Article(id=1227591814467748465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310066, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698508800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-29, revisedDate=1705766400000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610296121, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610296121, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610296121, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610296121, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591806980915649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='9', pageStart='1935', pageEnd='2204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610294337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610356968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2072, endPage=2079, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591816451654303, articleId=1227591814467748465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Vibrational feature calculation on an equivalent finite element model of corrugated sandwich plates and experiment validation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When the finite element method is employed to calculate the mechanical behaviors of a corrugated sandwich panel structure, the numerical model occupies a large amount of computational resources, which usually causes the problem of long-time solution. In order to reduce the scale of the finite element model and to quickly perform the dynamic analysis of such type structures, in this paper the middle corrugated sandwich layer is simplified into a homogeneous orthotropic plate. Then, based on the third-order shear deformation theory, the equivalent stiffness matrix of the corresponding laminated plate element is formulated from adequate performance analyses of the corrugated sandwich plate. Afterwards, the natural frequencies of two corrugated sandwich plate structures in typical boundary status are obtained respectively through the test and numerical calculation. By comparing with the experimental results, the effectiveness of the equivalent finite element model is verified. It turns out that the obtained results are much better than those based on the first-order shear deformation model. Moreover, the method proposed in this work can be utilized efficiently for modal parameter computations of the corrugated sandwich plates with the high accuracy.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingyao WANG, Dong WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1227591821635814396, articleId=1227591814467748465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=CN, title=波纹夹芯板等效有限元建模及其振动特征参数计算与试验验证, columnId=0, journalTitle=振动工程学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

使用有限元方法计算波纹夹芯板结构的力学行为时,因数值模型占用的计算资源太大,会引起求解时间过长等问题。为了减少该类结构有限元模型的规模,快速有效地对其开展动力分析与计算,本文将中间波纹夹芯层简化成均质的正交各向异性板,基于三阶剪切变形理论对层合板剪切性能进行分析,确定波纹夹芯板单元的等效刚度阵;基于等效有限元模型计算在两种典型边界条件下波纹夹芯板结构的固有频率和振型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证该等效模型的有效性,且计算结果明显优于基于一阶剪切变形理论的结果。表明本文提出的方法不仅可简化波纹夹芯板结构动态特征参数的计算,且具有较高的计算精确性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王栋(1962—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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王竟尧(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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王竟尧(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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王竟尧(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis: Solids and Structures[M].Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227653069719142963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, awardId=51975470, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975470), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227653063587070090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227653063603847307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, companyId=1227653063587070090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Aeronautics, University of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227653063616430222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, companyId=1227653063587070090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227653063738065047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227653063750647960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, companyId=1227653063738065047, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi’an 710072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227653063759036569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, companyId=1227653063738065047, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227653067391304041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Corrugated sandwich plate and corresponding CARTESIAN coordinate system, figureFileSmall=mW6T3L4/SClbx1Pu/VJ94g==, figureFileBig=DRto2Cr/qCro0yvUIlF4TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653067508744566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=图1, caption=波纹夹芯板及参考坐标系, figureFileSmall=mW6T3L4/SClbx1Pu/VJ94g==, figureFileBig=DRto2Cr/qCro0yvUIlF4TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653067701682566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Pure shear deformation and virtual forces in the x-z plane of a semi-corrugated-core model, figureFileSmall=+HaiF6hTfJqwPXAfEroN+w==, figureFileBig=IYv2ypAQy39NC6R7bhGfFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653067827511698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=图2, caption=半波纹芯模型在x-z平面内纯剪变形及施加的虚拟力, figureFileSmall=+HaiF6hTfJqwPXAfEroN+w==, figureFileBig=IYv2ypAQy39NC6R7bhGfFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653067911397790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The deformation of a complete corrugated core under the force Fx, figureFileSmall=UBihsBF184Ff6izMBK64Rg==, figureFileBig=iImTh5o35y4P+h//q9uNLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653068041421225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=图3, caption=一个完整波纹芯胞元受Fx作用的变形状况, figureFileSmall=UBihsBF184Ff6izMBK64Rg==, figureFileBig=iImTh5o35y4P+h//q9uNLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653068142084530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Installation diagram of the free boundaries experiment model, figureFileSmall=yhhqmwx+7SHaGRWciXd6AQ==, figureFileBig=th/x9qNNB0jXGzGeV0zgTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653068272107963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=图4, caption=自由边界试验模型安装示意图, figureFileSmall=yhhqmwx+7SHaGRWciXd6AQ==, figureFileBig=th/x9qNNB0jXGzGeV0zgTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227653068423102923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Material properties and dimensions for tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料参数波纹周期2c/mm波纹高度2h/mm面板厚度/mm波纹芯厚度 tc/mm弹性模量E/GPa密度ρ/(kg·m‒3)泊松比μ
厚板14.289.51.00.371.02800.00.33
薄板8.54.0
), ArticleFig(id=1227653068511183317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

波纹夹芯板基本材料属性与厚度尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料参数波纹周期2c/mm波纹高度2h/mm面板厚度/mm波纹芯厚度 tc/mm弹性模量E/GPa密度ρ/(kg·m‒3)泊松比μ
厚板14.289.51.00.371.02800.00.33
薄板8.54.0
), ArticleFig(id=1227653068603458016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of the first five natural frequencies of a corrugated sandwich plate with free boundary conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶次薄(夹芯)板厚(夹芯)板
试验三阶剪切模型一阶剪切模型试验三阶剪切模型一阶剪切模型
频率/Hz频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%
194.08100.677.004.31101.417.796.63186.79192.853.241.97197.385.665.03
2145.14139.79‒3.68153.785.95293.83294.520.23302.252.86
3183.84174.48‒5.08192.764.85371.75371.58‒0.04380.272.29
4243.89248.952.07262.717.71456.06468.912.81490.827.62
5249.81251.240.57265.796.39481.37485.990.95504.384.77
), ArticleFig(id=1227653068716704230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

自由边界状态下波纹夹芯结构前5阶固有频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶次薄(夹芯)板厚(夹芯)板
试验三阶剪切模型一阶剪切模型试验三阶剪切模型一阶剪切模型
频率/Hz频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%频率/Hz误差/%均方根误差/%
194.08100.677.004.31101.417.796.63186.79192.853.241.97197.385.665.03
2145.14139.79‒3.68153.785.95293.83294.520.23302.252.86
3183.84174.48‒5.08192.764.85371.75371.58‒0.04380.272.29
4243.89248.952.07262.717.71456.06468.912.81490.827.62
5249.81251.240.57265.796.39481.37485.990.95504.384.77
), ArticleFig(id=1227653068834144750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591814467748465, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of the first five modes between the experiment and numerical results based on the third-order shear deformation plate model

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266.7770.485.5673.239.68120.06129.017.45136.9014.03
3175.47173.49‒1.12195.9511.67301.53291.51‒3.32345.1314.46
4207.44204.59‒1.37228.510.15399.52374.73‒6.20426.636.78
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波纹夹芯结构沿波纹母线方向单边固支状态下前5阶固有频率对比

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274.1477.514.5480.298.29140.87151.187.32158.2412.33
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波纹夹芯板等效有限元建模及其振动特征参数计算与试验验证
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王竟尧 1 , 王栋 1, 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(9): 2072-2079
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(9): 2072-2079
波纹夹芯板等效有限元建模及其振动特征参数计算与试验验证
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王竟尧1 , 王栋1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072
  • 2.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072
  • 王竟尧(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王栋(1962—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Vibrational feature calculation on an equivalent finite element model of corrugated sandwich plates and experiment validation
Jingyao WANG1 , Dong WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Aeronautics, University of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi’an 710072, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310066
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使用有限元方法计算波纹夹芯板结构的力学行为时,因数值模型占用的计算资源太大,会引起求解时间过长等问题。为了减少该类结构有限元模型的规模,快速有效地对其开展动力分析与计算,本文将中间波纹夹芯层简化成均质的正交各向异性板,基于三阶剪切变形理论对层合板剪切性能进行分析,确定波纹夹芯板单元的等效刚度阵;基于等效有限元模型计算在两种典型边界条件下波纹夹芯板结构的固有频率和振型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证该等效模型的有效性,且计算结果明显优于基于一阶剪切变形理论的结果。表明本文提出的方法不仅可简化波纹夹芯板结构动态特征参数的计算,且具有较高的计算精确性。

波纹夹芯板  /  各向异性板  /  等效有限元模型  /  三阶剪切变形理论  /  固有频率

When the finite element method is employed to calculate the mechanical behaviors of a corrugated sandwich panel structure, the numerical model occupies a large amount of computational resources, which usually causes the problem of long-time solution. In order to reduce the scale of the finite element model and to quickly perform the dynamic analysis of such type structures, in this paper the middle corrugated sandwich layer is simplified into a homogeneous orthotropic plate. Then, based on the third-order shear deformation theory, the equivalent stiffness matrix of the corresponding laminated plate element is formulated from adequate performance analyses of the corrugated sandwich plate. Afterwards, the natural frequencies of two corrugated sandwich plate structures in typical boundary status are obtained respectively through the test and numerical calculation. By comparing with the experimental results, the effectiveness of the equivalent finite element model is verified. It turns out that the obtained results are much better than those based on the first-order shear deformation model. Moreover, the method proposed in this work can be utilized efficiently for modal parameter computations of the corrugated sandwich plates with the high accuracy.

corrugated sandwich plate  /  orthotropic plate  /  equivalent finite element model  /  third-order shear deformation theory  /  natural frequency
王竟尧, 王栋. 波纹夹芯板等效有限元建模及其振动特征参数计算与试验验证. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2072 -2079 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310066
Jingyao WANG, Dong WANG. Vibrational feature calculation on an equivalent finite element model of corrugated sandwich plates and experiment validation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2072 -2079 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310066
典型的夹芯板结构是由面板和介于面板间的夹芯层组成的,面板与夹芯层通过焊接或者粘结的方式连接为一个整体,共同抵抗外载荷的作用[1]。面板具有抗弯扭能力,而较厚的中间夹芯层具有抗剪能力,且能够提高整体结构的稳定性和刚度[2],因此该结构广泛应用于实际工程中。现阶段,国内外对于蜂窝夹芯板结构[3-4]和泡沫夹芯板结构[5]的力学性能研究已趋于成熟。学者们利用有限元法、实验方法以及理论模型对金属材料和复合材料等各种夹芯板结构进行了深入分析,对弯曲载荷[1,6]、准静态和动态冲击载荷[7-10]等引起的结构变形进行了大量研究。
波纹夹芯板因其芯层可设计性强且形式多样等优点,被广泛应用于航空、船舶和土木等工程领域[2]。对于夹芯板结构的力学性能分析也有许多研究[11]。由于波纹芯层材料具有离散分布的特点,因此直接采用全有限元模型对其进行力学分析时,将导致建模过程繁杂,占用计算资源大,计算效率低等问题。针对以上问题,采用等效简化的有限元模型开展波纹板结构的宏观力学性能分析已受到人们的普遍关注。BARTOLOZZI等[12]基于能量法确定了具有正弦曲线波纹芯的金属夹芯板横向和纵向等效的材料性能参数。NHAN等[13]将基于一阶剪切变形理论构造的板单元与几种典型的波纹板均匀化模型相结合,用于梯形和正弦波纹板的静态分析。CHEON等[14]用经典层合板理论得到波纹夹层板的等效模型,并使用正弦和梯形波纹芯夹层板的数值模拟结果验证了所提等效模型的准确性。王小明等[15]利用高阶剪切变形理论推导了波纹夹芯板等效模型的弯曲变形微分方程。李震等[16]利用微分求积法建立了五自由度波纹夹芯板结构的动力学有限元分析模型,并验证了该模型的准确性。李凤莲等[17]推导了波纹夹芯板的动力学方程和声振耦合控制方程,并分析了波纹芯层结构参数对振动和隔声性能的影响。
当前国内外学者在波纹夹芯板理论分析模型方面进行的大量研究工作,主要集中在等效均质模型的力学参数推导,基于一阶剪切变形理论对波纹夹层结构的弯曲、冲击响应进行分析以及传声性能计算等方面,并通过有限元法验证这些力学等效参数的准确性[12]。本文将波纹夹层简化成正交各向异性板,基于三阶剪切变形理论,建立结构的有限元模型,给出波纹夹芯板基本单元的等效刚度阵,进而计算波纹夹芯板结构的固有频率和振型。通过对不同厚度波纹夹芯板结构固有频率的计算与试验测试结果对比,验证该等效模型的有效性。并与基于一阶剪切变形模型的模态参数计算结果进行对比,验证横向剪切变形对结构固有频率的影响,为波纹夹芯板结构的工程应用奠定可靠的理论基础。
本文按照文献[12]提出的方法,基于变形等效的原则,将波纹夹芯板中间有空隙的芯层等效为连续的正交各向异性板,而不考虑应力与应变的微观特性。即在相同外力作用下,令波纹夹芯层的位移和等效模型的位移相等,从而得到波纹夹芯层的等效弹性参数。
图1为波纹夹芯板,直角坐标系的XOY平面位于板的中面。假设波纹形状是正弦曲线,波纹周期为2c,高度为2h,波纹材料厚度为tc。先将波纹曲线分成两部分,并分别进行处理,然后将它们的贡献结合在一起,得到一个基本胞元的综合等效弹性性能[12]。假设夹芯材料的弹性模量为E,剪切模量为G,泊松比为μ。在等效弹性模量推导过程中,波纹芯层沿Y方向长度假定为单位长度b=1。
这里仅以等效剪切模量Gzx为例,简单介绍等效弹性模量的推导过程。为此,须先得到由单位水平力Fx=1引起的上端水平位移δFx。取波纹曲线的半个周期进行分析,如图2所示,坐标系原点位于波纹最低点。为使结构处于纯剪状态,在波纹最高点同时施加虚拟弯矩M0和竖向集中力Fz,方向如图2所示。
图2x-z平面中,正弦形状的波纹芯中心线为:
f(x)=h+hsinπc(xc2)=hhcosπxc
此时,波纹芯任意截面上的弯矩、轴力和剪力可分别表示为:
{M(x)=Fx[2hf(x)]Fz(cx)+M0N(x)=FxcosθFzsinθT(x)=Fxsinθ+Fzcosθ
根据卡氏第二定理[12],芯层最高点x方向的位移δFxz方向位移δFz和转角δM0分别为:
δFx=0c(MEIMFx+NEANFx+TκGATFx)dxcosθ
δFz=0c(MEIMFz+NEANFz+TκGATFz)dxcosθ
δM0=0c(MEIMM0+NEANM0+TκGATM0)dxcosθ
式中,EIEAκGA分别为抗弯、抗拉和抗剪刚度;κ为剪切修正系数,本文取κ=5/6。
将式(2)代入式(3)~(5),由于结构应处于纯剪状态,最高点的转角δM0和竖直位移δFz需为0。经简单推导,可得:
δFx=1EA|a11a12a13a21a22a23a31a32a33||a22a23a32a33|
其中:
a11=0c[12t2(h+hcosπ xc)2+cos2θ+2(1+μ)κsin2θ]dxcosθa12=a21=0c[12t2(h+hcosπ xc)(cx)sinθcosθ+2(1+μ)κsinθcosθ]dxcosθa13=a31=0c12t2(h+hcosπ xc)dxcosθa22=0c[12t2(xc)2+sin2θ+2(1+μ)κcos2θ]dxcosθa23=a32=0c12t2(xc)dxcosθa33=0c12t2dxcosθ
在一个胞元内,单位载荷Fx实际是由左右两部分的半波纹芯共同承担的,如图3所示。由于这两部分是对称的,因此在自由边的真实水平位移δx仅为半波纹位移δFx的一半,即:
δx=12δFx
根据剪切模量的定义,波纹芯的等效剪切模量Gzx为:
Gzx=τzxγzx=FxAxyδxlz=Fx2cbδx2h=2hcδFx
式中,Axy为等效单元的面积;lz代表z方向的长度。其他等效剪切和拉伸弹性模量的推导过程与Gzx的推导过程类似,这里不再赘述。此外,等效模型的泊松比μyx和材料密度ρeq的分析推导过程,可参考文献[12, 18]。
为了构造波纹夹芯板等效有限元模型,首先需确定夹芯板结构的截面横向剪切变形。为此,国内外学者已经提出了多种变形理论。对于工程结构中大量使用的中厚板或厚板,MINDLIN提出了考虑剪切变形的一阶剪切变形理论[19]。在此基础上,REDDY[20]进一步提出了三阶剪切变形理论,即假设变形前垂直于平板中面的直线,变形后为三阶曲线。与实际变形情况相比,三阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映中厚板、复合材料层合板[21]等截面的剪切变形和剪应力沿厚度方向的分布情况。本文将采用三阶剪切变形理论描述波纹夹芯板的变形。
根据三阶横向剪切变形理论[20],板内任意点的位移为:
u(X,Y,Z)=u0(X,Y)+ZθY(X,Y)4Z33H2(θY+w0X)v(X,Y,Z)=v0(X,Y)ZθX(X,Y)4Z33H2(θX+w0Y)w(X,Y,Z)=w0(X,Y)
式中,θX为板中面法线绕X轴的转角;θY为板中面法线绕Y轴的转角;H为整个板的厚度。若不考虑uv表达式中的第三项,则三阶横向剪切变形退化为一阶剪切变形模型。
对于正交各向异性板,根据材料的物理方程,板内各点的应力-应变关系为:
{σXσYτXY}(i)=[Q11Q120Q21Q22000Q66](i){εXεYγXY}
{τYZτXZ}(i)=[Q4400Q55](i){γYZγXZ}
式中,i = 1, 2, 3分别代表波纹夹芯板的上面板、波纹芯层等效板和下面板。各弹性系数分别为:
Q11(i)=EX1μXYμYXQ12(i)=Q21(i)=EYμXY1μXYμYX,Q22(i)=EY1μXYμYXQ44(i)=GYZQ55(i)=GXZ,Q66(i)=GXY
以上本构方程的矩阵形式为:
{στ}(i)=[Qm00Qs](i){εγ}
此外,根据应变与位移之间的几何关系,由式(10)可得各应变分量为:
ε={εXεYγXY}={εX(0)εY(0)γXY(0)}+Z{εX(1)εY(1)γXY(1)}+Z3{εX(3)εY(3)γXY(3)}
γ={γYZγXZ}={γYZ(0)γXZ(0)}+Z2{γYZ(2)γXZ(2)}
其中,各阶应变分量为:
ε(0)={εX(0)εY(0)γXY(0)}={u0Xν0Yu0Y+ν0X}
ε(1)={εX(1)εY(1)γXY(1)}={θYXθXYθYYθXX}
ε(3)={εX(3)εY(3)γXY(3)}=43h2{θYX+2w0X2θXY+2w0Y2θYYθXX+22w0XY}
γ(0)={γYZ(0)γXZ(0)}={θX+w0YθY+w0X}
γ(2)={γYZ(2)γXZ(2)}=4h2{θX+w0YθY+w0X}
由于本文研究的波纹夹芯板由上、下面板和波纹芯层三部分组成,等效模型的应变能也由这三部分组成,其表达式为:
U=i=13U(i)=12i=13V(i)(σ(i))TεdV(i)=12i=13V(i)[(σ(i))Tε(0)+Z(σ(i))Tε(1)+Z3(σ(i))Tε(3)+(τ(i))Tγ(0)+Z2(τ(i))Tγ(2)]dV(i)
式(18)中的体积分可进一步改写为:
i=13V(i)dV(i)=Ω(i=13ZiZi+1dZ)dΩ
式中,Ω代表单元的面积。将式(19)代入式(18),可得等效模型的应变能表达式。
本文使用平面四节点的矩形等参板弯曲单元,每个节点共有5个相互独立的自由度:ujvjwjθXjθYj。对板内各点位移分别进行插值[22],得:
u=j=14Nj(ξ,η)uj,v=j=14Nj(ξ,η)vj,w=j=14Nj(ξ,η)wj,θX=j=14Nj(ξ,η)θXj,θY=j=14Nj(ξ,η)θYj,j=1,2,3,4
式中,Nj为单元的形函数,其表达式为:
Nj=14(1+ξjξ)(1+ηjη)
式(21a)中的无量纲坐标分别为:
{ξ=Xa[1,1],ξj=Xjaη=Yb[1,1],ηj=Yjb
式中,ɑ、b为矩形板单元长度的一半。
将位移表达式(20)代入式(17),可得如下形式的应变-位移关系式:
εj(0)=Bj(0)edje,εj(1)=Bj(1)edje,εj(3)=Bj(3)edje,γj(0)=Bsj(0)edje,γj(2)=Bsj(2)edje
其中:
dje=[ujvjwjθXjθYj]T
Bj(0)e=[NjX00000NjY000NjYNjX000]
Bj(1)e=[0000NjX000NjY0000NjXNjY]
Bj(3)e=43h2[002NjX20NjX002NjY2NjY00022NjXYNjXNjY]
Bsj(0)e=[00NjYNj000NjX0Nj]
Bsj(2)e=4h2[00NjYNj000NjX0Nj]
将式(22)代入式(18),根据最小总势能原理,可得基于中间芯层等效模型的波纹夹芯板的弯曲单元刚度阵ke
根据有限元基本理论,单元的质量阵可通过动能表达式来推导,即:
Eke=12Veρeq[(u˙+Zθ˙Y)2+(v˙Zθ˙X)2+w˙2]dVe=12Ωe[I0(u˙2+v˙2+w˙2)+2I1(u˙θ˙Yv˙θ˙X)+I2(θ˙X2+θ˙Y2)]dΩe
其中:
Ik=i=13ZiZi+1ρeqZkdZk=012
于是,由式(25)可得波纹夹芯板的等效单元质量阵为:
me=ΩeNTImNdΩe
其中:
Im=[I0000I10I00I1000I0000I10I20I1000I2]
对于波纹夹芯板结构的无阻尼自由振动,经过有限元离散化后,其特征方程为:
(Kωi2M)ϕi=0i=1,2,,n
式中,KM分别为结构的总体刚度和质量阵,分别由单元的刚度阵ke和质量阵me组装而成;n为所求总的模态阶次;ωi表示结构第i阶固有圆频率,fi= ωi2π称为系统的第i阶固有频率,单位为Hz,相应的振型为ϕi。求解该特征方程,即可得到波纹夹芯板的固有频率和振型。下节将通过模态实验与计算结果对比分析,验证所推导的波纹夹芯板等效有限元模型的正确性。
振动试验采用两组中间芯层规格不同的波纹夹芯板结构。为了便于区分,将这两种不同厚度的波纹夹芯板称为厚(夹芯)板和薄(夹芯)板。波纹夹芯板来自德国Metawell公司500 mm×500 mm的全铝合金材质板,其基本材料属性及波纹尺寸如表1所示。
本次振动模态试验分别在悬臂和自由两种典型边界条件下进行。其中,悬臂状态将50 mm宽板边夹持,分别沿波纹母线和波纹方向来模拟,实际结构尺寸为450 mm×500 mm。而自由状态将波纹夹芯板用一个细软的橡皮绳悬吊在空中来模拟。此时结构虽有一些刚体模态,但其固有频率基本为0,远低于波纹夹芯板的弹性模态的固有频率。在板上不同位置分别安装3个加速度传感器,其安装位置如图4中的红框所示。利用逐点敲击方法,使用LMS模态分析软件获取结构的固有频率和振型,并与等效模型计算结果进行对比,以验证简化模型计算结果的准确性。
根据有限元模型收敛性分析结果,将波纹夹芯板划分成10 mm×10 mm网格。利用MATLAB软件编程,可获得波纹夹芯板结构的固有频率和振型。表2列出了由试验和计算得到的波纹夹芯板结构在自由边界条件下前5阶的固有频率。作为对比,表中也同时列出了基于一阶剪切变形理论计算得到的结果。
为从总体上考察两种简化等效模型计算结果与试验结果的准确性,按下式可计算两种模型的均方根误差(root-mean-square error,RMSE):
Se=1ni=1neri2
式中,eri为第i阶频率的相对误差;n为所求总的模态阶次(n=5)。
表2可知,与试验结果相比,基于三阶剪切变形的等效模型计算所得波纹夹芯板结构前5阶固有频率的均方根误差,明显小于基于一阶剪切变形等效模型的误差。证明了基于三阶剪切变形等效模型计算波纹夹芯板结构固有频率时,比一阶等效模型具有更高的精度。
对比表2列出的固有频率均方根误差可知,在自由状态下,横向剪切变形模型对相对较薄的波纹夹芯板结构的频率计算结果影响较小,两种模型的均方根误差仅相差1.54(=6.63/4.31)倍。但是对于相对较厚的波纹夹芯板,两种模型的均方根误差相差达到了2.55(=5.03/1.97)倍。这是因为波纹夹芯层宏观等效以后,简化模型的等效弹性参数较弱,导致剪切变形较大,横向剪切变形模型对厚(夹芯)板结构的计算结果影响较强。
表3对比了试验与基于三阶剪切变形等效模型得到的波纹夹芯薄板结构在自由状态下的前5阶固有振型以及模态置信准则(modal assurance criterion,MAC)值。可以看到试验与数值计算得到的结构变形基本类似。可按下式计算MAC值:
MACij=(ϕiTϕj)2(ϕiTϕi)(ϕjTϕj)
式中,ϕi表示由等效模型计算所得振型列向量;ϕj表示试验测试所得振型列向量。
表4表5列出了由试验与计算得到的波纹夹芯板结构分别沿波纹母线和波纹方向单边固支下的前5阶固有频率。作为对比,表中也同时列出了基于一阶剪切变形理论计算得到的结果。
表4表5所得结果可知,基于三阶剪切变形的等效模型计算得到的前五阶固有频率的均方根误差,同样小于基于一阶剪切变形的等效模型的均方根误差。这再次说明了三阶等效模型在计算固支状态下波纹夹芯板的固有频率时较一阶等效模型精度更高。
本文将波纹夹芯等效成正交各向异性板,基于三阶剪切变形理论构造了波纹夹芯板弯曲有限单元模型,并推导了相应参数的计算公式。对两种芯层厚度的波纹夹芯板结构分别进行了单边固支和自由边界状态下的振动模态试验,且分别基于三阶和一阶剪切变形等效板模型,用有限元方法计算了波纹夹芯板结构的前5阶固有频率和振型。与试验结果对比发现,使用三阶剪切变形等效模型比一阶剪切变形等效模型得到的结果具有更高的准确性和精度,验证了本文提出的波纹夹芯板等效有限元模型的正确性和有效性。采用三阶横向剪切变形理论研究较厚芯层波纹夹板的自由振动时,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明本文构造的波纹夹芯板弯曲有限单元模型可有效应用于此类结构的振动分析和计算。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975470)
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2025年第38卷第9期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202310066
  • 接收时间:2023-10-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-29
  • 修回日期:2024-01-21
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975470)
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    1.西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072
    2.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072

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王栋(1962—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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