Article(id=1228805363416367522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704124800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-02, revisedDate=1711641600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899628738, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899628738, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899628738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899628738, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805359561802007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='6', pageStart='1133', pageEnd='1362', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899627819, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901542852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813391846896476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813391846896477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1280, endPage=1286, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805363676414390, articleId=1228805363416367522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Cage slip characteristics of planetary needle roller bearings considering localized raceway defects, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In planetary needle roller bearings, slip ratio and raceway surface quality mutually influence each other. The propogation of early localized raceway defects can significantly impact the cage slip and service performance. To address this problem, a slip dynamic model for planetary needle roller bearings is established, specifically considering localized raceway defects. This model is used to analyze the influence of localized defect size on the slip rate of the bearing. Based on the morphological characteristics of raceway localized defects, the displacement and friction coefficient of the rolling element passing through the localized defect area on the raceway surface are represented by piecewise functions. These piecewise displacement excitation and friction coefficient models are then integrated into the slip dynamic model to investigate the effects of localized defect width and depth on the cage slip. Results indicate that when localized defects occur on the inner and outer raceways, the friction coefficients at the corresponding positions significantly increase. The influence of inner and outer raceway localized defects on the cage slip varies considerably. As the localized defect width on both inner and outer raceways increases, the cage slip rises. However, the localized defect depth has little effect on the cage slip.

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行星滚针轴承中打滑率与滚道表面质量会相互影响,滚道早期局部故障的扩展会影响保持架打滑率与服役性能。针对这一问题,建立考虑滚道局部故障的行星滚针轴承打滑动力学模型,分析滚道表面局部故障尺寸对轴承打滑率的影响规律。根据滚道局部故障的形态特征,分段表示滚动体通过滚道表面局部故障过程的位移和摩擦系数,并将位移激励模型与摩擦系数的分段表征模型集成到打滑动力学模型中,研究局部故障宽度和深度对保持架打滑率的影响规律。结果表明,轴承内、外圈滚道发生局部故障时,对应位置的摩擦系数会显著增大,内、外圈滚道局部故障对保持架打滑率的影响差异较大。当内、外圈滚道局部故障宽度增大时,保持架打滑率增大,而局部故障深度对保持架打滑率的影响较小。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘静(1983—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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师志峰(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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师志峰(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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师志峰(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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考虑滚道局部故障的行星滚针轴承保持架打滑特性研究
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师志峰 1, 4 , 张刚 1 , 刘静 2, 3 , 剡昌锋 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(6): 1280-1286
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(6): 1280-1286
考虑滚道局部故障的行星滚针轴承保持架打滑特性研究
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师志峰1, 4 , 张刚1, 刘静2, 3 , 剡昌锋1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州理工大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 2.西北工业大学航海学院,陕西 西安 710072
  • 3.西北工业大学无人水下运载技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072
  • 4.重庆大学高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室,重庆 400044
  • 师志峰(1994—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘静(1983—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Cage slip characteristics of planetary needle roller bearings considering localized raceway defects
Zhifeng SHI1, 4 , Gang ZHANG1, Jing LIU2, 3 , Changfeng YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 2.School of Marine Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • 3.Key Laboratory for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.016
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行星滚针轴承中打滑率与滚道表面质量会相互影响,滚道早期局部故障的扩展会影响保持架打滑率与服役性能。针对这一问题,建立考虑滚道局部故障的行星滚针轴承打滑动力学模型,分析滚道表面局部故障尺寸对轴承打滑率的影响规律。根据滚道局部故障的形态特征,分段表示滚动体通过滚道表面局部故障过程的位移和摩擦系数,并将位移激励模型与摩擦系数的分段表征模型集成到打滑动力学模型中,研究局部故障宽度和深度对保持架打滑率的影响规律。结果表明,轴承内、外圈滚道发生局部故障时,对应位置的摩擦系数会显著增大,内、外圈滚道局部故障对保持架打滑率的影响差异较大。当内、外圈滚道局部故障宽度增大时,保持架打滑率增大,而局部故障深度对保持架打滑率的影响较小。

行星滚针轴承  /  保持架  /  局部故障  /  动力学模型  /  打滑特性

In planetary needle roller bearings, slip ratio and raceway surface quality mutually influence each other. The propogation of early localized raceway defects can significantly impact the cage slip and service performance. To address this problem, a slip dynamic model for planetary needle roller bearings is established, specifically considering localized raceway defects. This model is used to analyze the influence of localized defect size on the slip rate of the bearing. Based on the morphological characteristics of raceway localized defects, the displacement and friction coefficient of the rolling element passing through the localized defect area on the raceway surface are represented by piecewise functions. These piecewise displacement excitation and friction coefficient models are then integrated into the slip dynamic model to investigate the effects of localized defect width and depth on the cage slip. Results indicate that when localized defects occur on the inner and outer raceways, the friction coefficients at the corresponding positions significantly increase. The influence of inner and outer raceway localized defects on the cage slip varies considerably. As the localized defect width on both inner and outer raceways increases, the cage slip rises. However, the localized defect depth has little effect on the cage slip.

planet needle roller bearing  /  cage  /  localized defect  /  dynamic model  /  slip characteristics
师志峰, 张刚, 刘静, 剡昌锋. 考虑滚道局部故障的行星滚针轴承保持架打滑特性研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (6) : 1280 -1286 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.016
Zhifeng SHI, Gang ZHANG, Jing LIU, Changfeng YAN. Cage slip characteristics of planetary needle roller bearings considering localized raceway defects[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (6) : 1280 -1286 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.016
行星滚针轴承在工作时,滚针应在内、外圈滚道上做纯滚动。当驱动滚针和保持架的拖动力不足以克服阻力时,滚针与滚道之间会出现运行速度差,即打滑现象。打滑引起的滑动摩擦会导致滚针和滚道表面出现蹭痕以及表面局部磨损等现象[1-3],影响轴承组件的表面质量和运转性能[4-5]。对于行星滚针轴承,滚子在高离心加速度的作用下,容易与内圈滚道分离,无法产生拖动力而出现打滑现象。因此,当滚道表面出现磨损和剥落等局部故障时,滚子与滚道之间的载荷分布和润滑状态受到故障位置表面粗糙度的影响,引起摩擦系数的变化[6-7],加剧了保持架的打滑行为和滚道表面的磨损,严重影响了行星滚针轴承系统的服役性能。
针对滚子轴承的打滑行为,POPLAWSKI[8]建立了弹流润滑状态下的圆柱滚子轴承动力学模型,研究了滚动体与保持架的打滑行为和保持架载荷分布。金海善等[9]推导了圆柱滚子轴承拟动力学模型,采用改进的牛顿拉夫逊法求解了大规模非线性方程组,解决了大规模非线性方程组的求解难题。GUO等[10]考虑了弹流润滑和弹性变形的影响,分析了离心力、摩擦力和保持架兜孔间隙流体动力润滑影响下的保持架打滑情况。KIM[11]建立了滚子轴承简化动力学模型,研究了不同工况下轴承游隙对保持架打滑率的影响规律。丁洪福等[12]和李猛等[13]针对高速轻载圆柱滚子轴承在启停阶段的打滑问题,研究了径向游隙变化和速度变化对保持架打滑的影响规律。文献[14-15]建立了滚子轴承多自由度非线性动力学模型,提出了一种非线性牵引模型来描述保持架滑移引起的摩擦力,结果表明,轻微的保持架打滑有利于降低滚动轴承的振动能量,但会导致更多的摩擦损失。文献[16-17]建立了球轴承打滑动力学模型,考虑了保持架柔性变形的影响,并分析了加速工况下的轴承内部载荷分布特征和保持架打滑率变化规律。KLEBANOV等[18]考虑了滚子轴承水动力摩擦模型和油膜自热现象,分析了动态摩擦系数影响下的保持架打滑率。SELVARAJ等[19]针对圆柱滚子轴承运行条件参数对保持架打滑的影响规律问题,设计了试验台并测量了不同运行条件下轴承元件的转速,获得了转轴速度、径向载荷、润滑油黏度、滚动体数量和轴承运行问题等因素影响下的保持架滑滚比。HOU等[20]针对保持架打滑在当前试验条件下难以测量的问题,提出了一种基于应变探测的新型试验方法,通过同步采集载荷区外圈滚道应变和轴承元件转速,计算频率特征后获得了圆柱滚子轴承的保持架滑滚比。ZHAN等[21]基于磁场扰动下轴承运动的原理,提出了一种弱磁检测方法,研究了保持架运动和轴承振动的混合特征信息。田凯文等[22]分析了保持架在外引导和内引导方式下,滚子数量、径向游隙、保持架引导间隙和兜孔间隙对保持架打滑及运转稳定性的影响。曹伟等[23]建立了准确的圆柱滚子轴承动力学模型,研究了润滑剂的不同流变模型以及流体动压力对轴承动态特性的影响。上述工作主要研究了健康圆柱滚子轴承在定轴应用中的保持架打滑率的演变规律。然而,在行星齿轮箱中,行星滚针轴承外圈滚道驱动滚针与保持架转动,其在随行星架转动的过程中,受高离心加速度的影响,滚针与滚道在非承载区易表现出分离趋向,而内、外圈滚道在显著磨损或局部剥落工况下,其与滚针的润滑状态易受到局部故障表面高粗糙度的影响,引起轴承元件摩擦系数的增大,导致保持架打滑率显著增大。
针对行星滚针轴承高离心加速度和局部故障影响下的保持架打滑问题,根据赫兹接触理论和弹流润滑理论,建立单行星滚针轴承滚道局部故障动力学模型,考虑滚道局部故障表面摩擦系数的变化,分别计算不同局部故障尺寸影响下的保持架打滑率,获得滚道局部故障扩展过程对保持架打滑率的影响规律。同时,对不同故障位置工况下的保持架冲击载荷进行对比分析。研究结果可为准确预测行星滚针轴承保持架打滑率提供数据支撑,也可为行星滚针轴承的运行状态监测提供有益参考。
行星滚针轴承滚道局部故障示意图如图1所示。图1中,ϕ0为与x轴之间的角位移,R为滚道半径,H为深度,O'表示滚动体中心,P1为滚针落入局部故障底部并与其接触的位置,P2为滚针通过局部故障并离开故障表面的位置,滚针从进入到退出局部故障经过Ld1Ld2Ld3三段距离,对应的角度为ϕd。滚针通过故障区域的位移可采用分段函数模型和半正弦曲线模型表示[24]
H(ϕ)={Hsin[π/(ϕdϕd2)(ϕϕ0)],0ϕϕ0<ϕd1H,ϕd1ϕϕ0<ϕd1+ϕd2Hsin[π/(ϕdϕd2)(ϕϕ0ϕd2)],ϕd1+ϕd2ϕϕ0<ϕd1+ϕd2+ϕd3
式中,ϕ表示滚针的角位置;ϕd1ϕd2ϕd3分别表示滚动体通过Ld1Ld2Ld3对应的角度。
对于行星滚针轴承,其内圈滚道相对于行星架保持静止,外圈滚道随行星轮绕行星架销轴转动,因此,当局部故障分布在行星轮轴承外圈滚道上时,滚针相对于局部故障的实时角位置可表示为:
ϕ=ωotϕj+ϕ0
式中,ωo表示外圈滚道的角速度;ϕj表示滚针实际角位置。
滚针与滚道接触产生摩擦力驱动滚针转动,滚针与保持架冲击碰撞并推动保持架在周向转动,如图2所示,图中N为滚针数量。滚针在保持架兜孔中活动,其运动受保持架兜孔间隙cp的限制,因此,在转动状态下滚针与保持架发生冲击并产生弹性变形,不考虑保持架柔性变形的影响,滚针与保持架的冲击载荷可表示为[25-26]
Fcj={kcδcjδcj>00δcj0
式中,kc表示滚针与保持架之间的接触刚度;δcj表示第j个滚针与相邻保持架兜孔之间的弹性变形,其表达式为:
δcj = dm2(ϕjϕc)+xccosϕj+ycsinϕjcp
式中,ϕc表示保持架的角位置;dm表示行星滚针轴承的公称直径;xcyc分别表示保持架的径向位移在xy方向的分量。
假设滚针与保持架之间为边界润滑方式,则滚针与保持架兜孔之间的摩擦力可表示为:
fcj=μbdFcj
式中,μbd表示边界润滑系数。
在径向空间较小的轴承配置中,滚针和保持架组件常作为行星轮轴承安装在行星齿轮箱中,如图3所示。行星架销轴作为行星轮轴承的内圈滚道,行星轮轴孔作为行星轮轴承的外圈滚道,坐标系Oxy随行星架转动,行星轮转速可根据太阳轮、齿圈和行星架之间的运动关系计算获得,行星滚针轴承简化动力学模型如图3(b)所示,外圈滚道即行星轮由太阳轮与齿圈支撑,其刚度为kh;行星架销轴作为内圈滚道,其支撑刚度为ks,二者阻尼系数分别为chcs。滚针与滚道接触形式为赫兹线接触,内、外圈滚道的赫兹接触刚度分别用kiko表示,对应的阻尼系数分别为cico
因此,行星滚针轴承内、外圈滚道和滚针的动力学方程可以表示为[27]
{mix¨i+csx˙i+ksxi + Fxin + Fdxin=Fmiy¨i+csy˙i+ksyi + Fyin + Fdyin=0mox¨o+chx˙o+khxoFxoutFdxout=0moy¨o+chy˙o+khyoFyoutFdyout=0mrx¨jrci(x˙ix˙jr)+co(x˙jrx˙o)+FxoutFxinFlx=0mry¨jrci(y˙iy˙jr)+co(y˙jry˙o)+FyoutFyinFly=0Ibθ¨bj=0.5(μiFinμoFoutfcj)DIcϕ¨j=0.5dmμoFout+0.5dmμiFin0.5dm(Fcj+Fd)
式中,m表示轴承元件的质量,μ表示摩擦系数,下标“i和“o分别表示内、外圈滚道,角标“r”表示滚针;IbIc分别表示滚针自转和公转运动的转动惯量;θb表示转动角度;D表示滚针直径;F表示外部载荷; Fl表示滚针上的总离心力[27]Fd为滚动体绕流阻力[28]FinFout分别表示滚针与内、外圈滚道的接触载荷,FdinFdout分别表示滚针与内、外圈滚道之间的阻尼力,表达式分别为:
Fin/out = j=1Nkjin/out(δjin/out)n
Fdin/out = j=1Ncjin/out(δjin/out)n
式中,n表示载荷-变形系数,线接触工况下其值为1.11;kjin/outcjin/out分别表示接触刚度和阻尼;δjin/out表示滚动体与内、外圈滚道之间的接触变形,表达式分别为:
δjin(t)={(xixjr)cosϕj+(yiyjr)sinϕj(cr2+H(ϕ))ϕ0<ϕ<ϕ0+ϕd(xixjr)cosϕj+(yiyjr)sinϕj(cr2+hi)
δjout(t)={(xjrxo)cosϕj+(yjryo)sinϕj(cr2+H(ϕ))ϕ0<ϕ<ϕ0+ϕd(xjrxo)cosϕj+(yjryo)sinϕj(cr2+ho),
式中,cr表示行星滚针轴承的径向游隙;hiho表示润滑油膜厚度[29]
行星滚针轴承滚道表面摩擦系数与润滑状态密切相关,健康轴承的润滑状态为弹流润滑,而当表面出现局部故障时,故障表面的粗糙度影响润滑油膜的生成,变为边界润滑状态,滚道表面的摩擦系数可以表示为:
μi/o={μbdϕd1ϕϕ0<ϕd1+ϕd2μhd其他
式中,μbdμhd分别表示边界润滑摩擦系数[30]和弹流润滑摩擦系数[31],表达式分别为:
μhd=(A+Bs)eCs+D
μbd=(0.1+22.28s)e181.46s+0.1
式中,ABCD分别表示与润滑油温度、载荷及转速等因素相关的参数;s表示转速滑滚比,具体参考文献[8,19]。
行星滚针轴承保持架的动力学方程表达式为:
{mcx¨c=j=1N(Fcjsinϕj+fcjcosϕj)+Fcx+Fclmcy¨c=j=1N(Fcjcosϕjfcjsinϕj)+FcyIcageθ¨c=j=1N(Fcj×0.5dm) + Mc
式中,mc表示轴承保持架的质量;Icage表示保持架的转动惯量;θc表示保持架转动角度;Fcl表示保持架在径向的离心力;FcxFcyMc分别表示保持架和引导面之间在径向、切向的作用载荷及力矩[32]
以滚针与保持架组件SKF K38×46×32为研究对象,分析行星滚针轴承在高速转动状态下的保持架打滑率。取行星滚针轴承载荷为8000 N,施加在y方向,太阳轮转速为6000 r/min,齿圈固定,太阳轮、行星轮和齿圈的齿数分别为43、17和77,齿轮模数为4 mm,通过转速关系获得外圈滚道转速为7588.24 r/min,行星架半径为120 mm,行星架转速为2150 r/min。取行星架销轴质量为1.2 kg,行星轮质量为5 kg,保持架质量为0.04 kg,行星滚针轴承径向游隙为30 μm,保持架兜孔间隙为50 μm,滚针数量为22,并采用外圈滚道引导方式。另外,润滑油入口温度为25˚,动力黏度为0.033 Pa·s,温黏系数为0.0215 /˚C,导热系数为0.0953 N/(s·˚C)。行星架销轴支撑刚度为7.2 MN/m,外圈滚道及行星轮支撑刚度为17.7 MN/m,滚针与保持架接触刚度为108 N/m,求解器为4阶龙格-库塔法,求解步长为5×10−6 s,计算时长0.2 s,对保持架打滑率进行计算和分析。
对于行星轮轴承保持架,其打滑率表达式为:
Sc=(1ωcωc0)×100%
式中,ωc0表示保持架理论转动速度;ωc表示保持架实际转速。
图4所示为健康行星滚针轴承的保持架打滑率的动态曲线,健康行星滚针轴承的保持架打滑率的幅值约为5.88 %,在轴承转动过程中,保持架打滑率随时间变化。在滚道局部故障工况下,保持架打滑率幅值增大,如图4所示两种故障工况,局部故障分布在轴承内圈滚道上,深度为0.5 mm,宽度分别为1和3 mm,对应的保持架打滑率幅值出现了不同程度的波动,幅值增大至6.11 %和6.66 %。当行星滚针轴承滚道出现局部故障时,滚针与滚道在局部故障位置的相对速度发生了显著变化,且由于局部故障表面高粗糙度的影响,滚动体与滚道之间的润滑状态和摩擦系数发生显著的变化。图5所示为健康行星滚针轴承内、外圈滚道与滚针之间的摩擦系数,健康行星滚针轴承滚针与滚道之间为弹流润滑状态,内、外圈滚道间的摩擦系数在承载区(loaded zone,LZ)和非承载区(unloaded zone,ULZ)表现差异较大,这是由于承载区滚针受到内、外圈滚道摩擦力和滚针滑滚比的作用。当行星滚针轴承内、外圈滚道出现局部故障时,滚针与滚道之间的润滑状态、接触特性和内部载荷分布受到局部故障的影响,其摩擦系数发生剧烈改变。
图67分别为内、外圈滚道局部故障深度为0.5 mm、宽度为5 mm时,滚针与内、外圈滚道之间的摩擦系数。对比图5所示的健康行星滚针轴承的摩擦系数曲线,滚道局部故障诱发了摩擦系数的显著增大,由于滚针与滚道局部表面间的润滑状态为边界润滑,其摩擦系数增大至0.11,且滚针与滚道接触特性、润滑状态和轴承内部载荷分布等均会影响滚针和保持架的运动速度。
为了探究行星滚针轴承滚道局部故障尺寸对保持架打滑率的影响,取深度为0.05和0.5 mm,宽度分别为1~5 mm的局部故障,分别计算局部故障位于内、外圈滚道时的保持架转速,采用式(15)计算保持架打滑率。采用均方根值(root mean square,RMS)统计分析保持架打滑率,图8所示为不同内圈滚道局部故障尺寸工况下的保持架打滑率。结果显示,健康行星滚针轴承的保持架打滑率为4.88 %,当局部故障宽度从1 mm增大到5 mm时,保持架打滑率出现了不同程度的增大,在故障宽度为3 mm时达到最大值,为5.58 %。另外,对比两种不同滚道局部故障深度下的保持架打滑率,发现滚道局部故障深度对保持架打滑率的影响较小。结果表明,轴承内圈滚道局部故障的出现增大了保持架打滑率,且内圈滚道局部故障宽度对保持架打滑率的影响较大。
图9所示为不同外圈滚道局部故障尺寸工况下的保持架打滑率,当局部故障宽度从1 mm增大到5 mm时,保持架打滑率也出现了不同程度的增大,当故障宽度为3 mm时达到最大值,为4.97 %。另外,对比两种不同滚道局部故障深度下的保持架打滑率,发现滚道局部故障深度对保持架打滑率影响较小。结果表明,轴承外圈滚道局部故障的出现增大了保持架打滑率,且外圈滚道局部故障宽度对保持架打滑率的影响较大,而故障深度对保持架打滑率的影响较小。对比图8中内圈滚道表面局部故障尺寸对保持架打滑率的影响,结果显示,同尺寸局部故障条件下,内圈滚道局部故障对保持架打滑率的影响更大。
图10所示为行星滚针轴承在不同工况下的保持架冲击碰撞力,其分布受轴承滚道表面局部故障的影响。如图10(a)所示,健康行星滚针轴承在承载区滚针正向推动保持架转动,保持架冲击碰撞力为196.2 N,在非承载区保持架反向冲击滚针,保持架冲击碰撞力为−276.7 N。如图10(b)所示,内圈滚道存在深度为0.5 mm、宽度为5 mm的局部故障,保持架正、反冲击碰撞力分别为255和−284.4 N,并且在内圈滚道局部故障位置出现了反向冲击碰撞力,幅值较大。如图10(c)所示,外圈滚道存在深度为0.5 mm、宽度为5 mm的局部故障,保持架正、反冲击碰撞力分别为206.2和−274.4 N,保持架冲击碰撞力的分布在承载区与上述两种工况也存在明显差异。这是由于在行星轮系中,内圈滚道相对行星架静止,外圈滚道随行星轮转动,导致内、外圈滚道局部故障在滚动体通过时的作用频率不同,引起保持架冲击碰撞力的时域分布特征差异。因此,行星滚针轴承滚道表面局部故障会改变保持架冲击力的分布,且会引起保持架冲击碰撞载荷的显著增大。
对比图6710,在健康滚道工况中,滚动体与保持架冲击载荷在承载区表现为正值,在非承载区表现为负值。当局部故障位于内圈滚道承载区时,如图10(b)所示,滚动体与保持架在该位置的冲击碰撞力为负值,这表明滚动体在该位置受摩擦力的影响,其公转位移滞后,与保持架反向冲击碰撞,是引起保持架打滑率增大的主要原因。当局部故障位于外圈滚道承载区时,如图10(c)所示,滚动体与保持架在该位置的冲击碰撞力既有正值,也有负值,因此外圈滚道局部故障引起的保持架打滑率增大值小于内圈滚道局部故障引起的打滑率增大值。
行星滚针轴承在行星齿轮箱高速重载工况下,滚道表面易出现磨损或剥落等局部故障,而轴承滚道局部故障的表面质量会影响滚针与滚道、保持架之间的载荷分布,同时影响滚针与滚道之间的润滑状态,从而影响保持架打滑率。根据滚道局部故障形态特征,建立了滚道局部故障模型,并将其集成到行星滚针轴承动力学模型中,计算了不同局部故障尺寸影响下的保持架打滑率,得出如下结论:
(1)滚道表面局部故障会改变滚针与故障滚道之间的摩擦系数,从而改变滚动体和保持架的运动状态。
(2)内、外圈滚道局部故障宽度会显著增大保持架打滑率,而局部故障深度对保持架打滑率的影响较小。
(3)在内、外圈滚道表面局部故障尺寸相同的情况下,内圈滚道局部故障对保持架打滑率的影响更大。
(4)行星滚针轴承滚道表面局部故障会改变保持架冲击力的分布,且会引起保持架冲击碰撞力的显著增大。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175120)
  • 兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才资助计划
  • 甘肃省青年科技基金(24JRRA197)
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2025年第38卷第6期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.016
  • 接收时间:2024-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-02
  • 修回日期:2024-03-29
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175120)
兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才资助计划
甘肃省青年科技基金(24JRRA197)
作者信息
    1.兰州理工大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
    2.西北工业大学航海学院,陕西 西安 710072
    3.西北工业大学无人水下运载技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072
    4.重庆大学高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室,重庆 400044

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刘静(1983—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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