Article(id=1227591029474390976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=1715356800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610108964, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610108964, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610108964, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610108964, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591023870800760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='8', pageStart='1645', pageEnd='1934', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610107611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610373804, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592140348388158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591023870800760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1732, endPage=1738, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591029906404299, articleId=1227591029474390976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Load spectrum editing method for automotive components based on generalised S-transformation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Existing S-transform-based load spectrum editing methods for automotive components suffer from the problem of lack of adaptivity in time-frequency resolution,which affects the time-frequency aggregation of load spectrum energy and leads to poor editing results. To solve this problem,based on the theory of generalised S-transform (GST),the application of GST method in the field of automobile components load spectrum editing is explored. The GST method is used to perform time-frequency analysis of the mount load spectrum to obtain the distribution information of the load energy on the time and frequency axes. The accumulative power spectral density (APSD) of the load spectrum is calculated,and a genetic algorithm is used to determine the threshold value of the APSD in order to identify the time segments of the load spectrum with smaller damage contributions. The time segments of the load spectrum with small damage contributions are identified and removed,and the remaining load time segments are spliced to obtain a compressed load spectrum. Comparing with the load spectrum editing method based on S-transform,it is found that the time compression of the compressed load spectrum obtained based on the GST method is larger,and the compressed load spectrum basically matches with the original load spectrum in terms of statistical parameters,power spectral density,rainflow counts,fatigue life and damage distribution. The results show that the GST method is suitable for editing the load spectrum of automotive components. It can provide an effective means to improve the efficiency of durability bench tests of automotive components.

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现有的基于S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法存在时频分辨率缺乏自适应性的问题,影响载荷谱能量的时频聚集性,并进一步影响载荷谱编辑效果。为解决此问题,以汽车橡胶悬置为研究对象,基于广义S变换理论,探索广义S变换方法在汽车零部件载荷谱编辑领域的应用。采用广义S变换方法开展悬置载荷谱时频分析,以获取载荷能量在不同时间和频率下的分布信息;计算载荷谱的累积功率谱密度,并采用遗传算法确定累积功率谱密度的阈值,以识别载荷谱中损伤贡献量较小的时间片段;删除识别到的载荷时间片段,得到缩减载荷谱。与基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法进行比较,研究发现,基于广义S变换方法获得的缩减载荷谱的时间压缩量较大,且缩减载荷谱在统计参数、功率谱密度、雨流计数、疲劳寿命及损伤分布等方面均与原始载荷谱基本吻合。结果表明,广义S变换方法适用于编辑汽车零部件载荷谱,可为提高汽车零部件的耐久性台架试验效率提供一种有效手段。

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刘湘楠(1992—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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figureFileSmall=Bnb3IS5gFErXSadvN1XLoA==, figureFileBig=wQ2lAcFp9PUouEdidFhJXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653586876826065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同载荷谱下悬置疲劳寿命及损伤分布, figureFileSmall=Bnb3IS5gFErXSadvN1XLoA==, figureFileBig=wQ2lAcFp9PUouEdidFhJXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653587036209628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Parameter setting of the genetic algorithm

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种群大小最大遗传代数交叉概率突变概率
101000.70.01
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587149455844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

遗传算法的参数设置

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种群大小最大遗传代数交叉概率突变概率
101000.70.01
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587296256493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Statistical parameters of mount load spectra before and after editing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱均值/N均方根值/N峭度
原始载荷谱182.14722.884.60
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ208.93796.683.94
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ208.89784.963.95
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587443057146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

编辑前后悬置载荷谱的统计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱均值/N均方根值/N峭度
原始载荷谱182.14722.884.60
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ208.93796.683.94
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ208.89784.963.95
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587560497665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Relative errors of statistical parameters mount load spectra before and after editing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱均值误差/%均方根值误差/%峭度误差/%
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ14.7110.21-14.28
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ14.698.59-14.13
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587673743877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

编辑前后悬置载荷谱统计参数之间的相对误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱均值误差/%均方根值误差/%峭度误差/%
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ14.7110.21-14.28
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ14.698.59-14.13
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587807961614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Mount fatigue simulation results under different loading spectra

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱类型疲劳损伤疲劳寿命/次计算时间/h
原始载荷谱3.86×10-42588200.9
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ3.86×10-42588158.5
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ3.86×10-42588169.8
), ArticleFig(id=1227653587925402129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591029474390976, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同载荷谱下悬置疲劳仿真结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷谱类型疲劳损伤疲劳寿命/次计算时间/h
原始载荷谱3.86×10-42588200.9
缩减载荷谱Ⅰ3.86×10-42588158.5
缩减载荷谱Ⅱ3.86×10-42588169.8
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基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法
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刘湘楠 1 , 于超凡 1 , 石伟 2, 3 , 钱学朋 2, 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(8): 1732-1738
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(8): 1732-1738
基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法
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刘湘楠1 , 于超凡1, 石伟2, 3, 钱学朋2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.湖南科技大学机电工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 2.诺博橡胶制品有限公司,河北 保定 072550
  • 3.河北省汽车减震与密封橡胶产品技术创新中心,河北 保定 072550

通讯作者:

刘湘楠(1992—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
Load spectrum editing method for automotive components based on generalised S-transformation
Xiangnan LIU1 , Chaofan YU1, Wei SHI2, 3, Xuepeng QIAN2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China
  • 2.Nobo Rubber Products Co., Ltd., Baoding 072550,China
  • 3.Hebei Automotive Rubber AVS & Sealing Tech Center,Baoding 072550,China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404024
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现有的基于S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法存在时频分辨率缺乏自适应性的问题,影响载荷谱能量的时频聚集性,并进一步影响载荷谱编辑效果。为解决此问题,以汽车橡胶悬置为研究对象,基于广义S变换理论,探索广义S变换方法在汽车零部件载荷谱编辑领域的应用。采用广义S变换方法开展悬置载荷谱时频分析,以获取载荷能量在不同时间和频率下的分布信息;计算载荷谱的累积功率谱密度,并采用遗传算法确定累积功率谱密度的阈值,以识别载荷谱中损伤贡献量较小的时间片段;删除识别到的载荷时间片段,得到缩减载荷谱。与基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法进行比较,研究发现,基于广义S变换方法获得的缩减载荷谱的时间压缩量较大,且缩减载荷谱在统计参数、功率谱密度、雨流计数、疲劳寿命及损伤分布等方面均与原始载荷谱基本吻合。结果表明,广义S变换方法适用于编辑汽车零部件载荷谱,可为提高汽车零部件的耐久性台架试验效率提供一种有效手段。

载荷谱编辑  /  广义S变换  /  耐久性  /  时频分析  /  台架试验

Existing S-transform-based load spectrum editing methods for automotive components suffer from the problem of lack of adaptivity in time-frequency resolution,which affects the time-frequency aggregation of load spectrum energy and leads to poor editing results. To solve this problem,based on the theory of generalised S-transform (GST),the application of GST method in the field of automobile components load spectrum editing is explored. The GST method is used to perform time-frequency analysis of the mount load spectrum to obtain the distribution information of the load energy on the time and frequency axes. The accumulative power spectral density (APSD) of the load spectrum is calculated,and a genetic algorithm is used to determine the threshold value of the APSD in order to identify the time segments of the load spectrum with smaller damage contributions. The time segments of the load spectrum with small damage contributions are identified and removed,and the remaining load time segments are spliced to obtain a compressed load spectrum. Comparing with the load spectrum editing method based on S-transform,it is found that the time compression of the compressed load spectrum obtained based on the GST method is larger,and the compressed load spectrum basically matches with the original load spectrum in terms of statistical parameters,power spectral density,rainflow counts,fatigue life and damage distribution. The results show that the GST method is suitable for editing the load spectrum of automotive components. It can provide an effective means to improve the efficiency of durability bench tests of automotive components.

load spectrum editing  /  generalised S-transform  /  durability  /  time-frequency analysis  /  bench tests
刘湘楠, 于超凡, 石伟, 钱学朋. 基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1732 -1738 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404024
Xiangnan LIU, Chaofan YU, Wei SHI, Xuepeng QIAN. Load spectrum editing method for automotive components based on generalised S-transformation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (8) : 1732 -1738 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404024
耐久性台架试验可为预测汽车零部件薄弱环节的疲劳寿命提供先验信息,是汽车零部件在设计和制造过程中的关键环节[1]。载荷谱作为零部件耐久性台架试验的输入,直接影响试验的效率和试验结果的准确性。实际上,试验场采集的原始载荷谱中包含了大量对零部件损伤贡献较小的低幅值高循环载荷分量[2]。在进行零部件耐久性台架试验的过程中,若以原始载荷谱为加载数据,将会导致试验周期延长,耗费大量的时间和资源。因此,有必要研究一种合理有效的载荷谱编辑方法,以缩短原始载荷谱的时间长度,进而提高汽车零部件耐久性台架试验的效率。
现有的载荷谱编辑方法主要分为两类:时域编辑法和时频编辑法。时域编辑法通过对载荷谱进行等间距加窗,计算每个窗口内载荷产生的损伤量,然后设定合适的阈值,识别并删除低于阈值的小损伤窗口片段,从而实现载荷谱缩减[3]。在时域编辑法的研究方面,花菲菲等[4]以车轮轴头为研究对象,提出了一种基于真实损伤保留的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法。研究发现,原始载荷谱和缩减载荷谱在损伤保留量、功率谱密度及雨流计数等方面基本相同,验证了时域真实损伤保留编辑方法的有效性。于佳伟等[5]以副车架为研究对象,提出了一种基于伪损伤保留的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法,通过对比原始载荷谱与缩减载荷谱之间的功率谱密度、统计参数及穿级计数,验证了时域伪损伤保留编辑方法的有效性。尽管时域编辑法能够实现载荷谱缩减,但载荷谱编辑效果与窗长相关。目前,窗口长度的设置大多基于经验[4-5]
为了解决时域编辑法存在的不足,时频分析方法逐渐被应用于汽车零部件载荷谱编辑。在时频编辑法研究方面,朱茂桃等[6]提出了一种基于短时傅里叶变换的汽车后拉杆悬置载荷谱编辑方法,并通过耐久性台架试验,验证了缩减载荷谱和原始载荷谱具有相同的加载效果。SHANGGUAN等[7]提出了一种基于小波变换汽车下摆臂前衬套载荷谱编辑方法。研究发现,采用小波变换编辑方法获得的缩减载荷谱在统计参数、功率谱密度及穿级计数等方面均与原始载荷谱保持高度一致。董国疆等[8]以汽车转向节为研究对象,提出了一种基于S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法,并与基于时域损伤保留、短时傅里叶变换及小波变换等编辑方法进行比较,验证了基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法的优越性。姚凌云等[9]针对S变换编辑法的阈值设定问题,以汽车转向节为研究对象,提出了一种基于S变换双阈值的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法,并与传统的基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法进行比较,结果表明,基于S变换双阈值的载荷谱编辑方法具有更好的编辑效果。然而,S变换方法时频分辨率缺乏自适应性,影响载荷谱能量的时频聚集性,并进一步影响载荷谱编辑效果。为了克服S变换方法的局限性,DJUROVI等[10]提出了一种具有自适应时频分辨率特性的非平稳信号分析方法,称为广义S变换方法。目前,广义S变换方法已经成功地应用于非平稳信号故障特征提取和地震旋回特征分析等领域[11-12]。但对基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法的研究还不够深入,没有成熟的方法和理论。
基于上述问题,本文基于广义S变换理论,提出一种基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法,旨在为提高汽车零部件的耐久性台架试验效率提供一种有效手段,从而加快汽车零部件的耐久性评估过程,为汽车制造业的产品研发和质量控制提供技术支持。
在试验场强化路面开展整车耐久性测试,是获取零部件载荷谱的有效手段。本文以某SUV汽车为测试对象,在试验场强化路面开展整车耐久性测试。典型的强化路面包括比利时路、搓板路、国情路、坑凹路、卵石路以及制动路等。在悬置主动侧布置PCB三分力传感器,以采集悬置载荷谱。图1为悬置实物及传感器位置图。
对于汽车橡胶悬置,其路面随机激励的频率范围一般低于50 Hz[13]。为了确保数据的准确性和全面性,根据奈奎斯特采样定理[13],设定采样频率为1000 Hz,采样时长为279.46 s。考虑到所研究的悬置主要承受Z向载荷作用,因此仅对Z向载荷谱FZ进行分析。此外,为了降低高频噪声对载荷谱编辑效果的影响,对实测载荷谱进行了低通滤波(50 Hz)处理[14],得到预处理后的悬置载荷谱,如图2所示。
载荷谱编辑旨在缩短原始载荷谱的时间长度,其核心技术在于精准地定位并移除对零件损伤贡献量较小的载荷分量。考虑到零件的损伤量通常与载荷能量成正比例关系,因此,如何获取载荷能量分布和有效地识别并删除载荷谱中能量低的载荷分量,是进行载荷谱编辑的关键。本节基于广义S变换理论,提出一种基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法。
载荷谱是一种典型的非平稳信号,采用时频分析方法可有效获取载荷能量的分布信息[6-12]。短时傅里叶变换和小波变换是载荷谱编辑领域两种常用的时频分析方法[6-7]。对于给定的载荷谱xt),其短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的数学表达式分别为[6-7]
F(τ,f)=-+x(t)φ(t-τ)e-j2πftdt
W(a,b)=-+x(t)ω(t-b,a)dt
式中,Fτf)为短时傅里叶变换时频矩阵;t为时间;f为频率;τ为窗函数在时间轴上的位置;φt-τ)为短时傅里叶变换的窗函数;ωt-ba)为小波变换的窗函数,又称为小波基函数;ab分别为尺度参数和平移参数;Wab)为小波变换时频矩阵。
S变换是由短时傅里叶变换演变而来的时频分析方法,其数学表达式为[8]
S(τ,f)=-+x(t)g(t-τ,f)e-j2πftdt
g(t-τ,f)=12πσe-(t-τ)2f22
式中,Sτf)为S变换时频矩阵;gt-τf)为高斯窗函数;σ为高斯窗函数的标准差,决定了窗长,且σ=1/|f|
由式(1)~(4)可知,S变换与短时傅里叶变换的区别在于高斯窗函数的窗长随频率发生变化,这有效地解决了短时傅里叶变换因窗长不变引起的时间分辨率和频率分辨率两者不可兼顾的缺陷。此外,S变换弥补了小波变换中小波基函数及分解层数的选取缺乏自适应性的缺陷。然而,由式(4)可知,S变换的窗函数标准差σ定义为频率的倒数,使其时频分辨率缺乏自适应性。为了提高载荷谱能量的时频聚集性,本文引入广义S变换分析悬置载荷谱。其中,广义S变换的数学表达式为[10]
Sp(τ,f)=-+x(t)|f|p2πe-(t-τ)2f2p2e-j2πftdt
式中,Spτf)为广义S变换时频矩阵;参数p的取值范围为0<p≤1。
由式(5)可知,参数p的取值影响载荷谱能量的时频聚集性。当p=1时,广义S变换即可转变为S变换;当p≠1时,STANKOVIC[15]定义了聚集性度量值Mp)来确定参数p的取值。其中,Mp)的数学表达式为:
M(p)=(l=1nk=1m|Sp(l,k)|12)2
式中,n为采样时间点总数;m为采样频率的数量;Splk)为离散广义S变换在(lk)处的取值,其中l=1,2,…,nk=1,2,…,m
Mp)取值越小,表明载荷谱能量的时频聚集性越高[15]。因此,为了获取良好的载荷谱编辑效果,可选择最小Mp)对应的p值作为最优参数。
图2所示的悬置载荷谱为例,提出一种基于广义S变换理论的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法。该方法主要分为三步:基于广义S变换的载荷谱时频分析;识别小损伤贡献量的载荷时间片段;获取缩减载荷谱。
首先,定义参数p的取值间隔为0.01,将每个p值依次代入式(5),然后对载荷谱进行时频分解,得到不同p值对应的时频矩阵:
sm×np=[S1pS2pSmp]=[s11ps12ps1nps21ps22ps2npsm1psm2psmnp]
式中,矩阵行向量为采样频率;矩阵列向量为采样时间;矩阵元素slk为复数,包含了特定时刻、特定频率下对应的载荷幅值及相位信息。
结合式(6)和(7),计算得到聚集性度量值。图3为聚集性度量值的变化曲线。由图3可知,当p=0.34时,利用广义S变换获得的载荷谱能量的时频聚集性最优。
将最优参数p值代入式(5),采用广义S变换方法得到载荷谱的时频矩阵,并结合周期图法[16],采用下式得到同一时刻、不同频率下的载荷功率谱密度:
[P1P2Pm]=1n[|F(S1)||F(S2)||F(Sm)|]2
F(Sk)=-+Ske-i2πftdt
式中,Pkk=1,2,…,m)表示时刻k对应的载荷功率谱密度;FSk)为向量Sk的傅里叶变换。
将同一时刻、不同频率下的功率谱密度累加,即可得到该时刻载荷谱对应的累积功率谱密度。图4为悬置载荷谱对应的累积功率谱密度分布。累积功率谱密度描述了载荷能量随时间的变化趋势。累积功率谱密度越大,说明该时刻的载荷能量越大,对零件的损伤贡献量也越大。
通过设定阈值能够有效地识别出对零件损伤贡献量小的载荷时间片段。本文采用遗传算法[6]对累积功率谱密度阈值进行寻优。遗传算法的参数设置如表1所示。在实际工程应用中,要求编辑前后载荷谱统计参数(均值、均方根和峭度)之间的相对误差不高于15% [6]。因此,本文定义载荷谱阈值优化模型的数学表达式为:
{minc(e)=Ly/Lxs.t. U(x)-0.150
式中,ce)为缩减前后载荷谱的时间压缩比;LxLy分别为原始载荷谱和缩减载荷谱的时间长度;e为设计变量,本文定义为累积功率谱密度的阈值;Ux)为缩减载荷谱与原始载荷谱之间统计参数的相对误差。
载荷谱编辑方法认为低于阈值的载荷分量对零部件造成的损伤可以忽略不计。利用遗传算法确定累积功率谱密度的最优阈值为2167.53 N2/Hz,识别并删除低于阈值的载荷时间片段,然后将剩余时间片段拼接,进而获得缩减载荷谱。图5为基于广义S变换方法获得的悬置缩减载荷谱。对比图25可知,基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法能够将悬置载荷谱时长由279.46 s缩短至220.42 s,时间约减少21.13%。
采用S变换方法对悬置载荷谱进行分析,求解其累积功率谱密度,并采用遗传算法确定其阈值,识别并删除低损伤贡献量载荷时间片段,然后将剩余时间片段拼接获得缩减载荷谱。图6为基于S变换编辑方法获得的缩减载荷谱。
对比图26可知,基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法可将悬置载荷谱时长由279.46 s缩短至236.19 s,时间约减少15.48%。
综上,相较于现有的基于S变换的载荷谱编辑方法,基于广义S变换方法得到的缩减载荷谱的时间压缩比例更大。结果表明:对于本文所研究的悬置载荷谱,广义S变换方法具有更优的时频聚集性,能够更好地识别载荷谱中的低幅值载荷分量。
对载荷谱缩减效果进行评价是载荷谱缩减过程不可或缺的环节。本节从统计参数、功率谱密度、雨流计数、疲劳寿命及损伤分布等方面对两种编辑方法的缩减效果进行评价。为了便于描述,定义基于广义S变换和基于S变换两种编辑方法获得的缩减载荷谱分别为缩减载荷谱Ⅰ和缩减载荷谱Ⅱ。
均值、均方根及峭度是评价载荷谱编辑效果时常用的三种统计参数[17]。分别计算原始载荷谱、缩减载荷谱Ⅰ、缩减载荷谱Ⅱ的统计参数,结果如表2所示。以原始载荷的统计参数为基础,分别计算两种缩减载荷与原始载荷谱之间的相对误差,结果如表3所示。由表3可知,采用两种编辑方法获得的缩减载荷谱与原始载荷谱之间统计参数的相对误差均在规定范围(≤15%)之内,表明两种载荷谱编辑方法得到的缩减载荷谱均与原始载荷谱具有良好的一致性[18]
功率谱密度可以反映载荷谱能量随频率的变化信息[19]图7为载荷谱编辑前后功率谱密度分布情况。由图7可知,缩减载荷谱与原始载荷谱变化趋势基本一致。由于缩减载荷谱相较于原始载荷谱时间更短,因此,缩减载荷谱中的载荷能量值有所上升。即缩减载荷谱的功率谱密度相对于原始载荷谱会出现上移现象,但整体变化趋势基本相同。此外,相较于缩减载荷谱Ⅱ,缩减载荷谱Ⅰ的时间压缩量更大,因此缩减载荷谱Ⅰ的功率谱密度上移量更大。
雨流计数属于双参数计数方法,通过对载荷谱中的峰谷值(range)、均值(mean)及其相应频次(cycles)进行计数分析,进而直观地表现出载荷分量的统计特征[20]。分别对原始载荷谱、缩减载荷谱Ⅰ和缩减载荷谱Ⅱ进行雨流计数,结果如图8所示。由图8可知,原始载荷谱中低幅值载荷分量的最高循环次数为506次,缩减载荷谱Ⅰ和缩减载荷谱Ⅱ中低幅值载荷分量的最高循环次数分别为117次和321次。结果表明,相较于现有的S变换载荷谱编辑法,采用基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法能够删除原始载荷谱中较多的低幅值载荷循环次数。
为进一步验证缩减载荷谱与原始载荷谱具有相同的加载效果,对悬置进行疲劳仿真分析。分别以原始载荷谱、缩减载荷谱Ⅰ和缩减载荷谱Ⅱ作为疲劳载荷输入,计算悬置的疲劳寿命及损伤分布。主要步骤如下:
首先,建立悬置有限元模型,并对其施加Z向单位载荷,得到单位载荷下悬置的应变响应结果;其次将有限元分析的结果文件(.fil)输入到疲劳分析软件Ncode的Designlife模块中;最后将载荷谱映射到悬置的单位载荷上,对悬置进行疲劳仿真。其中,用于计算悬置疲劳寿命的S-N曲线如下式所示[21]
S=16.799N-0.327
式中,S表示对数应变振幅;N为疲劳寿命次数。
图9为不同载荷谱下悬置疲劳仿真结果。
图9可知,采用原始载荷谱、缩减载荷谱Ⅰ、缩减载荷谱Ⅱ加载后的悬置的疲劳寿命及损伤分布基本一致,进一步验证了所提方法的有效性。此外,在不同的载荷谱加载条件下,悬置结构中的疲劳失效危险点位置保持一致,均位于节点33689。
表4为不同载荷谱下悬置疲劳仿真结果。由表4可知,尽管缩减载荷谱可以达到与原始载荷谱基本一致的加载效果,但采用三种载荷谱进行耐久性台架试验所需时间不同。以悬置疲劳仿真获得的疲劳寿命值为基础,采用原始载荷谱作为耐久性台架试验的输入,所需时间约为200.9 h,而采用基于广义S变换的缩减载荷谱与基于S变换的缩减载荷谱作为耐久性台架试验的输入,所需时间分别约为158.5和169.8 h。相比基于S变换的编辑方法,采用基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法所得到的缩减载荷谱Ⅰ的计算时间更短。因此,在进行悬置耐久性台架试验验证时,采用本文所提方法可以更大程度地提高试验效率。
(1)提出了一种基于广义S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法。通过与现有的基于S变换的汽车零部件载荷谱编辑方法进行比较,发现基于广义S变换编辑法获得的缩减载荷谱的时间减少比例更大,约为21.13%。
(2)从统计参数、功率谱密度及雨流计数等方面分析载荷谱编辑方法的编辑效果。结果表明:采用基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法获得的缩减载荷谱,在统计参数、功率谱密度及雨流计数等方面,均与原始载荷谱保持了高度的一致性。
(3)为验证本文所提出的基于广义S变换的载荷谱编辑方法的有效性,开展了悬置疲劳仿真分析。结果表明:采用本文所提方法获得的缩减载荷谱可以达到与原始载荷谱基本一致的加载效果,但采用原始载荷谱和缩减载荷谱进行耐久性台架试验所需时间不同。采用原始载荷谱作为耐久性台架试验的输入,所需时间约为200.9 h,而采用基于广义S变换的缩减载荷谱Ⅰ与基于S变换的缩减载荷谱Ⅱ作为耐久性台架试验的输入,所需时间分别为158.5和169.8 h。
  • 湖南科技大学科研启动项目(E523D9)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404024
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 修回日期:2024-05-11
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湖南科技大学科研启动项目(E523D9)
作者信息
    1.湖南科技大学机电工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
    2.诺博橡胶制品有限公司,河北 保定 072550
    3.河北省汽车减震与密封橡胶产品技术创新中心,河北 保定 072550

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刘湘楠(1992—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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