翼墙对梁产生压力C和拉力T(由植筋提供),并阻止梁的变形和节点裂缝扩展。加固后的节点承载力,在CT的作用下,由Mju提高至Mju,r,如下式所示:
Mju,r=Mju+ClC+TlT
若加固后节点承载力大于梁在危险截面(翼墙止端)达到抗弯承载力时对应的节点中心弯矩Mbu,r,j,如下式所示,则能够实现梁早于节点破坏,形成梁端铰机构的加固目标:
Mju,r>Mbu,r,j
加固后结构在梁达到最大承载力时,对应的柱端弯矩可通过节点中心处的力矩平衡求得。翼墙作用力CT及其作用点至节点中心的距离lClT可通过对翼墙与既有柱形成的T形截面在柱端弯矩作用下的截面分析计算求得。
针对初步确定的翼墙参数,利用式(6)计算出加固后框架FW边节点的承载力Mju,r为82.6 kNm,大于梁承载力Mbu,r,j(60.8 kNm),满足加固需求。加固试件采用前述初步确定的翼墙尺寸对边节点和中节点进行加固。两试件使用的混凝土和钢筋的力学性能分别如表12所示。
试验装置如图5所示,在试件顶梁处采用MTS液压伺服作动器施加拟静力往复荷载,并使用千斤顶对各柱施加恒定轴向力,中柱轴压比为0.1,边柱轴压比为0.05。加载全程采用图6所示位移控制,位移角定义为作动器伸缩长度与其距地梁顶端高度的比值,当承载力下降至85%以下或试件接近倒塌时停止加载。
测量柱主筋的各层柱顶、柱脚位置,梁纵筋的梁端、翼墙端部(加固止端)位置,梁侧锚筋的应变,一层梁-柱节点区剪切变形,柱顶、柱脚和梁的危险截面处的转角。一层右节点区采用VIC-3D非接触式应变观测系统测定节点区混凝土应变。
图7为两试件最大承载力时的局部损伤情况。试件F(未加固)和试件FW(加固)的滞回曲线、骨架曲线和最终破坏情况如图89所示,破坏过程如下:
(1) 试件F
加载至位移角R=0.25%时,首先在一层中节点区域出现斜向裂缝,然后在梁端出现初始弯曲裂缝。加载至R=0.75%时,中节点区斜裂缝增大增宽,一层左节点出现斜裂缝,梁端弯曲裂缝不断增加。R=1.0%时,节点区新增多条斜裂缝,并且原有裂缝宽度增大。加载至R=1.5%时,中节点新增多条斜向裂缝。加载至R=2%时,节点斜裂缝继续增大延伸,缝宽为0.8 mm,梁端弯曲裂缝不断增宽,二层中柱柱顶出现压溃现象,并伴随少量混凝土剥落,从滞回曲线可以看出,此时刚度下降明显。R=3%时,正、负加载方向承载力均达到最大值,分别为+201.9和-205.5 kN,图7(a)所示中节点区裂缝增宽延伸,少量混凝土剥落,图7(e)所示左柱一层柱脚出现压溃现象。在R=5.5%正加载方向,一层左、中、右节点区均漏出主筋,大量混凝土剥落,节点区发生严重破坏,强度下降至最大承载力的82%,停止加载。
(2) 试件FW
位移角R=0.25%时,首先在一层和二层中节点梁端出现初始弯曲裂缝,一层中节点的梁危险截面处(翼墙末端)出现微小裂缝。R=0.5%时,一层中节点的既有梁根部出现微小裂缝,左柱和中柱在一层柱脚出现多条弯曲裂缝。加载至R=0.75%时,一层中节点区出现微小斜裂缝,中节点梁端裂缝增宽,二层左柱柱顶新增多条弯曲裂缝。R=1%时,二层柱顶弯曲裂缝继续增加,中柱柱底翼墙侧出现弯曲裂缝,右柱柱脚与翼墙底交界处产生贯通裂缝,二层中柱及翼墙出现多条斜裂缝。R=1.5%时,中柱柱脚出现多条斜裂缝,一层左柱梁临界截面(加固止端)裂缝扩展至1.9 mm,左柱翼墙底部出现多条斜裂缝,翼墙底部出现轻微压溃现象,右柱柱脚出现压溃现象。在此循环的负向加载时,发现试件地梁滑动,重新固定后继续试验。继续加载至R=2%时,由滞回曲线可以看出,重新固定后刚度显著增大,承载力升高,正加载方向达到最大承载力344.2 kN,约为试件F的1.7倍,此时一层左柱翼墙底部、右柱柱脚、中柱翼墙顶部混凝土压溃,中柱翼墙底部与地梁交界处裂缝增大至8 mm,一层中节点加固止端位置出现轻微压溃。加载至R=-3%时。二层中柱翼墙顶部压溃,大量混凝土脱落,如图7(h)所示。一层中柱翼墙顶部轻微混凝土压碎,在此循环负加载方向承载力达到最大-328.42 kN,此时一层中柱翼墙底部压溃,大量混凝土脱落,中节点裂缝增宽。加载至R=4%时,中节点加固止端处混凝土压碎,左右柱梁临界截面(加固止端)处裂缝增大,在此循环负向加载时,一层左、右节点加固止端处大量混凝土压溃,梁纵筋压屈并露出。加载至R=5.4%时,中柱二层柱顶翼墙混凝土压溃,混凝土大面积脱落,翼墙纵筋屈曲。
刚度退化按割线刚度Ki计算[17],即每次循环正向和负向最大荷载绝对值之和与相应位移绝对值之和的比值,按下式计算:
Ki=|+Fi|+|-Fi||+Xi|+|-Xi|
式中,+-为加载方向;Fi为第i次峰值荷载;Xi为第i次峰值位移。刚度退化曲线如图10所示。
试件FW的刚度始终大于试件F,加固后结构的刚度显著提高。由于翼墙布置是不对称的,试件FW的负向初始刚度大于正向。在加载初期,两试件刚度退化较快。加载过程中,两试件的刚度退化趋势基本一致。加载后期,试件FW由于翼墙破坏严重,刚度退化较快。
试件的耗能能力大小可用滞回环包围的面积表示[18],两试件的累积耗能Ea对比如图11所示。可见试件FW的耗能能力远大于试件F。等效黏滞阻尼系数he[19]能够反映结构的耗能能力,计算公式如下所示:
he=12πSABC+CDASOBE+ODF
式中,SABC+CDA为滞回环面积,表示结构耗能大小;SOBE+ODF为三角形面积和。计算示意图和结果分别如图1213所示。可见试件FW的等效黏滞阻尼系数始终大于试件F,加固后结构的耗能能力显著提高。
利用图14所示节点区交叉布置的位移计,按下式计算节点区的剪切角:
γ=a2+b2ab(Δ1+Δ22)
式中,ab分别为节点区两位移计的水平和垂直距离;Δ1Δ2为节点区交叉布置位移计的测值。
两试件一层左侧边节点的剪切角变化对比如图15(a)所示,可见试件F的剪切变形随加载进程逐渐增大,加固后试件的剪切变形始终近似为零。一层中节点的剪切角对比如图15(b)所示,由于中节点在加载过程中所受剪力是边节点的两倍,加固后对于中节点的剪切变形降低效果较边节点低,但加固后试件FW中节点的剪切变形仍低于试件F。
利用图14所示梁端上下成对布置的位移计,依据下式计算一层中节点左侧梁端转角θ,结果如图16所示:
θ=Δ3+Δ4h
式中,Δ3Δ4分别为梁端上、下位移计的测值;h为位移计的垂直距离。
图16可见,未加固试件F的梁端转角随加载进程无明显发展,在梁端未形成塑性铰;加固后试件翼墙止端(图14中B截面)处梁转角随加载进行不断增大,且远大于梁根部(图14中A截面),表明加固后损伤主要集中在梁的加固止端位置,并形成了塑性铰。
由非接触式应变观测系统测得的两试件在各自最大承载力时一层右节点混凝土剪切应变云图如图17所示。当位移角达到2%时,试件F的节点区混凝土应变达到0.01,远超混凝土的极限压应变,形成明显的斜压杆机构,并与节点斜裂缝方向一致。试件FW的有翼墙部分的梁与既有结构节点区组成新的节点核心区,节点区面积增大,斜压杆倾角显著变小。在整个加载过程中,节点区混凝土的应变值较小,最大承载力时应变最大值仅为0.001,远小于未加固试件。
钢筋和植筋应变的测量位置及代号如图18所示。随着加载进行,各位移角峰值时的应变如图19所示。
一层边节点梁主筋的应变如图19(a)和(b)所示,柱面位置A处试件F的梁筋达到了屈服应力,但试件FW未屈服,表明增设翼墙后,降低了通过梁主筋输入到边节点的剪力,对节点形成了有效的保护;翼墙止端B处试件F未屈服,加固试件FW在位移角超过2.0%后,应力达到屈服点并迅速增加。由一层中节点梁主筋应变数据图19(c)和(d)可见,在柱面位置C处,两试件均达到屈服点,但加固后应变显著降低,且屈服位移延后;在翼墙止端D处,加固试件FW的应变值大于试件F,且在位移角2.0%后超过屈服点。结合图7节点的破坏情况,可知加固后试件一层梁在加固止端形成塑性铰。
图19(e)所示一层柱脚应变可知,未加固试件F加载至R=3%时柱脚纵筋受拉屈服,试件FW翼墙一侧柱脚的纵筋应变较小且并未屈服,结合图7(e)和(f)的破坏现象,表明在加载过程中翼墙先于柱发生破坏,发挥了第一道防线作用。
翼墙锚筋应变测量结果如图19(f)所示,同一侧翼墙锚筋应变变化趋势基本一致,越靠近外侧的锚筋应变越大,在柱内侧增设翼墙后形成的T形截面基本满足平截面假定;随位移角的增大应变不断增大,但至加载结束锚筋未屈服。
通过加固使结构形成理想的破坏机制,是抗震加固的重要目标。本节综合试件的损伤状况、钢筋应变、变形,判定加固前后试件的破坏模式,分析加固效果。
二层右节点区和中节点区的最终破坏情况如图20所示。对比图20(a)和(b)两图,可见未加固的试件F最大裂缝出现在柱端,且出现了混凝土压溃现象;试件FW的最大裂缝出现在梁端并出现混凝土压溃现象。由图20(c)和(d)可见,两试件中柱的柱顶均发生严重破坏。结合梁、柱主筋应变数值,可以推断二层顶端的破坏模式:边节点在加固前在柱顶形成塑性铰,加固后在梁端形成塑性铰;中柱在加固前后,均在柱顶形成塑性铰。
两个试件的柱脚均发生弯曲破坏,形成塑性铰。未加固试件F的一层各节点区全部发生严重破坏,形成铰机构;加固后,试件FW的边节点区仅出现微小斜裂缝,梁端形成明显的塑性铰,中节点区的梁端和节点核心区均出现较为严重的损伤,但节点损伤较试件F得到大幅抑制,结合钢筋应变和构件变形,可以判定梁端基本形成塑性铰机构。
综上所述,加固前后框架的塑性铰位置如图21所示。加固后,一层由节点成铰转变为梁端成铰,二层边柱由柱顶成铰转变为梁端成铰,中柱未实现塑形铰的转移。
由试验结果可知,试验采用的加固方案对框架边节点的加固效果显著,避免了边节点的破坏。然而,加固框架的中节点仍旧受到较为严重的损伤。地震作用下,中节点受到的剪力约为边节点的2倍,为使中节点达到与边节点相同的加固效果,需要进一步增加翼墙加固量。本节改进加固方案,在试验采用的加固试件FW的基础上,在中柱的另一侧也增设翼墙,即中柱左右侧对称布置翼墙,并通过有限元方法分析加固效果。
利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值模拟,混凝土本构关系参考《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)[20]中的受压和受拉应力应变关系。钢筋采用CLOUGH[21]提出的带有再加载时指向刚度退化双线性滞回模型,该模型能够有效模拟钢筋混凝土的粘结滑移。钢筋与混凝土采用分离式建模方法。首先对试验试件进行建模并分析,与试验结果对比后对模型进行修正。验证建模方法的正确性后,采用相同的方法建立中柱两侧对称设置翼墙的加固试件的有限元模型并进行分析。
图2223可见,在中柱两侧均布置翼墙后,中节点的损伤得到显著抑制,混凝土损伤和等效累积塑性应变主要集中在翼墙端部和加固止端梁位置处,形成了理想的梁端铰机构,达到加固预期目标。
本文针对含脆弱节点的框架开展拟静力试验,评价后置翼墙对节点抗剪承载力不足框架的加固效果。从试件的承载力、刚度退化、耗能能力以及破坏模式等方面进行了分析,主要结论如下:
(1) 未加固试件F属于弱节点型框架,试验结论与理论评价结果一致,节点发生严重破坏。增设翼墙加固节点后,试件破坏主要发生在加固止端梁位置处,有效地保护了节点区。验证了在节点承载力严重不足的情况下,通过增设翼墙加固弱节点型框架的有效性和可行性。
(2) 翼墙加固有效地提高了结构的抗震性能,加固后试件FW最大承载力较未加固试件F提高71%左右,累积耗能能力约为未加固试件F的2.3倍,并且试件FW的刚度明显高于试件F,刚度退化率基本一致。
(3) 加固后有效地防止了节点破坏,达成了梁端铰机构的加固目标。中节点仍旧产生了一定的损伤,对边节点的加固效果优于中节点。利用有限元法对在中柱双侧均布置翼墙的情况进行了模拟,有效抑制了中节点的损伤,取得了良好的效果。
(4) 加固后框架的二层边柱柱顶的破坏模式,由柱端铰机构转变为梁端铰机构,表明增设翼墙在加固节点的同时提升了柱的抗弯承载力,进一步促进了梁端铰机构的形成。
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200801010GH)
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2025年第38卷第8期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308022
  • 接收时间:2023-08-10
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-10
  • 修回日期:2023-10-31
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吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200801010GH)
作者信息
    1.东北电力大学建筑工程学院,吉林 吉林 132012
    2.东北电力大学吉林省电力基础设施安全评估与灾害防治重点实验室,吉林 吉林 132012
    3.中广核工程有限公司,广东 深圳 518000
    4.中国电建集团吉林省电力勘测设计院有限公司,吉林 长春 130022

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李曰兵(1980—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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