Article(id=1228295397421019191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295387077866291, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683648000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-10, revisedDate=1691164800000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770778043370, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770778043370, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770778043370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770778043370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228295387077866291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='222', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770778040904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770949073977, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229012751838802169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295387077866291, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229012751838802170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228295387077866291, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228295397735592007, articleId=1228295397421019191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=The application of box graph and feature fusion model in the classification of wheel set bearing label confusion data, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Deep learning methods have shown great potential in the field of fault diagnosis of train wheelset bearings, but their effective implementation is based on the correct matching between various types of data and category labels. For data with a small number of label error samples, traditional deep learning methods are difficult to achieve the expected diagnostic effect. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method combining box graph method and feature fusion model is proposed to address this issue. In this method, the outlier in each group of bearing signals is removed by box graph method, and the remaining data is expanded by the SMOTE method to restore to the original data size; Input the processed sample data into the improved feature fusion model for fault identification and classification. The experimental data of train wheel bearings was used for validation. The results showed that compared to directly using traditional neural network models for fault diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is higher, indicating that the method has better processing performance for bearing data with a small number of label error samples.

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深度学习方法在列车轮对轴承故障诊断领域表现出了巨大的潜力,但其可以有效实现的前提是各类数据与类别标签之间能够正确匹配,对于含有少量标签错误样本的数据,传统深度学习方法难以实现预期的诊断效果。针对此问题,提出了一种箱型图法与特征融合模型相结合的故障诊断方法。利用列车轮对轴承实验数据对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,相比于直接利用传统神经网络模型进行故障诊断,本文所提方法的诊断准确率更高,说明本文方法对于含有少量标签错误样本的轴承数据具有更好的处理效果。

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万书亭(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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张雄(1990—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

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articleId=1228295397421019191, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同标签错误样本占比下各诊断方法的测试准确率, figureFileSmall=ew26Ph3MxlqoNcj+yfri2A==, figureFileBig=IAzpbPkyBKR8sPY4uO5Gww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228299348690269001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228295397421019191, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Box graph parameter definition

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参数参数定义
第一四分位数Q1一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第25%的数字
中位数Q2一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第50%的数字
第三四分位数Q3一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第75%的数字
四分位距离IQRQ3-Q1
上限Q3+1.5×IQR
下限Q1-1.5×IQR
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箱型图参数定义

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参数参数定义
第一四分位数Q1一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第25%的数字
中位数Q2一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第50%的数字
第三四分位数Q3一组样本中所有数值由小到大排列后第75%的数字
四分位距离IQRQ3-Q1
上限Q3+1.5×IQR
下限Q1-1.5×IQR
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Parameter settings for convolutional neural networks

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全卷积神经网络结构参数设置
卷积层C1卷积核数16,卷积核尺寸25
批量归一化层B1
卷积层C2卷积核数32,卷积核尺寸3
批量归一化层B2
卷积层C3卷积核数64,卷积核尺寸3
批量归一化层B3
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卷积神经网络参数设置

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全卷积神经网络结构参数设置
卷积层C1卷积核数16,卷积核尺寸25
批量归一化层B1
卷积层C2卷积核数32,卷积核尺寸3
批量归一化层B2
卷积层C3卷积核数64,卷积核尺寸3
批量归一化层B3
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Parameter setting of LSTM neural network

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LSTM神经网络结构参数设置
LSTM-1神经元数16
Dropout-10.2
LSTM-2神经元数32
Dropout-20.2
LSTM-3神经元数64
Dropout-30.2
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LSTM神经网络参数设置

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LSTM神经网络结构参数设置
LSTM-1神经元数16
Dropout-10.2
LSTM-2神经元数32
Dropout-20.2
LSTM-3神经元数64
Dropout-30.2
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Data type and tag number

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数据类型标签编号
225组正常样本+25组外圈故障样本0
225组内圈故障样本+25组正常样本1
225组外圈故障样本+25组内圈故障样本2
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数据类型及标签编号

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数据类型标签编号
225组正常样本+25组外圈故障样本0
225组内圈故障样本+25组正常样本1
225组外圈故障样本+25组内圈故障样本2
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Sample scale setting

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标签设置情况标签定义为正常标签定义为内圈故障标签定义为外圈故障
8∶2200组正常样本+50组外圈故障样本200组内圈故障样本+50组正常样本200组外圈故障样本+50组内圈故障样本
7∶3175组正常样本+75组外圈故障样本175组内圈故障样本+75组正常样本175组外圈故障样本+75组内圈故障样本
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样本比例设置

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标签设置情况标签定义为正常标签定义为内圈故障标签定义为外圈故障
8∶2200组正常样本+50组外圈故障样本200组内圈故障样本+50组正常样本200组外圈故障样本+50组内圈故障样本
7∶3175组正常样本+75组外圈故障样本175组内圈故障样本+75组正常样本175组外圈故障样本+75组内圈故障样本
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箱型图与特征融合模型在轮对轴承标签混淆数据分类中的应用
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张雄 1, 2 , 李嘉禄 2 , 董帆 2 , 武文博 2 , 万书亭 1, 2 , 顾晓辉 3
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(1): 88-95
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(1): 88-95
箱型图与特征融合模型在轮对轴承标签混淆数据分类中的应用
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张雄1, 2 , 李嘉禄2, 董帆2, 武文博2, 万书亭1, 2 , 顾晓辉3
作者信息
  • 1.河北省电力机械装备健康维护与失效预防重点实验室,河北 保定 071003
  • 2.华北电力大学机械工程系,河北 保定 071003
  • 3.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043
  • 张雄(1990—),男,博士,副教授。E-mail:

通讯作者:

万书亭(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
The application of box graph and feature fusion model in the classification of wheel set bearing label confusion data
Xiong ZHANG1, 2 , Jialu LI2, Fan DONG2, Wenbo WU2, Shuting WAN1, 2 , Xiaohui GU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Key Laboratory of Electric Machinery Health Maintenance & Failure Prevention, Baoding 071003, China
  • 2.Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Mechanics Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.01.010
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深度学习方法在列车轮对轴承故障诊断领域表现出了巨大的潜力,但其可以有效实现的前提是各类数据与类别标签之间能够正确匹配,对于含有少量标签错误样本的数据,传统深度学习方法难以实现预期的诊断效果。针对此问题,提出了一种箱型图法与特征融合模型相结合的故障诊断方法。利用列车轮对轴承实验数据对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,相比于直接利用传统神经网络模型进行故障诊断,本文所提方法的诊断准确率更高,说明本文方法对于含有少量标签错误样本的轴承数据具有更好的处理效果。

故障诊断  /  轮对轴承  /  标签错误  /  特征融合  /  箱型图

Deep learning methods have shown great potential in the field of fault diagnosis of train wheelset bearings, but their effective implementation is based on the correct matching between various types of data and category labels. For data with a small number of label error samples, traditional deep learning methods are difficult to achieve the expected diagnostic effect. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method combining box graph method and feature fusion model is proposed to address this issue. In this method, the outlier in each group of bearing signals is removed by box graph method, and the remaining data is expanded by the SMOTE method to restore to the original data size; Input the processed sample data into the improved feature fusion model for fault identification and classification. The experimental data of train wheel bearings was used for validation. The results showed that compared to directly using traditional neural network models for fault diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is higher, indicating that the method has better processing performance for bearing data with a small number of label error samples.

fault diagnosis  /  wheel set bearings  /  label error  /  feature fusion  /  box graph
张雄, 李嘉禄, 董帆, 武文博, 万书亭, 顾晓辉. 箱型图与特征融合模型在轮对轴承标签混淆数据分类中的应用. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (1) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.01.010
Xiong ZHANG, Jialu LI, Fan DONG, Wenbo WU, Shuting WAN, Xiaohui GU. The application of box graph and feature fusion model in the classification of wheel set bearing label confusion data[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (1) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.01.010
轮对轴承作为列车运行的核心部件,其健康状况会对列车的运行性能和安全状况产生重要影响[1-3]。因此,对列车轮对轴承进行及时有效的故障识别与诊断具有极其重要的意义[4-5]
深度学习具有极强的自适应特征提取能力[6],在轴承数据的分析过程中有效地减少了人工干预和经验误差,被越来越多的人用于列车轴承的故障诊断。杨劼立等[7]先用最小熵解卷积方法对振动信号进行处理,然后将处理后的信号与原始振动信号组合构建二维张量图,以此作为卷积神经网络模型的输入,进行列车轴承的故障识别与诊断。邓飞跃等[8]提出了一种轻量级神经网络,通过分组卷积与深度可分离卷积提高了网络的运行效率,通过通道混洗的方法提高了网络的损失精度,相比于传统神经网络诊断效率有了极大提升。姚德臣等[9]将轴承振动信号转换为灰度图,再用卷积神经网络对得到的灰度图样本进行分析,可以有效识别城轨列车轴承故障。沈长青等[10]使用ResNet-50网络提取数据的中间层次特征,在此基础上通过构建的多尺度特征提取器提取高层次的特征,最后输入至分类器进行故障诊断,用于处理变工况下列车轴承的故障诊断问题。罗宏林等[11]将不同工况下提取的信号特征向量集通过监督式自编码器向标准工况下的信号特征做迁移,再将迁移后的信号特征输入由参考工况训练集特征预训练的卷积神经网络进行故障识别,实现了变工况下列车轴承的故障诊断。张青松等[12]将原始信号进行变分模态分解,然后计算各模态分量的参数优化Hurst指数特征值,最后将特征向量输入支持向量机中进行分析,用于高速列车轮对轴承微弱故障特征信息的识别。
以上研究皆是针对各类标签与信号类型对应完全正确的情况进行的分析,但在某些情况下,由于人为操作的失误,在对采集到的信号设置标签时会产生误差,导致一类信号的多个样本中含有部分标签错误的样本,这对于信号的特征提取会产生极大的干扰,使用传统的深度学习模型对此类数据进行识别诊断也难以达到预期的效果。列车轮对轴承数据采集相对困难,由于少量标签错误样本而再次采集新数据会浪费大量的时间和资源,因此,有必要解决信号采集过程中可能出现的标签混淆问题,削弱标签混淆对诊断模型的影响,使得该类数据具有可用性。针对此问题,本文提出了一种箱型图法与特征融合相结合的诊断方法(box graph method and feature fusion,BFF),该方法先利用箱型图法去除数据中的异常值,获得分布均匀的数据;然后用SMOTE方法对新数据进行扩充,恢复到原始数据量大小;最后将处理过后的数据输入到改进的特征融合模型中进行故障识别与诊断。利用列车轮对轴承实验数据验证了本文所提方法对于含有少量标签错误样本的数据有较好的分类效果,并与一些传统的诊断方法进行对比。
箱型图是一种用于显示一组数据分散情况的统计图,其主要原理是利用数据中的下限、第一四分位数、中位数、第三四分位数和上限五个统计量来对数据进行描述。其主要参数定义如表1所示,示意图如图1所示。箱型图可以不受异常值的影响,稳定地描绘出数据的离散分布情况,同时也有利于进行数据清洗和不同样本数据之间的比较。将箱型图中位于图形上下限之外的离群点归为数据中的异常值,本文对于原始数据的清洗方法就是清除箱型图法中的数据异常值。当不同标签的样本混淆时,由于不同故障类型的振动峰值不同,表现在数据层面就是一组混淆数据中的离群点分布散乱,在利用深度学习对数据进行特征提取时,散乱分布的离群点会导致学习到的特征出现偏差,从而影响对于数据类型的判断。本文利用箱型图法去除标签混淆数据中的离群点之后,大量原始数据得以保留,此时虽然仍有标签错误样本数据混杂在内,但其和标签正确样本数据都已被归一化到了一个标准范围之内,再无特殊的离群点可以对特征提取过程进行干扰。由于在深度学习过程中会对数据量较大的部分进行重点学习,其总结的特征“规律”也会以正确数据的特征为主,这样就可以极大程度上降低少量标签错误样本对学习过程的干扰,使一组标签混淆数据具有可用性。
SMOTE算法的主要思想是采用线性插值的方式在少数类样本和k近邻样本之间合成新的少数类样本[13-14],它在一定程度上解决了随机过采样造成的信息冗余问题[15]。本文采用的列车轴承数据为平衡数据,不存在少数类样本,为了适应SMOTE算法的原理,将整体数据作为少数类样本进行插值处理,实现对原始数据的扩充。
算法具体流程如下:
(1)对每一个样本x,以欧氏距离为标准,计算它到样本集中所有其他样本的距离,得到其k近邻。
(2)设置新数据的生成倍率N,对每一个样本x,从其k近邻中随机选择若干个样本,假设选择的近邻为xn
(3)对每一个随机选出的近邻xn,分别与原样本按照下式构建新的样本:
式中,xnew代表最终合成的一个样本;x表示输入的样本;xn表示选择x的一个近邻样本;rand(0,1)表示0和1之间的一个随机数。
卷积神经网络具有强大的特征自提取能力,同时可以通过局部权值共享的方式有效降低模型的复杂度和减小计算量。传统的CNN结构由输入层、卷积层、池化层、全连接层以及输出层组成[16-18]。输入层的作用是接收传入神经网络的信号,卷积层的作用是对输入的信号进行卷积运算从而提取重要特征[19],其卷积原理如图2所示。池化层一般用于对卷积层提取的特征进行降维[20],以减少运算量。本文实验模型去除了池化层,构建全卷积神经网络,最大程度地保留卷积层提取的特征信息。全连接层将前面一系列处理后输出的二维特征矩阵转化成一个一维向量,把特征整合到一起,大大减少特征位置对分类带来的影响。但全连接层的参数过多,会加大网络的训练难度。本文使用全局平均池化层取代全连接层,不仅可以实现全连接层的功能,还可以减少参数数量,避免过拟合[21]。输出层位于整个神经网络结构的最后,将从前面得到的特征进行分类输出。
LSTM是循环神经网络的改进模型,相对于传统的RNN网络,LSTM的记忆力更强,更有利于处理长时序信号数据[22]。其核心思想是通过遗忘不同程度的长时记忆,并加上此刻产生的短时记忆,来控制此时刻经过长短时记忆网络所产生的输出值[23]。LSTM单元的基本结构如图3所示,主要包括遗忘门、输入门、输出门和记忆细胞[24]。遗忘门用来记录长时记忆的遗忘程度,决定上一时刻的记忆细胞状态有多少保留到此刻的记忆细胞状态;输入门用来记录当前时刻的短时记忆,决定这一时刻有多少信息被保留;输出门用来作为长短时记忆网络最后的输出。
传统的并行神经网络模型只在决策层进行特征融合,难以及时获取两条支路各自提取的特征信息,也不利于训练过程的可视化展示。本文模型对此进行了改进,以全卷积神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络为并行支路,在每个卷积层和LSTM层之后都进行一次特征矩阵的相加融合,将新融合的数据作为下一次特征提取的输入。本文模型不仅可以及时获取各条支路的特征信息,还可以在融合节点处进行可视化展示,有效避免了深度学习中的黑盒子问题。本文模型去除了传统卷积神经网络中的池化层,充分利用卷积神经网络强大的特征提取能力,最大程度地保留数据的特征信息。同时利用长短期记忆神经网络提取轴承信号的时间特征,将两者进行结合,使提取到的特征更加充分。此外,本文在模型中加入了BN层和Dropout层,可以起到加快训练和收敛的速度以及防止过拟合的作用。在模型最后用全局平均池化层取代全连接层,减少模型的参数量,达到简化模型、提高运算效率的效果。具体模型参数如表23所示。
故障诊断流程如图4所示,主要分为三部分。第一部分为原始信号的选取,本文采用列车轮对轴承实验数据构建标签混淆数据集,将包含少量标签错误样本的3类数据作为模型的输入。第二部分为数据的预处理,包括箱型图法去除异常值和SMOTE法扩充数据集;将扩充后的数据进行打乱与重组,并按照8∶2的比例划分为训练集和测试集。第三部分为模型参数调整与轴承故障的识别与诊断。
本实验采用的数据来自列车轮对轴承实验,该实验平台由列车轮组、加速度传感器和轮轴轴承等组成,如图5所示。轴承内圈和外圈故障情况如图67所示。
本实验选取其中的内圈故障、外圈故障和健康状态等情况下的数据进行标签混淆数据集的构建。将每类数据分成250组,每组1024个采样点,其标签设置如表4所示。将标签为0时定义为正常数据,其中包含225组正常数据和25组外圈故障数据;将标签为1时定义为内圈故障数据,其中包含225组内圈故障数据和25组正常数据;将标签为2时定义为外圈故障数据,其中包含225组外圈数据和25组内圈故障数据。
绘制三类数据的箱型图,如图8所示。其中蓝色部分为箱型图的箱体。箱体中的虚线为数据的中位数,箱体的上下边缘分别为数据的第三四分位点和第一四分位点,箱体上下的两条红色短线分别为箱型图法定义的数据上下限。由图可知,上下限之外的所有点皆为数据中的异常值,对异常值进行删除,得到三组分布均匀的数据。将原始数据时域图与去除异常值之后数据的时域图进行对比,如图9所示(其中0,1,2分别为各组数据对应的标签编号)。由图可知,进行箱型图去除异常值处理后,各组数据的极端点都已经被删除,新数据分布较为均匀,且整体波形与原始数据一致,没有发生变化。
由于经箱型图处理后有部分数据被去除,导致数据量减少;并且各组数据的去除量不同,会导致轻微的数据不平衡现象。为了避免这种情况,对新数据进行SMOTE数据扩充处理,将合成的新数据与原数据进行对比,如图10所示。可知,在对应的同一组样本内,合成信号的波形与原始信号的波形极其相似,说明合成信号极其接近于原始信号。按照三类情况下数据各自的缺失情况,选取相应的合成样本数据,将信号补齐至原始数据量大小。这样每类情况仍旧有250组数据,每组数据包含1024个数据点。分别将250组数据分为训练组和测试组。
本文实验中采用的深度学习框架为Tensorflow,计算机配置为:Core(TM) i5-8265U CPU处理器和NVIDIA GeForce MX230显卡。
将数据输入改进的特征融合模型中进行训练,迭代200次后训练停止。本实验模型使用Adam优化器自动优化学习率,使用交叉熵损失函数作为目标函数来指导网络参数的学习。训练和测试的准确率曲线如图11所示,损失曲线如图12所示。
图1112可知,训练集的准确率曲线在迭代40次左右的时候已经完全收敛,准确率达到了100%;损失曲线随着迭代迅速下降,在40次左右完全收敛,损失无限接近于0。测试集的准确率在迭代50次左右的时候已经达到了98.67%;损失随着迭代迅速下降,在100次左右完全收敛,达到一个极小值。图13为测试集的混淆矩阵,其横坐标为预测标签,纵坐标为实际标签。由混淆矩阵可知,测试过程中在标签为0的类别上识别准确率达到了100%,在标签为1和2的类别上有些许误差,但也达到了极高的识别准确率。图14为训练时整体过程的可视化图像,由图可知,初始数据分布较为混乱,难以有效区分。随着训练的进行,相同类型的数据点逐渐聚集,不同类型的数据点逐渐分散,最终各类数据完全分开。说明训练起到了极好的分类效果,同时也证明了本文方法对于包含少量标签错误样本的轮对轴承数据具有很好的诊断效果。
为验证本文所提方法的优越性,与3种典型诊断方法进行对比。训练过程中统一设置batchsize为128,迭代次数为500。将最后的测试曲线进行可视化展示,如图1516所示。由结果可知,本文所提方法的效果最好,准确率曲线和损失曲线在各种方法中均收敛得最快,准确率达到了各种方法中最高的98.67%,损失在各种方法中最低,无限接近于0。相比之下,直接用ShuffleNetV1、GhostNet和MobileNetV2进行诊断的效果则较差,三种方法的测试准确率只能维持在87%左右,测试损失也远高于本文所提BFF方法。并且在batchsize和迭代次数相同的情况下,三种典型方法的测试曲线波动较大,难以有效的收敛,诊断效果欠佳。
为检验本文方法的泛化性,对标签错误样本个数进行调整,设置标签正确样本与标签错误样本比例为8∶2和7∶3两种情况进行分析,如表5所示。
用本文所提BFF方法对两种情况下的数据进行分析,结果如图17所示。可知,随着同组中标签错误样本比例的增加,使用BFF方法诊断所得的测试准确率会有一定的下降,但即使标签错误样本占比达到30%时,使用本文方法进行诊断的测试准确率仍旧可以达到92%。与ShuffleNetV1、GhostNet和MobileNetV2方法相比,本文所提方法在两种情况下得到的测试准确率都具有极大优势,说明其在数据集中标签错误样本数量占比较高的情况下也有很好的诊断效果。
为解决训练样本中含有少量标签错误样本导致列车轴承诊断难度增大的问题,本文提出了一种BFF方法。该方法主要有以下优点:
(1)使用箱型图法去除数据中的异常值,对数据进行清洗,获得分布较为均匀的数据,更有利于数据特征的提取。
(2)使用SMOTE方法对清洗后的数据进行扩充,避免因数据量减少而导致诊断结果不准确的情况以及各组训练数据数量不平衡问题的发生。
(3)使用改进的特征融合模型进行故障识别与诊断,既能及时获取融合后的信息,又可以进行全过程可视化展示,有效避免了深度学习的黑盒子问题。
(4)分别用BN层和Dropout层对神经网络模型进行优化,加快了训练和收敛的速度,增强了模型的稳定性。
(5)用全局平均池化层代替全连接层,有效减少了模型的参数数量,提升了运算速度。使用BFF方法对含有少量标签错误样本的列车轮对轴承数据进行故障识别与诊断,取得了极佳的效果,证明了本文所提方法的有效性和优越性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105098)
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021502038)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.01.010
  • 接收时间:2023-05-10
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10
  • 修回日期:2023-08-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105098)
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021502038)
作者信息
    1.河北省电力机械装备健康维护与失效预防重点实验室,河北 保定 071003
    2.华北电力大学机械工程系,河北 保定 071003
    3.石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043

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万书亭(1970—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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