Article(id=1227591812483838615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309055, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694966400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-18, revisedDate=1703692800000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610295648, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610295648, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610295648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610295648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591806980915649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='9', pageStart='1935', pageEnd='2204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610294337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610356968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2080, endPage=2087, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591812718719648, articleId=1227591812483838615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Higher order extra trial weight-free balancing method for flexible rotors with initial bending, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

It is often difficult to suppress vibration of flexible rotors at high-order critical speeds through conventional low-speed balancing, especially in the case of the rotor with initial bending. In this paper, a low-speed dynamic balancing method for flexible rotors with initial bending is presented first. Combining the modal information of the rotor with the measurement data at speeds below the critical speeds, the low-speed dynamic balancing method is able to balancing the critical speeds without directly measuring the vibrations at the critical speeds and the initial bending of the rotor. Based on this, a mode-by-mode forward higher-order-extra-trial-weight-free method is proposed for balancing the higher modes simultaneously. In the proposed method, the lower-mode balancing weights on different balancing planes are used as trial weights and linked by the modal ratios of the measuring points. This avoids the potential severe vibration when pass through the critical speeds if any additional trial weights are used for balancing the higher-order modes. The proposed method is validated by numerical simulation and experimental tests respectively. The results show that the proposed method is better than the traditional influence coefficient method in balancing performance. In addition, it also avoids potentially high resonant vibration response, thus providing a safer approach for the high order dynamic balancing of flexible rotors.

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在常规的低速平衡后,往往很难抑制柔性转子在高阶临界转速处的振动,尤其是存在初始弯曲的情况。本文介绍了一种针对初始弯曲柔性转子的低速动平衡方法,在不直接测量转子初始弯曲的情况下,结合转子的模态信息与低于临界转速下的测量与平衡数据,来估计抑制临界转速振动(包括初始弯曲和不平衡引起的)所需的不平衡校准量;在此基础上,针对高阶模态的平衡,提出了一种逐阶向前平衡的高阶无附加试重法,即利用不同平衡面上的低阶平衡配重作为试重,并结合测点模态比建立联系,从而避免了平衡高阶模态时因附加试重而破坏低阶临界转速的平衡。通过数值仿真和试验对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明,相比于传统的影响系数法,所提方法在所关心的转速域内有更好的振动抑制效果,且在保证平衡效果的同时避免了平衡测试过程中出现显著共振,提高了测量的安全性,从而为柔性转子的动平衡提供一种思路。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
邓旺群(1967—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nKftSJMk/aoHJfmhX+eVZQ==, magXml=F4C0zQr5eoC6zs/WPOb35g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2F10f9bg3qLXRmFJ8URNeA==, pdfFileSize=2324572, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EDfjVs+uVttSWbcN0qZZfA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6TeQ+ar6K8M9SkHc2NgJEA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邓振鸿(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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邓振鸿(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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邓振鸿(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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The initial unbalances of the rotor (simulation)

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位置幅值/(g·mm)相位/(°)
圆盘17240
圆盘23065
圆盘345195
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转子的初始不平衡量(模拟)

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The first two natural frequencies and damping ratios of the rotor model

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转子模型的前2阶固有频率与阻尼比

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The first two natural frequencies and damping ratios of the experimental rotor model

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试验转子的前2阶固有频率与阻尼比

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带初始弯曲柔性转子的高阶无附加试重平衡法
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邓振鸿 1 , 罗华耿 1 , 邓旺群 2, 3 , 聂卫健 4 , 林海东 1 , 张保强 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(9): 2080-2087
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(9): 2080-2087
带初始弯曲柔性转子的高阶无附加试重平衡法
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邓振鸿1 , 罗华耿1, 邓旺群2, 3 , 聂卫健4, 林海东1, 张保强1
作者信息
  • 1.厦门大学航空航天学院,福建 厦门 361102
  • 2.中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,湖南 株洲 412002
  • 3.中国航空发动机集团航空发动机振动技术重点实验室,湖南 株洲 412002
  • 4.北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京 100191
  • 邓振鸿(1995—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

邓旺群(1967—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
Higher order extra trial weight-free balancing method for flexible rotors with initial bending
Zhenhong DENG1 , Huageng LUO1, Wangqun DENG2, 3 , Weijian NIE4, Haidong LIN1, Baoqiang ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
  • 2.AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute, Zhuzhou 412002, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Aero-engine Vibration Technology, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Zhuzhou 412002, China
  • 4.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309055
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在常规的低速平衡后,往往很难抑制柔性转子在高阶临界转速处的振动,尤其是存在初始弯曲的情况。本文介绍了一种针对初始弯曲柔性转子的低速动平衡方法,在不直接测量转子初始弯曲的情况下,结合转子的模态信息与低于临界转速下的测量与平衡数据,来估计抑制临界转速振动(包括初始弯曲和不平衡引起的)所需的不平衡校准量;在此基础上,针对高阶模态的平衡,提出了一种逐阶向前平衡的高阶无附加试重法,即利用不同平衡面上的低阶平衡配重作为试重,并结合测点模态比建立联系,从而避免了平衡高阶模态时因附加试重而破坏低阶临界转速的平衡。通过数值仿真和试验对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明,相比于传统的影响系数法,所提方法在所关心的转速域内有更好的振动抑制效果,且在保证平衡效果的同时避免了平衡测试过程中出现显著共振,提高了测量的安全性,从而为柔性转子的动平衡提供一种思路。

柔性转子  /  动平衡  /  临界转速  /  初始弯曲

It is often difficult to suppress vibration of flexible rotors at high-order critical speeds through conventional low-speed balancing, especially in the case of the rotor with initial bending. In this paper, a low-speed dynamic balancing method for flexible rotors with initial bending is presented first. Combining the modal information of the rotor with the measurement data at speeds below the critical speeds, the low-speed dynamic balancing method is able to balancing the critical speeds without directly measuring the vibrations at the critical speeds and the initial bending of the rotor. Based on this, a mode-by-mode forward higher-order-extra-trial-weight-free method is proposed for balancing the higher modes simultaneously. In the proposed method, the lower-mode balancing weights on different balancing planes are used as trial weights and linked by the modal ratios of the measuring points. This avoids the potential severe vibration when pass through the critical speeds if any additional trial weights are used for balancing the higher-order modes. The proposed method is validated by numerical simulation and experimental tests respectively. The results show that the proposed method is better than the traditional influence coefficient method in balancing performance. In addition, it also avoids potentially high resonant vibration response, thus providing a safer approach for the high order dynamic balancing of flexible rotors.

flexible rotor  /  dynamical balancing  /  critical speed  /  initial bending
邓振鸿, 罗华耿, 邓旺群, 聂卫健, 林海东, 张保强. 带初始弯曲柔性转子的高阶无附加试重平衡法. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2080 -2087 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309055
Zhenhong DENG, Huageng LUO, Wangqun DENG, Weijian NIE, Haidong LIN, Baoqiang ZHANG. Higher order extra trial weight-free balancing method for flexible rotors with initial bending[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2080 -2087 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309055
为了追求高功率、轻质化,现代工业机械的转子结构普遍采用细长化设计,使得其工作转速往往需要跨过一阶甚至多阶临界转速;同时为了保证性能,其振动裕量的设计值却往往很小,这对转子的振动控制提出了十分高的要求。不平衡是引起转子振动的最常见原因之一,为了抑制和消除这类振动,工业上已经形成了成熟的动平衡产品和工艺。在常规的动平衡中,转子是在通用平衡机上进行低速平衡的,然而,对于工作转速高于其临界转速的转子,即柔性转子而言,在低速下的平衡一般很难保证转子在较高速度下(如临界转速和超临界转速)的振动得到有有效抑制,并且当轴存在初始弯曲时,这种现象会更加突出[1-3]
目前在处理柔性转子平衡问题时用到的方法主要有两类:模态平衡法和影响系数法[4-6]。在传统意义上,这两种动平衡方法在处理柔性转子的平衡问题时,都需要转子处在高转速下,不仅带来了安全隐患,而且由于需要多次添加试重,效率低下。为了提高处理柔性转子动平衡问题时的效率和测试的安全性, PARKINSON等[7]首先将这两种方法结合起来,提出了联合平衡方法以减少机器的启停次数。LIU[8]提出了一种低速全息平衡技术来平衡柔性转子,该方法无需转子在高转速下进行测量。KHULIEF等[9]报道了通过结合实验模态分析(experimental modal analysis,EMA)和测量的运行变形(operating deflection shapes, ODS),开展了高速转子低速平衡方法的实验研究。此外,BIN等[10]提出了一种基于转子有限元模型的无试重动平衡方法,以提高高速动平衡的处理效率。
对于存在初始弯曲的柔性转子,尽管弯曲故障引起的振动现象与不平衡类似,但其激振力的特点却明显不同:不平衡作用力是与轴转速的平方成正比的,初始弯曲产生的力效应是与转速不相关的,当二者同时存在时,期望采用单一转速下的平衡来保证全工作速域的平衡是不现实的。NICHOLAS等[11]针对该问题以Jeffcott转子为例讨论了三种平衡方法,得到最优的方式是以低于临界转速下的平衡来消除临界转速下由于轴弯曲和不平衡共同引起的振动。DEEPTHIKUMAR等[12]针对细长转子的初始弯曲和不平衡分布开展了试验研究。SANCHES等[13]基于相关分析和系统等效缩减展开过程(system equivalent reduction expansion process, SEREP)同时识别了双盘转子中的不平衡和轴弯曲。 REZAZADEH等[14]总结了转子弯曲故障的时域、频域以及时频域诊断方法和相应的平衡技术。罗挺[15]基于模态平衡法研究了具有初始弯曲转子的动平衡问题。洪亮等[16]基于轴初始弯曲理论,针对某型发动机地面性能调试试验中所表现的振动异常问题进行了推断。ZHANG等[17]提出了一种信号纯化的方法,用于解决转子出现初始弯曲等干扰成分情况下的动平衡。
对于存在初始弯曲的柔性转子,动平衡应当以消除或降低临界转速处的响应为目的,传统的低速动平衡方法往往无法保证临界转速处的振动抑制,而模态平衡法又需要在临界转速下测量,存在一定的安全隐患。为了提高这类转子平衡的有效性同时顾及平衡过程的安全性,介绍了一种低速动平衡方法,通过在低于临界转速工况下的平衡调整,有效抑制转子在临界转速处的振动;在此基础上,针对高阶临界转速的平衡,提出了一种基于逐阶向前平衡的高阶无附加试重法,避免了平衡高阶模态时因附加试重而破坏低阶临界转速的平衡,提高了动平衡测量过程的安全性。
柔性转子系统如图1所示,在轴向xs点处由于质量不平衡和轴初始弯曲引起的涡动响应可写为[2]
δ(xs,t)=r=1ψr(xs)(Ω2ur+br)mr(ωr2Ω2+2jξrωrΩ)ejΩt
式中,mrωrξrψr(x)分别为第r阶模态质量、模态频率、模态阻尼比和模态振型; Ω为转子转速;urbr分别为质量不平衡和弯曲作用力的第r阶模态分量,表达式分别为:
ur=0lψr(x)U(x)dx
br=0lψr(x)B(x)dx
式中,l为转子的长度;U(x)为转子的不平衡分布;B(x)为转子初始弯曲产生的作用力。
为了方便,以分析y方向的位移同步响应为例,将式(1)由时域转化至频域可得:
Y(xs,Ω)=r=1ψr(xs)(Ω2ur+br)mr(ωr2Ω2+2jξrωrΩ)
低速动平衡是利用较低速的测量信息和转子模态信息(模态频率和模态阻尼比)的估计量,对临界转速下的不平衡参数进行拟合,从而实现临界转速振动抑制的方法。
对于只存在质量不平衡的情形,当转子运行在接近第r阶临界转速下时,同步振动响应以该阶模态成分为主导,此时转子的同步振动响应可近似写为:
Y(xs,Ω)=ψr(xs)mrZr(Ω)ur
式中,Zr(Ω)=Ω2ωr2Ω2+2jξrωrΩ表示仅与转子的动态特性和转速相关的项。为了消除第r阶临界转速下的不平衡响应,需要在选定的平衡面xk处,添加不平衡校准量λk,使得:
ψr(xs)mr[ur+ψr(xk)λk]=0
若转子的临界转速和模态阻尼比已知,令转子在略低于第r阶临界转速附近的多个转速(避开共振区域)下进行同步响应的测量,此时仍可近似认为振动响应满足式(5),采用最小二乘法可以拟合出ψr(xs)mrur。进一步,在此平衡面上添加已知试重ΔUk,在相同的转速下进行测量,可得到相应的影响系数为:
H=ψr(xs)mrZr(Ω)ψr(xk)
同理,根据式(7)可以拟合得到ψr(xs)mrψr(xk),将其与拟合得到的ψr(xs)mrur同时代入式(6),便可求解不平衡校准量λk
考虑到当转子存在初始弯曲时,其由于弯曲引起的振动响应在临界转速附近不可忽略,利用低速动平衡方法,可以同时对质量不平衡和弯曲作用力的相关参数进行拟合,对二者在临界转速区域的振动响应进行同步抑制。
对于同时存在质量不平衡和初始弯曲时,式(5)写为:
Y(xs,Ω)=ψr(xs)mr[Zr(Ω)ur+Xr(Ω)brωr2]
式中,Xr(Ω)=ωr2ωr2Ω2+2jξrωrΩ,此时为了消除第r阶临界转速下由于质量不平衡和初始弯曲引起的响应,添加的配重量λk需满足:
ψr(xs)mr[ur+brωr2+ψr(xk)λk]=0
同理,在略低于第r阶临界转速附近取多个转速(避开共振区域),分别测量无试重和带试重状态下对应转速的同步响应,采用最小二乘法可以拟合出ψr(xs)mrurψr(xs)mrbr以及ψr(xs)mrψr(xk),代回式(9)可以求解平衡第r阶临界转速所需要的不平衡校准量。
对于第1阶临界转速,可直接采用上述方法进行平衡,由于在测量时避开了共振区域,降低了运行风险。但在平衡高阶临界转速时,转子仍需要跨过低阶临界转速,此时,为了避免盲目添加试重而破坏低阶的平衡,采用一种逐阶向前的无附加试重的平衡步骤,以保证测量过程的安全。在该方法中,为了平衡前N阶临界转速,需要选取N个平衡面并布置N个传感器,并且要求传感器安装在每个平衡面的位置。此外,在平衡每一阶高阶模态时,都是在其之前所有低阶模态平衡后的基础上进行测试的。
将前N−1(N≥2)阶平衡过的转子运行至略低于第N阶临界转速(转速低于共振区域),测量多个不同转速的同步响应,此时响应的解析表达式可写为:
YTN1(xs,Ω)=ψN(xs)mN[ZN(Ω)uN+i=1N1ψN(xTi)λTi(N1)+XN(Ω)bNωN2]s=1,2,,N
式中,Ω表示由多个转速组成的转速向量(矩阵);λTi(N1) 表示平衡前N−1阶临界转速时在平衡面Ti处所添加的不平衡校准量;TN1={T1,T2,,TN1}(TiN,i=1,2,,N1)表示在平衡前N−1阶临界转速时所有平衡面组成的集合。根据式(10)采用最小二乘法拟合可得到ψN(xs)mN(uN+i=1N1ψN(xTi)λTi(N1)),s=1,2,,NψN(xs)mNbNωN2
N个平衡面中,选取一组新的平衡面集合TN1={T1,T2,,TN2,TN},其中,TNTNTNTN1,代表上一步中尚未使用过的平衡面。去除转子的配重,根据平衡面TN1对前N−1阶临界转速重新平衡后,将前N−1阶平衡过的转子运行至靠近第N阶临界转速(转速低于共振区域),测量多个不同转速的响应,此时响应的解析表达式可写为:
YTN1(xs,Ω)=ψN(xs)mN[ZN(Ω)uN+i=1N2,NψN(xTi)λTi(N1)+XN(Ω)bNωN2]
同理,根据式(11),采用最小二乘法拟合可得到ψN(xs)mN(uN+i=1N2,NψN(xTi)λTi(N1)),s=Ti,i=1,2,,NψN(xs)mNbNωN2
根据下式计算第N阶模态各测点与第N个测点的振型比:
κi,N(N)=ψN(xTi)ψN(xTN)=ψN(xTi)mN(uN+i=1N1ψN(xTi)λTi(N1))ψN(xTN)mN(uN+i=1N1ψN(xTi)λTi(N1))
ψN(xs)mN(uN+i=1N1ψN(xTi)λTi(N1))ψN(xs)mN(uN+i=1N2,NψN(xTi)λTi(N1))相减并与式(12)联立,求解ψN(xs)mNψN(xTN)ψN(xs)mNψN(xTi),s=TN,i=1,2,,N1
此时为了消除第N阶振动响应,添加在各平衡面的配重量λi(N)需要满足如下条件:
i=1NψN(xs)mNψN(xi)λi(N)=ψN(xs)mN[uN+i=1N2,NψN(xTi)λTi(N1)]+ψN(xs)mNbNωN2
同时,为了不破坏前N−1阶的平衡,还需要满足:
i=1Nψr(xs)mrψr(xi)λi(N)=0
将式(13)和(14)整理成矩阵的形式,可以得到平衡前N阶临界转速所需要的配重量为:
[λ1λ2λN]=[ψ1(xs)m1ψ1(x1)ψ1(xs)m1ψ1(x2)ψ1(xs)m1ψ1(xN)ψ2(xs)m2ψ2(x1)ψ2(xs)m2ψ2(x2)ψ2(xs)m2ψ2(xN)ψN(xs)mNψN(x1)ψN(xs)mNψN(x2)ψN(xs)mNψN(xN)]1[00ψN(xs)mN(uN + i=1N2,NψN(xTi)λTi(N1))+ψN(xs)mNbNωN2]
根据(15)求解的结果在各平衡面上添加相应的试重。
为了验证本文所提方法的有效性,设计了如图2所示的柔性转子系统,转子由3个刚性圆盘和1根柔性轴组成,两端由滚动轴承支撑,圆盘上均匀分布了一些用于添加不平衡配重的螺纹孔,具体尺寸见图中标注,其中轴和圆盘的材料均为钢,其弹性模量为200 GPa,剪切模量为81.2 GPa,密度为7810 kg/m3。考虑到圆盘在出厂时由于制造加工误差,具有一定的初始不平衡,并且转轴由于制造工艺和运输等原因,发生了一定程度的塑性变形,使得转子在运行过程中存在较大的振动,为了使转子能更为安全平稳地通过前2阶临界转速,需要对转子进行平衡。
首先采用数值模拟的方式来说明本文所提方法的效果。基于Timoshenko梁理论,建立了该转子系统的有限元模型,如图3所示,模型共包含19个节点和18个梁单元。假设在仿真模型中,转子的初始不平衡集中在3个圆盘上,具体大小及相位如表1所示;此外,分别考虑了两种典型的轴初始弯曲模式,如图4所示(假设轴变形只发生在xz平面内)。根据有限元仿真结果,计算得到的转子的前2阶固有频率和阻尼比如表2所示。
在轴初始弯曲和不平衡同时作用下,分别采用影响系数法和本文所提方法对该转子进行平衡。其中影响系数法的平衡转速为1200 r/min,采用圆盘1和3作为平衡面。本文所提方法在平衡第一阶模态不平衡时的测量转速为:800~1200 r/min(低速动平衡法平衡第1阶),4000~4400 r/min(高阶无附加试重法平衡第2阶),平衡面同样选定在圆盘1和3处。平衡结果如图5所示,可以看出,对于两种不同的初始弯曲模式,采用影响系数法平衡后,转子在第1阶临界转速处的振动响应均有所降低,但在第2阶临界转速处,其振动响应不仅没有降低,反而比平衡之前大幅提高了;而经过本文所提方法平衡后,转子在前2阶临界转速处的振动响应均保持在相当低的水平,并且远低于影响系数法和平衡前的状态,说明该方法对弯曲柔性转子的临界转速振动抑制有显著的效果。
为了考虑测量噪声对平衡效果的影响,在测量的同步响应的幅值和相位上分别添加了10%的高斯白噪声,采用同样的方法进行平衡,结果如图6所示。可以看到,平衡结果与未加噪声下的结果十分类似,本文所提方法大大降低了转子在临界转速的振动幅值,说明该方法在一定的噪声条件下,具有较好的鲁棒性。
受实际测量、转子结构、材料等不确定性因素的影响,所能得到的转子临界转速和阻尼参数仅是一种估计值,其真实值是无法准确获取的,因此,需要考虑临界参数的不确定性对所提方法的影响。假设估计得到的临界转速存在±5%的误差,阻尼比存在±50%的不确定性,采用蒙特卡罗仿真100次,统计出运行转速域内(0~6000 r/min)各测点位移响应的最大幅值的均值和变化范围如图7所示。可以看出,对于两种弯曲模式,其最大幅值的平均值相比于平衡前的最大幅值均显著下降,且统计出的最大值也明显低于平衡前的结果,因此在考虑一定的参数不确定下,本文所提方法仍具有很好的平衡效果。
进一步采用试验对所提方法进行验证,对应的转子试验台以及数据采集设备如图8所示,其中采集系统为DH5922D动态信号测试分析系统,光电传感器(型号:GDT-1)用于测量轴转速,3个位移传感器(型号:WT0180)分别安装在圆盘位置,用于监测转子的振动,传感器的量程为±1 mm。为了使转子能较为安全地跨过其前2阶临界转速,需要保证转子在运行过程中测点的最大位移响应幅值不超过1 mm,以避免损坏传感器,这对转子的平衡提出了较高的要求。
采用本文所提方法对该转子进行平衡。首先根据试验模态分析估计得到转子的前2阶固有频率和阻尼比如表3所示。与仿真案例中类似,采用圆盘1和3作为平衡面。在平衡第1阶临界转速时,将转子运行至800、900、1000、1100、1200、1300 r/min,并拾取稳态下的同步响应,并按照1.3节介绍的低速动平衡方法分别采用圆盘1和3进行平衡。将平衡后各测点的位移响应幅值与平衡前以及影响系数法(1300 r/min下测量)进行对比,结果如图9所示。可以看出,平衡前转子在临界转速附近的振动响应急剧增大,其中,在第1阶临界转速处振动略微超过了传感器的限制值,在靠近第2阶临界转速时由于振动过大而停车;影响系数法在第1阶临界转速处起到了一定的振动抑制作用,但靠近第2阶临界转速的幅值响应仍然很高,无法跨过第2阶临界转速;对于低速动平衡法,无论是采用圆盘1还是3,其在第1阶临界转速的平衡效果都十分显著,且均优于影响系数法,但仍无法跨过第2阶临界转速。
采用1.4节介绍的高阶无附加试重法进一步对第2阶临界转速进行平衡,平衡结果如图10所示。可以看出,经过高阶无附加试重法平衡后,转子在第2阶临界转速处的振动响应明显降低,虽然相比于仅平衡第一阶临界转速的情形,第1阶的模态响应增加了,但总体仍明显低于传感器的量程,从而使得转子能够顺利跨过前2阶临界转速。因此,试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。
本文针对带有初始弯曲的柔性转子的动平衡问题,介绍了一种低速动平衡方法,利用低于临界转速下的测量信息和转子的模态信息对临界转速下的振动进行抑制;在此基础上,提出了一种高阶无附加试重法用于高阶模态的平衡,分别通过数值仿真和试验对所提方法进行了验证,主要结论如下:
(1)介绍了一种低速动平衡方法,使得平衡过程只需要在低于临界转速条件下进行测量,便可保证临界转速下的振动抑制;
(2) 同时考虑了不平衡和轴弯曲作用力的影响, 提出了一种适用于弯曲转子多阶临界转速的平衡方法,在保证平衡效果的同时避免了平衡测试过程中出现显著共振,提高了测量的安全性;
(3)数值模拟表明,相比于传统的影响系数法,所提方法具有更好的振动抑制效果,且对测量噪声和转子模态参数不确定性具有一定的鲁棒性;
(4)通过实际的柔性转子平衡试验验证了所提方法的可行性和适用性,为高速转子的动平衡提供了一种思路。
  • 中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY004)
  • 中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY009)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202309055
  • 接收时间:2023-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18
  • 修回日期:2023-12-28
基金
中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY004)
中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY009)
作者信息
    1.厦门大学航空航天学院,福建 厦门 361102
    2.中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,湖南 株洲 412002
    3.中国航空发动机集团航空发动机振动技术重点实验室,湖南 株洲 412002
    4.北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京 100191

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邓旺群(1967—),男,博士,研究员。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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