Article(id=1225751355705443119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697472000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-17, revisedDate=1703606400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770171496558, onlineDateStr=2026-02-04, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770171496558, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770171496558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770171496558, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1225751351125263080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='10', pageStart='2205', pageEnd='2462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770171495466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774228911890, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242769389133611807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242769389133611808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2312, endPage=2321, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1225751355923546943, articleId=1225751355705443119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Mechanical characteristics of the anchor drilling machine for comprehensive excavation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problem of coupling vibration between equipment and coal rock during the anchoring drilling process of the comprehensive mining face in coal mines, considering the unevenness of the top and bottom plates of the working face, the mechanical characteristics of the anchoring drilling rig during the drilling process are mainly studied. Construct a dynamic model for synchronous anchoring operation of multi drilling rig anchoring drilling rig, and use numerical analysis methods to solve the vibration response characteristics of key components in the anchoring drilling rig. The results show that based on the time‑domain curve analysis, the maximum vibration radius of the drill pipe is 3.59 mm, and the minimum vibration radius of the drill frame is 1.51 mm; According to the frequency domain curve, it can be shown that the amplitude of the drill pipe reaches its maximum at around 11.94 Hz compared to other components of the drilling rig, with a maximum value of 392.6 mm; According to the vibration phase diagram, it can be shown that the overall stability of the power head, drilling frame, and crossbeam of the anchor drill is good during the vibration process. The vibration response characteristics of key components of the anchoring drilling rig during the drilling process were obtained through comparative experiments on the anchoring test prototype, which is basically consistent with the results of dynamic numerical simulation. This verifies the reliability of the theoretical analysis of drilling vibration characteristics of key components. The relevant theoretical results can provide a theoretical basis for the stability research of the anchoring drilling rig in the comprehensive excavation face.

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针对煤矿井下综掘面锚固钻进过程中存在的设备与煤岩间耦合振动影响的问题,考虑工作面顶、底板不平整性因素,重点研究钻进过程锚固钻机部力学特性。构建多钻机锚固钻机部同步锚固作业动力学模型,利用数值分析方法求解锚固钻机部关键部件振动响应特征。依据时域曲线分析可得,钻杆振动半径最大为3.59 mm,最小为1.51 mm;依据频域曲线可知,钻杆相较于钻机其他部件在频率11.94 Hz左右幅值达到最大,最大值为392.6 mm;依据振动相图可知,锚固钻机动力头、钻架及横梁在振动过程中整体稳定性良好。通过锚固试验样机进行对比试验,从而得到锚固钻机部关键部件在钻进过程中的振动响应特性,与动力学数值模拟结果基本一致,验证了关键部件钻进振动特征理论分析的可靠性,相关理论结果可为综掘面锚固钻机部稳定研究提供理论基础。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
唐千时(1997―),男,硕士研究生。E‑mail:
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谢苗(1980―),女,博士,教授。E‑mail:

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谢苗(1980―),女,博士,教授。E‑mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=锚固群组), Keyword(id=1225751364425400526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=数学模型), Keyword(id=1225751364693835991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=振动特性), Keyword(id=1225751364811276514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=力学特性), Keyword(id=1225751364932911334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=钻进试验)], refs=[Reference(id=1225751368854585774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, 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Parameters of partial element

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元件名称元件型号测量范围
振动传感器XZD‑YB0~50 mm/s
轴销力传感器CZ4000~10000 mm/s
位移传感器W/MPS‑S‑S15000~1500 mm/s
转速传感器NTJH‑9A0~1500 r/min
电动推杆0~3000 N
PLCS7‑1200DC/DC/DC
), ArticleFig(id=1225751368493875604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1225751355705443119, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

部分元件参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件名称元件型号测量范围
振动传感器XZD‑YB0~50 mm/s
轴销力传感器CZ4000~10000 mm/s
位移传感器W/MPS‑S‑S15000~1500 mm/s
转速传感器NTJH‑9A0~1500 r/min
电动推杆0~3000 N
PLCS7‑1200DC/DC/DC
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综掘面掘支锚配套锚固钻机部力学特性研究
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谢苗 1, 2 , 唐千时 1 , 张鸿宇 1, 2 , 孙晓虎 3 , 刘杰 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(10): 2312-2321
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(10): 2312-2321
综掘面掘支锚配套锚固钻机部力学特性研究
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谢苗1, 2 , 唐千时1 , 张鸿宇1, 2, 孙晓虎3, 刘杰3
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123000;
  • 2.新疆露天矿智能生产与管控重点实验室,新疆 昌吉 831100;
  • 3.华能煤炭技术研究有限公司,北京 100070
  • 谢苗(1980―),女,博士,教授。E‑mail:

通讯作者:

唐千时(1997―),男,硕士研究生。E‑mail:
Mechanical characteristics of the anchor drilling machine for comprehensive excavation
Miao XIE1, 2 , Qianshi TANG1 , Hongyu ZHANG1, 2, Xiaohu SUN3, Jie LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology, Fuxin 123000, China
  • 2.Xinjiang Surface Mine Intelligent Production and Control Key Laboratory, Changji 831100, China
  • 3.Huaneng Coal Technology Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China
doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310036
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针对煤矿井下综掘面锚固钻进过程中存在的设备与煤岩间耦合振动影响的问题,考虑工作面顶、底板不平整性因素,重点研究钻进过程锚固钻机部力学特性。构建多钻机锚固钻机部同步锚固作业动力学模型,利用数值分析方法求解锚固钻机部关键部件振动响应特征。依据时域曲线分析可得,钻杆振动半径最大为3.59 mm,最小为1.51 mm;依据频域曲线可知,钻杆相较于钻机其他部件在频率11.94 Hz左右幅值达到最大,最大值为392.6 mm;依据振动相图可知,锚固钻机动力头、钻架及横梁在振动过程中整体稳定性良好。通过锚固试验样机进行对比试验,从而得到锚固钻机部关键部件在钻进过程中的振动响应特性,与动力学数值模拟结果基本一致,验证了关键部件钻进振动特征理论分析的可靠性,相关理论结果可为综掘面锚固钻机部稳定研究提供理论基础。

锚固群组  /  数学模型  /  振动特性  /  力学特性  /  钻进试验

In response to the problem of coupling vibration between equipment and coal rock during the anchoring drilling process of the comprehensive mining face in coal mines, considering the unevenness of the top and bottom plates of the working face, the mechanical characteristics of the anchoring drilling rig during the drilling process are mainly studied. Construct a dynamic model for synchronous anchoring operation of multi drilling rig anchoring drilling rig, and use numerical analysis methods to solve the vibration response characteristics of key components in the anchoring drilling rig. The results show that based on the time‑domain curve analysis, the maximum vibration radius of the drill pipe is 3.59 mm, and the minimum vibration radius of the drill frame is 1.51 mm; According to the frequency domain curve, it can be shown that the amplitude of the drill pipe reaches its maximum at around 11.94 Hz compared to other components of the drilling rig, with a maximum value of 392.6 mm; According to the vibration phase diagram, it can be shown that the overall stability of the power head, drilling frame, and crossbeam of the anchor drill is good during the vibration process. The vibration response characteristics of key components of the anchoring drilling rig during the drilling process were obtained through comparative experiments on the anchoring test prototype, which is basically consistent with the results of dynamic numerical simulation. This verifies the reliability of the theoretical analysis of drilling vibration characteristics of key components. The relevant theoretical results can provide a theoretical basis for the stability research of the anchoring drilling rig in the comprehensive excavation face.

anchor group  /  mathematical model  /  vibration characteristics  /  mechanical characteristics  /  drilling experiment
谢苗, 唐千时, 张鸿宇, 孙晓虎, 刘杰. 综掘面掘支锚配套锚固钻机部力学特性研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (10) : 2312 -2321 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310036
Miao XIE, Qianshi TANG, Hongyu ZHANG, Xiaohu SUN, Jie LIU. Mechanical characteristics of the anchor drilling machine for comprehensive excavation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (10) : 2312 -2321 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310036
现如今矿井已实现了一体化掘进,但锚固施工仍然需要人工手动钻进迎头进行,严重限制了掘进效率,且作业安全得不到保障。为了确保锚固群组[13]在钻进过程中能够高效快速地施工,一个可靠的锚固钻机群组是必不可少的。在使用锚固钻机群组的过程中,其展现出了令人信赖的锚固和支护功能,这一特性对于煤矿井下巷道的建设来说具有至关重要的意义。为分析锚固钻机群组在振动作用下的状态变化和相应的力学特性[49],国内相关学者对各类型的锚固群组进行了大量的振动及力学研究,郝阳等[10]分析不同激振方式下锚杆的振动特性,得到最优激振方式,提出现场锚杆轴力无损检测流程,最后在现场进行工业性试验,验证参数分析后的轴力与一阶固有频率的关系。付孟雄等[11]针对煤巷顶板岩层结构复杂多变、劣化区域不易探明,易导致锚杆支护煤巷冒顶的问题,利用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进过程中钻杆的横向、纵向、扭转振动特征。樊克松等[12]利用开发的无损检测仪现场测试分析了顶板锚固体中应力波的频率域曲线,依据测试的横向振动频率曲线判别顶板锚固体的失稳模式,便于对易失稳的顶板采取及时主动加固措施以避免灾害发生。张坤等[13]研究超前液压支架群组与锚杆(索)耦合支护围岩的力学特性,建立超前液压支架群组‑锚固耦合支护围岩力学模型,引入罚函数对模型边界条件进行约束,基于Hamilton原理变分获得系统控制方程,最后通过现场试验验证了上述结果的有效性,为深部矿井围岩的安全稳定维护和智能化支护控制提供理论支撑。本文以四钻机顶锚固作业为研究对象,利用拉格朗日方程为基础建立锚固群组数学模型,构建锚固钻机部动力学模型得到各大部件时域与频域响应特征;利用MATLAB软件对锚固群组进行动力学求解和特性分析,求得横、纵向振动规律;通过锚固群组样机钻孔试验获得锚固钻机部关键部件实际振动位移数值,利用相关振动检测系统测量并与数值结果对比,验证关键部件钻进振动特征理论分析的可靠性,上述研究方法可有效模拟锚固钻孔动力响应过程,为自动锚固定位技术提供理论基础。
在煤矿井下的快速掘进系统中,现有的应用效果并不理想,主要存在锚固作业时机身稳定性差、效率低、跟机移设困难等问题。针对以上综掘面现存掘锚并行作业问题[14],提出了一种掘支锚并行作业的快速掘进机组,如图1所示,其主要由掘进机、超前支护设备、锚固群组系统三大部分构成[15],通过稳定锚固系统、高效钻进系统、灵活运输系统和智能控制系统[16]的协同工作,实现了快速、安全、高效的掘进作业。在掘进作业过程中[17],掘锚分离、互不干扰,系统整体紧凑、空间利用率大。基于智能系统中的锚固群组系统,提出一种锚固钻机系统钻进抑振装置[18],主要目标是减少锚固钻进过程中产生的振动,从而降低对巷道周围地层和结构的影响,这有助于确保锚固作业的稳定性和安全性。该装置采用“顶天立地”式稳定支撑形式,减少锚固钻机群组系统在同步作业时相邻系统耦合振动的影响[19];同时可以提高锚杆预紧力,并适当降低挠度强度和锚杆支护的密度。锚固群组系统采用机械化控制,具有高效的工作能力,大幅度提高了钻进的效率,减少了对工人劳动力的需求并缩短了掘进周期[20],一定程度上降低了工作成本,对其锚固过程力学特性[21]及可靠性研究具有重要意义。
锚固钻机钻进主要振动方式为纵向振动,为此以顶锚钻机工作状态为研究工况,对锚固群组构建简化动力学模型如图2所示,建立了以锚固横梁中心为坐标轴的矩形坐标系o‑xyz,以及沿x轴纵向振动的广义坐标系,图中显示了各个锚固单元的动态模型。
通过对整个锚固群组的分析可以看出,锚固群组可以简化为具有复杂质量模量分布和复杂运动分析的多自由度和多弹性系统。因此,利用拉格朗日方程建立锚固群组系统的动力学方程是非常有效的。完整的拉格朗日方程通常可以表示为:
ddt(Tx˙j)-Txj+Vxj+Dx˙j=Fj(t)
式中,Fj(t)为外部激振力,xj为广义位移,x˙j为广义速度,其中j=1,2,3,…;t为时间;T为机组动能;V为机组势能;D为机组耗能函数。
基于动能理论的基本理论,求解了系统的动能、势能和耗能函数。通过在上述方程(1)中进行替换,可以获得系统具有几个自由度的运动方程的多项式,并且可以获得二阶n元微分方程;为了便于二阶微分方程的求解,可以进一步简化为一阶微分方程,并使用Runge‑Kutta方法求解一阶微分方程式,以获得系统每个质量块的位移‑时间关系。
锚固钻机部振动模型的构建需要考虑锚固钻机部各大部件本身的特性,包括质量、刚度、阻尼等参数。锚固群组纵向动力学模型如图2所示。图2中,m1表示支撑平台质量;m21m22分别表示左、右立柱质量;m3表示中间横梁质量;m41m42分别表示左、右伸缩横梁质量;m51~m54表示钻机钻架质量;m61~m64表示钻机支撑板质量;m71~m74表示钻机动力头质量;m81~m84表示钻机钻杆质量;k35k36c35c36分别表示中间横梁‑伸缩梁间的等效刚度和阻尼;k41k42c41c42分别表示伸缩梁‑钻架间的等效刚度和阻尼;k51~k54c51~c54分别表示钻架‑支撑板间的等效刚度和阻尼;k55~k58c55~c58分别表示钻架‑动力头间的等效刚度和阻尼;k61~k64c61~c64分别表示支撑板‑顶板间的等效刚度和阻尼;k71~k74c71~c74分别表示动力头‑钻杆间的等效刚度和阻尼;k81~k84c81~c84分别表示钻杆‑顶板间的等效刚度和阻尼;k31k32c31c32分别表示钻架‑中间横梁间的等效刚度和阻尼;k21c21分别表示左立柱‑中间横梁间的等效刚度和阻尼;k12c12分别表示左立柱‑支撑平台间的等效刚度和阻尼;k22c22分别表示右立柱‑中间横梁间的等效刚度和阻尼;k11c11分别表示右立柱‑支撑平台间的等效刚度和阻尼;kt1~kt4ct1~ct4分别表示支腿1~4与地面间的等效刚度和阻尼;p为支撑平台重心距离支腿的距离;rd表示支撑平台宽度的一半;q表示支撑平台高度;J1J2分别表示支撑平台水平转动惯量和侧向转动惯量,转动角度分别为ληFdc1~Fdc4Fdz1~Fdz4分别表示钻机钻进支撑反力和钻进阻力;Ft1~Ft4表示支腿1~4的支撑力;x1~x8依次表示锚固群组各质量块沿纵向(x向)的位移;xt1~xt4表示支腿1~4的位移。各质量块间均采用法兰连接。
利用能量法可知锚固群组整机的动能为:
T=12[m1x˙12+(m21+m22)x˙22+m3x˙32+(m41+m42)x˙42+i=14m5ix˙52+i=14m6ix˙62+i=14m7ix˙72+i=14m8ix˙82+J1η˙2+J2λ˙2]
假设:
m2i=m2(i=1,2),m4i=m4(i=1,2),m5i=m5(i=1,2,3,4),m6i=m6(i=1,2,3,4),m7i=m7(i=1,2,3,4),m8i=m8(i=1,2,3,4)
为此动能简化为如下形式:
T=12m1x˙12+m2x˙22+12m3x˙32+m4x˙42+2m5x˙52+2m6x˙62+2m7x˙72+2m8x˙82+12J1η˙2+12J1λ˙2
式中,x˙i(i=1,2,,8)为各质量块的速度参数。
锚固群组依靠4条支腿稳定支撑作业,考虑到钻进过程中钻杆振动对锚固钻机部的影响,支腿具有不同的伸展状态。假设支撑平台水平摆动角度为η,侧向摆动角度为λ。各支腿对应位移及速度如下:
{x11=x1+dλx12=x1-dλ
{xt1=x1+p2+q2η+d2+q2λxt2=x1-p2+q2η+d2+q2λxt3=x1-p2+q2η-d2+q2λxt4=x1+p2+q2η-d2+q2λ
p2+q2=l1d2+q2=l2,则式(5)可简化为:
{xt1=x1+l1η+l2λxt2=x1-l1η+l2λxt3=x1-l1η-l2λxt4=x1+l1η-l2λ
锚固群组势能表达式为:
V=12kt1xt12+12kt2xt22+12kt3xt32+12kt4xt42+12k11(x11-x2)2+12k12(x12-x2)2+12k11(x11-x2)2+12k12(x12-x2)2+12(k21+k22)(x2-x3)2+12(k35+k36)(x3-x4)2+12(k31+k32)(x3-x5)2+12(k41+k42)(x4-x5)2+12i=14k5i(x5-x6)2+12i=58k5i(x5-x7)2+12i=14k6ix62+12i=14k7i(x7-x8)2+12i=14k8ix82
由于4台钻机结构形式相同,布置位置对称,为此可假设部分相似部件的刚度近似相等,如下式所示:
kti=kt(i=1,2,3,4),k1i=k1(i=1,2),k2i=k2(i=1,2),k3i=k3/1(i=1,2),k3i=k3/2(i=5,6),k4i=k4(i=1,2),k5i=k5/1(i=1,2,3,4),k5i=k5/2(i=5,6,7,8),k6i=k6(i=1,2,3,4),k7i=k7(i=1,2,3,4),
k8i=k8(i=1,2,3,4),k11=k12=k1,k21=k22=k2,
其中,k3/1表示质量块k31k32位置状态相同,属同一类别,其余类似。
结合式(6)与(7),势能表达式可简化为:
V=2kt[(x1+l1η+l2λ)2+(x1-l1η+l2λ)2+(x1-l1η-l2λ)2+(x1+l1η-l2λ)2]+12k1[(x1+dλ-x2)2+(x1-dλ-x2)2]+k2(x2-x3)2+k3/2(x3-x4)2+k3/1(x3-x5)2+k4(x4-x5)2+2k5/1(x5-x6)2+2k5/2(x5-x7)2+2k6x62+2k7(x7-x8)2+2k8x82
锚固群组耗能方程表达式为:
D=2ct[(x1+l1η+l2λ)2+(x1-l1η+l2λ)2+(x1-l1η-l2λ)2+(x1+l1η-l2λ)2]+12c1[(x1+dλ-x2)2+(x1-dλ-x2)2]+c2(x2-x3)2+c3/2(x3-x4)2+c3/1(x3-x5)2+c4(x4-x5)2+2c5/1(x5-x6)2+2c5/2(x5-x7)2+2c6x62+2c7(x7-x8)2+2c8x82
确定刚度及阻尼系数通常使用数值分析方法,将上述表达式代入拉格朗日方程式中得到系统的运动方程:
m1x¨1=-(Ft1+Ft2+Ft3+Ft4)-[16ktx1+2k1x1+2k1x2+16ctx˙1+2c1x˙1+2ctx˙2]
m2x¨2=-[2k1x1-2k1x2+2k2x2-2k2x3+2c1x˙1-2c1x˙2+2c2x˙2-c2x˙3]
m3x¨3=-[2k2(x3-x2)+2k3/2(x3-x4)+2k3/1(x3-x5)+2c2(x˙3-x˙2)+2c3/2(x˙3-x˙4)+2c3/1(x˙3-x˙5)]
m4x¨4=-[2k3/2(x4-x3)+2k4(x4-x5)+2c3/1(x˙4-x˙3)+2c4(x˙4-x˙5)]
m5x¨5=-[2k3/1(x5-x3)+2k4(x5-x4)+4k5/1(x5-x6)+4k5/2(x5-x7)+2c3/1(x˙5-x˙3)+2c4(x˙5-x˙4)+4c5/1(x˙5-x˙6)+4c5/2(x˙5-x˙7)]
m6x¨6=Fdc1+Fdc2+Fdc3+Fdc4-[4k5/1(x6-x5)+4k6x6+4c5/1(x˙6-x˙5)+4c6x˙6]
m7x¨7=-[4k5/2(x7-x5)+4k7(x7-x8)+4c5/2(x˙7-x˙5)+4c7(x˙7-x˙8)]
m8x¨8=Fdz1+Fdz2+Fdz3+Fdz4-[4k7(x8-x7)+4k8x8+4c7(x˙8-x˙7)+4c8x˙8]
J1η=-(16l2ktη+4l2k1η+16l2ctη˙+4l2c1η˙)
J2λ=-(16l2ktλ+4l2k1λ+16l2ctλ˙+4l2c1λ˙)
锚固钻机部数值求解可以用来模拟锚固群组钻机在煤矿井下工作时的动力学特性。这有助于了解系统对外部力和环境变化的响应,以及锚固钻机部关键部件的稳定性和性能。在锚固作业中,煤岩刚度、密度、强度都可以对钻进载荷产生影响,具体使用哪种方式取决于煤岩属性和所构建的动力学模型。本研究使用数值分析软件MATLAB求解锚固群组的动态微分方程,得到了锚固群组各大部件的振动位移响应,如图3所示。如图3(a)所示,由于围岩和钻井参数的时变性质,在钻煤与岩石时,围岩对钻杆的反作用力也具有时变特性,导致钻杆的纵向振动位移较大,最大为3.59 mm。钻杆作为细长梁结构,其弯曲运动较大,而钻杆的纵向振动位移比其他方向稍大,这与实际工况相符。如图3(b)所示,由于钻头与相应钻杆之间存在间隙连接,钻杆在钻进过程中将振动冲击传递给动力头,对钻机产生一定的振动影响。然而,头部和钻头通过固定法兰连接,因此钻头振动位移小于钻杆,最大为2.96 mm。钻机钻架是整台钻机的基础,具有较强稳定性,其最大振动位移约为1.51 mm,如图3(c)所示。固定横梁为锚固钻机稳定撑架,为锚固钻孔过程中的主要承重部件,因此横梁纵向振动位移相对较小,如图3(d)所示,其最大纵向振动位移约为1.85 mm。立柱作为横梁与支撑平台间连接支撑柔性件,且由于机组重力影响会导致油缸纵向产生一定振动位移,如图3(e)所示,位移产生一定波动性,最大位移约为2.48 mm。锚固群组底座为支腿稳定支撑形式,但实际工作过程中由于地面不平及支腿油缸受力不均等工况,往往导致支撑平台在纵向具有较大振动位移,如图3(f)所示,其最大纵向振动位移约为14.80 mm。
通过对各大部件钻进过程的频域响应特性分析可知,如图4(a)所示,0~50 Hz条件下,左、右钻杆存在两处共振区域,其中有两处区域波峰对应频率处于重合状态,即在频率为11.94、37.83 Hz时,左、右钻杆幅值分别达到最大,为392.6、285.6 mm,振动效果明显;如图4(b)所示,左、右动力头的共振频率范围与钻杆振动频率相同,两次共振频率下,左动力头和右动力头的最小、最大幅值分别为143.7和57.95 mm,左动力头存在最大共振振幅,与钻杆振幅规律相反;锚固群组剩余部件在0~50 Hz下共存在两次共振频率范围,如图4(c)~(d)所示,其中左钻架、横梁的共振频率区域几乎相同,相对而言最大的振动幅值为左钻架振动幅值279.2 mm,最小的振动幅值为横梁振动幅值11.56 mm。
图5(a)~(d)为锚固群组各大部件纵向振动相图。为简化篇幅,仅列出关键部件振动相图。根据实际工况分析可知,锚固群组各大部件纵向振动相图显示,钻杆振动相对而言处于无规则振动趋势。这一趋势是由于受到时变载荷的影响所致,如图5(a)所示。同样,左、右立柱与支撑平台也处于无规则振动趋势,这是由于地面不平整性及支腿油缸柔性特征的影响,逐渐朝向“三角”形状,如图5(e)~(f)所示。其他钻机组件与固定横梁整体稳定性良好,初始的钻进过程会受到外界激励影响而产生一定的无规则振动,但随着自身调整逐渐趋向稳定,如图5(a)~(d)所示,稳定状态呈“椭圆”形状。
为求得锚固群组系统的振动特性影响机理,验证动力学数学模型的可靠性,设计了锚固机组试验样机,模拟现场煤岩属性进行锚固钻进试验,锚固试验台如图6所示。由钻机及电动推杆相互配合实现对煤岩试样的钻进作业,通过转速传感器、振动传感器、轴销力传感器、位移传感器采集钻机钻进过程中的钻机转速、钻机振动、钻机的钻进阻力、钻机的钻进深度,PLC收集传感器采集的电信号并转化为直观的转速、振动、阻力、钻深曲线显示在上位机上,试验样机部分元件参数如表1所示。试验时固定两台钻机位置及角度,保持底板坡度平缓,两台钻机距离保持不变,通过锚固钻进试验观察锚固钻机关键部件振动、转速、位移等情况,以此对比验证各关键部件动力学数值求解结果是否准确。
经过相关系统配套软件对本体振动位移进行分析,由图7曲线可知,两台钻机同时钻进状态下钻架振动位移最小,最小值为1.97 mm;支撑平台振动位移最大,最大值为14.91 mm。试验结果与模拟仿真求解分析结果相比整体偏大,这是由于试验台本体为电动推杆连接,并非刚性连接,对本体振动位移产生一定影响,现场试验所得到的曲线对比图3模拟曲线波动性更大,证明现场实际情况更为复杂。从图7(a)的对比中可以看出,在两台钻机钻进过程中,钻杆所受到的振动位移较大,振动幅度约为4 mm,振动位移最大值为3.86 mm;从图7(b)的对比中可知,在两台钻机钻进过程中,钻架振动较小,振动幅度仅为2 mm左右,振动偏移量改变并不明显,最大振动位移仅为1.97 mm;从图7(c)的对比中发现,支撑平台振动幅度非常大,是由于两台钻机下方支撑平台装有滑道并非固定在底部基座上,这样便于控制两台钻机之间的距离,从而得到的结果与实际工况相符。通过对比3组数据可以发现,各关键零部件实际振动位移与动力学数值模拟结果基本一致,模拟曲线比试验曲线更为规律一些,但振动幅度基本相同,验证了动力学数值求解结果的准确性。从3组数据中还可以发现,钻进岩层不同时振动大小也随之改变,发生了很明显的曲线分层,中间层是煤层故而振动偏移量最大,其他两层含煤量较少故而振动偏移量也较小。
上述试验结果表明,模拟分析与实际结果偏差保持在2%之内,不仅验证了动力学数值求解的可靠性,同时也为实现锚固作业的自动化与无人化提供技术基础。
(1)本文提出一套适合于复杂环境下的掘支锚并行工作的锚固钻机系统,该锚固钻机部具备在复杂环境下的高适应能力,能够实现掘锚同步并行快速作业模式。通过分析该锚固钻机部关键部件的力学特性,并对其主要部件钻进振动特性的理论计算结果进行验证,能减少同步作业时相邻系统耦合振动影响。
(2)利用拉格朗日方程构建系统动力学模型,利用数值分析法分别获得系统时域曲线、频域曲线与相位曲线。依据频域曲线分析可得,小刚度大变形钻杆与锚固钻机其他部件相比振动半径相对较大,振动半径为3.59 mm;通过时域曲线可知,在频率为11.94、37.83 Hz的左、右钻杆幅值达到最大,分别为392.6、285.6 mm,振动效果明显;通过分析关键部件振动相图可知,钻机动力头、钻架及横梁在振动过程中整体稳定性良好。
(3)对比观察锚固样机试验与动力学模拟仿真结果发现,在煤矿巷道内锚固钻机关键部件中钻杆的振动位移最大,试验值为3.86 mm,模拟值为3.59 mm。钻架在锚固钻机部关键部件中振动位移最小,试验值为1.97 mm,模拟值为1.51 mm。支撑平台由于没有固定在底座上,故而其振动位移较大,最大值为14.91 mm。研究结果有助于提高锚固工程工作效率,在减少人力投入的同时保障掘进作业的安全性和稳定性,为施工提供有力的理论和实践指导。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874158; 51904142)
  • 华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H34)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310036
  • 接收时间:2023-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-17
  • 修回日期:2023-12-27
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874158; 51904142)
华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H34)
作者信息
    1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123000;
    2.新疆露天矿智能生产与管控重点实验室,新疆 昌吉 831100;
    3.华能煤炭技术研究有限公司,北京 100070

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唐千时(1997―),男,硕士研究生。E‑mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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