Article(id=1225751355311174026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202311058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701187200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-29, revisedDate=1709395200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770171496464, onlineDateStr=2026-02-04, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770171496464, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770171496464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770171496464, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1225751351125263080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='10', pageStart='2205', pageEnd='2462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770171495466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774228911890, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242769389133611807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242769389133611808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1225751351125263080, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2214, endPage=2222, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1225751355583803799, articleId=1225751355311174026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Multi‑order noise modulation driven by a differential phase scheduled command‑FxLMS algorithm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The command‑FxLMS algorithm for multi‑order noise modulation has unnecessarily high output gain when there is a phase error between the command signal and the disturbance signal. Aiming at this problem, a multi‑order active sound profiling system based on the modified differential phase scheduled command filtered‑x least mean square (DPSC‑FxLMS) algorithm is constructed. By adjusting the phase of the command signal to keep it in phase with the disturbance signal, the output level of the control signal is reduced while keeping the same control performance. Simulation analysis and comparison of engine steady‑state multi‑order noise modulation using the above algorithms are carried out, and the control effect of the algorithms is verified. For the in‑phase case, two algorithms share the identical performance and control effect, while for the out‑of‑phase case, the DPSC‑FxLMS algorithm requires less control effort than the command‑FxLMS to achieve the same control performance. The multi‑order noise modulation simulation of the above algorithm is carried out using the multi‑order noise signal collected from a real vehicle. The simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for practical in‑vehicle applications.

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用于车内多阶次噪声调制的指令‑参考滤波最小均方(command‑FxLMS)算法,在指令信号和干扰信号具有相位差时,会出现不必要的高输出增益。针对此问题,根据改进的差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方(DPSC‑FxLMS)算法搭建了多阶次噪声主动声音分析系统,通过调节指令信号的相位使其与干扰信号保持同相,以减小相同控制效果下的控制信号输出。使用上述系统进行了稳态多阶次噪声调制仿真分析,并与指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法进行对比,以验证算法的控制效果。仿真结果表明,在指令信号与干扰信号同相时,两种算法的控制效果和控制输出一致;在指令信号与干扰信号异相时,差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法能够使用较小的控制信号输出来实现与指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法相同的控制效果。进一步地,使用实测的车内多阶次噪声信号进行了上述算法的多阶次噪声调制仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法在实际车内应用的可行性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郑旭(1983―),男,博士,副教授。E‑mail:
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励汝彬(1999―),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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励汝彬(1999―),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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Engine parameters of the hybrid test vehicle

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参数数值
排量/mL1498
气缸数4
冲程数4
最大功率/kW110
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某混合动力试验车发动机参数表

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参数数值
排量/mL1498
气缸数4
冲程数4
最大功率/kW110
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差分相位调制指令‑FxLMS算法驱动的多阶次噪声调制
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励汝彬 1 , 郑旭 1 , 贾梓镔 2 , 刘学贤 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(10): 2214-2222
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(10): 2214-2222
差分相位调制指令‑FxLMS算法驱动的多阶次噪声调制
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励汝彬1 , 郑旭1 , 贾梓镔2, 刘学贤1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江大学能源工程学院,浙江 杭州 310027;
  • 2.浙江塞特仑科技有限公司,浙江 杭州 311199
  • 励汝彬(1999―),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郑旭(1983―),男,博士,副教授。E‑mail:
Multi‑order noise modulation driven by a differential phase scheduled command‑FxLMS algorithm
Rubin LI1 , Xu ZHENG1 , Zibin JIA2, Xuexian LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • 2.Zhejiang Setron Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311199, China
doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202311058
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用于车内多阶次噪声调制的指令‑参考滤波最小均方(command‑FxLMS)算法,在指令信号和干扰信号具有相位差时,会出现不必要的高输出增益。针对此问题,根据改进的差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方(DPSC‑FxLMS)算法搭建了多阶次噪声主动声音分析系统,通过调节指令信号的相位使其与干扰信号保持同相,以减小相同控制效果下的控制信号输出。使用上述系统进行了稳态多阶次噪声调制仿真分析,并与指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法进行对比,以验证算法的控制效果。仿真结果表明,在指令信号与干扰信号同相时,两种算法的控制效果和控制输出一致;在指令信号与干扰信号异相时,差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法能够使用较小的控制信号输出来实现与指令‑参考滤波最小均方算法相同的控制效果。进一步地,使用实测的车内多阶次噪声信号进行了上述算法的多阶次噪声调制仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法在实际车内应用的可行性。

主动声音分析  /  参考滤波最小均方  /  差分相位调制  /  多阶次噪声  /  稳态仿真

The command‑FxLMS algorithm for multi‑order noise modulation has unnecessarily high output gain when there is a phase error between the command signal and the disturbance signal. Aiming at this problem, a multi‑order active sound profiling system based on the modified differential phase scheduled command filtered‑x least mean square (DPSC‑FxLMS) algorithm is constructed. By adjusting the phase of the command signal to keep it in phase with the disturbance signal, the output level of the control signal is reduced while keeping the same control performance. Simulation analysis and comparison of engine steady‑state multi‑order noise modulation using the above algorithms are carried out, and the control effect of the algorithms is verified. For the in‑phase case, two algorithms share the identical performance and control effect, while for the out‑of‑phase case, the DPSC‑FxLMS algorithm requires less control effort than the command‑FxLMS to achieve the same control performance. The multi‑order noise modulation simulation of the above algorithm is carried out using the multi‑order noise signal collected from a real vehicle. The simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for practical in‑vehicle applications.

active sound profiling  /  filtered‑x least mean square  /  differential phase schedule  /  multi‑order noise  /  steady‑state simulation
励汝彬, 郑旭, 贾梓镔, 刘学贤. 差分相位调制指令‑FxLMS算法驱动的多阶次噪声调制. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (10) : 2214 -2222 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202311058
Rubin LI, Xu ZHENG, Zibin JIA, Xuexian LIU. Multi‑order noise modulation driven by a differential phase scheduled command‑FxLMS algorithm[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (10) : 2214 -2222 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202311058
主动噪声控制(active noise control,ANC)技术运用控制算法在测点位置处生成与原始噪声幅值相等、频率相同但相位相反的相干声波,该声波与原始噪声相互抵消,可有效降低测点位置处的噪声水平[12]。主动噪声控制系统利用传感器探测得到的参考信号和误差信号,通过自适应算法更新控制滤波器系数,并驱动次级声源主动播放反相信号来实现噪声消除的物理过程[3]。近年来,随着数字信号处理(digital signal processing,DSP)技术的发展,前馈有源噪声控制算法[4]以及基于前馈算法的车内主动噪声控制系统也得到了广泛研究[57],一些汽车厂商已将主动噪声控制系统应用于量产车型上,以降低车内的发动机和道路噪声水平。
主动噪声控制系统的控制目标一般为降低所有测点处的平均声能量,这一目标可被量化为平均的测点声压级衰减量,ANC系统控制的噪声主要频率区间一般在20~500 Hz范围内。以车内发动机阶次噪声为代表的旋转机械多阶次噪声作为车辆内部噪声的重要组成部分,是一类典型的窄带谐波噪声。针对这类包含多个单频特征的噪声,可以使用低阶的自适应陷波器代替常规主动噪声控制系统中的高阶有限冲激响应滤波器以降低系统计算负担,此类系统被称为窄带主动噪声控制系统[810]
作为主动噪声控制系统的一个变体,主动声音分析(active sound profiling,ASP)或主动噪声均衡(active noise equalization,ANE)系统旨在通过调制控制测点噪声频谱分量的幅值,优化噪声各阶次的比例[11]
主动噪声均衡的概念最早由KUO等[1213]提出,并在此基础上构建了可线性调节增益的窄带主动噪声均衡器。WANG等[14]分析了增益大小、次级通路估计误差及采样频率对于主动噪声均衡系统收敛特性的影响。REES等[11]提出了主动声音分析的概念,指出了主动声音分析的内模参考滤波最小均方算法(internal model FxLMS)与主动噪声均衡算法的相似性并对比了各类主动声音分析算法的优劣势。
为满足消费者和车企对于车内各阶次噪声幅值的不同需求,指令‑参考滤波最小均方(command‑ FxLMS)算法作为主动声音分析的一种实现方式,可实现车内多阶次噪声的主动调制。该算法通过在基本的窄带主动降噪系统中加入指令信号以改变降噪目标,来实现有针对性的窄带噪声衰减、保持或增强功能。但由于该算法未考虑指令信号与主级噪声信号的相位匹配,因而在指令信号与主级噪声信号具有相位差时,系统将会使作动器输出不必要的高幅值信号。在实际应用中,这会使功率放大器和扬声器等电声设备运行在其非线性区间,甚至发生过载。
针对此问题,文献[11]中提出使用输出信号和误差信号对外部干扰信号进行估计,并使用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)提取出外部干扰信号的相位,使用信号发生器构建与外部干扰信号同相的指令信号,使得算法在最小输出信号幅值下实现主动声音分析功能。此算法被称为相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方(phase scheduled command‑ FxLMS,PSC‑FxLMS)算法。基于此算法,PATEL等[15]提出了改进的MPSC‑FxLMS算法,使用智能自适应磁滞切换器优化了系统的稳定性。贺岩松等[16]使用FIR滤波器和反三角函数改进了PSC‑FxLMS算法相位提取的过程,加快了相位提取的速度。基于傅里叶变换提取相位的PSC‑FxLMS算法在非整周期采样时存在相位提取误差较大的问题,这会影响该算法的频率分辨率。
为了使多阶次主动声音分析算法准确提取外部干扰信号的相位信息,从而满足不同工况下,车内多阶次噪声系统输出稳定在较小范围的目的,本文基于多阶次窄带主动声音分析算法的原理,针对PSC‑FxLMS算法相位提取误差较大的问题,提出了改进的差分相位提取方法,并基于此提出了差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方(differential PSC‑FxLMS,DPSC‑FxLMS)算法,以优化PSC‑FxLMS算法的相位提取准确性。应用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件,构建了一个基于DPSC‑FxLMS算法的多阶次噪声主动声音分析系统,通过该系统进行了稳态工况的多阶次噪声调制仿真分析,并与command‑FxLMS算法进行了对比,以验证算法的多阶次噪声调制效果。
基于窄带FxLMS算法的多阶次command‑ FxLMS算法框图如图1所示。相较于标准的窄带FxLMS算法,command‑FxLMS 算法通过参考信号和期望增益生成期望信号,并与误差信号相减,以生成用于算法迭代的伪误差信号。算法迭代过程中,伪误差信号均方值趋向最小化,此时测点处的误差信号便趋向于期望信号。
在多阶次command‑FxLMS算法中,参考信号x(n)为与转速信号ω(n)同步的正余弦信号,对于第i阶发动机噪声,有:
ωi(n)=i×2πne60Tsn
x1i(n)=cos(ωi(n))
x2i(n)=sin(ωi(n))
式中,ne为转速;Ts为系统采样周期;n为当前采样点数。
误差信号e(n)为外部干扰信号d(n)与经次级通路滤波后的控制信号u'(n)的线性叠加,可表示为:
e(n)=d(n)+u'(n)
其中,滤波控制信号u'(n)由下式进行计算:
u'(n)=j=0J-1gju(n-j)
式中,u(n)表示算法输出的控制信号;gj表示次级通路G(z)脉冲响应函数J阶FIR滤波器的第j个系数。
基于随机梯度下降方法的FxLMS算法使用每个采样周期更新一次的控制滤波器系数使伪误差信号均方值趋向最小化。对于第i阶发动机噪声,控制滤波器系数的迭代公式如下:
W1i(n+1)=W1i(n)-αr^1i(n)e'(n)
W2i(n+1)=W2i(n)-αr^2i(n)e'(n)
式中,W1i(n+1)W2i(n+1)为下一采样点的控制滤波器系数;W1i(n)W2i(n)为当前采样点的控制滤波器系数;α为收敛因子;e'(n)为伪误差信号; r^1i(n)r^2i(n)分别为x1i(n)x2i(n)经次级通路对象模型滤波后的信号,可表示为:
r^1i(n)=j=0J-1g^jx1i(n-j)
r^2i(n)=j=0J-1g^jx2i(n-j)
式中,g^j表示次级通路对象模型G^(z)脉冲响应函数J阶FIR滤波器的第j个系数。
算法输出的控制信号u(n)是由各阶参考信号经时域控制滤波器滤波后叠加得到的,有:
u(n)=i=1M[W1i(n)x1i(n)+W2i(n)x2i(n)]
每个采样点处的伪误差信号e'(n)由误差信号e(n)减去指令信号c(n)生成:
e'(n)=e(n)-c(n)
其中,窄带指令信号c(n)是由发动机各阶次噪声经幅值调制后叠加生成的。设待控制发动机阶次数为M,则指令信号可表示为:
c(n)=i=1Mci(n)=Cicos(ωi(n))
式中,Ci表示第i阶发动机噪声的期望增益。
多阶次command‑FxLMS算法在指令信号与外部干扰信号没有相位差时能够实现较好的发动机阶次噪声调制效果,同时受次级通路对象模型的建模误差影响较小。然而在实际应用过程中,测点处采集得到的外部干扰信号由于外部声学环境的声传播延迟和控制器计算的延迟会引入相位差,即外部干扰信号与参考信号并非是同相信号。此时command‑FxLMS算法便需要使用具有相位差的输入信号来进行迭代,这将使控制系统收敛后的输出信号幅值较最优的输出幅值大,导致系统输出设备,包括功放和扬声器产生不必要的高输出信号,这为算法的实际应用带来困难。
图2所示为多阶次PSC‑FxLMS算法框图。在算法收敛时,通过输出信号u(n)和误差信号e(n)计算得到的外部干扰信号估计d^(n)由下式表示:
d^(n)=e(n)-j=0J-1g^ju(n-j)
每经过N个采样周期,取该信号当前采样点及前(N-1)个采样点,并执行N点FFT变换,得到d^(n)的离散傅里叶变换结果D^(k)如下式所示:
D^(k)=n=0N-1d^(n)e-j2πNkn;k=0,1,,N-1
式中,j=-1为虚数单位。
对于第i阶发动机噪声,取D^中的待控制阶次对应频率点D^(ki)处的幅角,得到外部干扰信号估计的相位θd^i,有:
θd^i=arctan[D^(ki)]R[D^(ki)]
式中,R[][]分别表示取复数的实部和虚部。
在指令信号发生器中,参考式(12)中的期望增益以及提取得到的相位信息构建相位调制的指令信号c(n),表示为:
c(n)=i=1Mci(n)=Cicos(ωi(n)+θd^i)
若外部干扰信号的相位估计准确,则该指令信号与外部干扰信号应为同相信号,这样便可使command‑FxLMS算法在实现多阶次发动机噪声幅值调制的同时达到最小化输出的效果。
上述的PSC‑FxLMS算法在相位提取准确时,能够实现各阶次指令信号与各阶次外部干扰信号的相位匹配,从而使算法输出维持在较低水平。当傅里叶变换的点数N与第1阶外部干扰信号的周期Td^1吻合时,有:
Td^1=NTs
在信号的N点傅里叶变换结果D^(k)中,最小频率间隔Δf为:
Δf=1NTs=1Td^1=fd^1
式中,fd^1为1阶干扰信号的频率。故此时式(15)可简化为:
θd^i=arctan[D^(i)]R[D^(i)];i=1,2,,N2-1
但由于外部干扰信号的频率不一定是系统采样频率的整数倍,当傅里叶变换点数无法与第1阶外部干扰信号周期完全吻合时,信号将出现非整周期采样现象。若将傅里叶变换点数N按四舍五入计为最接近第1阶外部干扰信号周期的整数,有:
εn=|Td^1Ts-N|0.5
当傅里叶变换点数N不变时,第i阶噪声因非整周期采样出现的相位估计累积误差为:
εθd^i=i2πTsTd^iεniπTsTd^i
这会对PSC‑FxLMS算法的相位估计产生干扰。为解决此问题,可引入相位差分项Δθd^i,建立差分相位调制指令‑参考滤波最小均方(DPSC‑FxLMS)算法。此相位差分代表当前和上一个FFT变换后的相位估计结果之差,其表达式为:
Δθd^i=|θd^i(n)-θd^i(n-N)|
算法运行的流程图如图3所示,算法模型框图如图4所示。在算法运行时,判断该相位差分项是否大于各阶噪声相位估计误差阈值,当相位差分高于阈值时,判断外部干扰信号发生了相位变化,算法需根据当前相位估计对指令信号相位进行更新,否则不更改指令信号相位。差分相位提取方法可以有效保证当待控制噪声信号无法进行整周期采样时PSC‑FxLMS算法的稳定性,提高了算法实际应用的可行性。
设四缸四冲程发动机工作于3000 r/min的恒定转速下,待控制阶次为第2、4、6阶,可通过式(1)计算其3阶噪声对应频率分别为100、200、300 Hz。考虑不同频率单频信号的传播相位差不同,设置3阶噪声对应外部干扰信号的初始相角分别为0、π6-3π4 rad,初始幅值为3、2、0.5,则合成的外部干扰信号d(n)的表达式为:
d(n)=3cos(200πTsn)+2cos(400πTsn+π6)+0.5cos(600πTsn-3π4)
其前0.2 s的时域图像如图5所示。由图5可知,由于3个阶次噪声的幅值和相位各不相同,因此合成的外部干扰信号幅值也不关于零轴对称。
次级通路及次级通路对象模型使用文献[2]中提供的128阶FIR滤波器进行模拟,其脉冲响应和频率响应曲线分别如图67所示。
基于多阶次command‑FxLMS和DPSC‑Fx LMS算法的仿真模型均使用2000 Hz的采样频率进行仿真,仿真时长为2 s。仿真过程中,两种算法的收敛因子都调节至最优值,以保证收敛效果稳定。
对于上述的第2、4、6阶发动机噪声,设置指令信号的期望增益分别为C1=1C2=2C3=3,这对应于主动声音分析的3种不同模式,分别为衰减模式、中性模式和增强模式。
令3个阶次指令信号的初始相位分别为θc1=0θc2=π6 rad,θc3=-3π4 rad,与外部干扰信号的初始相位相同,此时由式(12)和(16)可知,command‑FxLMS与DPSC‑FxLMS算法的指令信号完全相同,且均与待控制噪声一致,因而此时DPSC‑FxLMS的相位提取和调制模块将不会更新指令信号的相位,两种算法应得到一致的输出结果。
图8所示为指令信号与干扰信号同相时,多阶次command‑FxLMS与DPSC‑FxLMS算法仿真模型输出伪误差信号e'(n)的时域图像,此时收敛因子取值为α=0.01。由图8可知,在相同的收敛因子下,两种算法对于指令信号和干扰信号同相的情况均可实现伪误差信号的快速收敛,且收敛速度和收敛结果完全一致,均在0.3 s附近收敛至稳态,因而在下述同相仿真结果分析时对两种算法的结果不作区分。
图9为收敛后的稳态误差信号e(n)与初始干扰信号d(n)的频谱对比结果。由图9可知,在收敛完成后各阶次稳态误差信号与指令信号的期望增益幅值对应较好,在2、4、6阶的功率谱幅值分别变化了-9.5、0和+15.6 dB,符合原始干扰信号和指令信号的幅值变化关系,即算法实现了对于2阶发动机噪声的衰减,4阶发动机噪声的保留和6阶发动机噪声的增强作用。
上述仿真结果表明:本文提出的主动声音分析算法对于发动机多阶次噪声可以实现有效的幅值调制效果,且多阶次command‑FxLMS算法与多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法在相同输入参数和指令信号条件下的输出结果相同。
如第1.2节所述,当指令信号与干扰信号不是同相信号时,多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法中的相位提取和信号发生器将发挥作用,使指令信号的相位根据当前的干扰信号相位估计变化,以使算法具有最小化的输出信号能量。
为了对比指令信号与干扰信号异相时两种算法的性能,设置各阶次指令信号的初始相位θci为外部干扰信号的初始相位θdi与相位偏置量Δθ之和,以模拟指令信号与干扰信号异相的情况,即
θci=θdi+Δθ
在下述仿真中,保持指令信号期望增益与收敛因子α=0.01不变,在相位偏置量设置为0、-π6π3π rad时,对两种算法分别进行发动机多阶次噪声幅值调制仿真。图10所示为多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法在相位偏置量为Δθ=π3时的相位提取结果。由图10可知,多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法在相位偏置量Δθ=π3时能够准确地提取出各阶发动机噪声的相位信息,以此来修正指令信号的相位,使指令信号与外部干扰信号始终保持同相。
在确保两种算法的误差信号均能收敛至稳态的情况下,使用输出信号均方根值u()rms来评估算法的输出性能,仿真结果如图1112所示。
图11显示了不同相位偏置量下多阶次command‑FxLMS算法输出信号均方根值时域曲线。由图11可知,多阶次command‑FxLMS算法的输出性能会受到指令信号与干扰信号相位误差的影响,针对式(23)的3阶发动机噪声和4个不同的相位偏置量,当指令信号与干扰信号相位差达到π rad时,稳态输出信号均方根值u()rms最大,为2.02Vrms;当指令信号与干扰信号相位差为π3 rad时,输出信号均方根值最小,为0.90Vrms
图12显示了不同相位偏置量下多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法输出信号均方根值时域曲线。与图11对比可知,在保持相同收敛效果的条件下,多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法的输出性能不受指令信号与干扰信号相位误差的影响,稳态输出信号均方根始终保持在相位偏置量为0时的0.97Vrms附近。
上述仿真结果表明:多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法对于指令信号和干扰信号的相位误差具有鲁棒性,在同样的收敛效果下能够使用较小能量的输出信号对发动机多阶次噪声进行幅值调制。
为进一步体现多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法在实车应用中的可行性和优势,本文采用实车采集的外部干扰信号进行发动机阶次噪声调制仿真。图13为某混合动力试验车示意图,其发动机参数如表1所示。
在车辆静止状态,发动机处于怠速工况,转速为1410 r/min时,在车内副驾位置靠近人耳处使用MEMS麦克风测量稳态噪声,作为算法的外部干扰信号。麦克风测点位置图如图14所示,测得的怠速噪声信号时域图像如图15所示。由式(1)可计算得当前转速下车内发动机第2、4和6阶噪声频率分别为47、94和141 Hz。
由副驾车门扬声器至麦克风测点的次级通路传递函数脉冲响应及频率响应曲线如图16所示。在基于多阶次command‑FxLMS和多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法的仿真模型中,输入上述实测外部干扰信号、转速信息和次级通路传递函数,将3个阶次噪声的调制模式分别设置为衰减、中性和增强模式,衰减和增强的幅度分别为-10 dB和+10 dB,指令信号的初始相位均设置为0。两种算法模型的收敛因子均设置为0.4,仿真结果如图1718所示。
图17显示了多阶次command‑FxLMS与DPSC‑ FxLMS算法仿真得到的外部干扰信号d(n)与误差信号e(n)的A计权声压级频谱。由图17可知,两种算法均实现了多阶次噪声调制的控制目标,这也进一步验证了多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法实车应用的可行性。
图18为多阶次command‑FxLMS与DPSC‑ FxLMS算法仿真得到的输出信号均方根值时域曲线。对比两种算法收敛时的输出信号均方根值可知,多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法收敛后的输出信号均方根值仅为多阶次command‑FxLMS算法的约65%。同时由于多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法对于外部干扰信号和指令信号相位误差的鲁棒性较强,因此输出信号相较于多阶次command‑FxLMS算法更为稳定,这有助于在实车应用中降低车内音响、功放等输出设备的负载,防止输出功率超限而爆音。
为使车内多阶次噪声主动声音分析系统在相同收敛性能下具有稳定的较低输出水平,本文提出一种基于差分相位调制指令FxLMS算法的多阶次主动声音分析系统,并进行了车内多阶次噪声调制仿真研究,得到的主要结论如下:
(1)针对现有多阶次command‑FxLMS算法在主动声音分析应用中存在输出信号过高的问题,在多阶次PSC‑FxLMS算法的基础上,引入差分相位提取方法,提出了多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法,改善了在非整周期采样时相位提取的准确性。
(2)在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境中,对比指令信号和干扰信号同相及异相时多阶次command‑FxLMS算法及多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法对多阶次噪声的控制效果及输出性能。结果表明,在指令信号与干扰信号异相情况下,前者的输出性能会受到指令信号与干扰信号相位差的影响,而多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法对相位差具有鲁棒性。
(3)采用实车采集的发动机怠速噪声作为外部干扰信号,进一步进行了车内多阶次噪声调制仿真。结果表明,多阶次DPSC‑FxLMS算法相较于多阶次command‑FxLMS算法,在实测信号输入工况下也能够以约65%的输出信号水平对多阶次噪声实现相同的幅值调制效果,同时输出性能更为稳定。上述仿真结果证明所提出的算法能够实现对车内发动机阶次噪声等旋转机械多阶次噪声的幅值调制,在新能源智能座舱中具有较好的应用前景。
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202311058
  • 接收时间:2023-11-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-29
  • 修回日期:2024-03-03
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    1.浙江大学能源工程学院,浙江 杭州 310027;
    2.浙江塞特仑科技有限公司,浙江 杭州 311199

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郑旭(1983―),男,博士,副教授。E‑mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
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species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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