Article(id=1227591033257657137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704384000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-05, revisedDate=1712764800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610109866, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610109866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610109866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610109866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591023870800760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='8', pageStart='1645', pageEnd='1934', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610107611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610373804, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1848, endPage=1856, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591034650166078, articleId=1227591033257657137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Full frequency band control method of environmental vibration based on the coordination of metro vibration source and propagation path, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Steel spring floating slab tracks are equipped to reduce the vibration impact on precision instruments along the metro lines,but the ground vibration would be amplified at the natural frequency of the tracks. In order to address the negative impact of natural frequency vibration amplification on the surrounding environment of floating slab track,a full frequency control method considering frequency matching for environmental vibration in collaboration with metro vibration sources and propagation paths is proposed,which is based on the theory of periodic structure bandgap structure. The effectiveness of this method is analyzed by establishing a three-dimensional metro train-floating slab track coupling model and a finite element analysis model of track bed-tunnel- soil-row piles. The research results show that the ground vibration can be reduced about 4~7 dB at the natural frequency of the floating slab track plate by adjusting the band gap range of periodic pile to 7~9 Hz,eliminating the adverse effect of vibration amplification at the natural frequency of the track. Compared to ordinary tracks,the environmental vibration comprehensive control method proposed in this article has good vibration control effects and can effectively reduce the vibration level of sensitive points on the ground in the full frequency range.

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地铁采用钢弹簧浮置板轨道降低对沿线敏感目标的环境振动影响,但在固有频率处存在振动放大问题。为降低浮置板轨道固有频率处振动放大对周围环境的负面影响,本文基于周期结构带隙理论提出低频隔振排桩结构以及考虑频率匹配的地铁振源-传播路径协同控制全频段环境振动方法,通过建立三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道耦合频域解析模型及三维道床-隧道-土层-排桩有限元模型分析该方法对车致环境振动的控制效果。研究表明:针对浮置板轨道固有频率设计的周期性排桩带隙范围为7~9 Hz,可使地表拾振点处在浮置板固有频率附近频段的振动加速度级降低4~7 dB,消除了轨道固有频率处振动放大的不利影响;相比普通轨道,地铁振源-传播路径协同的环境振动控制方法有效降低了地表拾振点处全频段的振动水平,具有良好的车致环境振动控制效果。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
姜博龙(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师。E-mail:
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谭新宇(1994—),男,博士,工程师。E-mail:

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Stratigraphic parameters

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地层编号土类底层标高/m厚度/m剪切波速/(m∙s-1)密度/(kg∙m-3)泊松比动弹性模量/MPa
1素填土3.03.013019300.3588.0
2粉质黏土23.020.029018800.45458.0
3粉砂50.327.336021000.36680.0
), ArticleFig(id=1227653590630728296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地层参数

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地层编号土类底层标高/m厚度/m剪切波速/(m∙s-1)密度/(kg∙m-3)泊松比动弹性模量/MPa
1素填土3.03.013019300.3588.0
2粉质黏土23.020.029018800.45458.0
3粉砂50.327.336021000.36680.0
), ArticleFig(id=1227653590764946034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Artificial viscoelastic boundary coefficients

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地层编号弹簧刚度系数阻尼系数
kx/(kN∙m-3)ky/(kN∙m-3)kz/(kN∙m-3)cp/(kN·s∙m-1)cs/(kN·s∙m-1)
11816214005527253
254543420591825550
38473649619507901564732
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人工黏弹性边界系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层编号弹簧刚度系数阻尼系数
kx/(kN∙m-3)ky/(kN∙m-3)kz/(kN∙m-3)cp/(kN·s∙m-1)cs/(kN·s∙m-1)
11816214005527253
254543420591825550
38473649619507901564732
), ArticleFig(id=1227653590983049853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Calculation parameters of the type-B metro train and the track

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参数取值
车体质量Mc/kg4.3×104
转向架质量Mt/kg3.6×103
轮对质量Mw/kg1.7×103
车体质量惯性矩Jc/(kg∙m2)1.7×106
转向架质量惯性矩Jt/(kg∙m2)9.62×103
轮轨接触常数G/(m∙N-2/3)5.147×10-8
车长l/m19
钢轨单位长度质量m/(kg∙m-1)60.64
钢轨抗弯刚度EI/(MN∙m2)6.625
钢轨损耗因子η0.01
单排钢弹簧个数n16
二系悬挂刚度kt/(N∙m-1)5.8×105
二系悬挂阻尼ct/(N∙s∙m-1)1.6×105
一系悬挂刚度kw/(N∙m-1)1.4×106
一系悬挂阻尼cw/(N∙s∙m-1)5×104
半定距dd/m6.3
半轴距dz/m1.1
静轮轨力P0/N7×104
扣件刚度kr/(kN∙m-1)65
扣件阻尼cr/(kN∙s∙m-1)30
扣件间距L/m0.6
钢弹簧间距Ls/m1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1227653591104684673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

地铁B型车及轨道的计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值
车体质量Mc/kg4.3×104
转向架质量Mt/kg3.6×103
轮对质量Mw/kg1.7×103
车体质量惯性矩Jc/(kg∙m2)1.7×106
转向架质量惯性矩Jt/(kg∙m2)9.62×103
轮轨接触常数G/(m∙N-2/3)5.147×10-8
车长l/m19
钢轨单位长度质量m/(kg∙m-1)60.64
钢轨抗弯刚度EI/(MN∙m2)6.625
钢轨损耗因子η0.01
单排钢弹簧个数n16
二系悬挂刚度kt/(N∙m-1)5.8×105
二系悬挂阻尼ct/(N∙s∙m-1)1.6×105
一系悬挂刚度kw/(N∙m-1)1.4×106
一系悬挂阻尼cw/(N∙s∙m-1)5×104
半定距dd/m6.3
半轴距dz/m1.1
静轮轨力P0/N7×104
扣件刚度kr/(kN∙m-1)65
扣件阻尼cr/(kN∙s∙m-1)30
扣件间距L/m0.6
钢弹簧间距Ls/m1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1227653591251485323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Design parameters of floating slab track

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浮置板轨道类型常规浮置板轨道特殊浮置板轨道
板厚/m0.40.54
板长/m2525
板宽/m33
隔振器刚度/(MN∙m-1)6.95.5
隔振器阻尼/(MN∙s∙m-1)0.030.05
), ArticleFig(id=1227653591368925843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591033257657137, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浮置板轨道的设计参数

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浮置板轨道类型常规浮置板轨道特殊浮置板轨道
板厚/m0.40.54
板长/m2525
板宽/m33
隔振器刚度/(MN∙m-1)6.95.5
隔振器阻尼/(MN∙s∙m-1)0.030.05
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地铁振源-传播路径协同控制全频段环境振动方法研究
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谭新宇 1 , 姜博龙 1 , 刘冀钊 1 , 齐春雨 1 , 左汉文 2 , 陈江雪 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(8): 1848-1856
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(8): 1848-1856
地铁振源-传播路径协同控制全频段环境振动方法研究
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谭新宇1 , 姜博龙1 , 刘冀钊1, 齐春雨1, 左汉文2, 陈江雪1
作者信息
  • 1.中国铁路设计集团有限公司城市轨道交通数字化建设与测评技术国家工程研究中心,天津 300308
  • 2.中国电子工程设计院有限公司,北京 100142
  • 谭新宇(1994—),男,博士,工程师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

姜博龙(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师。E-mail:
Full frequency band control method of environmental vibration based on the coordination of metro vibration source and propagation path
Xinyu TAN1 , Bolong JIANG1 , Jizhao LIU1, Chunyu QI1, Hanwen ZUO2, Jiangxue CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.National Engineering Research Center for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit,China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China
  • 2.China Electronics Engineering Design Institute Corporation,Beijing 100142,China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008
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地铁采用钢弹簧浮置板轨道降低对沿线敏感目标的环境振动影响,但在固有频率处存在振动放大问题。为降低浮置板轨道固有频率处振动放大对周围环境的负面影响,本文基于周期结构带隙理论提出低频隔振排桩结构以及考虑频率匹配的地铁振源-传播路径协同控制全频段环境振动方法,通过建立三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道耦合频域解析模型及三维道床-隧道-土层-排桩有限元模型分析该方法对车致环境振动的控制效果。研究表明:针对浮置板轨道固有频率设计的周期性排桩带隙范围为7~9 Hz,可使地表拾振点处在浮置板固有频率附近频段的振动加速度级降低4~7 dB,消除了轨道固有频率处振动放大的不利影响;相比普通轨道,地铁振源-传播路径协同的环境振动控制方法有效降低了地表拾振点处全频段的振动水平,具有良好的车致环境振动控制效果。

地铁  /  浮置板轨道  /  局域共振型排桩  /  综合减隔振  /  带隙

Steel spring floating slab tracks are equipped to reduce the vibration impact on precision instruments along the metro lines,but the ground vibration would be amplified at the natural frequency of the tracks. In order to address the negative impact of natural frequency vibration amplification on the surrounding environment of floating slab track,a full frequency control method considering frequency matching for environmental vibration in collaboration with metro vibration sources and propagation paths is proposed,which is based on the theory of periodic structure bandgap structure. The effectiveness of this method is analyzed by establishing a three-dimensional metro train-floating slab track coupling model and a finite element analysis model of track bed-tunnel- soil-row piles. The research results show that the ground vibration can be reduced about 4~7 dB at the natural frequency of the floating slab track plate by adjusting the band gap range of periodic pile to 7~9 Hz,eliminating the adverse effect of vibration amplification at the natural frequency of the track. Compared to ordinary tracks,the environmental vibration comprehensive control method proposed in this article has good vibration control effects and can effectively reduce the vibration level of sensitive points on the ground in the full frequency range.

metro  /  floating slab track  /  local resonance row piles  /  comprehensive vibration isolation  /  band gap
谭新宇, 姜博龙, 刘冀钊, 齐春雨, 左汉文, 陈江雪. 地铁振源-传播路径协同控制全频段环境振动方法研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1848 -1856 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008
Xinyu TAN, Bolong JIANG, Jizhao LIU, Chunyu QI, Hanwen ZUO, Jiangxue CHEN. Full frequency band control method of environmental vibration based on the coordination of metro vibration source and propagation path[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1848 -1856 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008
城市轨道交通的迅猛发展与精密仪器的规模化应用是中国目前经济社会快速发展的重要标志。与此同时,城市轨道交通振动问题与精密仪器正常使用间的矛盾愈发突出,地铁运行可能对精密仪器的正常使用产生较大影响,而地铁改线往往要付出较大的时间成本和经济代价[1]。浮置板轨道作为最高级别的轨道减振措施,被广泛应用于精密仪器隔振路段。目前,常规设计使用的浮置板轨道自振频率在10 Hz左右,能有效控制大于其自振频率2倍以上频段的环境振动,但浮置板轨道的使用一定程度上会放大其自振频率处的环境振动,且其低频振动控制效果有限[2]。为解决此问题,杨吉忠等[3]、朱胜阳等[4]、张龙庆等[5]对动力吸振器在浮置板轨道进行低频振动控制的效果进行了研究,发现动力吸振器可抑制轨道在自振频率处的振动;盛曦等[6]设计了声子晶体型浮置板轨道结构,引入弹性波带隙使浮置板轨道的低频减振性能得以提升。以上研究均是从轨道减振的单一角度进行考虑。
近年来,带隙理论发展迅速,其基本思想是通过设计周期性结构的参数,使特定频段的振动波无法通过周期性结构,以达到隔绝振动传播的目的[7]。石志飞等[8]基于此设计了周期性群桩并将其引入工程隔振领域。姜博龙等[9]系统地研究了局域共振型排桩在轨道交通隔振中的应用,并对排桩选型、材料组成及参数设计等提出了建议。针对特定频段隔振的周期性排桩在工程隔振领域的试验研究,为地铁振动协同隔振设计提供了思路。
本文基于带隙理论,提出一种考虑频率匹配的浮置板轨道和周期性排桩协同的环境振动控制方法。首先建立三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道频域耦合解析模型,计算列车通过时引起的板下钢弹簧支承反力,随后按实际空间位置将其施加到三维道床-隧道-地层-排桩有限元模型,计算地表拾振点处的振动加速度响应。通过现场测试获得某地铁沿线地表拾振点处列车通过时的振动响应,以此为基础对模型计算结果进行校核,随后进一步对浮置板轨道振源减振与周期性排桩路径隔振的环境振动协同控制方法的应用效果进行探究,以期在全频段内实现对车致环境振动的控制,为解决地铁运行与精密仪器正常使用间的矛盾提供思路,并提供具体的设计参数。
为实现对地表振动敏感点进行全频段振动控制的目的,可采用城轨交通领域普遍使用的振源减振方法辅以路径隔振方法,两者优势互补,实现环境振动协同控制。
具体地,钢弹簧浮置板轨道作为轨道最高等级振动控制措施,具有宽频段高量级的振动控制能力,能有效控制高于其自振频率2倍以上频段的振动响应,分频最大振级插入损失可达40 dB,但浮置板轨道的加入会不可避免地放大其自振频率处的环境振动[10]。局域共振型周期性排桩结构(如图1所示)通过在混凝土桩身与土体间加入材料差异较大的包裹层,并同时对桩体材料、结构形式及周期常数等进行设计,可使基本单元所构成的振子在低频范围内发生共振产生带隙,使低频振动波无法通过,实现对特定频段的振动控制。图1中,r1r2分别为混凝土桩半径和橡胶套筒外径;A为群桩结构的周期常数。其优势在于隔振频段明确且可调,但其隔振频段较窄[11]
基于此,以钢弹簧浮置板轨道的自振频率附近频段为振动阻隔目标,基于声子晶体理论对周期性排桩结构进行选型,完成与轨道减振匹配的路径隔振措施设计,实现基于频率规划的环境振动协同控制设计。振动协同控制方法示意图如图2所示。
本文采用模型分析法对所提环境振动协同控制方法的效果进行评价。目前,在对轨道交通振动环境影响问题进行模型分析时,国内外学者多将整个系统分成车辆-轨道系统和隧道-地层系统两个子系统进行研究[12-13],将车辆-轨道系统计算得到的轨下力作为隧道-地层系统的激励源,实现两个系统的联结。本文首先在频域内建立三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道耦合解析模型,对地铁列车运行情况下的钢弹簧支承反力进行求解,随后建立三维道床-隧道-地层-排桩有限元分析模型,将计算得到的支承反力以点荷载形式对应施加在有限元模型中道床上各钢弹簧的实际空间位置处,以此为激励荷载,利用有限元模型计算分析列车运行引发的环境振动响应。
频域模型具有计算效率高、无人为截断误差影响等优势,本文在频域内建立如图3所示的三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道耦合解析模型,并在MATLAB软件中自编程序进行求解。模型中,基于多刚体理论将单节地铁车辆简化为具有2系质量弹簧体系的27自由度模型,整车考虑6节编组,通过D’Alembert原理可建立车辆系统中各部件在各自由度上的动力学方程,单节车辆动力学方程的频域表示如下:
(-ω2Mt+iωCt+Kt)U^t(ω)=F^(ω)
式中,U^t(ω)为车辆的频域位移向量;MtCtKt分别为车辆的质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵;F^(ω)为作用在列车各车轮上的轮轨频域力向量;ω为角频率。
模型中,钢轨用无限长Euler梁进行模拟,浮置板用四边自由的有限长Kirchhoff薄板进行模拟;轨下扣件和板下支承钢弹簧均用弹簧阻尼元件进行模拟。根据无限周期结构理论[14],无限长浮置板轨道可视为以单块浮置板范围内轨道为基本元的周期性离散支承结构,无限长轨道上任一点的振动响应均可通过求解该点在基本元内映射点的振动响应得到,移动谐振荷载作用下,一个周期内的轨道振动频域控制方程如下:
ErIr4u^rLy4-mrω2u^rL+kr*a=1Nr(u^rL-u^s)δ(y-yra)δ(x-xrL)=1veiωF-ωv(y-y0)δ(x-xrL)
ErIr4u^rRy4-mrω2u^rR+kr*a=1Nr(u^rR-u^s)δ(y-yra)δ(x-xrR)=1veiωF-ωv(y-y0)δ(x-xrR)
Eshs312(1-νs2)(4u^sx4+24u^sx2y2+4u^sy4)-ρshsω2u^s-    kr*a=1Nr(u^rL-u^s)δ(y-yra)δ(x-xrL)-    kr*a=1Nr(u^rR-u^s)δ(y-yra)δ(x-xrR)+    ks*b=1Nsu^sδ(y-ysb)δ(x-xsL)+    ks*b=1Nsu^sδ(y-ysb)δ(x-xsR)=0
式中,符号“ ^”表示各物理量在频域中的相应表示,u^rLu^rRu^s分别为左轨、右轨和浮置板的频域竖向位移;ErIr分别为钢轨的弹性模量和截面惯性矩;kr*=kr+iωcrks*=ks+iωcsEsνsρs分别为浮置板的弹性模量、泊松比和密度;NrNs分别为单侧扣件和钢弹簧的数量;mr为单位长度钢轨的质量;δ()为狄利克雷函数;ωF为移动谐振荷载的激励频率;v为荷载移动速度;hs为浮置板的厚度;y0为荷载起始点的纵坐标;xrLxrRxsLxsR分别为左轨、右轨、左侧钢弹簧和右侧钢弹簧的横坐标;yraysb分别为第a个扣件和第b个钢弹簧的纵坐标。
本文研究着眼于地铁列车运行引起的环境振动影响问题,重点关注频段为1~100 Hz。在此频段内,轮轨间接触弹簧可用线性赫兹接触理论进行模拟,轨道高低不平顺谱作为系统激励。对钢轨和浮置板位移用数学模态叠加法进行表示,根据轮轨间力的平衡及位移协调关系,可最终求解得到频域动态轮轨接触力,进而可以求得移动列车荷载作用下轨道振动响应和板下钢弹簧支承反力,具体求解过程见文献[15],利用此模型求解得到的轨道振动响应和支承反力的正确性和准确性已通过现场测试得到验证[15]。需要说明的是,当将轨道钢弹簧的支承刚度设置为极大值(远大于扣件支承刚度)时,浮置板轨道中板的振动响应极小,较钢轨振动响应可忽略不计,此时可视为钢轨通过扣件直接固定在刚性基础上,浮置板轨道模型退化为普通轨道模型。
以天津地铁某线经过置有精密仪器的科研单位为背景,在MIDAS GTS NX中建立三维道床-隧道-地层-排桩有限元分析模型,利用数值仿真与实测数据相结合的混合预测方法,对振动协同控制方法的效果进行分析评价。
根据实际线路及周边环境情况,建立道床-隧道-地层-排桩耦合的三维有限元分析模型,模型尺寸为100 m(长)×40 m(宽)×40 m(高)。根据地勘资料,模型建立范围内地层由3层土体构成,各层土的基本参数均通过现场实测及钻孔取样实验室测试方式得到,地层的具体参数如表1所示。隧道埋深15 m,为双线双洞盾构隧道,隧道直径6 m,管片厚度为0.3 m。混凝土衬砌的弹性模量E=3.5×1010 Pa,泊松比υ=0.25,密度ρ=2500 kg/m3。隧道仰拱处灌注混凝土道床,基底回填及道床板动弹性模量E=4.2×1010 Pa,泊松比ν=0.3,密度ρ=2500 kg/m3
模型采用四面体网格,按距振源的距离将网格划分为近场小网格、远场大网格及中间过渡的网格。道床、隧道及排桩的网格尺寸均为0.3 m,首层二层土体网格尺寸由隧道0.3 m小网格逐渐过渡到远场1.2 m大网格,底层土体的网格尺寸为2 m。为消除振动波传播的边界效应,模型采用人工黏弹性吸收边界,黏弹性边界层的刚度系数、阻尼系数按下式[16]进行计算:
法向边界:kfi=2GiriAi; cfi=ρiCpiAi
切向边界:kqi=2GiriAi; cqi=ρiCsiAi
式中,kici分别为土层的刚度系数和阻尼系数;Gi为土层的剪切模量;CpiCsi分别为土层的压缩波波速和剪切波波速;Ai为控制节点i所代表的面积;ri为散射元到控制节点i的间距;ρi为节点i所处地层的土体密度。
最终计算得到的人工黏弹性吸收边界层刚度系数、阻尼系数如表2所示,表中cpcs分别为垂向和切向阻尼系数。建立的三维有限元分析模型如图4所示,图中R为隧道结构外径。当进行无桩工况计算时,仅需将群桩结构的材料参数与地层参数设置成相同值即可。
在距线路中心线36 m处的地表位置布置测点,选用量程为0.12g的Lance AS0130系列振动加速度传感器及丹麦B&K公司的3160-A-042型多通道数据采集仪,对地铁列车以54 km/h速度运行在普通轨道引起的地表拾振点处的振动加速度响应进行采集,测试设备及现场布置图如图5所示。
利用第2节建立的模型对测试工况下的地表拾振点振动响应进行计算。在车-轨耦合模型中,采用美国六级轨道谱作为系统激励,同时设置板下钢弹簧支承刚度为极大值(106 MN/m),此时浮置板轨道可视为普通轨道,对有限元仿真模型范围内轨道全部扣件的支承反力进行计算。地铁B型车及轨道的计算参数如表3所示,车-轨模型计算所得的典型扣件支承反力如图6所示。将计算得到的全部扣件支承反力按实际空间顺序施加到有限元分析模型中,以此为模型激励力,对地表拾振点处的振动加速度进行计算。设置土层的阻尼比ξ=0.03,重点关注频率为1~100 Hz,求得瑞利阻尼常数为α=0.373和β=9.454×10-5;采用直接积分法对模型进行计算求解,计算时间为11 s,覆盖整列列车通过时间,积分步长取为0.002 s,满足环境振动分析关注频段。
图7对比了模型计算与现场实测得到的地表拾振点位置处的振动加速度响应。可以看出,在时域和频域内,模型计算得到的结果与现场实测结果趋势一致且吻合程度高,证明了计算模型的正确性和可靠性,后续可应用此模型做进一步的分析计算。
考虑到常规浮置板轨道会明显放大其自振频率附近频段的地表振动,本文首先设计一种加厚的、调整钢弹簧刚度、阻尼的浮置板轨道(后文称“特殊浮置板轨道”),用以探究地表在轨道自振频率附近振动放大现象的变化规律,此轨道较常规浮置板轨道仅增加厚度方向的尺寸、增大钢弹簧的阻尼并同时降低其支承刚度,浮置板其他几何参数及钢弹簧的分布情况与常规浮置板轨道保持一致,设计参数如表4所示。计算两种浮置板轨道工况下拾振点处的地表垂向振动加速度。两种典型浮置板轨道下的钢弹簧支承反力时程曲线如图8所示。从图8中可以看出,相比于常规浮置板轨道,特殊浮置板轨道板下钢弹簧支承反力的变化范围减小,能有效降低钢弹簧疲劳破坏的可能性,并降低振动对周围环境的影响水平。
图9为普通轨道工况下以及两种浮置板轨道工况下地表拾振点处的垂向振动加速度的模型计算结果对比图。从时程曲线中可以看出,两种浮置板轨道均使地表的振动加速度水平显著降低。从三分之一倍频程曲线图可知,在浮置板轨道自振频率附近频段,地表振动出现一定程度的放大;在采取浮置板加厚和钢弹簧增加阻尼降低刚度措施后,轨道自振频率从10 Hz降低至8 Hz,同时地表在浮置板自振频率附近频段内的振动响应减小约5~8 dB,明显拓宽了浮置板轨道的有效减振频段,减小了振动放大频段,但轨道自振频率处的振动放大现象仍然存在,放大量在5 dB左右。
由前文分析可知,在铺设钢弹簧浮置板轨道后,地表振动响应得到显著抑制,但在6~12 Hz频段内,由于引发了浮置板轨道的自振,地表振动有一定程度的提高。为进一步对此频段的地表振动进行控制,设计使用周期性隔振排桩,以期通过振源减振和路径隔振协同的方式,实现对地表振动敏感点处进行振动全频段控制的目的。
实际工程中,单根桩直径多为0.8和1 m。综合考虑群桩结构的可实施性及其对低频振动的控制效果,确定橡胶弹性套筒包裹混凝土圆柱桩的局域共振型排桩为路径隔振结构埋置于土体之中,单桩直径与工程常见尺寸保持一致。桩体结构形式确定后,基于Bloch-Floquet理论和平面波展开法,利用COMSOL软件对圆柱桩内、外径r1r2、排桩周期常数A进行计算,选取群桩结构最优参数,使目标控制频率f=8 Hz处于群桩结构带隙频率范围内,详细计算原理和流程见文献[17]。当土体参数按表1进行设置,混凝土桩体材料参数取弹性模量E=35 GPa、泊松比ν=0.25、密度ρ=2500 kg/m3,橡胶套筒材料参数取弹性模量E=0.3 MPa、泊松比ν=0.463、密度ρ=1300 kg/m3;群桩采用如图1所示的3排布置的正方晶格形式,计算确定当周期常数A=1.5 m、混凝土桩半径r1=0.4 m、橡胶套筒厚度为0.1 m时,此时带隙计算结果如图10所示。从图10中可以看出,7~9 Hz频段范围内出现空白窄带,除此之外的频段均有振动波通过,即周期性排桩结构按上述参数及排列方式设置时,在7~9 Hz产生带隙,可阻隔该频段的振动波通过此群桩结构,在拾振点处实现对此频段地表振动进行控制的目的。
随后,根据计算所得的周期性排桩设计参数,利用本文建立的三维有限元分析模型,对桩长进行比选。分别设置桩长为16、20、24和28 m四种工况,计算特殊浮置板轨道工况下地表拾振点位置处的振动加速度响应,如图11所示。
图11中可以看出,当桩长为16和20 m时,拾振点处振动响应略有下降,但在轨道自振频率附近频段,分频振级插入损失为2~4 dB,无法满足5 dB的振动控制要求;当桩长为24 m时,拾振点在轨道自振频率处的振动加速度级明显降低,降幅可达7 dB,能够满足振动控制需求;当桩长进一步增大时,拾振点振动响应虽能进一步降低,但降幅较小。综合考虑隔振效果、施工难度及经济性,确定周期性群桩结构的单桩桩长为24 m。
至此,周期性排桩结构的材料和几何参数最终确定。随后利用图4所示的三维有限元模型对振动协同控制方法的实际效果进行计算分析。
图12给出了增加周期性隔振排桩前后特殊浮置板工况下计算得到的拾振点处的振动加速度时程对比曲线。图13对比了普通轨道工况、周期性排桩工况、特殊浮置板轨道工况及振动协同控制工况下,地表垂向振动加速度计算值的三分之一倍频程曲线。
图1213中可以看出,周期性排桩结构能够明显降低地表拾振点在7~9 Hz频段内的振动加速度响应。时域内,地表振动加速度较未使用排桩前有明显减小,振动加速度峰值降低约10%;频域内,7~9 Hz频段的振动波被周期性排桩有效阻隔,使拾振点处的地表振动加速度级在浮置板轨道自振频率附近频段(6~12 Hz)较未使用排桩时降低约4~7 dB。此时,地表拾振点在此频段内的振动加速度级明显低于普通轨道工况下的加速度振级。周期性排桩的使用消除了浮置板轨道对地表振动在轨道自振频率附近频段内增大的不利影响。综上可知,本文所提协同控制方法通过钢弹簧浮置板轨道控制敏感点处除轨道自振频率附近频段的地表振动响应,周期性排桩阻隔轨道自振频率附近频段振动波传至振动控制点,实现了对地表控制点处车致地表振动的全频段控制。
针对精密仪器等对环境振动控制高要求及地表振动在浮置板轨道自振频率处存在放大效应的现象,本文基于结构带隙理论提出了一种考虑频率匹配的钢弹簧浮置板轨道和周期性排桩相结合的地铁振动协同控制方法。设计钢弹簧浮置板轨道及局域共振型排桩参数,同时建立三维地铁列车-浮置板轨道频域耦合解析模型及三维道床-隧道-土体-排桩有限元分析模型,对环境振动协同控制方法的实际效果进行了研究探索。研究结果表明:
(1)采用浮置板轨道可使地表加速度分频振级最大降低40 dB,但其自振频率处存在振动放大现象,放大量约为10 dB;改良浮置板厚度、阻尼、刚度后,轨道自振频率向低频转移至8 Hz,且在轨道自振频率附近频段处地表振动降低约3~6 dB,但仍存在振动放大现象。
(2)针对钢弹簧浮置板轨道固有频率处振动放大问题,采用声子晶体理论设计周期性局域共振排桩,调整设计参数使结构带隙范围为7~9 Hz,可有效减小浮置板轨道固有频率处地表振动,减小量为4~7 dB,低于普通轨道工况下的地表振动水平。
(3)所提局域共振型隔振排桩和考虑频率匹配的地铁振源-传递路径协同的环境振动控制方法,解决了地表振动敏感点在浮置板轨道固有频率处的振动放大问题,且与普通轨道相比,在20 Hz以下频段分频振级减小4~12 dB,在20 Hz以上频段分频振级减小10~40 dB,实现了地表敏感点处的全频段减振,为地铁沿线精密仪器等特殊敏感点的振动控制提供了思路和有效手段。
  • 天津市科技计划项目(22JCQNJC01710)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178404)
  • 北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金资助项目(L231022)
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2025年第38卷第8期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008
  • 接收时间:2024-01-05
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-05
  • 修回日期:2024-04-11
基金
天津市科技计划项目(22JCQNJC01710)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178404)
北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金资助项目(L231022)
作者信息
    1.中国铁路设计集团有限公司城市轨道交通数字化建设与测评技术国家工程研究中心,天津 300308
    2.中国电子工程设计院有限公司,北京 100142

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姜博龙(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdgcxb/CN/10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202401008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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